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Sushko S, Ovsepyan L, Gavrichkova O, Yevdokimov I, Komarova A, Zhuravleva A, Blagodatsky S, Kadulin M, Ivashchenko K. Contribution of microbial activity and vegetation cover to the spatial distribution of soil respiration in mountains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165045. [PMID: 37396373 PMCID: PMC10307969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of change in bioclimatic conditions determine the vegetation cover and soil properties along the altitudinal gradient. Together, these factors control the spatial variability of soil respiration (RS) in mountainous areas. The underlying mechanisms, which are poorly understood, shape the resulting surface CO2 flux in these ecosystems. We aimed to investigate the spatial variability of RS and its drivers on the northeastern slope of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, Russia (1,260-2,480 m a.s.l.), in mixed, fir, and deciduous forests, as well as subalpine and alpine meadows. RS was measured simultaneously in each ecosystem at 12 randomly distributed points using the closed static chamber technique. After the measurements, topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected under each chamber (n = 60). Several soil physicochemical, microbial, and vegetation indices were assessed as potential drivers of RS. We tested two hypotheses: (i) the spatial variability of RS is higher in forests than in grasslands; and (ii) the spatial variability of RS in forests is mainly due to soil microbial activity, whereas in grasslands, it is mainly due to vegetation characteristics. Unexpectedly, RS variability was lower in forests than in grasslands, ranging from 1.3-6.5 versus 3.4-12.7 μmol CO2 m-1 s-1, respectively. Spatial variability of RS in forests was related to microbial functioning through chitinase activity (50% explained variance), whereas in grasslands it was related to vegetation structure, namely graminoid abundance (27% explained variance). Apparently, the chitinase dependence of RS variability in forests may be related to soil N limitation. This was confirmed by low N content and high C:N ratio compared to grassland soils. The greater sensitivity of grassland RS to vegetation structure may be related to the essential root C allocation for some grasses. Thus, the first hypothesis concerning the higher spatial variability of RS in forests than in grasslands was not confirmed, whereas the second hypothesis concerning the crucial role of soil microorganisms in forests and vegetation in grasslands as drivers of RS spatial variability was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sushko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lilit Ovsepyan
- Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilya Yevdokimov
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexandra Komarova
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Kadulin
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
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Primka EJ, Adams TS, Buck A, Eissenstat DM. Topographical shifts in fine root lifespan in a mixed, mesic temperate forest. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254672. [PMID: 34260660 PMCID: PMC8279377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root lifespan, often is estimated in landscape- and ecosystem-level carbon models using linear approximations. In water manipulation experiments, fine root lifespan can vary with soil water content. Soil water content is generally structured by complex topography, which is largely unaccounted for in landscape- and ecosystem-scale carbon models. Topography governs the range of soil water content experienced by roots which may impact their lifespan. We hypothesized that root lifespan varied nonlinearly across a temperate, mesic, forested catchment due to differences in soil water content associated with topographic position. We expected regions of the landscape that were too wet or too dry would have soils that were not optimal for roots and thus result in shorter root lifespans. Specifically, we hypothesized that root lifespan would be longest in areas that consistently had soil water content in the middle of the soil water content spectrum, while in soils at either very low or very high soil water content, root lifespan would be relatively short. We tested this hypothesis by collecting and analyzing two years of minirhizotron and soil moisture data in plots widely distributed in the Shale Hills catchment of the Susquehanna-Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in Pennsylvania. We found that fine root lifespans were longer in traditionally wetter topographic regions, but detected no short term (biweekly) effect of soil moisture on root lifespan. Additionally, depth in soil, soil series, slope face orientation, and season of birth strongly affected root lifespans across the catchment. In contrast, lifespan was unaffected by root diameter or mycorrhizal association. Failure to account for these variables could result in erroneous estimates of fine root lifespan and, consequentially, carbon flux in temperate forested regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Primka
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Buck
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David M. Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Beamesderfer ER, Arain MA, Khomik M, Brodeur JJ. The Impact of Seasonal and Annual Climate Variations on the Carbon Uptake Capacity of a Deciduous Forest Within the Great Lakes Region of Canada. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 2020; 125:e2019JG005389. [PMID: 33042720 PMCID: PMC7540005 DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In eastern North America, many deciduous forest ecosystems grow at the northernmost extent of their geographical ranges, where climate change could aid or impede their growth. This region experiences frequent extreme weather conditions, allowing us to study the response of these forests to environmental conditions, reflective of future climates. Here we determined the impact of seasonal and annual climate variations and extreme weather events on the carbon (C) uptake capacity of an oak-dominated forest in southern Ontario, Canada, from 2012 to 2016. We found that changes in meteorology during late May to mid-July were key in determining the C sink strength of the forest, impacting the seasonal and annual variability of net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Overall, higher temperatures and dry conditions reduced ecosystem respiration (RE) much more than gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), leading to higher NEP. Variability in NEP was primarily driven by changes in RE, rather than GEP. The mean annual GEP, RE, and NEP values at our site during the study were 1,343 ± 85, 1,171 ± 139, and 206 ± 92 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. The forest was a C sink even in years that experienced heat and water stresses. Mean annual NEP at our site was within the range of NEP (69-459 g C m-2 yr-1) observed in similar North American forests from 2012 to 2016. The growth and C sequestration capabilities of our oak-dominated forest were not adversely impacted by changes in environmental conditions and extreme weather events experienced over the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Beamesderfer
- School of Earth, Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate ChangeMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - M. Altaf Arain
- School of Earth, Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate ChangeMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Myroslava Khomik
- School of Earth, Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate ChangeMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Geography and Environmental ManagementUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Jason J. Brodeur
- School of Earth, Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate ChangeMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Darenova E, Horáček P, Krejza J, Pokorný R, Pavelka M. Seasonally varying relationship between stem respiration, increment and carbon allocation of Norway spruce trees. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:943-955. [PMID: 32268373 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stem respiration is an important component of an ecosystem's carbon budget. Beside environmental factors, it depends highly on tree energy demands for stem growth. Determination of the relationship between stem growth and stem respiration would help to reveal the response of stem respiration to changing climate, which is expected to substantially affect tree growth. Common measurement of stem radial increment does not record all aspects of stem growth processes, especially those connected with cell wall thickening; therefore, the relationship between stem respiration and stem radial increment may vary depending on the wood cell growth differentiation phase. This study presents results from measurements of stem respiration and increment carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. Moreover, rates of carbon allocation to stems were modeled for these years. Stem respiration was divided into maintenance (Rm) and growth respiration (Rg) based upon the mature tissue method. There was a close relationship between Rg and daily stem radial increment (dSRI), and this relationship differed before and after dSRI seasonal maximum, which was around 19 June. Before this date, Rg increased exponentially with dSRI, while after this date logarithmically. This is a result of later maxima of Rg and its slower decrease when compared with dSRI, which is connected with energy demands for cell wall thickening. Rg reached a maxima at the end of June or in July. The maximum of carbon allocation to stem peaked in late summer, when Rg mostly tended to decrease. The overall contribution of Rg to stem CO2 efflux amounted to 46.9% for the growing period from May to September and 38.2% for the year as a whole. This study shows that further deeper analysis of in situ stem growth and stem respiration dynamics is greatly needed, especially with a focus on wood formation on a cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darenova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horáček
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pokorný
- Department of Silvilculture, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Salomón RL, Gordaliza GG, Miranda JC, Miranda E, de la Riva EG, Gil L. Respiratory costs of producing and maintaining stem biomass in eight co-occurring tree species. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1838-1854. [PMID: 31211374 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of carbon allocation for plant performance and fitness, it is expected that competition and abiotic stress influence respiratory costs associated with stem wood biomass production and maintenance. In this study, stem respiration (R) was measured together with stem diameter increment in adult trees of eight co-occurring species in a sub-Mediterranean forest stand for 2 years. We estimated growth R (Rg), maintenance R (Rm) and the growth respiration coefficient (GRC) using two gas exchange methods: (i) estimating Rg as the product of growth and GRC (then Rm as R minus Rg) and (ii) estimating Rm from temperature-dependent kinetics of basal Rm at the dormant season (then Rg as R minus Rm). In both cases, stem basal-area growth rates governed intra-annual variation in R, Rg and Rm. Maximum annual Rm occurred slightly before or after maximum Rg. The mean contribution of Rm to R during the growing season ranged from 56% to 88% across species using method 1 and from 23% to 66% using method 2. An analysis accounting for the phylogenetic distance among species indicated that more shade-tolerant, faster growing species exhibited higher Rm and Rg than less shade-tolerant, slower growing ones, suggesting a balance between carbon supply and demand mediated by growth. However, GRC was not related to species growth rate, wood density, or drought and shade tolerance across the surveyed species nor across 27 tree species for which GRC was compiled. The GRC estimates based on wood chemical analysis were lower (0.19) than those based on gas exchange methods (0.35). These results give partial support to the hypothesis that wood production and maintenance costs are related to species ecology and highlight the divergence of respiratory parameters widely used in plant models according to the methodological approach applied to derive them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto L Salomón
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillermo G Gordaliza
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Miranda
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Miranda
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zhu M, Xue W, Xu H, Gao Y, Chen S, Li B, Zhang Z. Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Soil Respiration of Four Plantation Forests in an Urban Park. Forests 2019; 10:513. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the carbon dynamics of urban trees and forests is one of the key components for developing mitigation strategies for climate change in a fast-paced urbanized world. This study selected four plantation forests composed of poplar, black locust, Chinese pine and mixture of poplar and black locust, located in an urban forest park on a well-drained fluvial plain with same land-use history. The diurnal and seasonal changes in soil respiration (Rs) and biophysical factors were measured from April 2015 to March 2016. At the diurnal scale, Rs varied out of phase with soil temperature (Ts) and the time-lag occurred in May and July when Ts was relatively high and soil moisture (Ms) was low. Strong seasonal variations in Rs were mainly determined by Ts, while the growing-season mean Rs positively correlated with the fine root biomass (FRB), soil organic carbon content (SOC), and total nitrogen content (TN) for all the forests. FRB alone could explain 75% of the among-stand variability. This study concluded that urban forest plantations have similar soil respiration dynamics to forest ecosystems in non-urban settings.
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Darenova E, Szatniewska J, Acosta M, Pavelka M. Variability of stem CO2 efflux response to temperature over the diel period. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:877-887. [PMID: 30597110 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents results from continuous measurements of stem CO2 efflux carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. The objective of the study was to determine differences in temperature sensitivity of stem CO2 efflux (Q10) during night (when sap flow is zero or nearly zero), during early afternoon (when the maximum rate of sap flow occurs) and during two transition periods between the aforementioned periods. The highest Q10 was recorded during the period of zero sap flow, while the lowest Q10 was observed in period of the highest sap flow. Calculating Q10 using only data from the period of zero sap flow resulted in a Q10 that was higher by as much as 19% compared with Q10 calculated using 24 h data. On the other hand, basing the calculation on data from the period of the highest sap flow yielded 5.6% lower Q10 than if 24 h data were used. Considering that change in CO2 efflux lagged in time behind changing stem temperature, there was only a small effect on calculated Q10 for periods with zero and the highest sap flow. A larger effect of the time lag (by as much as 15%) was observed for the two transition periods. Stem CO2 efflux was modelled based on the night CO2 efflux response to temperature. This model had a tendency to overestimate CO2 efflux during daytime, thus indicating potential daytime depression of stem CO2 efflux compared with the values predicated on the basis of temperature caused by CO2 transport upward in the sap flow. This view was supported by our results inasmuch as the overestimation grew with sap flow that was modelled on the basis of photosynthetically active radiation and vapour pressure deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darenova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Justyna Szatniewska
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chaichana N, Bellingrath-kimura S, Komiya S, Fujii Y, Noborio K, Dietrich O, Pakoktom T. Comparison of Closed Chamber and Eddy Covariance Methods to Improve the Understanding of Methane Fluxes from Rice Paddy Fields in Japan. Atmosphere 2018; 9:356. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas flux monitoring in ecosystems is mostly conducted by closed chamber and eddy covariance techniques. To determine the relevance of the two methods in rice paddy fields at different growing stages, closed chamber (CC) and eddy covariance (EC) methods were used to measure the methane (CH4) fluxes in a flooded rice paddy field. Intensive monitoring using the CC method was conducted at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) and after harvest (AHV). An EC tower was installed at the centre of the experimental site to provide continuous measurements during the rice cropping season. The CC method resulted in CH4 flux averages that were 58%, 81%, 94% and 57% higher than those measured by the EC method at 30, 60 and 90 DAT and after harvest (AHV), respectively. A footprint analysis showed that the area covered by the EC method in this study included non-homogeneous land use types. The different strengths and weaknesses of the CC and EC methods can complement each other, and the use of both methods together leads to a better understanding of CH4 emissions from paddy fields.
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Darenova E, Acosta M, Pokorny R, Pavelka M. Variability in temperature dependence of stem CO2 efflux from Norway spruce trees. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:1333-1344. [PMID: 29425384 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents results from continuous measurements of stem CO2 efflux carried out for seven experimental seasons (from May to October) in a young Norway spruce forest. The objectives of the study were to determine variability in the response of stem CO2 efflux to stem temperature over the season and to observe differences in the calculated relationship between stem temperature and CO2 efflux based on full growing season data or on data divided into periods according to stem growth rate. Temperature sensitivity of stem CO2 efflux (Q10) calculated for the established periods ranged between 1.61 and 3.46 and varied over the season, with the lowest values occurring in July and August. Q10 calculated using data from the full growing seasons ranged between 2.30 and 2.94 and was often significantly higher than Q10 calculated for the individual periods. Temperature-normalized stem CO2 efflux (R10) determined using Q10 from growing season data was overestimated when the temperature was below 10 °C and underestimated when the temperature was above 10 °C, compared with R10 calculated using Q10 established for the individual periods. The differences in daily mean R10 calculated by these two approaches ranged between -0.9 and 0.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The results of this study confirm that long periods for determining the temperature dependence of stem CO2 efflux encompass different statuses of the wood (especially in relation to stem growth). This may cause bias in models using this relationship for estimating stem CO2 efflux as a function of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Darenova
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pokorny
- Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelská 3, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Pavelka
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, v.v.i., Belidla 4a, Brno, Czech Republic
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Yuan J, Jose S, Hu Z, Pang J, Hou L, Zhang S. Biometric and Eddy Covariance Methods for Examining the Carbon Balance of a Larix principis-rupprechtii Forest in the Qinling Mountains, China. Forests 2018; 9:67. [DOI: 10.3390/f9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Campioli M, Malhi Y, Vicca S, Luyssaert S, Papale D, Peñuelas J, Reichstein M, Migliavacca M, Arain MA, Janssens IA. Evaluating the convergence between eddy-covariance and biometric methods for assessing carbon budgets of forests. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13717. [PMID: 27966534 PMCID: PMC5171944 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eddy-covariance (EC) micro-meteorological technique and the ecology-based biometric methods (BM) are the primary methodologies to quantify CO2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere (net ecosystem production, NEP) and its two components, ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Here we show that EC and BM provide different estimates of NEP, but comparable ecosystem respiration and gross primary production for forest ecosystems globally. Discrepancies between methods are not related to environmental or stand variables, but are consistently more pronounced for boreal forests where carbon fluxes are smaller. BM estimates are prone to underestimation of net primary production and overestimation of leaf respiration. EC biases are not apparent across sites, suggesting the effectiveness of standard post-processing procedures. Our results increase confidence in EC, show in which conditions EC and BM estimates can be integrated, and which methodological aspects can improve the convergence between EC and BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Campioli
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Y. Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - S. Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - S. Luyssaert
- LSCE CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Papale
- DIBAF, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, CMCC, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - J. Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Reichstein
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M. A. Arain
- School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - I. A. Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Kongpanna P, Babi DK, Pavarajarn V, Assabumrungrat S, Gani R. Systematic methods and tools for design of sustainable chemical processes for CO2 utilization. Comput Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu J, Hu X, Yao H, Liu G, Ji C, Fang J. A significant carbon sink in temperate forests in Beijing: based on 20-year field measurements in three stands. Sci China Life Sci 2015; 58:1135-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wu X, Ju W, Zhou Y, He M, Law B, Black T, Margolis H, Cescatti A, Gu L, Montagnani L, Noormets A, Griffis T, Pilegaard K, Varlagin A, Valentini R, Blanken P, Wang S, Wang H, Han S, Yan J, Li Y, Zhou B, Liu Y. Performance of Linear and Nonlinear Two-Leaf Light Use Efficiency Models at Different Temporal Scales. Remote Sensing 2015; 7:2238-78. [DOI: 10.3390/rs70302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Speckman HN, Frank JM, Bradford JB, Miles BL, Massman WJ, Parton WJ, Ryan MG. Forest ecosystem respiration estimated from eddy covariance and chamber measurements under high turbulence and substantial tree mortality from bark beetles. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:708-721. [PMID: 25205425 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eddy covariance nighttime fluxes are uncertain due to potential measurement biases. Many studies report eddy covariance nighttime flux lower than flux from extrapolated chamber measurements, despite corrections for low turbulence. We compared eddy covariance and chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration at the GLEES Ameriflux site over seven growing seasons under high turbulence [summer night mean friction velocity (u*) = 0.7 m s(-1)], during which bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground respiring biomass. Chamber-based estimates of ecosystem respiration during the growth season, developed from foliage, wood, and soil CO2 efflux measurements, declined 35% after 85% of the forest basal area had been killed or impaired by bark beetles (from 7.1 ± 0.22 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in 2005 to 4.6 ± 0.16 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in 2011). Soil efflux remained at ~3.3 μmol m(-2) s(-1) throughout the mortality, while the loss of live wood and foliage and their respiration drove the decline of the chamber estimate. Eddy covariance estimates of fluxes at night remained constant over the same period, ~3.0 μmol m(-2) s(-1) for both 2005 (intact forest) and 2011 (85% basal area killed or impaired). Eddy covariance fluxes were lower than chamber estimates of ecosystem respiration (60% lower in 2005, and 32% in 2011), but the mean night estimates from the two techniques were correlated within a year (r(2) from 0.18 to 0.60). The difference between the two techniques was not the result of inadequate turbulence, because the results were robust to a u* filter of >0.7 m s(-1). The decline in the average seasonal difference between the two techniques was strongly correlated with overstory leaf area (r(2) = 0.92). The discrepancy between methods of respiration estimation should be resolved to have confidence in ecosystem carbon flux estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Speckman
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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16
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Migliavacca M, Reichstein M, Richardson AD, Mahecha MD, Cremonese E, Delpierre N, Galvagno M, Law BE, Wohlfahrt G, Black TA, Carvalhais N, Ceccherini G, Chen J, Gobron N, Koffi E, Munger JW, Perez-Priego O, Robustelli M, Tomelleri E, Cescatti A. Influence of physiological phenology on the seasonal pattern of ecosystem respiration in deciduous forests. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:363-76. [PMID: 24990223 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental and biotic drivers of respiration at the ecosystem level is a prerequisite to further improve scenarios of the global carbon cycle. In this study we investigated the relevance of physiological phenology, defined as seasonal changes in plant physiological properties, for explaining the temporal dynamics of ecosystem respiration (RECO) in deciduous forests. Previous studies showed that empirical RECO models can be substantially improved by considering the biotic dependency of RECO on the short-term productivity (e.g., daily gross primary production, GPP) in addition to the well-known environmental controls of temperature and water availability. Here, we use a model-data integration approach to investigate the added value of physiological phenology, represented by the first temporal derivative of GPP, or alternatively of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, for modeling RECO at 19 deciduous broadleaved forests in the FLUXNET La Thuile database. The new data-oriented semiempirical model leads to an 8% decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) and a 6% increase in the modeling efficiency (EF) of modeled RECO when compared to a version of the model that does not consider the physiological phenology. The reduction of the model-observation bias occurred mainly at the monthly time scale, and in spring and summer, while a smaller reduction was observed at the annual time scale. The proposed approach did not improve the model performance at several sites, and we identified as potential causes the plant canopy heterogeneity and the use of air temperature as a driver of ecosystem respiration instead of soil temperature. However, in the majority of sites the model-error remained unchanged regardless of the driving temperature. Overall, our results point toward the potential for improving current approaches for modeling RECO in deciduous forests by including the phenological cycle of the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Migliavacca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 100164, Jena, 07701, Germany; Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, Milan, Italy
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17
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Fenn K, Malhi Y, Morecroft M, Lloyd C, Thomas M. The Carbon Cycle of a Maritime Ancient Temperate Broadleaved Woodland at Seasonal and Annual Scales. Ecosystems 2015; 18:1-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Xiao W, Ge X, Zeng L, Huang Z, Lei J, Zhou B, Li M. Rates of litter decomposition and soil respiration in relation to soil temperature and water in different-aged Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101890. [PMID: 25004164 PMCID: PMC4087021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the soil carbon dynamics and cycling in terrestrial ecosystems in response to environmental changes, we studied soil respiration, litter decomposition, and their relations to soil temperature and soil water content for 18-months (Aug. 2010–Jan. 2012) in three different-aged Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Across the experimental period, the mean total soil respiration and litter respiration were 1.94 and 0.81, 2.00 and 0.60, 2.19 and 0.71 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and the litter dry mass remaining was 57.6%, 56.2% and 61.3% in the 20-, 30-, and 46-year-old forests, respectively. We found that the temporal variations of soil respiration and litter decomposition rates can be well explained by soil temperature at 5 cm depth. Both the total soil respiration and litter respiration were significantly positively correlated with the litter decomposition rates. The mean contribution of the litter respiration to the total soil respiration was 31.0%–45.9% for the three different-aged forests. The present study found that the total soil respiration was not significantly affected by forest age when P. masonniana stands exceed a certain age (e.g. >20 years old), but it increased significantly with increased soil temperature. Hence, forest management strategies need to protect the understory vegetation to limit soil warming, in order to reduce the CO2 emission under the currently rapid global warming. The contribution of litter decomposition to the total soil respiration varies across spatial and temporal scales. This indicates the need for separate consideration of soil and litter respiration when assessing the climate impacts on forest carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfa Xiao
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (WX); (XG)
| | - Xiaogai Ge
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, PR China
- * E-mail: (WX); (XG)
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhilin Huang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingpin Lei
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PR China
| | - Benzhi Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Maihe Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, PR China
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Peng J, Loew A. Evaluation of Daytime Evaporative Fraction from MODIS TOA Radiances Using FLUXNET Observations. Remote Sensing 2014; 6:5959-75. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6075959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Yang Y, Zhao M, Xu X, Sun Z, Yin G, Piao S. Diurnal and seasonal change in stem respiration of Larix principis-rupprechtii trees, northern China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89294. [PMID: 24586668 PMCID: PMC3935864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem respiration is a critical and uncertain component of ecosystem carbon cycle. Few studies reported diurnal change in stem respiration as well as its linkage with climate. In this study, we investigated the diurnal and seasonal change in stem respiration and its linkage with environmental factors, in larch plantations of northern China from 2010 to 2012. The stem respiration per unit surface area (RS) showed clear diurnal cycles, ranging from 1.65±0.10 to 2.69±0.15 µmol m(-2) s(-1), increased after 6∶00, peaked at 15∶00 and then decreased. Both stem temperature and air temperature show similar diurnal pattern, while the diurnal pattern of air relative humidity is just the opposite to Rs. Similar to the diurnal cycles, seasonal change in RS followed the pattern of stem temperature. RS increased from May (1.28±0.07 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) when the stem temperature was relatively low and peaked in July (3.02±0.10 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) when the stem temperature was also the highest. Further regression analyses show that RS exponentially increases with increasing temperature, and the Q10 of Rs at mid daytime (1.97±0.17 at 12∶00 and 1.96±0.10 at 15∶00) is significantly lower than that of mid nighttime (2.60±0.14 at 00∶00 and 2.71±0.25 at 03∶00) Q10. This result not only implies that Rs is more sensitive to night than day warming, but also highlights that temperature responses of Rs estimated by only daytime measurement can lead to underestimated stem respiration increase under global warming, especially considering that temperature increase is faster during nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zhenzhong Sun
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Yin
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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21
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Duveneck MJ, Scheller RM, White MA, Handler SD, Ravenscroft C. Climate change effects on northern Great Lake (USA) forests: A case for preserving diversity. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00370.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Ryan MG, Vose JM, Hanson PJ, Iverson LR, Miniat CF, Luce CH, Band LE, Klein SL, Mckenzie D, Wear DN. Forest Processes. Advances in Global Change Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7515-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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23
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Rosík J, Fabiánek T, Marková I. Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in young Norway spruce stands with different silviculture practices. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendelianae Brun 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Guidolotti G, Rey A, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, De Angelis P. Effect of environmental variables and stand structure on ecosystem respiration components in a Mediterranean beech forest. Tree Physiol 2013; 33:960-972. [PMID: 24044943 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The temporal variability of ecosystem respiration (RECO) has been reported to have important effects on the temporal variability of net ecosystem exchange, the net amount of carbon exchanged between an ecosystem and the atmosphere. However, our understanding of ecosystem respiration is rather limited compared with photosynthesis or gross primary productivity, particularly in Mediterranean montane ecosystems. In order to investigate how environmental variables and forest structure (tree classes) affect different respiration components and RECO in a Mediterranean beech forest, we measured soil, stem and leaf CO2 efflux rates with dynamic chambers and RECO by the eddy-covariance technique over 1 year (2007-2008). Ecosystem respiration showed marked seasonal variation, with the highest rates in spring and autumn and the lowest in summer. We found that the soil respiration (SR) was mainly controlled by soil water content below a threshold value of 0.2 m(3) m(-3), above which the soil temperature explained temporal variation in SR. Stem CO2 effluxes were influenced by air temperature and difference between tree classes with higher rates measured in dominant trees than in co-dominant ones. Leaf respiration (LR) varied significantly between the two canopy layers considered. Non-structural carbohydrates were a very good predictor of LR variability. We used these measurements to scale up respiration components to ecosystem respiration for the whole canopy and obtained cumulative amounts of carbon losses over the year. Based on the up-scaled chamber measurements, the relative contributions of soil, stem and leaves to the total annual CO2 efflux were: 56, 8 and 36%, respectively. These results confirm that SR is the main contributor of ecosystem respiration and provided an insight on the driving factors of respiration in Mediterranean montane beech forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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25
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Heskel MA, Atkin OK, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL. Bringing the Kok effect to light: A review on the integration of daytime respiration and net ecosystem exchange. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00120.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Forrester JA, Mladenoff DJ, Gower ST. Experimental Manipulation of Forest Structure: Near-Term Effects on Gap and Stand Scale C Dynamics. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Martin JG, Phillips CL, Schmidt A, Irvine J, Law BE. High-frequency analysis of the complex linkage between soil CO(2) fluxes, photosynthesis and environmental variables. Tree Physiol 2012; 32:49-64. [PMID: 22228815 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency soil CO(2) flux data are valuable for providing new insights into the processes of soil CO(2) production. A record of hourly soil CO(2) fluxes from a semi-arid ponderosa pine stand was spatially and temporally deconstructed in attempts to determine if variation could be explained by logical drivers using (i) CO(2) production depths, (ii) relationships and lags between fluxes and soil temperatures, or (iii) the role of canopy assimilation in soil CO(2) flux variation. Relationships between temperature and soil fluxes were difficult to establish at the hourly scale because diel cycles of soil fluxes varied seasonally, with the peak of flux rates occurring later in the day as soil water content decreased. Using a simple heat transport/gas diffusion model to estimate the time and depth of CO(2) flux production, we determined that the variation in diel soil CO(2) flux patterns could not be explained by changes in diffusion rates or production from deeper soil profiles. We tested for the effect of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) by minimizing soil flux covariance with temperature and moisture using only data from discrete bins of environmental conditions (±1 °C soil temperature at multiple depths, precipitation-free periods and stable soil moisture). Gross ecosystem productivity was identified as a possible driver of variability at the hourly scale during the growing season, with multiple lags between ~5, 15 and 23 days. Additionally, the chamber-specific lags between GEP and soil CO(2) fluxes appeared to relate to combined path length for carbon flow (top of tree to chamber center). In this sparse and heterogeneous forested system, the potential link between CO(2) assimilation and soil CO(2) flux may be quite variable both temporally and spatially. For model applications, it is important to note that soil CO(2) fluxes are influenced by many biophysical factors, which may confound or obscure relationships with logical environmental drivers and act at multiple temporal and spatial scales; therefore, caution is needed when attributing soil CO(2) fluxes to covariates like temperature, moisture and GEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Martin
- Oregon State University, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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28
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Khomik M, Arain MA, Brodeur JJ, Peichl M, Restrepo-Coupé N, McLaren JD. Relative contributions of soil, foliar, and woody tissue respiration to total ecosystem respiration in four pine forests of different ages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Desai AR, Helliker BR, Moorcroft PR, Andrews AE, Berry JA. Climatic controls of interannual variability in regional carbon fluxes from top-down and bottom-up perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Brent R. Helliker
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Paul R. Moorcroft
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Arlyn E. Andrews
- Earth System Research Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Joseph A. Berry
- Carnegie Institution of Washington; Stanford University; Stanford California USA
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30
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Hermle S, Lavigne MB, Bernier PY, Bergeron O, Paré D. Component respiration, ecosystem respiration and net primary production of a mature black spruce forest in northern Quebec. Tree Physiol 2010; 30:527-540. [PMID: 20215120 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We measured respiratory fluxes of carbon dioxide by aboveground tree components and soil respiration with chambers in 2005 and scaled up these measurements over space and time to estimate annual ecosystem respiration (R(e)) at a mature black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) ecosystem in Quebec, Canada. We estimated periodic annual net primary production (NPP) for this ecosystem also. R(e) was estimated at 10.32 Mg C ha(-)(1) year(-)(1); heterotrophic respiration (R(h)) accounted for 52% of R(e) and autotrophic respiration (R(a)) accounted for the remainder. We estimated NPP at 3.02 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1), including production of bryophyte biomass but not including shrub NPP. We used these estimates of carbon fluxes to calculate a carbon use efficiency [CUE = NPP/(NPP + R(a))] of 0.38. This estimate of CUE is similar to those reported for other boreal forest ecosystems and it is lower than the value frequently used in global studies. Based on the estimate of R(h) being greater than the estimate of NPP, the ecosystem was determined to emit approximately 2.38 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) to the atmosphere in 2005. Estimates of gross primary production (GPP = NPP + R(a)) and R(e) differed substantially from estimates of these fluxes derived from eddy covariance measurements during 2005 at this site. The ecological estimates of GPP and R(e) were substantially greater than those estimated for eddy covariance measurements. Applying a correction for lack of energy balance closure to eddy covariance estimates reduces differences with ecological estimates. We reviewed possible sources of systematic error in ecological estimates and discuss other possible explanations for these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hermle
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Laurentian Forestry Centre, PO 10380, Sainte-Foy, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
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Abstract
The extent to which current landscapes deviate from the historical range of natural variability (RNV) is a common means of defining and ranking regional conservation targets. However, climate-induced shifts in forest composition may render obsolete restoration strategies and conservation targets based on historic climate conditions and disturbance regimes. We used a spatially explicit forest ecosystem model, LANDIS-II, to simulate the interaction of climate change and forest management in northeastern Minnesota, USA. We assessed the relevance of restoration strategies and conservation targets based on the RNV in the context of future climate change. Three climate scenarios (no climate change, low emissions, and high emissions) were simulated with three forest management scenarios: no harvest, current management, and a restoration-based approach where harvest activity mimicked the frequency, severity, and size distribution of historic natural disturbance regimes. Under climate change there was a trend toward homogenization of forest conditions due to the widespread expansion of systems dominated by maple (Acer spp.). White spruce (Picea glauca), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) were extirpated from the landscape irrespective of management activity; additional losses of black spruce (P. mariana), red pine (Pinus resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) were projected in the high-emissions scenario. In the restoration management scenario, retention and conversion to white pine (P. strobus) restricted maple expansion. But, widespread forest loss in the restoration scenario under high-emissions projections illustrates the potential pitfalls of implementing an RNV management approach in a system that is not compositionally similar to the historic reference condition. Given the uncertainty associated with climate change, ensuring a diversity of species and conditions within forested landscapes may be the most effective means of ensuring the future resistance of ecosystems to climate-induced declines in productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ravenscroft
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Wang M, Guan DX, Han SJ, Wu JL. Comparison of eddy covariance and chamber-based methods for measuring CO2 flux in a temperate mixed forest. Tree Physiol 2010; 30:149-163. [PMID: 19955193 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two methods, eddy covariance and chamber-based measurements, were employed to measure the net ecosystem CO(2) exchange in a mature temperate mixed forest in 2003. The eddy covariance system was used as a reference, which was compared with the chamber-based method. Based on chamber fluxes, the ecosystem had a gross primary production of 1490 g C m(-2) year(-1), 90% of which was released as efflux back into the air via respiration of the entire ecosystem. This was comprised of about 48% from soil surface CO(2) efflux, 31% from leaf respiration and 21% from stem and branch respiration. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE), estimated from the sum of daily component fluxes, was 146 g C m(-2) year(-1). Ecosystem respiration (ER), estimated from the sum of daily ecosystem respiration, was 1240 g C m(-2) year(-1). NEE was 9.8% of actual gross primary production (GPP). The eddy covariance estimates of NEE, ER and GPP were 188, 1030 and 1220 g C m(-2) year(-1), respectively. The eddy covariance estimation of NEE was higher than that of the chamber-based estimation by 22.5%. On a daily basis, NEE of the scaled chamber measurements was in acceptable agreement with eddy covariance measurement data with R(2) values of 0.71. The discrepancy between the measurement of the two methods was greater in the non-growing season primarily due to the lack of spatial variability in the scaled chamber estimates and weak atmosphere turbulence by eddy covariance measurements. There are many uncertainties for determination of absolute values of ecosystem component flux. More detailed experiments and related theoretical studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Monson RK, Prater MR, Hu J, Burns SP, Sparks JP, Sparks KL, Scott-Denton LE. Tree species effects on ecosystem water-use efficiency in a high-elevation, subalpine forest. Oecologia 2009; 162:491-504. [PMID: 19784850 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem water-use efficiency (eWUE; the ratio of net ecosystem productivity to evapotranspiration rate) is a complex landscape-scale parameter controlled by both physical and biological processes occurring in soil and plants. Leaf WUE (lWUE; the ratio of leaf CO(2) assimilation rate to transpiration rate) is controlled at short time scales principally by leaf stomatal dynamics and this control varies among plant species. Little is known about how leaf-scale variation in lWUE influences landscape-scale variation in eWUE. We analyzed approximately seven thousand 30-min averaged eddy covariance observations distributed across 9 years in order to assess eWUE in two neighboring forest communities. Mean eWUE was 19% lower for the community in which Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir were dominant, compared to the community in which lodgepole pine was dominant. Of that 19% difference, 8% was attributed to residual bias in the analysis that favored periods with slightly drier winds for the spruce-fir community. In an effort to explain the remaining 11% difference, we assessed patterns in lWUE using C isotope ratios. When we focused on bulk tissue from older needles we detected significant differences in lWUE among tree species and between upper and lower canopy needles. However, when these differences were scaled to reflect vertical and horizontal leaf area distributions within the two communities, they provided no power to explain differences in eWUE that we observed in the eddy covariance data. When we focused only on bulk needle tissue of current-year needles for 3 of the 9 years, we also observed differences in lWUE among species and in needles from upper and lower parts of the canopy. When these differences in lWUE were scaled to reflect leaf area distributions within the two communities, we were able to explain 6.3% of the differences in eWUE in 1 year (2006), but there was no power to explain differences in the other 2 years (2003 and 2007). When we examined sugars extracted from needles at 3 different times during the growing season of 2007, we could explain 3.8-6.0% of the differences in eWUE between the two communities, but the difference in eWUE obtained from the eddy covariance record, and averaged over the growing season for this single year, was 32%. Thus, overall, after accounting for species effects on lWUE, we could explain little of the difference in eWUE between the two forest communities observed in the eddy covariance record. It is likely that water and C fluxes from soil, understory plants, and non-needle tissues, account for most of the differences observed in the eddy covariance data. For those cases where we could explain some of the difference in eWUE on the basis of species effects, we partitioned the scaled patterns in lWUE into two components: a component that is independent of canopy leaf area distribution, and therefore only dependent on species-specific differences in needle physiology; and a component that is independent of species differences in needle physiology, and only dependent on species-specific influences on canopy leaf area distribution. Only the component that is dependent on species influences on canopy leaf area distribution, and independent of inherent species differences in needle physiology, had potential to explain differences in eWUE between the two communities. Thus, when tree species effects are important, canopy structure, rather than species-specific needle physiology, has more potential to explain patterns in eWUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Abstract
We estimated component and whole-ecosystem CO(2) efflux (R(ECO)) in a Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. ex DC stand in Tenerife, Canary Islands, an ecotone with strong seasonal changes in soil water availability. From November 2006 to February 2008, we measured foliage, stem and soil CO(2) efflux by chamber techniques. Site-specific CO(2) efflux models obtained from these chamber measurements were then combined with half-hourly measurements of canopy, stem and soil temperature as well as soil water potential, leaf and stem surface area data for scaling up component-specific CO(2) efflux to R(ECO). Integrated over an entire year, R(ECO) was 938 g of C m(-2) in 2007 and comprised the following component fluxes: 77% from soil, 11% from stems and 12% from foliage. Whole-ecosystem CO(2) efflux varied markedly throughout the year. During the cold and wet season, R(ECO) generally followed the seasonal trends in temperature, and during the warm and dry summer, however, R(ECO) was significantly reduced because of limited soil water availability in the main rooting horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Wieser
- Department of Alpine Timberline Ecophysiology, Federal Research and Trainings Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Rennweg 1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Stöckli R, Rutishauser T, Dragoni D, O'Keefe J, Thornton PE, Jolly M, Lu L, Denning AS. Remote sensing data assimilation for a prognostic phenology model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Stöckli
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Climate Services, Climate Analysis; MeteoSwiss; Zürich Switzerland
- NASA Earth Observatory; Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - T. Rutishauser
- Institute of Geography, Oeschger Center for Climate Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - D. Dragoni
- Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - J. O'Keefe
- Fisher Museum, Harvard Forest; Harvard University; Petersham Massachusetts USA
| | - P. E. Thornton
- Terrestrial Sciences Section; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - M. Jolly
- US Forest Service; RMRS, Research, Saveland; Missoula Montana USA
| | - L. Lu
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - A. S. Denning
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Bahn M, Rodeghiero M, Anderson-Dunn M, Dore S, Gimeno C, Drösler M, Williams M, Ammann C, Berninger F, Flechard C, Jones S, Balzarolo M, Kumar S, Newesely C, Priwitzer T, Raschi A, Siegwolf R, Susiluoto S, Tenhunen J, Wohlfahrt G, Cernusca A. Soil Respiration in European Grasslands in Relation to Climate and Assimilate Supply. Ecosystems 2008; 11:1352-67. [PMID: 20936099 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon (C) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides a synthesis of soil respiration (R(s)) in 20 European grasslands across a climatic transect, including ten meadows, eight pastures and two unmanaged grasslands. Maximum rates of R(s) (R(s(max) )), R(s) at a reference soil temperature (10°C; R(s(10) )) and annual R(s) (estimated for 13 sites) ranged from 1.9 to 15.9 μmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1), 0.3 to 5.5 μmol CO(2) m(-2) s(-1) and 58 to 1988 g C m(-2) y(-1), respectively. Values obtained for Central European mountain meadows are amongst the highest so far reported for any type of ecosystem. Across all sites R(s(max) ) was closely related to R(s(10) ).Assimilate supply affected R(s) at timescales from daily (but not necessarily diurnal) to annual. Reductions of assimilate supply by removal of aboveground biomass through grazing and cutting resulted in a rapid and a significant decrease of R(s). Temperature-independent seasonal fluctuations of R(s) of an intensively managed pasture were closely related to changes in leaf area index (LAI). Across sites R(s(10) ) increased with mean annual soil temperature (MAT), LAI and gross primary productivity (GPP), indicating that assimilate supply overrides potential acclimation to prevailing temperatures. Also annual R(s) was closely related to LAI and GPP. Because the latter two parameters were coupled to MAT, temperature was a suitable surrogate for deriving estimates of annual R(s) across the grasslands studied. These findings contribute to our understanding of regional patterns of soil C fluxes and highlight the importance of assimilate supply for soil CO(2) emissions at various timescales.
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Hu QW, Wu Q, Cao GM, Li D, Long RJ, Wang YS. Growing season ecosystem respirations and associated component fluxes in two alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. J Integr Plant Biol 2008; 50:271-279. [PMID: 18713359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
From 30 June to 24 September in 2003 ecosystem respiration (Re) in two alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau were measured using static chamber- and gas chromatography- (GC) based techniques. Simultaneously, plant removal treatments were set to partition Re into plant autotrophic respiration (Ra) and microbial heterotrophic respiration (Rh). Results indicated that Re had clear diurnal and seasonal variation patterns in both of the meadows. The seasonal variability of Re at both meadow sites was caused mainly by changes in Ra, rather than Rh. Moreover, at the Kobresia humilis meadow site (K_site), Ra and Rh accounted for 54% and 46% of Re, respectively. While at the Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow (P_site), the counterparts accounted for 61% and 39%, respectively. T test showed that there was significant difference in Re rates between the two meadows (t = 2.387, P = 0.022). However, no significant difference was found in Rh rates, whereas a significant difference was observed in Ra rates between the two meadows. Thus, the difference in Re rate between the two meadows was mainly attributed to plant autotrophic respirations. During the growing season, the two meadows showed relatively low Q10 values, suggesting that Re, especially Rh was not sensitive to temperature variation in the growing season. Additionally, Re and Rh at the K_site, as well as Rh at the P_site was negatively correlated with soil moisture, indicating that soil moisture would also play an important role in respirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wu Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
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Marsden C, Nouvellon Y, M'Bou AT, Saint-Andre L, Jourdan C, Kinana A, Epron D. Two independent estimations of stand-level root respiration on clonal Eucalyptus stands in Congo: up scaling of direct measurements on roots versus the trenched-plot technique. New Phytol 2007; 177:676-687. [PMID: 18069963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Root respiration at the level of a forest stand, an important component of ecosystem carbon balance, has been estimated in the past using various methods, most of them being indirect and relying on soil respiration measurements. On a 3-yr-old Eucalyptus stand in Congo-Brazzaville, a method involving the upscaling of direct measurements made on roots in situ, was compared with an independent approach using soil respiration measurements conducted on control and trenched plots (i.e. without living roots). The first estimation was based on the knowledge of root-diameter distribution and on a relationship between root diameter and specific respiration rates. The direct technique involving the upscaling of direct measurements on roots resulted in an estimation of 1.53 micromol m(-2) s(-1), c. 50% higher than the mean estimation obtained with the indirect technique (1.05 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). Monte-Carlo simulations showed that the results carried high uncertainty, but this uncertainty was no higher for the direct method than for the trenched-plot method. The reduction of the uncertainties on upscaled results requires more extensive knowledge of temperature sensitivity and more confidence and precision on the respiration rates and biomasses of fine roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Marsden
- CIRAD, Persyst, UPR-80 CIRAD, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10/C, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- UR2PI, BP 1291, Pointe Noire, Congo-Brazzaville
- Current address: Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas/IAG/Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-900 SP, Brasil
| | - Yann Nouvellon
- CIRAD, Persyst, UPR-80 CIRAD, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10/C, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- UR2PI, BP 1291, Pointe Noire, Congo-Brazzaville
| | | | - Laurent Saint-Andre
- CIRAD, Persyst, UPR-80 CIRAD, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10/C, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Jourdan
- CIRAD, Persyst, UPR-80 CIRAD, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10/C, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | | | - Daniel Epron
- UMR INRA UHP 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, Faculté des Sciences, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France
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Cook BD, Bolstad PV, Martin JG, Heinsch FA, Davis KJ, Wang W, Desai AR, Teclaw RM. Using Light-Use and Production Efficiency Models to Predict Photosynthesis and Net Carbon Exchange During Forest Canopy Disturbance. Ecosystems 2008; 11:26-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-007-9105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Noormets A, Chen J, Crow TR. Age-Dependent Changes in Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes in Managed Forests in Northern Wisconsin, USA. Ecosystems 2007; 10:187-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-007-9018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Teskey RO, McGuire MA. Measurement of stem respiration of sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) trees involves internal and external fluxes of CO2 and possible transport of CO2 from roots. Plant Cell Environ 2007; 30:570-9. [PMID: 17407535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CO(2) released by respiring cells in tree stems can either diffuse to the atmosphere or dissolve in xylem sap. In this study, the internal and external fluxes of CO(2) released from respiring stems of five sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) trees were calculated. Mean rates of stem respiration were highest in mid-afternoon and lowest at night, and were positively correlated with air temperature. Over a 24 h period, on average 34% of the CO(2) released by respiring cells in the measured stem segment remained within the tree. CO(2) efflux to the atmosphere consisted of similar proportions of CO(2) derived from local respiring cells (55%) and CO(2) that had been transported in the xylem (45%), indicating that CO(2) efflux does not accurately estimate respiration. A portion of the efflux of transported CO(2) appeared to have originated in the root system. A modification of the method for calculating stem respiration based on internal and external fluxes of CO(2) was developed to separate efflux due to local respiration from efflux of transported CO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Teskey
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Desai AR, Moorcroft PR, Bolstad PV, Davis KJ. Regional carbon fluxes from an observationally constrained dynamic ecosystem model: Impacts of disturbance, CO2fertilization, and heterogeneous land cover. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loescher HW, Law BE, Mahrt L, Hollinger DY, Campbell J, Wofsy SC. Uncertainties in, and interpretation of, carbon flux estimates using the eddy covariance technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loescher HW, Munger JW. Preface to special section on New Approaches to Quantifying Exchanges of Carbon and Energy Across a Range of Scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Curtis PS, Vogel CS, Gough CM, Schmid HP, Su HB, Bovard BD. Respiratory carbon losses and the carbon-use efficiency of a northern hardwood forest, 1999-2003. New Phytol 2005; 167:437-55. [PMID: 15998397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of carbon (C) storage by forests requires an understanding of climatic controls over respiratory C loss. Ecosystem respiration can be estimated biometrically as the sum (R Sigma) of soil (Rs), leaf (Rl) and wood (Rw) respiration, and meteorologically by measuring above-canopy nocturnal CO2 fluxes (Fcn). Here we estimated R Sigma over 5 yr in a forest in Michigan, USA, and compared R Sigma and Fcn on turbulent nights. We also evaluated forest carbon-use efficiency (Ec = P(NP)/P(GP)) using biometric estimates of net primary production (P(NP)) and R Sigma and Fcn-derived estimates of gross primary production (P(GP)). Interannual variation in R Sigma was modest (142 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). Mean annual R Sigma was 1425 g C m(-2) yr(-1); 71% from Rs, 18% from Rl, and 11% from Rw. Hourly R Sigma was well correlated with Fcn, but 11 to 58% greater depending on the time of year. Greater R Sigma compared with Fcn resulted in higher estimated annual P(GP) and lower annual Ec (0.42 vs 0.54) using biometric and meteorological data, respectively. Our results provide one of the first multiyear estimates of R Sigma in a forested ecosystem, and document the responses of component respiratory C losses to major climatic drivers. They also provide the first assessment of Ec in a deciduous forest using independent estimates of P(GP).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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