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Osei D, Baumgart-Vogt E, Ahlemeyer B, Herden C. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor 1 Mediates Borna Disease Virus 1-Induced Changes in Peroxisomal and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1849. [PMID: 38339126 PMCID: PMC10855776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV1) causes a persistent infection in the mammalian brain. Peroxisomes and mitochondria play essential roles in the cellular antiviral immune response, but the effect of BoDV1 infection on peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and their respective antioxidant capacities is still not clear. Using different mouse lines-i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic (TNFTg; to pro-inflammatory status), TNF receptor-1 knockout (TNFR1ko), and TNFR2ko mice in comparison to wild-type (Wt) mice-we analyzed the abundances of both organelles and their main antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), in neurons of the hippocampal, cerebral, and cerebellar cortices. In TNFTg mice, a strong increase in mitochondrial (6.9-fold) and SOD2 (12.1-fold) abundances was detected; meanwhile, peroxisomal abundance increased slightly (1.5-fold), but that of catalase decreased (2.9-fold). After BoDV1 infection, a strong decrease in mitochondrial (2.1-6.5-fold), SOD2 (2.7-9.1-fold), and catalase (2.7-10.3-fold) abundances, but a slight increase in peroxisomes (1.3-1.6-fold), were detected in Wt and TNFR2ko mice, whereas no changes occurred in TNFR1ko mice. Our data suggest that the TNF system plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of both subcellular organelles. Moreover, TNFR1 signaling mediated the changes in peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics after BoDV1 infection, highlighting new mechanisms by which BoDV1 may achieve immune evasion and viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Osei
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (D.O.); (E.B.-V.)
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (D.O.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Barbara Ahlemeyer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (D.O.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Avian bornaviruses constitute a genetically diverse group of at least 15 viruses belonging to the genus Orthobornavirus within the family Bornaviridae. After the discovery of the first avian bornaviruses in diseased psittacines in 2008, further viruses have been detected in passerines and aquatic birds. Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) possess the highest veterinary relevance amongst the avian bornaviruses as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). PDD is a chronic and often fatal disease that may engulf a broad range of clinical presentations, typically including neurologic signs as well as impaired gastrointestinal motility, leading to proventricular dilatation. It occurs worldwide in captive psittacine populations and threatens private bird collections, zoological gardens and rehabilitation projects of endangered species. In contrast, only little is known about the pathogenic roles of passerine and waterbird bornaviruses. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on avian bornavirus infections, including their taxonomy, pathogenesis of associated diseases, epidemiology, diagnostic strategies and recent developments on prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y, Ohtaki N, Tomonaga K. Linkage between the leader sequence and leader RNA production in Borna disease virus-infected cells. Virology 2017; 510:104-10. [PMID: 28715652 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the non-segmented, negative-strand (NNS) RNA viral genome is called the leader sequence, and functions as the promoter for viral replication and transcription. NNS RNA viruses also use the sequence as a template to synthesize leader RNAs (leRNAs) with unknown functions. Borna disease virus (BDV) is unique because it establishes a persistent infection and replicates in the nucleus. No report has yet demonstrated the presence of leRNAs during BDV infection. Here, we report that BDV synthesizes leRNAs from the 3'-UTR of the genome. They started at position 5 in the 3'-UTR and ended by the transcription start signal of the nucleoprotein gene. The level of leRNA production is not correlated with the levels of viral replication and transcription. On the other hand, mutation of the 3'-UTR affects leRNA production. Our findings add a novel viral transcript to the BDV life cycle and shed light on BDV replication and/or transcription.
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Lin CC, Wu YJ, Heimrich B, Schwemmle M. Absence of a robust innate immune response in rat neurons facilitates persistent infection of Borna disease virus in neuronal tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4399-410. [PMID: 23793543 PMCID: PMC11113786 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) persistently infects neurons of the central nervous system of various hosts, including rats. Since type I IFN-mediated antiviral response efficiently blocks BDV replication in primary rat embryo fibroblasts, it has been speculated that BDV is not effectively sensed by the host innate immune system in the nervous system. To test this assumption, organotypical rat hippocampal slice cultures were infected with BDV for up to 4 weeks. This resulted in the secretion of IFN and the up-regulation of IFN-stimulated genes. Using the rat Mx protein as a specific marker for IFN-induced gene expression, astrocytes and microglial cells were found to be Mx positive, whereas neurons, the major cell type in which BDV is replicating, lacked detectable levels of Mx protein. In uninfected cultures, neurons also remained Mx negative even after treatment with high concentrations of IFN-α. This non-responsiveness correlated with a lack of detectable nuclear translocation of both pSTAT1 and pSTAT2 in these cells. Consistently, neuronal dissemination of BDV was not prevented by treatment with IFN-α. These data suggest that the poor innate immune response in rat neurons renders this cell type highly susceptible to BDV infection even in the presence of exogenous IFN-α. Intriguingly, in contrast to rat neurons, IFN-α treatment of mouse neurons resulted in the up-regulation of Mx proteins and block of BDV replication, indicating species-specific differences in the type I IFN response of neurons between mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Lin
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuan-Ju Wu
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 23, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential 'human Borna disease' with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Kinnunen
- Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Herrel M, Hoefs N, Staeheli P, Schneider U. Tick-borne Nyamanini virus replicates in the nucleus and exhibits unusual genome and matrix protein properties. J Virol 2012; 86:10739-47. [PMID: 22837209 PMCID: PMC3457285 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00571-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne Nyamanini virus (NYMV) is the prototypic member of a recently discovered genus in the order Mononegavirales, designated Nyavirus. The NYMV genome codes for six distinct genes. Sequence similarity and structural properties suggest that genes 1, 5, and 6 encode the nucleoprotein (N), the glycoprotein (G), and the viral polymerase (L), respectively. The function of the other viral genes has been unknown to date. We found that the third NYMV gene codes for a protein which, when coexpressed with N and L, can reconstitute viral polymerase activity, suggesting that it represents a polymerase cofactor. The second viral gene codes for a small protein that inhibits viral polymerase activity and further strongly enhances the formation of virus-like particles when coexpressed with gene 4 and the viral glycoprotein G. This suggests that two distinct proteins serve a matrix protein function in NYMV as previously described for members of the family Filoviridae. We further found that NYMV replicates in the nucleus of infected cells like members of the family Bornaviridae. NYMV is a poor inducer of beta interferon, presumably because the viral genome is 5' monophosphorylated and has a protruding 3' terminus as observed for bornaviruses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NYMV possesses biological properties previously regarded as typical for filoviruses and bornaviruses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Herrel
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Heffels-Redmann U, Enderlein D, Herzog S, Piepenbring A, Bürkle M, Neumann D, Herden C, Lierz M. Follow-Up Investigations on Different Courses of Natural Avian Bornavirus Infections in Psittacines. Avian Dis 2012; 56:153-9. [DOI: 10.1637/9844-062811-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jacobsen B, Algermissen D, Schaudien D, Venner M, Herzog S, Wentz E, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Baumgärtner W, Herden C. Borna disease in an adult alpaca stallion (Lama pacos). J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:203-8. [PMID: 20153871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease (BD) was diagnosed in a 2-year-old male alpaca with a history of chronic suppressed sexual desire and acute stretching convulsions. Microscopical examination of the central nervous system revealed non-purulent meningoencephalitis with mononuclear perivascular cuffing. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of PCR products and alignment with known Borna disease virus sequences. Serological screening of the herd was performed. This is the first detailed report of naturally occurring BD in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Nishino Y, Ooishi R, Kurokawa S, Fujino K, Murakami M, Madarame H, Hashimoto O, Sugiyama K, Funaba M. Gene expression of the TGF-β family in rat brain infected with Borna disease virus. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:737-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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