1
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Teng D, Ueda K, Honda T. HAND2 suppresses favipiravir efficacy in treatment of Borna disease virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105812. [PMID: 38262560 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is a bornavirus prototype that infects the central nervous system of various animal species and can cause fatal encephalitis in various animals including humans. Among the reported anti-BoDV-1 treatments, favipiravir (T-705) is one of the best candidates since it has been shown to be effective in reducing various bornavirus titers in cell culture. However, T-705 effectiveness on BoDV-1 is cell type-dependent, and the molecular mechanisms that explain this cell type-dependent difference remain unknown. In this study, we noticed a fact that T-705 efficiently suppressed BoDV-1 in infected 293T cells, but not in infected SH-SY5Y cells, and sought to identify protein(s) responsible for this cell-type-dependent difference in T-705 efficacy. By comparing the transcriptomes of BoDV-1-infected 293T and SH-SY5Y cells, we identified heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 (HAND2) as a candidate involved in T-705 interference. HAND2 overexpression partly attenuated the inhibitory effect of T-705, whereas HAND2 knockdown enhanced this effect. We also demonstrated an interaction between T-705 and HAND2. Furthermore, T-705 impaired HAND2-mediated host gene expression. Because HAND2 is an essential transcriptional regulator of embryogenesis, T-705 may exhibit its adverse effects such as teratogenicity and embryotoxicity through the impairment of HAND2 function. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying T-705 interference in some cell types and inspires the development of improved T-705 derivatives for the treatment of RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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2
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Grosse L, Lieftüchter V, Vollmuth Y, Hoffmann F, Olivieri M, Reiter K, Tacke M, Heinen F, Borggraefe I, Osterman A, Forstner M, Hübner J, von Both U, Birzele L, Rohlfs M, Schomburg A, Böhmer MM, Ruf V, Cadar D, Muntau B, Pörtner K, Tappe D. First detected geographical cluster of BoDV-1 encephalitis from same small village in two children: therapeutic considerations and epidemiological implications. Infection 2023; 51:1383-1398. [PMID: 36821024 PMCID: PMC9947883 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-01998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is an emerging zoonotic virus causing severe and mostly fatal encephalitis in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS A local cluster of fatal BoDV-1 encephalitis cases was detected in the same village three years apart affecting two children. While the first case was diagnosed late in the course of disease, a very early diagnosis and treatment attempt facilitated by heightened awareness was achieved in the second case. Therapy started as early as day 12 of disease. Antiviral therapy encompassed favipiravir and ribavirin, and, after bioinformatic modelling, also remdesivir. As the disease is immunopathogenetically mediated, an intensified anti-inflammatory therapy was administered. Following initial impressive clinical improvement, the course was also fatal, although clearly prolonged. Viral RNA was detected by qPCR in tear fluid and saliva, constituting a possible transmission risk for health care professionals. Highest viral loads were found post mortem in the olfactory nerve and the limbic system, possibly reflecting the portal of entry for BoDV-1. Whole exome sequencing in both patients yielded no hint for underlying immunodeficiency. Full virus genomes belonging to the same cluster were obtained in both cases by next-generation sequencing. Sequences were not identical, indicating viral diversity in natural reservoirs. Specific transmission events or a common source of infection were not found by structured interviews. Patients lived 750m apart from each other and on the fringe of the settlement, a recently shown relevant risk factor. CONCLUSION Our report highlights the urgent necessity of effective treatment strategies, heightened awareness and early diagnosis. Gaps of knowledge regarding risk factors, transmission events, and tailored prevention methods become apparent. Whether this case cluster reflects endemicity or a geographical hot spot needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Grosse
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Victoria Lieftüchter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Children with Medical Complexity - iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Yannik Vollmuth
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Olivieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Reiter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Tacke
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Heinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Children with Medical Complexity - iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Borggraefe
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Children with Medical Complexity - iSPZ Hauner, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max-Von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Forstner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Hübner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich von Both
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Birzele
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80377, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Schomburg
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, LMU Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Merle M Böhmer
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dániel Cadar
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Muntau
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Pörtner
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Teng D, Ueda K, Honda T. Impact of Borna Disease Virus Infection on the Transcriptome of Differentiated Neuronal Cells and Its Modulation by Antiviral Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040942. [PMID: 37112922 PMCID: PMC10145824 DOI: 10.3390/v15040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is a highly neurotropic RNA virus that causes neurobehavioral disturbances such as abnormal social activities and memory impairment. Although impairments in the neural circuits caused by BoDV-1 infection induce these disturbances, the molecular basis remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether anti-BoDV-1 treatments can attenuate BoDV-1-mediated transcriptomic changes in neuronal cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of BoDV-1 infection on neuronal differentiation and the transcriptome of differentiated neuronal cells using persistently BoDV-1-infected cells. Although BoDV-1 infection did not have a detectable effect on intracellular neuronal differentiation processes, differentiated neuronal cells exhibited transcriptomic changes in differentiation-related genes. Some of these transcriptomic changes, such as the decrease in the expression of apoptosis-related genes, were recovered by anti-BoDV-1 treatment, while alterations in the expression of other genes remained after treatment. We further demonstrated that a decrease in cell viability induced by differentiation processes in BoDV-1-infected cells can be relieved with anti-BoDV-1 treatment. This study provides fundamental information regarding transcriptomic changes after BoDV-1 infection and the treatment in neuronal cells.
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Grants
- JP18H02664 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP18K19449 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP21H02738 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP22K19436 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- none Takeda Science Foundation
- none Kobayashi International Scholarship Foundation
- none Naito Foundation
- none Suzuken Memorial Foundation
- none SEI Group CSR Foundation
- none Ryobi Teien Memory Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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4
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Kanda T, Sakai M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Exogenous expression of both matrix protein and glycoprotein facilitates infectious viral particle production of Borna disease virus 1. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 35819821 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a non-segmented, negative-strand RNA virus that is characterized by persistent infection in the nucleus and low production of progeny virions. This feature impedes not only the harvesting of infectious viral particles from infected cells but also the rescue of high titres of recombinant BoDV-1 (rBoDV-1) by reverse genetics. Here, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of both matrix protein (M) and glycoprotein (G), which are constituents of the viral lipid envelope, significantly facilitates the formation of infectious particles and propagation of BoDV-1 without affecting its viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, simultaneous transfection of M and G expression plasmids with N, P and L helper plasmids by reverse genetics drastically enhances the rescue efficiency of rBoDV-1. On the other hand, we also show that overexpression of M induces obvious cytotoxicity similar to that of other Mononegaviruses. Together with our recent report showing that excess expression of G induces aberrant accumulation of immature G, a potential stimulator of the host innate immune response, it is conceivable that BoDV-1 may suppress excess expression of M and G to reduce the cytopathic effect, thereby leading to maintenance of persistent infection. Our results contribute not only to the establishment of an efficient method to recover high-titre BoDV-1 but also to understanding the unique mechanism of persistent BoDV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kanda
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institution for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Hirai Y, Tomonaga K, Horie M. Borna disease virus phosphoprotein triggers the organization of viral inclusion bodies by liquid-liquid phase separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:55-63. [PMID: 34606793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are characteristic biomolecular condensates organized by the non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the order Mononegavirales. Although recent studies have revealed the characteristics of IBs formed by cytoplasmic mononegaviruses, that of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a unique mononegavirus that forms IBs in the cell nucleus and establishes persistent infection remains elusive. Here, we characterize the IBs of BoDV-1 in terms of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The BoDV-1 phosphoprotein (P) alone induces LLPS and the nucleoprotein (N) is incorporated into the P droplets in vitro. In contrast, co-expression of N and P is required for the formation of IB-like structure in cells. Furthermore, while BoDV-1 P binds to RNA, an excess amount of RNA dissolves the liquid droplets formed by N and P in vitro. Notably, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of BoDV-1 P is essential to drive LLPS and to bind to RNA, suggesting that both abilities could compete with one another. These features are unique among mononegaviruses, and thus this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of LLPS-driven organization and RNA-mediated regulation of biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirai
- Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1, Kuzuha Hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (InFRONT), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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6
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Kanda T, Horie M, Komatsu Y, Tomonaga K. The Borna Disease Virus 2 (BoDV-2) Nucleoprotein Is a Conspecific Protein That Enhances BoDV-1 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Activity. J Virol 2021; 95:e0093621. [PMID: 34406860 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00936-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec) based on Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a promising viral vector that achieves stable and long-term gene expression in transduced cells. However, the onerous procedure of reverse genetics used to generate an REVec is one of the challenges that must be overcome to make REVec technologies practical for use. In this study, to resolve the problems posed by reverse genetics, we focused on BoDV-2, a conspecific virus of BoDV-1 in the Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus. We synthesized the BoDV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) according to the reference sequences and evaluated their effects on the RNA polymerase activity of the BoDV-1 large protein (L) and viral replication. In the minireplicon assay, we found that BoDV-2 N significantly enhanced BoDV-1 polymerase activity and that BoDV-2 P supported further enhancement of this activity by N. A single amino acid substitution assay identified serine at position 30 of BoDV-2 N and alanine at position 24 of BoDV-2 P as critical amino acid residues for the enhancement of BoDV-1 polymerase activity. In reverse genetics, conversely, BoDV-2 N alone was sufficient to increase the rescue efficiency of the REVec. We showed that the REVec can be rescued directly from transfected 293T cells by using BoDV-2 N as a helper plasmid without cocultivation with Vero cells and following several weeks of passage. In addition, a chimeric REVec harboring the BoDV-2 N produced much higher levels of transgene mRNA and genomic RNA than the wild-type REVec in transduced cells. Our results contribute to not only improvements to the REVec system but also to understanding of the molecular regulation of orthobornavirus polymerase activity. IMPORTANCE Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), a prototype virus of the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, is a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus that persists in the host nucleus. The nucleoprotein (N) of BoDV-1 encapsidates genomic and antigenomic viral RNA, playing important roles in viral transcription and replication. In this study, we demonstrated that the N of BoDV-2, another genotype in the species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus, can participate in the viral ribonucleoprotein complex of BoDV-1 and enhance the activity of BoDV-1 polymerase (L) in both the BoDV-1 minireplicon assay and reverse genetics system. Chimeric recombinant BoDV-1 expressing BoDV-2 N but not BoDV-1 N showed higher transcription and replication levels, whereas the propagation and infectious particle production of the chimeric virus were comparable to those of wild-type BoDV-1, suggesting that the level of viral replication in the nucleus is not directly involved in the progeny virion production of BoDVs. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism of bornaviral polymerase activity, which will contribute to further development of vector systems using orthobornaviruses.
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7
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Rubbenstroth D, Briese T, Dürrwald R, Horie 堀江真行 M, Hyndman TH, Kuhn JH, Nowotny N, Payne S, Stenglein MD, Tomonaga 朝長啓造 K, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34227935 PMCID: PMC8491894 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Bornaviridae produce enveloped virions containing a linear negative-sense non-segmented RNA genome of about 9 kb. Bornaviruses are found in mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. The most-studied viruses with public health and veterinary impact are Borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, both of which cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Several orthobornaviruses cause neurological and intestinal disorders in birds, mostly parrots. Endogenous bornavirus-like sequences occur in the genomes of various animals. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Bornaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/bornaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- NIH/NIAID/DCR/Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Keizō Tomonaga 朝長啓造
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Malbon AJ, Dürrwald R, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Kobera R, Pöhle D, Muluneh A, Dervas E, Cebra C, Steffen F, Paternoster G, Gerspach C, Hilbe M. New World camelids are sentinels for the presence of Borna disease virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:451-464. [PMID: 33501762 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease (BD), a frequently fatal neurologic disorder caused by Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), has been observed for decades in horses, sheep, and other mammals in certain regions of Europe. The bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) was identified as a persistently infected species involved in virus transmission. Recently, BoDV-1 attracted attention as a cause of fatal encephalitis in humans. Here, we report investigations on BoDV-1-infected llamas from a farm in a BD endemic area of Switzerland, and alpacas from holdings in a region of Germany where BD was last seen in the 1960s but not thereafter. All New World camelids showed apathy and abnormal behaviour, necessitating euthanasia. Histologically, severe non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with neuronal Joest-Degen inclusion bodies was observed. BoDV-1 was confirmed by immunohistology, RT-qPCR, and sequencing in selected animals. Analysis of the llama herd over 20 years showed that losses due to clinically suspected BD increased within the last decade. BoDV-1 whole-genome sequences from one Swiss llama and one German alpaca and-for comparison-from one Swiss horse and one German shrew were established. They represent the first published whole-genome sequences of BoDV-1 clusters 1B and 3, respectively. Our analysis suggests that New World camelids may have a role as a sentinel species for BoDV-1 infection, even when symptomatic cases are lacking in other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Malbon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Dietrich Pöhle
- Landesuntersuchungsanstalt für das Gesundheits- und Veterinärwesen Sachsen, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aemero Muluneh
- Landesuntersuchungsanstalt für das Gesundheits- und Veterinärwesen Sachsen, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Dervas
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Cebra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Frank Steffen
- Section of Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Paternoster
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerspach
- Farm Animal Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Li X, Xia Q, Meng C, Wu H, Huang H, Qian J, Li A, Zhai A, Kao W, Song W, Zhang F. Downregulation of SOCS gene expression can inhibit the formation of acute and persistent BDV infections. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12974. [PMID: 32910495 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High expression of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) has been detected during various viral infections. As a negative feedback regulator, SOCS participates in the regulation of multiple signalling pathways. In this study, to study the related mechanism between SOCS and BDV and to explore the effect of SOCS on IFN pathways in nerve cells, downregulated of SOCS1/3 in oligodendroglial (OL) cells and OL cells persistently infected with BDV (OL/BDV) were constructed with RNA interference technology. An interferon inducer (poly I:C, PIC) and an IFN-α/β R1 antibody were used as stimulation in the SOCS1/3 low-expression cell models, qRT-PCR was used to detect type I IFN and BDV nucleic acid expression, Western blot was used to detect the expression of BDV P40 protein. After BDV acute infection with OL cells which with downregulated SOCS expression, the virus accounting was not detected, and the viral protein expression was lower than that of OL/BDV cells; the OL/BDV cells with downregulated SOCS expression had lower virus nucleic acid and protein expression than OL/BDV cells. Stimulated by IFN-α/β R1 antibody, the expression of type I interferon in OL/BDV cells decreased, and the content of BDV nucleic acid and protein increased, which was higher than that of OL/BDV cells. From the results, it was concluded that downregulating SOCS1/3 can inhibit the formation of acute BDV infection and virus replication in persistent BDV infection by promoting the expression of IFN-α/β and that SOCS can be used as a new target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Basic Medicine Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Caiyun Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aimei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenping Kao
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wuqi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, The Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Kim KS, Yamamoto Y, Nakaoka S, Tomonaga K, Iwami S, Honda T. Modeling Borna Disease Virus In Vitro Spread Reveals the Mode of Antiviral Effect Conferred by an Endogenous Bornavirus-Like Element. J Virol 2020; 94:e01204-20. [PMID: 32817215 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01204-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses have demonstrated exaptation during long-term evolution with hosts, e.g., resulting in acquisition of antiviral effect on related extant viral infections. While empirical studies have found that an endogenous bornavirus-like element derived from viral nucleoprotein (itEBLN) in the ground squirrel genome shows antiviral effect on virus replication and de novo infection, the antiviral mechanism, dynamics, and quantitative effect of itEBLN remain unknown. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the dynamics of how an extant bornavirus, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), spreads and replicates in uninfected, BoDV-1-infected, and itEBLN-expressing cultured cells. Quantifying antiviral effect based on time course data sets, we found that the antiviral effects of itEBLN are estimated to be 75% and 34% on intercellular virus spread and intracellular virus replication, respectively. This discrepancy between intercellular virus spread and intracellular viral replication suggests that viral processes other than the replication of viral ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) contributed to the suppression of virus spread in itEBLN-expressing cells. Because itEBLN binds to the BoDV-1 RNP, the suppression of viral RNP trafficking can be an attractive candidate explaining this discrepancy.IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence suggests that some endogenous viral elements (EVEs), including endogenous retroviruses and endogenous nonretroviral virus elements, have acquired functions in the host as a result of long-term coevolution. Recently, an endogenous bornavirus-like element (itEBLN) found in the ground squirrel genome has been shown to have antiviral activity against exogenous bornavirus infection. In this study, we first quantified bornavirus spread in cultured cells and then calculated the antiviral activity of itEBLN on bornavirus infection. The calculated antiviral activity of itEBLN suggests its suppression of multiple processes in the viral life cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first study quantifying the antiviral activity of EVEs and speculating on a model of how some EVEs have acquired antiviral activity during host-virus arms races.
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11
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Lecollinet S, Pronost S, Coulpier M, Beck C, Gonzalez G, Leblond A, Tritz P. Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe? Viruses 2019; 12:E23. [PMID: 31878129 DOI: 10.3390/v12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent an important sanitary and economic threat for the equine industry worldwide. Among nervous diseases, viral encephalitis is of growing concern, due to the emergence of arboviruses and to the high contagiosity of herpesvirus-infected horses. The nature, severity and duration of the clinical signs could be different depending on the etiological agent and its virulence. However, definite diagnosis generally requires the implementation of combinations of direct and/or indirect screening assays in specialized laboratories. The equine practitioner, involved in a mission of prevention and surveillance, plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The general management of the horse is essentially supportive, focused on controlling pain and inflammation within the central nervous system, preventing injuries and providing supportive care. Despite its high medical relevance and economic impact in the equine industry, vaccines are not always available and there is no specific antiviral therapy. In this review, the major virological, clinical and epidemiological features of the main neuropathogenic viruses inducing encephalitis in equids in Europe, including rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae), Equid herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), Borna disease virus (Bornaviridae) and West Nile virus (Flaviviridae), as well as exotic viruses, will be presented.
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12
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Teng D, Obika S, Ueda K, Honda T. A Small Interfering RNA Cocktail Targeting the Nucleoprotein and Large Protein Genes Suppresses Borna Disease Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2781. [PMID: 31849913 PMCID: PMC6895540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Borna disease virus (BoDV-1)-related fatal encephalitis human cases have been reported, which highlights the potential of BoDV-1 to cause fatal human diseases. To protect the infected brain from lethal damage, it is critical to control BoDV-1 as quickly as possible. At present, antivirals against BoDV-1 are limited, and therefore, novel types of antivirals are needed. Here, we developed a novel treatment using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against BoDV-1. We screened several siRNAs targeting the viral N, M, and L genes for BoDV-1-reducing activity. Among the screened candidates, we chose two siRNAs that efficiently decreased the BoDV-1 load in persistently BoDV-1-infected cells to prepare a siRNA cocktail (TD-Borna) for BoDV-1 treatment. TD-Borna successfully reduced the BoDV-1 load without enhancing the risk of emergence of escape mutants. The combination of TD-Borna and T-705, a previously reported antiviral agent against bornaviruses, decreased the BoDV-1 load more efficiently than TD-Borna or T-705 alone. Furthermore, TD-Borna efficiently decreased the BoDV-1 load in BoDV-1-infected neuron-derived cells, in which T-705 did not decrease the viral load. Overall, we developed a novel antiviral candidate against BoDV-1, TD-Borna, that can be used in combination with T-705 and is effective against BoDV-1 in neuron-derived cells, in which T-705 is less effective. Considering that BoDV-1 is highly neurotropic, TD-Borna can offer a promising option to improve the outcome of BoDV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Obika
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Yamamoto Y, Tomonaga K, Honda T. Development of an RNA Virus-Based Episomal Vector Capable of Switching Transgene Expression. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2485. [PMID: 31781052 PMCID: PMC6851019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors are efficient gene delivery systems, although most of these vectors still present limitations to their practical use, such as achieving only transient transgene expression and a risk of insertional mutations. We have recently developed an RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec), based on nuclear-replicating Borna disease virus (BoDV). REVec can transduce transgenes into various types of cells and stably express transgenes; however, an obstacle to the practical use of REVec is the lack of a mechanism to turn off transgene expression once REVec is transduced. Here, we developed a novel REVec system, REVec-L2b9, in which transgene expression can be switched on and off by using a theophylline-dependent self-cleaving riboswitch. Transgene expression from REVec-L2b9 was suppressed in the absence of theophylline and induced by theophylline administration. Conversely, transgene expression from REVec-L2b9 was switched off by removing theophylline. To our knowledge, REVec-L2b9 is the first nuclear-replicating RNA virus vector capable of switching transgene expression on and off as needed, which will expand the potential for gene therapies by increasing safety and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Sun L, Guo Y, He P, Xu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Tang T, Zhou W, Xu P, Xie P. Genome-wide profiling of long noncoding RNA expression patterns and CeRNA analysis in mouse cortical neurons infected with different strains of borna disease virus. Genes Dis 2019; 6:147-58. [PMID: 31193942 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is neurotropic prototype of Bornaviruses causing neurological diseases and maintaining persistent infection in brain cells of mammalian species. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is transcript of more than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding function regulating various biological processes as proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and viral infection. However, regulatory of lncRNAs in BoDV-1 infection remains unknown. To identify differential expression profiles and predict functions of lncRNA in BoDV-1 infection, microarray data showed that 3528 lncRNAs and 2661 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in Strain V and Hu-H1 BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis suggested that differential lncRNAs may be involved in regulation of metabolic, biological regulation, cellular process, endocytosis, viral infections and cell adhesion processes, cancer in both BoDV-infected strains. ENSMUST00000128469 was found down-regulated in both BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups consistent with microarray (p < 0.05). ceRNA analysis indicated possible interaction networks as ENSMUST00000128469/miR-22-5p, miR-206-3p, miR-302b-5p, miR-302c-3p, miR-1a-3p/Igf1. Igf1 was found up-regulated in both BoDV-infected groups compared with control groups (p < 0.05). Possible functions of predicted target mRNAs and miRNAs of ENSMUST00000128469 were involved in cell proliferation, transcriptional misregulation and proteoglycan pathways enriched in cancer. lncRNA may be involved in regulation of Hu-H1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through NF-kB, JNK/MAPK signaling, BCL2 and CDK6/E2F1 pathways different from Strain V. Possible interaction networks as ENSMUST00000128469/miR-22-5p, miR-206-3p, miR-302b-5p, miR-302c-3p, miR-1a-3p/Igf1 may involve in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer.
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15
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Fujino K, Yamamoto Y, Daito T, Makino A, Honda T, Tomonaga K. Generation of a non-transmissive Borna disease virus vector lacking both matrix and glycoprotein genes. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:380-386. [PMID: 28776750 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV), a prototype of mammalian bornavirus, is a non-segmented, negative strand RNA virus that often causes severe neurological disorders in infected animals, including horses and sheep. Unique among animal RNA viruses, BoDV transcribes and replicates non-cytopathically in the cell nucleus, leading to establishment of long-lasting persistent infection. This striking feature of BoDV indicates its potential as an RNA virus vector system. It has previously been demonstrated by our team that recombinant BoDV (rBoDV) lacking an envelope glycoprotein (G) gene develops persistent infections in transduced cells without loss of the viral genome. In this study, a novel non-transmissive rBoDV, rBoDV ΔMG, which lacks both matrix (M) and G genes in the genome, is reported. rBoDV-ΔMG expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP), rBoDV ΔMG-GFP, was efficiently generated in Vero/MG cells stably expressing both BoDV M and G proteins. Infection with rBoDV ΔMG-GFP was persistently maintained in the parent Vero cells without propagation within cell culture. The optimal ratio of M and G for efficient viral particle production by transient transfection of M and G expression plasmids into cells persistently infected with rBoDV ΔMG-GFP was also demonstrated. These findings indicate that the rBoDV ΔMG-based BoDV vector may provide an extremely safe virus vector system and could be a novel strategy for investigating the function of M and G proteins and the host range of bornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Fujino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Japan
| | - Takuji Daito
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Honda
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Japan.,Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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16
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Matsunaga H, Tachibana M, Mohri I, Taniike M, Tomonaga K. Prevalence of antibodies against Borna disease virus proteins in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:473-476. [PMID: 29786872 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bornavirus infection is observed in both animals, including humans. However, bornavirus epidemiology in humans, especially in children, remains unclear. Here, we evaluated antibodies against bornaviruses in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting, and radio ligand assay. The prevalence of antibodies against bornavirus-specific speckles, N, and P proteins were 22%, 48%, and 33%, respectively, in the ASD children. According to our criteria, the prevalence of antibodies against bornaviruses was 7.4% in the ASD children. This is the first report of the serological prevalence of bornavirus in Japanese children. Our results provide valuable baseline-data regarding bornavirus epidemiology in children for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Honda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kozue Sofuku
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science (InFRONT), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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17
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Li C, Xu X, Zhang X, Cheng K, Guo Y, Jie J, Guo H, He Y, Zhou C, Gui S, Zhong X, Wang H, Xie P. Activation of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway involved in abnormal behavior of neonatally Borna virus-infected rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3121-3132. [PMID: 30532543 PMCID: PMC6247968 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s176399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders are devastating illnesses worldwide; however, the potential involvement of viruses in the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychiatric diseases have not been clearly elucidated. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, noncytopathic RNA virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we infected neonatal rats intracranially with BDV Hu-H1 and Strain V within 24 hours of birth. Psychological phenotypes were assessed using sucrose preference test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test. The protein expression of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway was assessed by Western blotting of in vitro and in vivo samples. RESULTS Hu-H1-infected rats showed anxiety-like behavior 8 weeks postinfection while Strain V-infected rats demonstrated a certain abnormal behavior. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in the hippocampi of Strain V- and Hu-H1-infected rats compared with control rats, indicating that Raf/MEK/ERK signaling was activated. CONCLUSION The data suggested that infection of neonatal rats with BDV Hu-H1 and Strain V caused behavioral abnormalities that shared common molecular pathways, providing preliminary evidences to investigate the underlying mechanisms of psychiatric disorders caused by BDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Yujie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Jie Jie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Yong He
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Siwen Gui
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China, .,Department of Neurology Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China, .,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,
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Honda T, Sofuku K, Kojima S, Yamamoto Y, Ohtaki N, Tomonaga K. Linkage between the leader sequence and leader RNA production in Borna disease virus-infected cells. Virology 2017; 510:104-10. [PMID: 28715652 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the non-segmented, negative-strand (NNS) RNA viral genome is called the leader sequence, and functions as the promoter for viral replication and transcription. NNS RNA viruses also use the sequence as a template to synthesize leader RNAs (leRNAs) with unknown functions. Borna disease virus (BDV) is unique because it establishes a persistent infection and replicates in the nucleus. No report has yet demonstrated the presence of leRNAs during BDV infection. Here, we report that BDV synthesizes leRNAs from the 3'-UTR of the genome. They started at position 5 in the 3'-UTR and ended by the transcription start signal of the nucleoprotein gene. The level of leRNA production is not correlated with the levels of viral replication and transcription. On the other hand, mutation of the 3'-UTR affects leRNA production. Our findings add a novel viral transcript to the BDV life cycle and shed light on BDV replication and/or transcription.
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19
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Yanai M, Sakai M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Dual function of the nuclear export signal of the Borna disease virus nucleoprotein in nuclear export activity and binding to viral phosphoprotein. Virol J 2017; 14:126. [PMID: 28693611 PMCID: PMC5504739 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borna disease virus (BoDV), which has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, causes persistent infection in the cell nucleus. The nuclear export signal (NES) of the viral nucleoprotein (N) consisting of leucine at positions 128 and 131 and isoleucine at positions 133 and 136 overlaps with one of two predicted binding sites for the viral phosphoprotein (P). A previous study demonstrated that higher expression of BoDV-P inhibits nuclear export of N; however, the function of N NES in the interaction with P remains unclear. We examined the subcellular localization, viral polymerase activity, and P-binding ability of BoDV-N NES mutants. We also characterized a recombinant BoDV (rBoDV) harboring an NES mutation of N. RESULTS BoDV-N with four alanine-substitutions in the leucine and isoleucine residues of the NES impaired its cytoplasmic localization and abolished polymerase activity and P-binding ability. Although an alanine-substitution at position 131 markedly enhanced viral polymerase activity as determined by a minigenome assay, rBoDV harboring this mutation showed expression of viral RNAs and proteins relative to that of wild-type rBoDV. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that BoDV-N NES has a dual function in BoDV replication, i.e., nuclear export of N and an interaction with P, affecting viral polymerase activity in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yanai
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Madoka Sakai
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA virus, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Viruses, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Formisano S, Hornig M, Yaddanapudi K, Vasishtha M, Parsons LH, Briese T, Lipkin WI, Williams BL. Central Nervous System Infection with Borna Disease Virus Causes Kynurenine Pathway Dysregulation and Neurotoxic Quinolinic Acid Production. J Virol 2017; 91:e00673-17. [PMID: 28446679 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00673-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system infection of neonatal and adult rats with Borna disease virus (BDV) results in neuronal destruction and behavioral abnormalities with differential immune-mediated involvement. Neuroactive metabolites generated from the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation have been implicated in several human neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report that brain expression of key enzymes in the kynurenine pathway are significantly, but differentially, altered in neonatal and adult rats with BDV infection. Gene expression analysis of rat brains following neonatal infection showed increased expression of kynurenine amino transferase II (KATII) and kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) enzymes. Additionally, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression was only modestly increased in a brain region- and time-dependent manner in neonatally infected rats; however, its expression was highly increased in adult infected rats. The most dramatic impact on gene expression was seen for KMO, whose activity promotes the production of neurotoxic quinolinic acid. KMO expression was persistently elevated in brain regions of both newborn and adult BDV-infected rats, with increases reaching up to 86-fold. KMO protein levels were increased in neonatally infected rats and colocalized with neurons, the primary target cells of BDV infection. Furthermore, quinolinic acid was elevated in neonatally infected rat brains. We further demonstrate increased expression of KATII and KMO, but not IDO, in vitro in BDV-infected C6 astroglioma cells. Our results suggest that BDV directly impacts the kynurenine pathway, an effect that may be exacerbated by inflammatory responses in immunocompetent hosts. Thus, experimental models of BDV infection may provide new tools for discriminating virus-mediated from immune-mediated impacts on the kynurenine pathway and their relative contribution to neurodegeneration.IMPORTANCE BDV causes persistent, noncytopathic infection in vitro yet still elicits widespread neurodegeneration of infected neurons in both immunoincompetent and immunocompetent hosts. Here, we show that BDV infection induces expression of key enzymes of the kynurenine pathway in brains of newborn and adult infected rats and cultured astroglioma cells, shunting tryptophan degradation toward the production of neurotoxic quinolinic acid. Thus, our findings newly implicate this metabolic pathway in BDV-induced neurodegeneration. Given the importance of the kynurenine pathway in a wide range of human infections and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, animal models of BDV infection may serve as important tools for contrasting direct viral and indirect antiviral immune-mediated impacts on kynurenine pathway dysregulation and the ensuing neurodevelopmental and neuropathological consequences.
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Shatizadeh-Malekshahi S, Ahmadkhaniha HR, Kiani SJ, Nejati A, Janani L, Yavarian J. No molecular evidence of Borna disease virus among schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients in Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9:112-118. [PMID: 29214003 PMCID: PMC5715276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Viruses have been suggested as one of the risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Among infectious agents Borna disease virus (BDV) has been known as a neurotropic virus which is able to cause neurological disorders in different animals. Recently there were controversial findings about BDV association with pathogenesis of human psychotic disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we performed a nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for detection of BDV P40 RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS Only one out of 120 (0.8 %) psychiatric patients and two samples (2.7%) in 75 HCs showed positive results. There were no significant molecular evidence of BDV infection in 120 psychotic patients (60 SC and 60 BD) and 75 matched HCs. CONCLUSION Our findings showed no association between BDV infection and pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders. This is an interesting issue given both the as yet un-clarified role of BDV in human mental disorders and addressing patients in the so far under-investigating Middle East era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Iran Mental Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nejati
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Jila Yavarian MD, PhD, Porsina Ave, Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Telefax: 00982188962343
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Takino T, Okamura T, Ando T, Hagiwara K. Change in the responsiveness of interferon-stimulated genes during early pregnancy in cows with Borna virus-1 infection. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:253. [PMID: 27842550 PMCID: PMC5109691 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Borna disease virus is a neurotropic pathogen and infects the central nervous system. This virus infected a variety of animal species including cows. The most of cows infected with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) exhibit subclinical infection without any neurological symptoms throughout their lifetime. We previously reported on the low conception rates in-seropositive cows. Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) plays an important role in stable fertilization, and is produced from the fetal side following embryo growth at 15–40 days of pregnancy. IFN-τ induces the expression of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 and Mx2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To understand the embryo growth and maternal reaction during early pregnancy in cows with BoDV-1 infection, we aimed to assess the gene expression of ISG15 and Mx2 from PBMCs in BoDV-1-seropositive cows. Results None of the cows showed any clinical and neurological symptoms. Among the cows that conceived, the expressions of the ISG15 and Mx2 genes were greater in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows than in the BoDV-1-seronegative cows; the difference was significant between the cows that conceived and those that did not (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of ISG15 and Mx2 genes during early pregnancy significantly increased in the BoDV-1-seropositive cows and may be important for the maintenance of stable pregnancy in BoDV-1-infected cows. In contrast, the gene expression levels of ISG15 and Mx2 did not significantly increase during early pregnancy in BoDV-1-seronegative cows. Thus, BoDV-1 infection may lead to instability in the maintenance of early pregnancy by interfering with INF-τ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Takino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Scientific Feed Laboratory Co., Ltd., 3-5 Miyahara, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Taku Okamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Veterinary Clinical Center, NOSAI Hokkaido, Ishikari district, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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McHugh JM, de Kloet SR. Discrepancy in the diagnosis of avian Borna disease virus infection of Psittaciformes by protein analysis of feather calami and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of plasma antibodies. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:150-8. [PMID: 25701023 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715571358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study compares diagnosis of avian Borna disease virus (ABV) infection of psittacine birds by Western blot of bornaviral proteins in dried feather stems with the detection of anti-bornaviral protein antibodies to bornaviral proteins in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection of ABV proteins P40 and P24 in feather calami by Western blotting was possible even after storage of the dried feathers for several years at ambient temperature. Serological identification of anti-bornaviral antibodies may fail (e.g., in young birds, hatched from infected parents), whereas bornaviral P40 and P24 proteins were detected in feather stems. This failure can last at least 10 months after the birds are hatched. In some older birds (>5 years), ABV protein was only detectable in the brain, but not in some peripheral tissues, suggesting that the immune system had succeeded in removing the infecting ABV from tissues outside the brain. These results show that a combination of feather stem analysis for the presence of bornaviral proteins by Western blot combined with serological detection of anti-bornaviral antibodies by ELISA is the most reliable procedure for the detection of a bornaviral infection.
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Bourg M, Herzog S, Encarnação JA, Nobach D, Lange-Herbst H, Eickmann M, Herden C. Bicolored white-toothed shrews as reservoir for borna disease virus, Bavaria, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2064-6. [PMID: 24274262 PMCID: PMC3840852 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.131076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Liu X, Zhao L, Yang Y, Bode L, Huang H, Liu C, Huang R, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang L, Liu S, Zhou J, Li X, He T, Cheng Z, Xie P. Human borna disease virus infection impacts host proteome and histone lysine acetylation in human oligodendroglia cells. Virology 2014; 464-465:196-205. [PMID: 25086498 PMCID: PMC7112117 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Borna disease virus (BDV) replicates in the nucleus and establishes persistent infections in mammalian hosts. A human BDV strain was used to address the first time, how BDV infection impacts the proteome and histone lysine acetylation (Kac) of human oligodendroglial (OL) cells, thus allowing a better understanding of infection-driven pathophysiology in vitro. Methods Proteome and histone lysine acetylation were profiled through stable isotope labeling for cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics. The quantifiable proteome was annotated using bioinformatics. Histone acetylation changes were validated by biochemistry assays. Results Post BDV infection, 4383 quantifiable differential proteins were identified and functionally annotated to metabolism pathways, immune response, DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Sixteen of the thirty identified Kac sites in core histones presented altered acetylation levels post infection. Conclusions BDV infection using a human strain impacted the whole proteome and histone lysine acetylation in OL cells. A human strain of BDV (BDV Hu-H1) was used to infect human oligodendroglial cells (OL cells). This study is the first to reveal the host proteomic and histone Kac profiles in BDV-infected OL cells. BDV infection affected the expression of many transcription factors and several HATs and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yongtao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liv Bode
- Bornavirus Research Group affiliated to the Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rongzhong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tieming He
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Liu X, Yang Y, Zhao M, Bode L, Zhang L, Pan J, Lv L, Zhan Y, Liu S, Zhang L, Wang X, Huang R, Zhou J, Xie P. Proteomics reveal energy metabolism and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction perturbation in human Borna disease virus Hu-H1-infected oligodendroglial cells. Neuroscience 2014; 268:284-96. [PMID: 24637096 PMCID: PMC7116963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A human strain of BDV (BDV Hu-H1) was used to infect human oligodendroglial cells (OL cells). Energy metabolism was the most significantly altered pathway in BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells. The Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade was significantly perturbed in BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells. BDV Hu-H1caused constitutive activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, but cell proliferation was down-regulated at the same time. BDV Hu-H1 manages to down-regulate cell proliferation, in the presence of activated but not translocated ERK–RSK complex.
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, non-cytolytic RNA virus which replicates in the cell nucleus targeting mainly hippocampal neurons, but also astroglial and oligodendroglial cells in the brain. BDV is associated with a large spectrum of neuropsychiatric pathologies in animals. Its relationship to human neuropsychiatric illness still remains controversial. We could recently demonstrate that human BDV strain Hu-H1 promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in a human oligodendroglial cell line (OL cells) whereas laboratory BDV strain V acted contrariwise. Here, differential protein expression between BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells and non-infected OL cells was assessed through a proteomics approach, using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 63 differential host proteins were identified in BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells compared to non-infected OL cells. We found that most changes referred to alterations related to the pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glycolysis /gluconeogenesis. By manual querying, two differential proteins were found to be associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction. Five key signaling proteins of this pathway (i.e., p-Raf, p-MEK, p-ERK1/2, p-RSK, and p-MSK) were selected for Western blotting validation. p-ERK1/2 and p-RSK were found to be significantly up-regulated, and p-MSK was found to be significantly down-regulated in BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells compared to non-infected OL cell. Although BDV Hu-H1 constitutively activated the ERK–RSK pathway, host cell proliferation and nuclear translocation of activated pERK in BDV Hu-H1-infected OL cells were impaired. These findings indicate that BDV Hu-H1 infection of human oligodendroglial cells significantly perturbs host energy metabolism, activates the downstream ERK–RSK complex of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade, and disturbs host cell proliferation possibly through impaired nuclear translocation of pERK, a finding which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - M Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Bode
- Bornavirus Research Group affiliated to the Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Lv
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - R Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wensman JJ, Jäderlund KH, Holst BS, Berg M. Borna disease virus infection in cats. Vet J 2014; 201:142-9. [PMID: 24480411 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bornaviruses are known to cause neurological disorders in a number of animal species. Avian Bornavirus (ABV) causes proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in birds and Borna disease virus (BDV) causes Borna disease in horses and sheep. BDV also causes staggering disease in cats, characterised by ataxia, behavioural changes and loss of postural reactions. BDV-infection markers in cats have been reported throughout the world. This review summarizes the current knowledge of Borna disease viruses in cats, including etiological agent, clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology and diagnostics, with comparisons to Bornavirus infections in other species.
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Li Y, Song W, Wu J, Zhang Q, He J, Li A, Qian J, Zhai A, Hu Y, Kao W, Wei L, Zhang F, Xu D. MAVS-mediated host cell defense is inhibited by Borna disease virus. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1546-55. [PMID: 23702035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Viruses often have strategies for preventing host cell apoptosis, which antagonizes viral replication. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic RNA virus that establishes a non-cytolytic persistent infection. Although BDV suppresses type I Interferon (IFN) through (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK-1) associated BDV P protein, it is still unclear how BDV can survive in the host cell and establish a persistent infection. Recently, it has been recognized that mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway is a crucial component of the innate immune response. In this work we show that BDV X protein colocalizes and interacts with MAVS in the mitochondria to block programmed cell death. BDV X protein-mediated inhibition of apoptosis was independent of type I IFN production and NF-κB activity. The reduction of BDV X expression with RNA interference (RNAi) or the mutation of BDV X enhanced MAVS-induced cell death. Collectively, our data provide novel insights into how BDV X protein inhibits antiviral-associated programmed cell death, through its action of MAVS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Song JW, Na KS, Tae SH, Kim YK. Borna disease virus antibody and RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of race horses and jockeys in Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2011; 8:58-60. [PMID: 21519538 PMCID: PMC3079187 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2011.8.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the last two decades, Borna disease virus (BDV) has received much attention as a possible zoonotic agent, particularly as a cause of psychiatric disease. Although several studies have shown that BDV is present in Asia, BDV has not been detected in Korea. This study was designed to further investigate the presence of BDV infection in Korea. METHODS Blood samples were taken from 39 race horses and 48 jockeys. Antibody to BDV was detected by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and RNA of BDV by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR). RESULTS No evidence of BDV was detected in either the horses or the jockeys group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BDV infection may not be endemic in Korea. Further studies with novel diagnostic tools are required to clarify the prevalence of BDV infection in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Tae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Na KS, Tae SH, Song JW, Kim YK. Failure to detect borna disease virus antibody and RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:306-12. [PMID: 20140130 PMCID: PMC2808801 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Borna disease virus (BDV) is a highly neurotropic agent causing various neuropsychiatric symptoms in animals. Over the past two decades, it has been suggested that BDV might be associated with human psychiatric diseases. We aimed to investigate whether BDV is associated with psychiatric patients in Korea. METHODS We recruited 60 normal controls and 198 psychiatric patients (98 patients with depressive disorder, 60 with schizophrenia, and 40 with bipolar disorder). We used an indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test for the BDV antibody and a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay for p24 and p40 RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Neither the BDV antibody nor p24, p40 RNA was detected in controls and patients groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BDV might not be associated with psychiatric patients in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Tae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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