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Duan T, Zhao J, Zhu L. Insights into CO 2 and N 2O emissions driven by applying biochar and nitrogen fertilizers in upland soil. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172439. [PMID: 38621540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Biochar and soil carbon sequestration hold promise in mitigating global warming by storing carbon in the soil. However, the interaction between biochar properties, soil carbon-nitrogen cycling, and nitrogen fertilizer application's impact on soil carbon-nitrogen balance remained unclear. Herein, we conducted batch experiments to study the effects and mechanisms of rice straw biochar application (produced at 300, 500, and 700 °C) on net greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4) in upland soils under different forms of nitrogen fertilizers. The findings revealed that (NH4)2SO4 and urea significantly elevated soil carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, ranging from 28 to 61.7 kg CO2e/ha and 8.2 to 37.7 kg CO2e/ha, respectively. Conversely, KNO3 reduced soil CO2e emissions, ranging from 2.2 to 13.6 kg CO2e/ha. However, none of these three nitrogen forms exhibited a significant effect on CH4 emissions. The pyrolysis temperature of biochar was found negatively correlated with soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The alkaline substances presented in biochar pyrolyzed at 500-700 °C raised soil pH, increased the ratio of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria, and enhanced the relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Moreover, the co-application of KNO3 based nitrogen fertilizer and biochar increased the total carbon/inorganic nitrogen ratio and reduces the relative abundance of Nitrospirae. This series of reactions led to a significant increase in soil DOC content, meanwhile reduced soil CO2 emissions, and inhibited the nitrification process and decreased the emission of soil N2O. This study provided a scientific basis for the rational application of biochar in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Duan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Govednik A, Eler K, Mihelič R, Suhadolc M. Mineral and organic fertilisation influence ammonia oxidisers and denitrifiers and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term tillage experiment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 928:172054. [PMID: 38569950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from different agricultural systems have been studied extensively to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. While a number of long-term field experiments have focused on individual agricultural practices in relation to N2O emissions, studies on the combined effects of multiple practices are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of different tillage [no-till (NT) vs. conventional plough tillage (CT)] in combination with fertilisation [mineral (MIN), compost (ORG), and unfertilised control (CON)] on seasonal N2O emissions and the underlying N-cycling microbial community in one maize growing season. Rainfall events after fertilisation, which resulted in increased soil water content, were the main triggers of the observed N2O emission peaks. The highest cumulative emissions were measured in MIN fertilisation, followed by ORG and CON fertilisation. In the period after the first fertilisation CT resulted in higher cumulative emissions than NT, while no significant effect of tillage was observed cumulatively across the entire season. A higher genetic potential for N2O emissions was observed under NT than CT, as indicated by an increased (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio. The mentioned ratio under NT decreased in the order CON > MIN > ORG, indicating a higher N2O consumption potential in the NT-ORG treatment, which was confirmed in terms of cumulative emissions. The AOB/16S ratio was strongly affected by fertilisation and was higher in the MIN than in the ORG and CON treatments, regardless of the tillage system. Multiple regression has revealed that this ratio is one of the most important variables explaining cumulative N2O emissions, possibly reflecting the role of bacterial ammonia oxidisers in minerally fertilised soil. Although the AOB/16S ratio aligned well with the measured N2O emissions in our experimental field, the higher genetic potential for denitrification expressed by the (nirK + nirS)/(nosZI + nosZII) ratio in NT than CT was not realized in the form of increased emissions. Our results suggest that organic fertilisation in combination with NT shows a promising combination for mitigating N2O emissions; however, addressing the yield gap is necessary before incorporating it in recommendations for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Govednik
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Eler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Mihelič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Suhadolc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Agronomy Department, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Sang J, Zhao Y, Shen Y, Shurpali NJ, Li Y. Optimizing irrigation and nitrogen addition to balance grassland biomass production with greenhouse gas emissions: A mesocosm study. Environ Res 2024; 249:118387. [PMID: 38336162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a balance between greenhouse gas mitigation and biomass production in grasslands necessitates optimizing irrigation frequency and nitrogen addition, which significantly influence grassland productivity and soil nitrous oxide emissions, and consequently impact the ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange. This study aimed to elucidate these influences using a controlled mesocosm experiment where bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) was cultivated under varied irrigation frequencies (daily and every 6 days) with (100 kg ha-1) or without nitrogen addition; measurements of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange, ecosystem respiration, soil respiration, and nitrous oxide emissions across two cutting events were performed as well. The findings revealed a critical interaction between water-filled pore space, regulated by irrigation, and nitrogen availability, with the latter exerting a more substantial influence on aboveground biomass growth and ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange than water availability. Moreover, the total dry matter was significantly higher with nitrogen addition compared to without nitrogen addition, irrespective of the irrigation frequency. In contrast, soil nitrous oxide emissions were observed to be significantly higher with increased irrigation frequency and nitrogen addition. The effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration components appeared to depend on water availability, with autotrophic respiration seeing a significant rise with nitrogen addition under limited irrigation (5.4 ± 0.6 μmol m-2 s-1). Interestingly, the lower irrigation frequency did not result in water stress, suggesting resilience in bermudagrass. These findings highlight the importance of considering interactions between irrigation and nitrogen addition to optimize water and nitrogen input in grasslands for a synergistic balance between grassland biomass production and greenhouse gas emission mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Qingyang National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Qingyang National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yuying Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Qingyang National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Narasinha J Shurpali
- Grasslands and Sustainable Farming, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Halolantie 31A, Kuopio, FI-71750, Finland
| | - Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Qingyang National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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Schön J, Gentsch N, Breunig P. Cover crops support the climate change mitigation potential of agroecosystems. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302139. [PMID: 38717995 PMCID: PMC11078372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cover crops have the potential to mitigate climate change by reducing negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystems. This study is first to quantify the net climate change mitigation impact of cover crops including land-use effects. A systematic literature and data review was conducted to identify major drivers for climate benefits and costs of cover crops in maize (Zea maize L.) production systems. The results indicate that cover crops lead to a net climate change mitigation impact (NCCMI) of 3.30 Mg CO2e ha-1 a-1. We created four scenarios with different impact weights of the drivers and all of them showing a positive NCCMI. Carbon land benefit, the carbon opportunity costs based on maize yield gains following cover crops, is the major contributor to the NCCMI (34.5% of all benefits). Carbon sequestration is the second largest contributor (33.8%). The climate costs of cover crops are mainly dominated by emissions from their seed production and foregone benefits due to land use for cover crops seeds. However, these two costs account for only 15.8% of the benefits. Extrapolating these results, planting cover crops before all maize acreage in the EU results in a climate change mitigation of 49.80 million Mg CO2e a-1, which is equivalent to 13.0% of the EU's agricultural emissions. This study highlights the importance of incorporating cover crops into sustainable cropping systems to minimize the agricultural impact to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schön
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Triesdorf, Germany
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Institute of Earth System Science, Section Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Breunig
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Triesdorf, Germany
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Li Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Ren L, Wang Z, Liao Y, Yong T. Global synthesis on the response of soil microbial necromass carbon to climate-smart agriculture. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17302. [PMID: 38699927 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer-reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%-67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year-1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ji C, Wang J, Xu C, Gu Y, Yuan J, Liang D, Wang L, Ning Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Amendment of straw with decomposing inoculants benefits the ecosystem carbon budget and carbon footprint in a subtropical wheat cropping field. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171419. [PMID: 38442752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of straw with decomposing inoculants into soils has been widely recommended to sustain agricultural productivity. However, comprehensive analyses assessing the effects of straw combined with decomposing inoculants on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, net primary production (NPP), the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB), and the carbon footprint (CF) in farmland ecosystems are scant. Here, we carried out a 2-year field study in a wheat cropping system with six treatments: rice straw (S), a straw-decomposing Bacillus subtilis inoculant (K), a straw-decomposing Aspergillus oryzae inoculant (Q), a combination of straw and Bacillus subtilis inoculant (SK), a combination of straw and Aspergillus oryzae inoculant (SQ), and a control with no rice straw or decomposing inoculant (Control). We found that all the treatments resulted in a positive NECB ranging between 838 and 5065 kg C ha-1. Relative to the Control, the S treatment increased CO2 emissions by 16%, while considerably enhancing the NECB by 349%. This difference might be attributed to the straw C input and an increase in plant productivity (NPP, 30%). More importantly, in comparison to that in S, the NECB in SK and SQ significantly increased by 27-35% due to the positive response of NPP to the decomposing inoculants. Although the combination of straw and decomposing inoculants yielded a 3% increase in indirect GHG emissions, it also exhibited the lowest CF (0.18 kg CO2-eq kg-1 of grain). This result was attributed to the synergistic effects of straw and decomposing inoculants, which reduced direct N2O emissions and increased wheat productivity. Overall, the findings of the present study suggested that the combined amendment of straw and decomposing inoculants is an environmentally sustainable management practice in wheat cropping systems that can generate win-win scenarios through improvements in soil C stock, crop productivity, and GHG mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yian Gu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dong Liang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunwang Ning
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Li H, Song X, Wu D, Wei D, Li Y, Ju X. Partial substitution of manure increases N 2O emissions in the alkaline soil but not acidic soils. J Environ Manage 2024; 359:120993. [PMID: 38688131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The fertilization regimes of combining manure with synthetic fertilizer are benefits for crop yields and soil fertility in cropping systems as compared to sole synthetic fertilization, but the responses of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to these practices are inconsistent in the literatures. We hypothesized that it is caused by different proportions of nitrogen (N) applied as manure and various soil properties. Here, we conducted a microcosm experiment, and measured the N2O emissions from control (no N) and five manure substitution treatments (supplied 100 mg N kg-1 using the combination of urea with manure) with a range of proportions of N applied as manure (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in three different soil types (fluvo-aquic soil, black soil, and latosol) under aerobic condition. The stimulated effect on N2O emissions was more pronounced after manure application in an alkaline soil with high nitrification rate, due to relatively rapid soil DOC depletion and N mineralization of manure. N2O emissions from partial substitution of urea with manure were significantly higher than manure-only addition under high soil pH due to abundant labile C from manure. However, there was no difference between manure substitution treatments under acid soils. Nitrification inhibitor substantially decreased N2O emissions with increasing soil pH, but it was less effective in mitigating N2O emissions with larger proportion of manure. This is likely due to the slow nitrification under low soil pH, and denitrification derived N2O increased with increasing manure application rate. Collectively, our study shows that the application of manure substitution to alkaline soils requires careful consideration, which might have rapid nitrification potential and hence trigger significant N2O emissions. The knowledge gained in this work will help the decision-makers in optimizing a sound N fertilization regime interacted with soil properties for sustainable crop production and N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoruo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Lussich F, Dhaliwal JK, Faiia AM, Jagadamma S, Schaeffer SM, Saha D. Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8437. [PMID: 38600170 PMCID: PMC11006885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2O and CO2 emissions from 15N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels. Irrespective of cover crop type, mixing cover crop residue with N fertilizer resulted in high cumulative N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions. In the absence of cover crop residues, the N fertilizer effect of N2O was only realized under 80% WFPS, whereas it was comparable to the control under 50% WFPS. The N2O peaks under 50% WFPS coincided with soil O2 depletion and concomitant high CO2 emissions when cover crop residues were mixed with N fertilizer. While N fertilizer largely contributed to the total N2O emissions from the cover crop treatments, soil organic matter and/or cover crop residue derived N2O had a greater contribution under 50% than 80% WFPS. Our results underscore the importance of N2O emissions from cover crop-based fertilized systems under relatively lower WFPS via a mechanism of respiration-induced anoxia and highlight potential risks of underestimating N2O emissions under sole reliance on WFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Lussich
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Anthony M Faiia
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sindhu Jagadamma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Debasish Saha
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Wang C, Kuzyakov Y. Rhizosphere engineering for soil carbon sequestration. Trends Plant Sci 2024; 29:447-468. [PMID: 37867041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is the central hotspot of water and nutrient uptake by plants, rhizodeposition, microbial activities, and plant-soil-microbial interactions. The plasticity of plants offers possibilities to engineer the rhizosphere to mitigate climate change. We define rhizosphere engineering as targeted manipulation of plants, soil, microorganisms, and management to shift rhizosphere processes for specific aims [e.g., carbon (C) sequestration]. The rhizosphere components can be engineered by agronomic, physical, chemical, biological, and genomic approaches. These approaches increase plant productivity with a special focus on C inputs belowground, increase microbial necromass production, protect organic compounds and necromass by aggregation, and decrease C losses. Finally, we outline multifunctional options for rhizosphere engineering: how to boost C sequestration, increase soil health, and mitigate global change effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Nilsson J, Ernfors M, Prade T, Hansson PA. Cover crop cultivation strategies in a Scandinavian context for climate change mitigation and biogas production - Insights from a life cycle perspective. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170629. [PMID: 38320700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cover crop cultivation can be a vital strategy for mitigating climate change in agriculture, by increasing soil carbon stocks and resource efficiency within the cropping system. Another mitigation option is to harvest the cover crop and use the biomass to replace greenhouse gas-intensive products, such as fossil fuels. Harvesting cover crop biomass could also reduce the risk of elevated N2O emissions associated with cover crop cultivation under certain conditions, which would offset much of the mitigation potential. However, harvesting cover crops also reduces soil carbon sequestration potential, as biomass is removed from the field, and cultivation of cover crops requires additional field operations that generate greenhouse gas emissions. To explore these synergies and trade-offs, this study investigated the life cycle climate effect of cultivating an oilseed radish cover crop under different management strategies in southern Scandinavia. Three alternative scenarios (Incorporation of biomass into soil; Mowing and harvesting aboveground biomass; Uprooting and harvesting above- and belowground biomass) were compared with a reference scenario with no cover crop. Harvested biomass in the Mowing and Uprooting scenarios was assumed to be transported to a biogas plant for conversion to upgraded biogas, with the digestate returned to the field as an organic fertiliser for the subsequent crop. The climate change mitigation potential of cover crop cultivation was found to be 0.056, 0.58 and 0.93 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 in the Incorporation, Mowing and Uprooting scenario, respectively. The Incorporation scenario resulted in the highest soil carbon sequestration, but also the greatest soil N2O emissions. Substitution of fossil diesel showed considerable mitigation potential, especially in the Uprooting scenario, where biogas production was highest. Sensitivity analysis revealed a strong impact of time of cover crop establishment, with earlier establishment leading to greater biomass production and thus greater mitigation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Nilsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Thomas Prade
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Fendrich AN, Ciais P, Panagos P, Martin P, Carozzi M, Guenet B, Lugato E. Including land management in a European carbon model with lateral transfer to the oceans. Environ Res 2024; 245:118014. [PMID: 38151146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of cover crops (CCs) is a promising cropland management practice with multiple benefits, notably in reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, the current ability to represent these factors in land surface models remains limited to small scales or simplified and lumped approaches due to the lack of a sediment-carbon erosion displacement scheme. This precludes a thorough understanding of the consequences of introducing a CC into agricultural systems. In this work, this problem was addressed in two steps with the spatially distributed CE-DYNAM model. First, the historical effect of soil erosion, transport, and deposition on the soil carbon budget at a continental scale in Europe was characterized since the early industrial era, using reconstructed climate and land use forcings. Then, the impact of two distinct policy-oriented scenarios for the introduction of CCs were evaluated, covering the European cropping systems where surface erosion rates or nitrate susceptibility are critical. The evaluation focused on the increase in SOC storage and the export of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the oceans, compiling a continental-scale carbon budget. The results indicated that Europe exported 1.95 TgC/year of POC to the oceans in the last decade, and that CCs can contribute to reducing this amount while increasing SOC storage. Compared to the simulation without CCs, the additional rate of SOC storage induced by CCs peaked after 10 years of their adoption, followed by a decrease, and the cumulative POC export reduction stabilized after around 13 years. The findings indicate that the impacts of CCs on SOC and reduced POC export are persistent regardless of their spatial allocation adopted in the scenarios. Together, the results highlight the importance of taking the temporal aspect of CC adoption into account and indicate that CCs alone are not sufficient to meet the targets of the 4‰ initiative. Despite some known model limitations, which include the lack of feedback of erosion on the net primary productivity and the representation of carbon fluxes with an emulator, the current work constitutes the first approach to successfully couple a distributed routing scheme of eroded carbon to a land carbon model emulator at a reasonably high resolution and continental scale. SHORT ABSTRACT: A spatially distributed model coupling erosion, transport, and deposition to the carbon cycle was developed. Then, it was used to simulate the impact of cover crops on both erosion and carbon, to show that cover crops can simultaneously increase organic carbon storage and reduce particulate organic carbon export to the oceans. The results seemed persistent regardless of the spatial distribution of cover crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Fendrich
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SAD-APT, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Philippe Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SAD-APT, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Carozzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SAD-APT, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- LG-ENS (Laboratoire de géologie) - CNRS UMR 8538 - École normale supérieure, PSL University - IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Lugato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy.
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12
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Li L, Hong M, Zhang Y, Paustian K. Soil N 2 O emissions from specialty crop systems: A global estimation and meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17233. [PMID: 38469991 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) exacerbates the greenhouse effect and thus global warming. Agricultural management practices, especially the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and irrigation, increase soil N2 O emissions. As a vital sector of global agriculture, specialty crop systems usually require intensive input and management. However, soil N2 O emissions from global specialty crop systems have not been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we synthesized 1137 observations from 114 published studies, conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of agricultural management and environmental factors on soil N2 O emissions, and estimated global soil N2 O emissions from specialty crop systems. The estimated global N2 O emission from specialty crop soils was 1.5 Tg N2 O-N year-1 , ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 Tg N2 O-N year-1 . Globally, soil N2 O emissions exponentially increased with N fertilizer rates. The effect size of N fertilizer on soil N2 O emissions generally increased with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and soil organic carbon concentration but decreased with soil pH. Global climate change will further intensify the effect of N fertilizer on soil N2 O emissions. Drip irrigation, fertigation, and reduced tillage can be used as essential strategies to reduce soil N2 O emissions and increase crop yields. Deficit irrigation and non-legume cover crop can reduce soil N2 O emissions but may also lower crop yields. Biochar may have a relatively limited effect on reducing soil N2 O emissions but be effective in increasing crop yields. Our study points toward effective management strategies that have substantial potential for reducing N2 O emissions from global agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Li
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mu Hong
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith Paustian
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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13
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Beerling DJ, Epihov DZ, Kantola IB, Masters MD, Reershemius T, Planavsky NJ, Reinhard CT, Jordan JS, Thorne SJ, Weber J, Val Martin M, Freckleton RP, Hartley SE, James RH, Pearce CR, DeLucia EH, Banwart SA. Enhanced weathering in the US Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319436121. [PMID: 38386712 PMCID: PMC10907306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319436121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from a large-scale replicated EW field trial across a typical maize-soybean rotation on an experimental farm in the heart of the United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). We show an average combined loss of major cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) from crushed basalt applied each fall over 4 y (50 t ha-1 y-1) gave a conservative time-integrated cumulative CDR potential of 10.5 ± 3.8 t CO2 ha-1. Maize and soybean yields increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 12 to 16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Yield enhancements with EW were achieved with significantly (P < 0.05) increased key micro- and macronutrient concentrations (including potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc), thus improving or maintaining crop nutritional status. We observed no significant increase in the content of trace metals in grains of maize or soybean or soil exchangeable pools relative to controls. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals while simultaneously improving food and soil security.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beerling
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitar Z. Epihov
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Ilsa B. Kantola
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michael D. Masters
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Tom Reershemius
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Noah J. Planavsky
- Yale Center for Natural Carbon Capture, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Christopher T. Reinhard
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | | | - Sarah J. Thorne
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - James Weber
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Freckleton
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Sue E. Hartley
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael H. James
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Evan H. DeLucia
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Steven A. Banwart
- Global Food and Environment Institute, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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14
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Don A, Seidel F, Leifeld J, Kätterer T, Martin M, Pellerin S, Emde D, Seitz D, Chenu C. Carbon sequestration in soils and climate change mitigation-Definitions and pitfalls. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e16983. [PMID: 37905459 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The term carbon (C) sequestration has not just become a buzzword but is something of a siren's call to scientific communicators and media outlets. Carbon sequestration is the removal of C from the atmosphere and the storage, for example, in soil. It has the potential to partially compensate for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and is, therefore, an important piece in the global climate change mitigation puzzle. However, the term C sequestration is often used misleadingly and, while likely unintentional, can lead to the perpetuation of biased conclusions and exaggerated expectations about its contribution to climate change mitigation efforts. Soils have considerable potential to take up C but many are also in a state of continuous loss. In such soils, measures to build up soil C may only lead to a reduction in C losses (C loss mitigation) rather than result in real C sequestration and negative emissions. In an examination of 100 recent peer-reviewed papers on topics surrounding soil C, only 4% were found to have used the term C sequestration correctly. Furthermore, 13% of the papers equated C sequestration with C stocks. The review, further, revealed that measures leading to C sequestration will not always result in climate change mitigation when non-CO2 greenhouse gases and leakage are taken into consideration. This paper highlights potential pitfalls when using the term C sequestration incorrectly and calls for accurate usage of this term going forward. Revised and new terms are suggested to distinguish clearly between C sequestration in soils, SOC loss mitigation, negative emissions, climate change mitigation, SOC storage, and SOC accrual to avoid miscommunication among scientists and stakeholder groups in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Don
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix Seidel
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Leifeld
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kätterer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - David Emde
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daria Seitz
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claire Chenu
- Ecosys, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
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15
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McClelland SC, Woolf D. Sensationalized soil carbon sequestration estimates excuse further climate inaction. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17012. [PMID: 37965766 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C McClelland
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dominic Woolf
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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16
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You Y, Tian H, Pan S, Shi H, Lu C, Batchelor WD, Cheng B, Hui D, Kicklighter D, Liang XZ, Li X, Melillo J, Pan N, Prior SA, Reilly J. Net greenhouse gas balance in U.S. croplands: How can soils be part of the climate solution? Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17109. [PMID: 38273550 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural soils play a dual role in regulating the Earth's climate by releasing or sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and emitting non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2 O) and methane (CH4 ). To understand how agricultural soils can play a role in climate solutions requires a comprehensive assessment of net soil GHG balance (i.e., sum of SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions) and the underlying controls. Herein, we used a model-data integration approach to understand and quantify how natural and anthropogenic factors have affected the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of the net soil GHG balance in U.S. croplands during 1960-2018. Specifically, we used the dynamic land ecosystem model for regional simulations and used field observations of SOC sequestration rates and N2 O and CH4 emissions to calibrate, validate, and corroborate model simulations. Results show that U.S. agricultural soils sequestered13.2 ± 1.16 $$ 13.2\pm 1.16 $$ Tg CO2 -C year-1 in SOC (at a depth of 3.5 m) during 1960-2018 and emitted0.39 ± 0.02 $$ 0.39\pm 0.02 $$ Tg N2 O-N year-1 and0.21 ± 0.01 $$ 0.21\pm 0.01 $$ Tg CH4 -C year-1 , respectively. Based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon), the estimated national net GHG emission rate from agricultural soils was122.3 ± 11.46 $$ 122.3\pm 11.46 $$ Tg CO2 -eq year-1 , with the largest contribution from N2 O emissions. The sequestered SOC offset ~28% of the climate-warming effects resulting from non-CO2 GHG emissions, and this offsetting effect increased over time. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use was the dominant factor contributing to the increase in net GHG emissions during 1960-2018, explaining ~47% of total changes. In contrast, reduced cropland area, the adoption of agricultural conservation practices (e.g., reduced tillage), and rising atmospheric CO2 levels attenuated net GHG emissions from U.S. croplands. Improving management practices to mitigate N2 O emissions represents the biggest opportunity for achieving net-zero emissions in U.S. croplands. Our study highlights the importance of concurrently quantifying SOC-sequestered CO2 and non-CO2 GHG emissions for developing effective agricultural climate change mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa You
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shufen Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Lu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Bo Cheng
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Kicklighter
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jerry Melillo
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naiqing Pan
- Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability (CES3), Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen A Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - John Reilly
- Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Kazimierczuk K, Barrows SE, Olarte MV, Qafoku NP. Decarbonization of Agriculture: The Greenhouse Gas Impacts and Economics of Existing and Emerging Climate-Smart Practices. ACS Eng Au 2023; 3:426-442. [PMID: 38144676 PMCID: PMC10739617 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased focus on the potential to mitigate emissions through climate-smart agricultural practices, including regenerative, digital, and controlled environment farming systems. The effectiveness of these solutions largely depends on their ability to address environmental concerns, generate economic returns, and meet supply chain needs. In this Review, we summarize the state of knowledge on the GHG impacts and profitability of these three existing and emerging farming systems. Although we find potential for CO2 mitigation in all three approaches (depending on site-specific and climatic factors), we point to the greater level of research covering the efficacy of regenerative and digital agriculture in tackling non-CO2 emissions (i.e., N2O and CH4), which account for the majority of agriculture's GHG footprint. Despite this greater research coverage, we still find significant methodological and data limitations in accounting for the major GHG fluxes of these practices, especially the lifetime CH4 footprint of more nascent climate-smart regenerative agriculture practices. Across the approaches explored, uncertainties remain about the overall efficacy and persistence of mitigation-particularly with respect to the offsetting of soil carbon sequestration gains by N2O emissions and the lifecycle emissions of controlled environment agriculture systems compared to traditional systems. We find that the economic feasibility of these practices is also system-specific, although regenerative agriculture is generally the most accessible climate-smart approach. Robust incentives (including carbon credit considerations), investments, and policy changes would make these practices more financially accessible to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kazimierczuk
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sarah E. Barrows
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mariefel V. Olarte
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolla P. Qafoku
- Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 99195, United States
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18
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He Z, Ding B, Pei S, Cao H, Liang J, Li Z. The impact of organic fertilizer replacement on greenhouse gas emissions and its influencing factors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:166917. [PMID: 37704128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Although organic fertilizers played an important role in enhancing crop yield and soil quality, the effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remained inconsistent, and further impeding the widespread adoption of organic fertilizers. Therefore, a global meta-analysis used 568 comparisons from 137 publications was conducted to evaluate the responses of GHG emissions to organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers. The results indicated that organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers significantly decreased N2O emissions, but increasing global warming potential (GWP) by enhancing CH4 and CO2 emissions. When replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, a variety of factors such as climate conditions, soil conditions, crop types and agricultural practices influenced the GHG emissions and GWP. Among these factors, fertilizer organic C and available N level were the main factors affecting GHG and GWP. However, considering the feasibility and ease of optimizing these factors, fertilizer organic C, C/N and N substitution rate showed a more favorable choice for GWP reduction, and their interactions significantly affecting GWP. Moreover, considering the distinct GHG emissions patterns in dryland and paddy field, the analysis of optimizing GWP based on fertilizer organic C, C/N and N substitution rate was separately conducted. According to the simulation optimization, the optimal combination of fertilizer organic C (137.2-228.8 g·kg-1), C/N (6.9-52.0) and N substitution rate (20.0-22.5 %) effectively suppressed the extent of increase in GWP in paddy field compared with chemical fertilizers. In dryland, optimizing fertilizer organic C (100-278 g·kg-1), C/N (70.7-76.6) and N substitution rate (10.2-16.0 %) led to a reduction in GWP compared with chemical fertilizers, indicating that dryland are more suitable for promoting organic fertilizer application. In conclusion, this meta-analysis study quantitatively assessed the GHG emissions when organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers, and also provided a scientific basis for the mitigation of GHG emissions by organic fertilizers management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Bangxin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuyao Pei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongxia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiaping Liang
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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19
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Feng R, Li Z. Current investigations on global N 2O emissions and reductions: Prospect and outlook. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122664. [PMID: 37813141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions merit scrutiny, because N2O is the third most important greenhouse gas for global warming and the predominant ozone-depleting substance in this century. Here we recapitulate global natural and anthropogenic N2O sources, comprehensively depict global sectoral human-induced N2O emissions by country, thoroughly survey all existing approaches for mitigating human-induced N2O emissions, preview the economic costs and social benefits from abating N2O emissions, and summarize roadblocks for achieving its emission reductions. From 1970 to 2018, the annual global anthropogenic N2O emissions increased by 64%-about 3.6 teragrams (Tg); agricultural sources primarily accounted for 78% of this increment. We find the social benefits from reducing N2O emissions override the economic costs for abatements, only except precision farming for agricultural sources and replacement by Xe for anesthetic, thus justifying the motivation for crafting policies to limit its emissions. Net zero N2O emissions cannot be achieved via applying current technologies and breeding N2O-reducing microbes is a potential method to accrue N2O sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
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20
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Olesen JE, Rees RM, Recous S, Bleken MA, Abalos D, Ahuja I, Butterbach-Bahl K, Carozzi M, De Notaris C, Ernfors M, Haas E, Hansen S, Janz B, Lashermes G, Massad RS, Petersen SO, Rittl TF, Scheer C, Smith KE, Thiébeau P, Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Thorman RE, Topp CFE. Challenges of accounting nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural crop residues. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6846-6855. [PMID: 37800369 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are important inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and thus directly and indirectly affect nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions. As the current inventory methodology considers N inputs by crop residues as the sole determining factor for N2 O emissions, it fails to consider other underlying factors and processes. There is compelling evidence that emissions vary greatly between residues with different biochemical and physical characteristics, with the concentrations of mineralizable N and decomposable C in the residue biomass both enhancing the soil N2 O production potential. High concentrations of these components are associated with immature residues (e.g., cover crops, grass, legumes, and vegetables) as opposed to mature residues (e.g., straw). A more accurate estimation of the short-term (months) effects of the crop residues on N2 O could involve distinguishing mature and immature crop residues with distinctly different emission factors. The medium-term (years) and long-term (decades) effects relate to the effects of residue management on soil N fertility and soil physical and chemical properties, considering that these are affected by local climatic and soil conditions as well as land use and management. More targeted mitigation efforts for N2 O emissions, after addition of crop residues to the soil, are urgently needed and require an improved methodology for emission accounting. This work needs to be underpinned by research to (1) develop and validate N2 O emission factors for mature and immature crop residues, (2) assess emissions from belowground residues of terminated crops, (3) improve activity data on management of different residue types, in particular immature residues, and (4) evaluate long-term effects of residue addition on N2 O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE UMR, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marina A Bleken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ishita Ahuja
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Marco Carozzi
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara De Notaris
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services Division, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Edwin Haas
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Sissel Hansen
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Baldur Janz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Raia S Massad
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tatiana F Rittl
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Thiébeau
- INRAE, FARE UMR, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
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21
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Zhao Y, Zhang A, Zhu X, Han J, Li P, Shen X, Huang S, Jin X, Chen S, Chen J, Liu J, Liu H, Hussain Q, Chen D. Comparative biotic and abiotic effects on greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems: application of straw or biochar? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:112307-112320. [PMID: 37831243 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Farmland has become a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and research has shown that the addition of straw or biochar may be a viable method for mitigating these emissions. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the comparative biotic and abiotic effects of straw and biochar amendments on GHG emissions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of 100 published papers to quantify the impact of straw and biochar application on GHG emissions. Our findings indicate that straw application significantly increased CO2 and CH4 emissions from agricultural ecosystems by 46.2% and 113.5%, respectively, but did not have a significant effect on N2O emissions. Conversely, biochar amendment significantly reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions by an average of 11.0%, 31.7%, and 22.8%, respectively. We also found that straw and biochar amendments increased soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and C/N ratio, and there were significant differences between them. Moreover, straw application significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content and microbial quotient by 37.1% and 20.1%, respectively, while biochar application increased the MBC content by 25.0% without a significant effect on the microbial quotient. Furthermore, both straw and biochar applications promoted the nitrification process and increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by 50.7% with straw and by 57.5% and 75.1% with biochar for ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and AOB, respectively. The denitrification process was also stimulated by straw or biochar amendment, resulting in an increase in the abundance of nirK by 22.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Biochar amendment additionally increased the abundance of nosZ by 29.4%, indicating that the main reason for reducing N2O emissions through biochar application is the conversion of NO3--N to N2. Thus, compared to straw application, biochar application is a more effective method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Afeng Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangle Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayong Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Helei Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qaiser Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, P.O BOX. 46300, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - De Chen
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Almaraz M, Simmonds M, Boudinot FG, Di Vittorio AV, Bingham N, Khalsa SDS, Ostoja S, Scow K, Jones A, Holzer I, Manaigo E, Geoghegan E, Goertzen H, Silver WL. Soil carbon sequestration in global working lands as a gateway for negative emission technologies. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5988-5998. [PMID: 37476859 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing climate crisis merits an urgent need to devise management approaches and new technologies to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG) in the near term. However, each year that GHG concentrations continue to rise, pressure mounts to develop and deploy atmospheric CO2 removal pathways as a complement to, and not replacement for, emissions reductions. Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) practices in working lands provide a low-tech and cost-effective means for removing CO2 from the atmosphere while also delivering co-benefits to people and ecosystems. Our model estimates suggest that, assuming additive effects, the technical potential of combined SCS practices can provide 30%-70% of the carbon removal required by the Paris Climate Agreement if applied to 25%-50% of the available global land area, respectively. Atmospheric CO2 drawdown via SCS has the potential to last decades to centuries, although more research is needed to determine the long-term viability at scale and the durability of the carbon stored. Regardless of these research needs, we argue that SCS can at least serve as a bridging technology, reducing atmospheric CO2 in the short term while energy and transportation systems adapt to a low-C economy. Soil C sequestration in working lands holds promise as a climate change mitigation tool, but the current rate of implementation remains too slow to make significant progress toward global emissions goals by 2050. Outreach and education, methodology development for C offset registries, improved access to materials and supplies, and improved research networks are needed to accelerate the rate of SCS practice implementation. Herein, we present an argument for the immediate adoption of SCS practices in working lands and recommendations for improved implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Almaraz
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - F Garrett Boudinot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Nina Bingham
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sat Darshan S Khalsa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven Ostoja
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- USDA California Climate Hub, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Iris Holzer
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Erin Manaigo
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Emily Geoghegan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Heath Goertzen
- Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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23
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Smerald A, Rahimi J, Scheer C. A global dataset for the production and usage of cereal residues in the period 1997-2021. Sci Data 2023; 10:685. [PMID: 37813901 PMCID: PMC10562449 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop residue management plays an important role in determining agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and related changes in soil carbon stocks. However, no publicly-available global dataset currently exists for how crop residues are managed. Here we present such a dataset, covering the period 1997-2021, on a 0.5° resolution grid. For each grid cell we estimate the total production of residues from cereal crops, and determine the fraction of residues (i) used for livestock feed/bedding, (ii) burnt on the field, (iii) used for other off-field purposes (e.g. domestic fuel, construction or industry), and (iv) left on the field. This dataset is the first of its kind, and can be used for multiple purposes, such as global crop modelling, including the calculation of greenhouse gas inventories, estimating crop-residue availability for biofuel production or modelling livestock feed availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Smerald
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Jaber Rahimi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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24
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Shang S, Song M, Wang C, Dou X, Wang J, Liu F, Zhu C, Wang S. Decrease of nitrogen cycle gene abundance and promotion of soil microbial-N saturation restrain increases in N 2O emissions in a temperate forest with long-term nitrogen addition. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139378. [PMID: 37419152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Increases in soil available nitrogen (N) influence N-cycle gene abundances and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is primarily due to N-induced soil acidification in forest. Moreover, the extent of microbial-N saturation could control microbial activity and N2O emission. The contributions of N-induced alterations of microbial-N saturation and N-cycle gene abundances to N2O emission have rarely been quantified. Here, the mechanism underlying N2O emission under N additions (three chemical forms of N, i.e., NO3--N, NH4+-N and NH4NO3-N, and each at two rates, 50 and 150 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively) spanning 2011-2021 was investigated in a temperate forest in Beijing. Results showed N2O emissions increased at both low and high N rates of all the three forms compared with control during the whole experiment. However, N2O emissions were lower in high rate of NH4NO3-N and NH4+-N treatments than the corresponding low N rates in the recent three years. Effects of N on microbial-N saturation and abundances of N-cycle genes were dependent on the N rate and form as well as experimental time. Specifically, negative effects of N on N-cycle gene abundances and positive effects of N on microbial-N saturation were demonstrated in high N rate treatments, particularly with NH4+ addition during 2019-2021. Such effects were associated with soil acidification. A hump-backed trend between microbial-N saturation and N2O emissions was observed, suggesting N2O emissions decreased with increase of the microbial-N saturation. Furthermore, N-induced decreases in N-cycle gene abundances restrained N2O emissions. In particular, the nitrification process, dominated by ammonia-oxidize archaea, is critical to determination of N2O emissions in response to the N addition in the temperate forest. We confirmed N addition promoted soil microbial-N saturation and reduced N-cycle gene abundances, which restrained the continuous increase in N2O emissions. It is important for understanding the forest-N-microbe nexus under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Shang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Minghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A11, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaomin Dou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenying Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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25
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Ogle SM, Breidt FJ, Del Grosso S, Gurung R, Marx E, Spencer S, Williams S, Manning D. Counterfactual scenarios reveal historical impact of cropland management on soil organic carbon stocks in the United States. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14564. [PMID: 37666947 PMCID: PMC10477333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural climate solutions provide opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the United States is among a growing number of countries promoting storage of carbon in agricultural soils as part of the climate solution. Historical patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes provide context about mitigation potential. Therefore, our objective was to quantify the influence of climate-smart soil practices on SOC stock changes in the top 30 cm of mineral soils for croplands in the United States using the DayCent Ecosystem Model. We estimated that SOC stocks increased annually in US croplands from 1995 to 2015, with the largest increase in 1996 of 16.6 Mt C (95% confidence interval ranging from 6.1 to 28.2 Mt CO2 eq.) and the lowest increase in 2015 of 10.6 Mt C (95% confidence interval ranging from - 1.8 to 22.2 Mt C). Most climate-smart soil practices contributed to increases in SOC stocks except for winter cover crops, which had a negligible impact due to a relatively small area with cover crop adoption. Our study suggests that there is potential for enhancing C sinks in cropland soils of the United States although some of the potential has been realized due to past adoption of climate-smart soil practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ogle
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - F Jay Breidt
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80253, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, 55 East Monroe Street, Chicago, IL, 60603, USA
| | - Stephen Del Grosso
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, SMSBRU, Fort Collins, CO, 80256, USA
| | - Ram Gurung
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ernie Marx
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Shannon Spencer
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Stephen Williams
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dale Manning
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80253, USA
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26
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Peltokangas K, Kalu S, Huusko K, Havisalmi J, Heinonsalo J, Karhu K, Kulmala L, Liski J, Pihlatie M. Ligneous amendments increase soil organic carbon content in fine-textured boreal soils and modulate N2O emissions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284092. [PMID: 37561746 PMCID: PMC10414678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic soil amendments are used to improve soil quality and mitigate climate change. However, their effects on soil structure, nutrient and water retention as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the residual effects of a single field application of four ligneous soil amendments on soil structure and GHG emissions. We conducted a laboratory incubation experiment using soil samples collected from an ongoing soil-amendment field experiment at Qvidja Farm in south-west Finland, two years after a single application of four ligneous biomasses. Specifically, two biochars (willow and spruce) produced via slow pyrolysis, and two mixed pulp sludges from paper industry side-streams were applied at a rate of 9-22 Mg ha-1 mixed in the top 0.1 m soil layer. An unamended fertilized soil was used as a control. The laboratory incubation lasted for 33 days, during which the samples were kept at room temperature (21°C) and at 20%, 40%, 70% or 100% water holding capacity. Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes were measured periodically after 1, 5, 12, 20 and 33 days of incubation. The application of ligneous soil amendments increased the pH of the sampled soils by 0.4-0.8 units, whereas the effects on soil organic carbon content and soil structure varied between treatments. The GHG exchange was dominated by CO2 emissions, which were mainly unaffected by the soil amendment treatments. The contribution of soil CH4 exchange was negligible (nearly no emissions) compared to soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The soil N2O emissions exhibited a positive exponential relationship with soil moisture. Overall, the soil amendments reduced N2O emissions on average by 13%, 64%, 28%, and 37%, at the four soil moisture levels, respectively. Furthermore, the variation in N2O emissions between the amendments correlated positively with their liming effect. More specifically, the potential for the pulp sludge treatments to modulate N2O emissions was evident only in response to high water contents. This tendency to modulate N2O emissions was attributed to their capacity to increase soil pH and influence soil processes by persisting in the soil long after their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Peltokangas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Subin Kalu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Huusko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jimi Havisalmi
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Karhu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kulmala
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Liski
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Luo L, Wang J, Lv J, Liu Z, Sun T, Yang Y, Zhu YG. Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11357-11372. [PMID: 37493521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon (C)-rich material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited environments, has been proposed as one of the most promising materials for C sequestration and climate mitigation in soil. The C sequestration contribution of biochar hinges not only on its fused aromatic structure but also on its abiotic and biotic reactions with soil components across its entire life cycle in the environment. For instance, minerals and microorganisms can deeply participate in the mineralization or complexation of the labile (soluble and easily decomposable) and even recalcitrant fractions of biochar, thereby profoundly affecting C cycling and sequestration in soil. Here we identify five key issues closely related to the application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and review its outstanding advances. Specifically, the terms use of biochar, pyrochar, and hydrochar, the stability of biochar in soil, the effect of biochar on the flux and speciation changes of C in soil, the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by biochar production and soil application, and the application barriers of biochar in soil are expounded. By elaborating on these critical issues, we discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding and application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and provide outlooks for future research directions. We suggest that combining the mechanistic understanding of biochar-to-soil interactions and long-term field studies, while considering the influence of multiple factors and processes, is essential to bridge these knowledge gaps. Further, the standards for biochar production and soil application should be widely implemented, and the threshold values of biochar application in soil should be urgently developed. Also needed are comprehensive and prospective life cycle assessments that are not restricted to soil C sequestration and account for the contributions of contamination remediation, soil quality improvement, and vegetation C sequestration to accurately reflect the total benefits of biochar on C sequestration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Liu Q, Yan C, Wu Q, Gong D, He W, Liu H, Wang J, Mei X. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and improved yield by plastic mulching in rice production. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:162984. [PMID: 36963692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil mulching technologies are effective practices which alleviate non-point source pollution and carbon emissions, while ensuring grain production security and increasing water productivity. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of the impacts of mulching technologies on rice fields has hindered progress in global implementation due to the varying environments and application conditions under which they are implemented. This study conducted a meta-analysis based on 2412 groups of field experiment data from 313 studies to evaluate the effects of soil mulching methods on rice production, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water use efficiency. The results show that plastic mulching, straw mulching and no mulching (PM, SM and NM) have reduced CH4 emissions (68.8 %, 61.4 % and 57.2 %), increased N2O emissions (84.8 %, 89.1 % and 96.6 %), reduced global warming potentials (50.7 %, 47.5 % and 46.8 %) and improved water use efficiency (50.2 %, 40.9 % and 34.0 %) compared with continuous flooding irrigation. However, PM increased rice yield (1.6 %), while SM and NM decreased yield (4.3 % and 9.2 %). Furthermore, analysis using random forest models revealed that rice yield, GHG emissions and WUE response to soil mulching were related to climate, soil properties, fertilizer and rice varieties. Our findings can guide the implementation of plastic mulching technology in priority areas, contribute to agricultural carbon neutrality and support the development of practical guidelines for farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihe Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Qin Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Changrong Yan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Qiu Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Daozhi Gong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Wenqing He
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010010, PR China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Development Center of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology of Jalaid, Inner Mongolia 137600, PR China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Berhanu Y, Nigussie A, Jifar AA, Ahmed M, Biresaw A, Mamuye M, Fite A, Dume B. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from coffee agroforestry systems with different intensities of canopy closure. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162821. [PMID: 36921873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry-based coffee production systems (AFs) contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. However, it is unclear whether AFs produce lower nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions than the open-shade coffee production system. In addition, little to no evidence is available to explain the relationship between canopy cover levels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in AFs. The aim of this study was to investigate N2O, CH4 and yield-scaled emissions in AFs with differing shade-tree canopy levels. Three canopy cover levels were identified: (i) dense shade (80 % canopy closure), (ii) medium shade (49 % canopy closure), and (iii) open-shade (full sun) production. To determine the effect of canopy cover on GHG emissions under varying soil fertility management practices, three soil fertilization strategies were included: (i) mineral fertilizer, (ii) compost, and (iii) control (i.e., without soil amendment). The results showed that N2O emissions were two-to-three times greater when there was dense canopy cover than from open-shade production. The effect of canopy cover on N2O emission was more pronounced under the mineral fertilizer treatment. CH4 emissions were 44-64 % greater under the open-shade production system than under AFs. The yield-scaled global warming potential of 1 kg of fresh coffee cherries was 0.72 kg CO2eq for open-shade production, 0.58 kg CO2eq for medium canopy cover and 0.52 kg CO2eq for dense canopy cover. This study provides the first evidence of the importance of considering canopy cover intensity when determining the spatial-temporal variations in GHG emissions from agroforestry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yericho Berhanu
- Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdo Aba Jifar
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Milkyas Ahmed
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Armaye Biresaw
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Mamuye
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Fite
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bayu Dume
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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Qin Z, Guan K, Zhou W, Peng B, Tang J, Jin Z, Grant R, Hu T, Villamil MB, DeLucia E, Margenot AJ, Umakant M, Chen Z, Coppess J. Assessing long-term impacts of cover crops on soil organic carbon in the central US Midwestern agroecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2572-2590. [PMID: 36764676 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cover crops have been reported as one of the most effective practices to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) for agroecosystems. Impacts of cover crops on SOC change vary depending on soil properties, climate, and management practices, but it remains unclear how these control factors affect SOC benefits from cover crops, as well as which management practices can maximize SOC benefits. To address these questions, we used an advanced process-based agroecosystem model, ecosys, to assess the impacts of winter cover cropping on SOC accumulation under different environmental and management conditions. We aimed to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent do cover crops benefit SOC accumulation, and how do SOC benefits from cover crops vary with different factors (i.e., initial soil properties, cover crop types, climate during the cover crop growth period, and cover crop planting and terminating time)? (2) How can we enhance SOC benefits from cover crops under different cover crop management options? Specifically, we first calibrated and validated the ecosys model at two long-term field experiment sites with SOC measurements in Illinois. We then applied the ecosys model to six cover crop field experiment sites spanning across Illinois to assess the impacts of different factors on SOC accumulation. Our modeling results revealed the following findings: (1) Growing cover crops can bring SOC benefits by 0.33 ± 0.06 MgC ha-1 year-1 in six cover crop field experiment sites across Illinois, and the SOC benefits are species specific to legume and non-legume cover crops. (2) Initial SOC stocks and clay contents had overall small influences on SOC benefits from cover crops. During the cover crop growth period (i.e., winter and spring in the US Midwest), high temperature increased SOC benefits from cover crops, while the impacts from larger precipitation on SOC benefits varied field by field. (3) The SOC benefits from cover crops can be maximized by optimizing cover crop management practices (e.g., selecting cover crop types and controlling cover crop growth period) for the US Midwestern maize-soybean rotation system. Finally, we discussed the economic and policy implications of adopting cover crops in the US Midwest, including that current economic incentives to grow cover crops may not be sufficient to cover costs. This study systematically assessed cover crop impacts for SOC change in the US Midwest context, while also demonstrating that the ecosys model, with rigorous validation using field experiment data, can be an effective tool to guide the adaptive management of cover crops and quantify SOC benefits from cover crops. The study thus provides practical tools and insights for practitioners and policy-makers to design cover crop related government agricultural policies and incentive programs for farmers and agri-food related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qin
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Wang Zhou
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Peng
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinyun Tang
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tongxi Hu
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - María B Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan DeLucia
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew J Margenot
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mishra Umakant
- Sandia National Laboratories California, Computational Biology & Biophysics, California, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, USA
| | - Zhangliang Chen
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Coppess
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, Urbana, USA
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Moinet GYK, Hijbeek R, van Vuuren DP, Giller KE. Carbon for soils, not soils for carbon. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2384-2398. [PMID: 36644803 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a 'win-win' solution to both climate change and food insecurity receives an increasing promotion. The opportunity may be too good to be missed! Yet the tremendous complexity of the two issues at stake calls for a detailed and nuanced examination of any potential solution, no matter how appealing. Here, we critically re-examine the benefits of global SOC sequestration strategies on both climate change mitigation and food production. While estimated contributions of SOC sequestration to climate change vary, almost none take SOC saturation into account. Here, we show that including saturation in estimations decreases any potential contribution of SOC sequestration to climate change mitigation by 53%-81% towards 2100. In addition, reviewing more than 21 meta-analyses, we found that observed yield effects of increasing SOC are inconsistent, ranging from negative to neutral to positive. We find that the promise of a win-win outcome is confirmed only when specific land management practices are applied under specific conditions. Therefore, we argue that the existing knowledge base does not justify the current trend to set global agendas focusing first and foremost on SOC sequestration. Away from climate-smart soils, we need a shift towards soil-smart agriculture, adaptative and adapted to each local context, and where multiple soil functions are quantified concurrently. Only such comprehensive assessments will allow synergies for land sustainability to be maximised and agronomic requirements for food security to be fulfilled. This implies moving away from global targets for SOC in agricultural soils. SOC sequestration may occur along this pathway and contribute to climate change mitigation and should be regarded as a co-benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renske Hijbeek
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef P van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ken E Giller
- Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Jones K, Nowak A, Berglund E, Grinnell W, Temu E, Paul B, Renwick LL, Steward P, Rosenstock TS, Kimaro AA. Evidence supports the potential for climate-smart agriculture in Tanzania. Global Food Security 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kan ZR, Zhou J, Li FM, Sheteiwy MS, Qi J, Chen C, Yang H. Straw incorporation interacting with earthworms mitigates N 2O emissions from upland soil in a rice-wheat rotation system. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160338. [PMID: 36414051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intensive attentions have been paid to the positive effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) production under straw return or the presence of earthworms. Straw return as a sustainable practice can promote earthworm growth, how the interactions between straw and earthworms affect N2O production is still not well known. A split-plot field experiment (straw return as main plot and earthworm addition as subplot) was performed to quantify the interactive effects of straw and earthworm on N2O emissions from a wheat field and to determine the underlying mechanisms from nitrification and denitrification processes. The results showed that straw return significantly increased N2O emissions by 41.0 % under no earthworm addition but decreased it by 19.0 % under earthworm addition compared with straw removal (P < 0.05). The significant interaction between straw and earthworm benefits the mitigation of N2O emissions. Random forest model showed that denitrification and nitrification were dominant processes to affect N2O emissions at the jointing and booting growth stages of wheat, respectively. The interaction between straw and earthworm significantly decreased the abundances of N2O-producing bacterial genes such as nirS and nirK at the jointing stages, and AOB at the booting stages. The contrasting mechanisms in regulating N2O emissions at different growth stages should be considered in nitrogen recycling models to accurately predict available N and N2O dynamics. Our findings suggest that N2O emissions under straw return can be weakened with the increasing earthworm populations under the scenario of widely used conservation practices (e.g., straw return and no-till) due to significant interaction between straw and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Kan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jianying Qi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Changqing Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haishui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Derrien D, Barré P, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Chabbi A, Crème A, Fontaine S, Henneron L, Janot N, Lashermes G, Quénéa K, Rees F, Dignac MF. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 36777236 PMCID: PMC9901420 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Abad Chabbi
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Crème
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- USC ECODIV-Rouen 7603, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Janot
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Neal AL, Barrat HA, Bacq-Lebreuil A, Qin Y, Zhang X, Takahashi T, Rubio V, Hughes D, Clark IM, Cárdenas LM, Gardiner LJ, Krishna R, Glendining ML, Ritz K, Mooney SJ, Crawford JW. Arable soil nitrogen dynamics reflect organic inputs via the extended composite phenotype. Nat Food 2023; 4:51-60. [PMID: 37118575 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Achieving food security requires resilient agricultural systems with improved nutrient-use efficiency, optimized water and nutrient storage in soils, and reduced gaseous emissions. Success relies on understanding coupled nitrogen and carbon metabolism in soils, their associated influences on soil structure and the processes controlling nitrogen transformations at scales relevant to microbial activity. Here we show that the influence of organic matter on arable soil nitrogen transformations can be decoded by integrating metagenomic data with soil structural parameters. Our approach provides a mechanistic explanation of why organic matter is effective in reducing nitrous oxide losses while supporting system resilience. The relationship between organic carbon, soil-connected porosity and flow rates at scales relevant to microbes suggests that important increases in nutrient-use efficiency could be achieved at lower organic carbon stocks than currently envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Neal
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK.
| | - Harry A Barrat
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK
- The Carbon Trust, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Bacq-Lebreuil
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Genesis, Lisors, France
| | - Yuwei Qin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Taro Takahashi
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Valentina Rubio
- Programa de Producción y Sustentabilidad Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David Hughes
- Intelligent Data Ecosystems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Laura M Cárdenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK
| | | | - Ritesh Krishna
- IBM Research Europe - Daresbury, The Hartree Centre, Warrington, UK
| | | | - Karl Ritz
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - John W Crawford
- Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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36
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Liao H, Li C, Ai S, Li X, Ai X, Ai Y. A simulated ecological restoration of bare cut slope reveals the dosage and temporal effects of cement on ecosystem multifunctionality in a mountain ecosystem. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116672. [PMID: 36343402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cement is a critical building material used in the restorations of bare cut slopes. Yet, how cement affects ecosystem's functions and their undertakers remains elusive. Here, we revealed the dosage and temporal effects of cement on plant and soil traits, extracellular enzymes, greenhouse gas fluxes and microbiome using simulation experiments. The results showed that soil pH increased with the cement content at 1st day but relatively constant values around 7 to 7.5 were detected in the flowing days. The β-1,4-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase showed high activities under high cement content, and they generally increased with the cultivations except for acid phosphatase. CH4 fluxes at 16th day were less than zero, and they increased to peak around at 37th to 44th days followed by decreasing until reaching to relatively stable fluctuations around 0. Despite of decrease patterns, N2O fluxes stayed around zero across the temporal gradient except for the maximum around at 30th day in 2%, 5% and 8% cement treatment. Microbial diversity decreased with the cement content, in which there were a recovery trend for bacteria. By integrating above- and belowground ecosystem traits into a multifunctionality index, we identified a potential optimum cement content (11%). PLSPM showed that multifunctionality was affected by the shifts in soil bacterial community, enzyme activity and greenhouse gases while these components were effected by other environmental changes resulted from cement. Our results demonstrate that cement determines multifunctionality through mediating microbial community and activity, providing new insights for designing in situ experiments and ecological restoration strategies for bare cut slopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Chaonan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Shenghao Ai
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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Sang J, Lakshani MMT, Chamindu Deepagoda TKK, Shen Y, Li Y. Drying and rewetting cycles increased soil carbon dioxide rather than nitrous oxide emissions: A meta-analysis. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116391. [PMID: 36198220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increased frequency of extreme weather variations worldwide has resulted in dramatic changes in the soil water content via pronounced drying and rewetting cycles (DWCs). A comprehensive exploration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in response to DWCs can help summarize the existing results and better estimate terrestrial greenhouse gas emissions under the intensified drought and precipitation variations. This meta-analysis based on soil emissions of CO2 (868 observations, 29 studies) and N2O (52 observations, 19 studies) at the global scale investigated the direction and intensity of the changes in soil CO2 and N2O emissions in response to DWCs as controlled by experimental variables including land use type, soil texture, soil nutrients, and frequency and duration of DWCs. The results showed that, compared to the constant soil water content, DWCs led to the increase in CO2 emissions by 35.7% (95% confidence intervals ranging from 0.300 to 0.415), whereas it had no significant effect on N2O emissions (-0.2638 to 1.4751). The random-effects model indicated that soil water-filled pore space during wetting, soil clay content, days of drying and wetting, and frequency of DWCs significantly affected CO2 and N2O emissions in response to DWCs. Furthermore, potential biotic and abiotic factors affecting soil CO2 and N2O emissions under DWCs are also summarized, and it was proposed that mobility and availability of carbon substrate as well as enhanced microbial activity and abundance are the main drivers facilitating soil CO2 and N2O emissions in response to DWCs. However, soil gas diffusion or oxygen availability also dominated soil N2O emissions under DWCs. Overall, this study improves our understanding of soil CO2 and N2O emissions in response to various DWC scenarios and facilitates the development of better greenhouse gas mitigation strategies against the background of a rapidly changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - M M T Lakshani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - T K K Chamindu Deepagoda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Yuying Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems of Lanzhou University, National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems in Gansu Qingyang, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
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Manter DK, Moore JM. CaRPE: the Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation tool for building climate mitigation scenarios on US agricultural lands. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6896195. [PMID: 36515263 PMCID: PMC9748996 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Carbon Reduction Potential Evaluation (CaRPE) tool is a web-based interactive tool that integrates two databases for the USA collected at county/multi-county scales to visualize and estimate the climate benefits of implementing a variety of conservation practices on croplands and grazing lands. The COMET-Planner tool provides county/multi-county carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction coefficients associated with the adoption of climate-smart agricultural management practices. The CaRPE tool couples these coefficients, reported in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per acre per year, with county-level cropland and grazing land acres extracted from the US Agricultural Census. The CaRPE graphical user interface allows users to quickly and easily build and export scenarios of new conservation practice adoption on desired acreages and locations at state, regional or national scales. Results are in tonnes CO2e per year, and each scenario can be exported in tabular and map formats at the selected scales. Existing county-level cropland acreage data provide the upper boundaries for acres of adoption and can be modified based on specific goals established by the user.The output may be used to develop potential targets of adoption and help inform decisions related to resource prioritization and planning efforts. In collaboration with local experts and farmer-led organizations, the results can provide a key starting block to prioritize practices and areas that contribute to climate benefits. As the underlying databases and models are updated and improved, CaRPE can be revised accordingly to increase accuracy and enhance applicability. The CaRPE tool and the user guide are available at: Database URL: https://carpe.shinyapps.io/CarpeTool/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Manter
- *Corresponding author: Tel: +970-492-7255; Fax: +970-492-7213;
| | - Jennifer M Moore
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Li T, Hong X, Liu S, Wu X, Fu S, Liang Y, Li J, Li R, Zhang C, Song X, Zhao H, Wang D, Zhao F, Ruan Y, Ju X. Cropland degradation and nutrient overload on Hainan Island: A review and synthesis. Environ Pollut 2022; 313:120100. [PMID: 36075333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the only "tropical base of agricultural production" in China, Hainan lsland is vigorously developing high-value agriculture and is becoming the province with the highest proportion of cash crops. However, this intensive farming with large nutrient inputs has caused cropland degradation, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) overloads and water pollution, which have been reversed to initiate the construction of free trade ports. Here, we systematically review the status, driving factors, and environmental impacts of cropland degradation and nutrient overload with quantified evaluations and compared with other global tropics. Over the last 30 years, the soil pH in Hainan decreased by 0.3 units, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased by 20%. This soil degradation has consequently aggravated nutrient losses, caused low use efficiency, and has required farmers add additional large nutrient to maintain harvests. P overuse is more serious than N overuse in Hainan due to the misuse of high P content compound fertilizers. The current N and P usage densities were 4% and 66% higher than the national average per crop season, i.e., 301 kg N ha-1 and 98 kg P ha-1, respectively, and the application rates were even higher for vegetables, i.e., 43% and 115% higher than the national average for vegetables. Consequently, water quality degradation occurred. The nutrient contents of several estuaries have exceeded the Class III standards. Potential improvement strategies are proposed: (i) Organic materials must be recycled to curb the declines in SOC and pH, and more benefits would be obtained by together use of biochar. (ii) Nutrient quotas must be implemented to balance nutrient budgets and reduce excessive surpluses and losses. (iii) The service functions of ecological protection zones for water and soil conservation must be strengthened. These strategies also apply to other global tropics that face similar challenges of soil and ecological degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiuyang Hong
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuoran Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shan Fu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ran Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of A&F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Fengliang Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yunze Ruan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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40
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Olofsson F, Ernfors M. Frost killed cover crops induced high emissions of nitrous oxide. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155634. [PMID: 35513153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a cover crop after harvest of a main crop in late summer or early autumn can have several advantages, including weed control, decreased nitrate leaching and an increased potential for carbon sequestration. However, the addition of fresh plant material to the soil in late autumn or winter, either by active termination of the cover crop or by frost damage, could be a risk factor for nitrous oxide emissions, due to the simultaneous occurrence of wet soil conditions and freeze-thaw cycles. We measured field emissions of nitrous oxide from three cover crops - oilseed radish, (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and oats (Avena sativa) - over a 43-day period in winter. All three cover crops were sensitive to frost and died, wilted and started to decompose during this period. The cover crops increased nitrous oxide emissions, relative to controls that were ploughed in autumn, by 1.8, 0.7 and 0.6 kg N2O-N ha-1, for oilseed radish, phacelia and oats, respectively. We conclude that the choice of cover crop species and management options for cover crops need to be further researched to minimise their contribution to nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Olofsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden.
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41
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Haas E, Carozzi M, Massad RS, Butterbach-Bahl K, Scheer C. Long term impact of residue management on soil organic carbon stocks and nitrous oxide emissions from European croplands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:154932. [PMID: 35447172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of crop residues to agricultural fields is a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and an essential factor affecting the soil organic carbon (SOC) balance. Here we present a biogeochemical modelling study assessing the impact of crop residue management on soil C stocks and N2O fluxes for EU-27 using available information on soils, management and climate and by testing various scenarios of residue management. Three biogeochemical models, i.e. CERES-EGC, LandscapeDNDC and LandscapeDNDC-MeTrx, were used in an ensemble approach on a grid of 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution for calculating EU-27 wide inventories of changes in SOC stocks and N2O emissions due to residue management for the years 2000-2100 using different climate change projections (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Our results show, that climate change poses a threat to cropping systems in Europe, resulting in potential yield declines, increased N2O emissions and loss of SOC. This highlights the need for adapting crop management to mitigate climate change impacts, e.g. by improved residue management. For a scenario with 100% residues retention and reduced tillage we calculated that in average SOC stocks may increase over 50-100 years by 19-23% under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5. However, complete retention of crop residues also resulted in an increase of soil N2O emissions by 17-30%, so that climate benefits due to increases in SOC stocks were eventually compensated by increased N2O emissions. The long-term EFN2O for residue N incorporation was 1.18% and, thus slightly higher as the 1% value used by IPCC. We conclude that residue management can be an important strategy for mitigating climate change impacts on SOC stocks, though it requires as well improvements in N management for N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Haas
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Marco Carozzi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SADAPT, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Raia Silvia Massad
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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O. S. van Cleef F, B. Dubeux JC, M. Ciriaco F, Henry DD, Ruiz-Moreno M, M. Jaramillo D, Garcia L, S. Santos ER, DiLorenzo N, B. Vendramini JM, Naumann HD, Sollenberger LE. Inclusion of a tannin-rich legume in the diet of beef steers reduces greenhouse gas emissions from their excreta. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14220. [PMID: 35987790 PMCID: PMC9392745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as the isotopic composition of N2O from excreta of beef steers fed ‘AU Grazer’ sericea lespedeza hay [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don]. Fifteen Brahman × Angus crossbred steers were fed one of three experimental diets: 0, 50, or 100% inclusion of SL into ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). Gas sampling occurred on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 18, 25, and 32 after urine or feces application to static chambers for two experimental periods. Effect of the day after feces application (P < 0.001), while day × inclusion of SL interaction was observed in urine (P < 0.001) for all greenhouse gases (GHG) analyzed. Peaks of emission of all GHG in urine and feces occurred in the first days (P < 0.001), with days 3 and 5 being most depleted in 15N-N2O in feces, and days 3, 5, and 7, in urine (P < 0.001). Feeding SL to beef steers was effective in mitigating the emission of GHG from the excreta, but further research is necessary to investigate the mechanisms behind the reductions.
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Abalos D, Recous S, Butterbach-Bahl K, De Notaris C, Rittl TF, Topp CFE, Petersen SO, Hansen S, Bleken MA, Rees RM, Olesen JE. A review and meta-analysis of mitigation measures for nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154388. [PMID: 35276154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are of crucial importance to maintain or even increase soil carbon stocks and fertility, and thereby to address the global challenge of climate change mitigation. However, crop residues can also potentially stimulate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. A better understanding of how to mitigate N2O emissions due to crop residue management while promoting positive effects on soil carbon is needed to reconcile the opposing effects of crop residues on the greenhouse gas balance of agroecosystems. Here, we combine a literature review and a meta-analysis to identify and assess measures for mitigating N2O emissions due to crop residue application to agricultural fields. Our study shows that crop residue removal, shallow incorporation, incorporation of residues with C:N ratio > 30 and avoiding incorporation of residues from crops terminated at an immature physiological stage, are measures leading to significantly lower N2O emissions. Other practices such as incorporation timing and interactions with fertilisers are less conclusive. Several of the evaluated N2O mitigation measures implied negative side-effects on yield, soil organic carbon storage, nitrate leaching and/or ammonia volatilization. We identified additional strategies with potential to reduce crop residue N2O emissions without strong negative side-effects, which require further research. These are: a) treatment of crop residues before field application, e.g., conversion of residues into biochar or anaerobic digestate, b) co-application with nitrification inhibitors or N-immobilizing materials such as compost with a high C:N ratio, paper waste or sawdust, and c) use of residues obtained from crop mixtures. Our study provides a scientific basis to be developed over the coming years on how to increase the sustainability of agroecosystems though adequate crop residue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Sylvie Recous
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Chiara De Notaris
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tatiana F Rittl
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Gunnars veg 6, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Cairistiona F E Topp
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sissel Hansen
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Gunnars veg 6, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Marina A Bleken
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Elizabeth Stephensv. 13, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Robert M Rees
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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44
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Stuchiner ER, von Fischer JC. Using isotope pool dilution to understand how organic carbon additions affect N 2 O consumption in diverse soils. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4163-4179. [PMID: 35377524 PMCID: PMC9321687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a formidable greenhouse gas with a warming potential ~300× greater than CO2 . However, its emissions to the atmosphere have gone largely unchecked because the microbial and environmental controls governing N2 O emissions have proven difficult to manage. The microbial process N2 O consumption is the only know biotic pathway to remove N2 O from soil pores and therefore reduce N2 O emissions. Consequently, manipulating soils to increase N2 O consumption by organic carbon (OC) additions has steadily gained interest. However, the response of N2 O emissions to different OC additions are inconsistent, and it is unclear if lower N2 O emissions are due to increased consumption, decreased production, or both. Simplified and systematic studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of different OC additions on N2 O consumption. We aimed to manipulate N2 O consumption by amending soils with OC compounds (succinate, acetate, propionate) more directly available to denitrifiers. We hypothesized that N2 O consumption is OC-limited and predicted these denitrifier-targeted additions would lead to enhanced N2 O consumption and increased nosZ gene abundance. We incubated diverse soils in the laboratory and performed a 15 N2 O isotope pool dilution assay to disentangle microbial N2 O emissions from consumption using laser-based spectroscopy. We found that amending soils with OC increased gross N2 O consumption in six of eight soils tested. Furthermore, three of eight soils showed Increased N2 O Consumption and Decreased N2 O Emissions (ICDE), a phenomenon we introduce in this study as an N2 O management ideal. All three ICDE soils had low soil OC content, suggesting ICDE is a response to relaxed C-limitation wherein C additions promote soil anoxia, consequently stimulating the reduction of N2 O via denitrification. We suggest, generally, OC additions to low OC soils will reduce N2 O emissions via ICDE. Future studies should prioritize methodical assessment of different, specific, OC-additions to determine which additions show ICDE in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Stuchiner
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Joseph C. von Fischer
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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45
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Bhattacharyya SS, Leite FFGD, France CL, Adekoya AO, Ros GH, de Vries W, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution under different tillage practices. Sci Total Environ 2022; 826:154161. [PMID: 35231506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tillage is a common agricultural practice and a critical component of agricultural systems that is frequently employed worldwide in croplands to reduce climatic and soil restrictions while also sustaining various ecosystem services. Tillage can affect a variety of soil-mediated processes, e.g., soil carbon sequestration (SCS) or depletion, greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emission, and water pollution. Several tillage practices are in vogue globally, and they exhibit varied impacts on these processes. Hence, there is a dire need to synthesize, collate and comprehensively present these interlinked phenomena to facilitate future researches. This study deals with the co-benefits and trade-offs produced by several tillage practices on SCS and related soil properties, GHG emissions, and water quality. We hypothesized that improved tillage practices could enable agriculture to contribute to SCS and mitigate GHG emissions and leaching of nutrients and pesticides. Based on our current understanding, we conclude that sustainable soil moisture level and soil temperature management is crucial under different tillage practices to offset leaching loss of soil stored nutrients/pesticides, GHG emissions and ensuring SCS. For instance, higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) could be attributed to the fluctuations in soil moisture and temperature regimes. In addition, NT may enhance nitrate (NO3-) leaching over CT because of improved soil structure, infiltration capacity, and greater water flux, however, suggesting that the eutrophication potential of NT is high. Our study indicates that the evaluation of the eutrophication potential of different tillage practices is still overlooked. Our study suggests that improving tillage practices in terms of mitigation of N2O emission and preventing NO3- pollution may be sustainable if nitrification inhibitors are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adetomi O Adekoya
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gerard H Ros
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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46
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Beillouin D, Demenois J, Cardinael R, Berre D, Corbeels M, Fallot A, Boyer A, Feder F. A global database of land management, land-use change and climate change effects on soil organic carbon. Sci Data 2022; 9:228. [PMID: 35610235 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in natural and cultivated ecosystems is proposed as a natural climate solution to limit global warming. SOC dynamics is driven by numerous factors such as land-use change, land management and climate change. The amount of additional carbon potentially stored in the soil is the subject of much debate in the scientific community. We present a global database compiling the results of 217 meta-analyses analyzing the effects of land management, land-use change and climate change on SOC. We report a total of 15,857 effect sizes, 6,550 directly related to soil carbon, and 9,307 related to other associated soil or plant variables. The database further synthesizes results of 13,632 unique primary studies across more than 150 countries that were used in the meta-analyses. Meta-analyses and their effect sizes and were classified by type of intervention and land use, outcomes, country and region. This database helps to understand the drivers of SOC sequestration, the associated co-benefits and potential drawbacks, and is a useful tool to guide future global climate change policies. Measurement(s) | soil organic carbon | Technology Type(s) | systematic literature review | Factor Type(s) | land-use change •land management • climate change | Sample Characteristic - Environment | anthropogenic environment • natural environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | global |
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Liu M, Linna C, Ma S, Ma Q, Guo J, Wang F, Wang L. Effects of Biochar With Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Agronomic Traits and Nutrient Absorption of Soybean and Fertility and Microbes in Purple Soil. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:871021. [PMID: 35401604 PMCID: PMC8990733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a kind of organic matter that can be added into the soil as a soil amendment to improve its quality. What are the effects of using biochar on purple soil and soybeans? Can the use of biochar reduce the use of fertilizers? This is our concern. Therefore, we carried out this study. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the effects of biochar, inorganic and organic fertilizer application on plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, and yield of soybean as well as fertility and microbial community in purple soil, and to appraise the possible reduction rate of inorganic fertilizer under the biochar application. A pot experiment was conducted with three levels of biochar, two levels of inorganic fertilizer, and two levels of organic fertilizer in a randomized complete block. The results indicated that the low rate of biochar together with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the plant growth of soybean. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can promote the exchange of photosynthetic gas in soybean, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 45.25% compared with the blank control. At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control. The application of biochar increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake of soybean. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and soil microbial community. Compared with no biochar treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 740.28%, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 54.17%. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) increased by 65.22%, and all kinds of soil microorganisms increased to varying degrees. In conclusion, the application of biochar can reduce the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the agronomic traits and yield of soybean, and play a positive role in soil nutrients and soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Longchang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Abalos D, Luo Y, Hui D, Hungate BA, García-Palacios P, Kuzyakov Y, Olesen JE, Jørgensen U, Chen J. Stimulation of ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by nitrogen loading: Poor predictability for increased soil N 2 O emission. Glob Chang Biol 2022. [PMID: 34923712 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14370896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N-induced changes in soil N2 O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2 O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2 O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field-based results challenge the laboratory-based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2 O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N-induced changes in soil N2 O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2 O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jørgen Eivind Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Uffe Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Abalos D, Luo Y, Hui D, Hungate BA, García‐Palacios P, Kuzyakov Y, Olesen JE, Jørgensen U, Chen J. Stimulation of ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by nitrogen loading: Poor predictability for increased soil N 2 O emission. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2158-2168. [PMID: 34923712 PMCID: PMC9303726 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2 O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N-induced changes in soil N2 O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2 O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2 O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field-based results challenge the laboratory-based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2 O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N-induced changes in soil N2 O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2 O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological SciencesTennessee State UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Pablo García‐Palacios
- Departamento de Biología y GeologíaFísica y Química Inorgánica y AnalíticaEscuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y TecnologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesSpain
- Instituto de Ciencias AgrariasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadridSpain
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate EcosystemsUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Agro‐Technological InstituteRUDN UniversityMoscowRussia
- Institute of Environmental SciencesKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | - Jørgen Eivind Olesen
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate ChangeAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular BioeconomyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | - Uffe Jørgensen
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular BioeconomyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate ChangeAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular BioeconomyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
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50
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Hagenbo A, Antón-Fernández C, Bright RM, Rasse D, Astrup R. Climate change mitigation potential of biochar from forestry residues under boreal condition. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:151044. [PMID: 34673068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest harvest residue is a low-competitive biomass feedstock that is usually left to decay on site after forestry operations. Its removal and pyrolytic conversion to biochar is seen as an opportunity to reduce terrestrial CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change. The mitigation effect of biochar is, however, ultimately dependent on the availability of the biomass feedstock, thus CO2 removal of biochar needs to be assessed in relation to the capacity to supply biochar systems with biomass feedstocks over prolonged time scales, relevant for climate mitigation. In the present study we used an assembly of empirical models to forecast the effects of harvest residue removal on soil C storage and the technical capacity of biochar to mitigate national-scale emissions over the century, using Norway as a case study for boreal conditions. We estimate the mitigation potential to vary between 0.41 and 0.78 Tg CO2 equivalents yr-1, of which 79% could be attributed to increased soil C stock, and 21% to the coproduction of bioenergy. These values correspond to 9-17% of the emissions of the Norwegian agricultural sector and to 0.8-1.5% of the total national emission. This illustrates that deployment of biochar from forest harvest residues in countries with a large forestry sector, relative to economy and population size, is likely to have a relatively small contribution to national emission reduction targets but may have a large effect on agricultural emission and commitments. Strategies for biochar deployment need to consider that biochar's mitigation effect is limited by the feedstock supply which needs to be critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hagenbo
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postboks 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Ryan M Bright
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postboks 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Daniel Rasse
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postboks 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Rasmus Astrup
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Postboks 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
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