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Caratti G, Stifel U, Caratti B, Jamil AJM, Chung KJ, Kiehntopf M, Gräler MH, Blüher M, Rauch A, Tuckermann JP. Glucocorticoid activation of anti-inflammatory macrophages protects against insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2271. [PMID: 37080971 PMCID: PMC10119112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) during obesity is linked to adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-driven inflammation of adipose tissue. Whether anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological levels modulate IR is unclear. Here, we report that deletion of the GC receptor (GR) in myeloid cells, including macrophages in mice, aggravates obesity-related IR by enhancing adipose tissue inflammation due to decreased anti-inflammatory ATM leading to exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis and severe hepatic steatosis. In contrast, GR deletion in Kupffer cells alone does not alter IR. Co-culture experiments show that the absence of GR in macrophages directly causes reduced phospho-AKT and glucose uptake in adipocytes, suggesting an important function of GR in ATM. GR-deficient macrophages are refractory to alternative ATM-inducing IL-4 signaling, due to reduced STAT6 chromatin loading and diminished anti-inflammatory enhancer activation. We demonstrate that GR has an important function in macrophages during obesity by limiting adipose tissue inflammation and lipolysis to promote insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37LE, UK
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bozhena Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ali J M Jamil
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- SG Sepsis Research Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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da Silva FN, Zimath PL, do Amaral TA, Martins JRN, Rafacho A. Coadministration of olanzapine causes minor impacts on the diabetogenic outcomes induced by dexamethasone treatment in rats. Life Sci 2023; 322:121660. [PMID: 37011876 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigate whether the coadministration of olanzapine exacerbates the diabetogenic effects of dexamethasone, two agents used in the antiemetic cocktails indicated to mitigate the adverse effects of chemotherapy. MAIN METHODS Adult Wistar rats (both sexes) were treated daily with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, body mass (b.m.), intraperitoneal (i.p.)) with or without olanzapine (10 mg/kg, b.m., orogastric (o.g.)) for 5 consecutive days. During and at the end of the treatment, we evaluated biometric data and parameters involving glucose and lipid metabolism. KEY FINDINGS Dexamethasone treatment resulted in glucose and lipid intolerance, higher plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels, higher content of hepatic glycogen and fat, and higher islet mass in both sexes. These changes were not exacerbated by concomitant treatment with olanzapine. However, coadministration of olanzapine worsened the weight loss and plasma total cholesterol in males, while in females resulted in lethargy, higher plasma total cholesterol, and higher hepatic triacylglycerol release. SIGNIFICANCE Coadministration of olanzapine does not exacerbate any diabetogenic dexamethasone effect on glucose metabolism and exerts a minor impact on the lipid homeostasis of rats. Our data favor the addition of olanzapine in the antiemetic cocktail considering the low incidence of metabolic adverse effects for the period and dosage analyzed in male and female rats.
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Zimath PL, Almeida MS, Bruxel MA, Rafacho A. Oral mometasone furoate administration preserves anti-inflammatory action with fewer metabolic adverse effects in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115486. [PMID: 36893817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous glucocorticoids (CGs) possess relevant therapeutic effects but exert diabetogenic actions when in excess. Thus, ligands with potential therapeutic applications and fewer adverse effects are needed. To this, we analyzed whether mometasone furoate (MF), a CG expected to cause fewer side effects, given through systemic routes, could maintain the anti-inflammatory actions without relevant repercussions on metabolism. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of MF was evaluated with both peritonitis and colitis models in rodents. Glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in male and female rats treated daily with MF with different doses and routes of administration for seven days. The involvement of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on MF actions was assessed in animals pretreated with mifepristone. Also, the potential reversibility of the adverse effects was assessed. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control. RESULTS MF treatment resulted in glucose intolerance in male rats treated through intraperitoneal (ip) but not oral gavage route (og). In female rats, none of the routes led to glucose intolerance. MF treatment attenuated insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic β-cell mass, regardless of the sex and route of administration. MF treatment through og route did not result in dyslipidemia, as observed in rats treated through the ip route (both sexes). The anti-inflammatory and metabolic adverse effects of MF were GR-dependent, and metabolic outcomes altered by MF administration were reversible. CONCLUSION MF maintains anti-inflammatory activity when administered by systemic routes and exerts less impact on metabolism when administered orally in male and female rats, effects that are GR-dependent and reversible. Category: Metabolic Disorders and Endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L Zimath
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Milena S Almeida
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maciel A Bruxel
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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Akbib S, Stichelmans J, Stangé G, Ling Z, Assefa Z, Hellemans KH. Glucocorticoids and checkpoint tyrosine kinase inhibitors stimulate rat pancreatic beta cell proliferation differentially. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212210. [PMID: 30779812 PMCID: PMC6380609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy for diabetes could benefit from the identification of small-molecule compounds that increase the number of functional pancreatic beta cells. Using a newly developed screening assay, we previously identified glucocorticoids as potent stimulators of human and rat beta cell proliferation. We now compare the stimulatory action of these steroid hormones to a selection of checkpoint tyrosine kinase inhibitors that were also found to activate the cell cycle-in beta cells and analyzed their respective effects on DNA-synthesis, beta cell numbers and expression of cell cycle regulators. Our data using glucocorticoids in combination with a receptor antagonist, mifepristone, show that 48h exposure is sufficient to allow beta cells to pass the cell cycle restriction point and to become committed to cell division regardless of sustained glucocorticoid-signaling. To reach the end-point of mitosis another 40h is required. Within 14 days glucocorticoids stimulate up to 75% of the cells to undergo mitosis, which indicates that these steroid hormones act as proliferation competence-inducing factors. In contrast, by correlating thymidine-analogue incorporation to changes in absolute cell numbers, we show that the checkpoint kinase inhibitors, as compared to glucocorticoids, stimulate DNA-synthesis only during a short time-window in a minority of cells, insufficient to give a measurable increase of beta cell numbers. Glucocorticoids, but not the kinase inhibitors, were also found to induce changes in the expression of checkpoint regulators. Our data, using checkpoint kinase-specific inhibitors further point to a role for Chk1 and Cdk1 in G1/S transition and progression of beta cells through the cell cycle upon stimulation with glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Akbib
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jordy Stichelmans
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Stangé
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhidong Ling
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Beta Cell Bank, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zerihun Assefa
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine H. Hellemans
- Unit Diabetes Pathology and Therapy, Diabetes Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Courty E, Besseiche A, Do TTH, Liboz A, Aguid FM, Quilichini E, Buscato M, Gourdy P, Gautier JF, Riveline JP, Haumaitre C, Buyse M, Fève B, Guillemain G, Blondeau B. Adaptive β-Cell Neogenesis in the Adult Mouse in Response to Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2019; 68:95-108. [PMID: 30327384 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by deficient insulin secretion and decreased β-cell mass. Thus, regenerative strategies to increase β-cell mass need to be developed. To characterize mechanisms of β-cell plasticity, we studied a model of severe insulin resistance in the adult mouse and defined how β-cells adapt. Chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment was given to adult mice and led to rapid insulin resistance and adaptive increased insulin secretion. Adaptive and massive increase of β-cell mass was observed during treatment up to 8 weeks. β-Cell mass increase was partially reversible upon treatment cessation and reinduced upon subsequent treatment. β-Cell neogenesis was suggested by an increased number of islets, mainly close to ducts, and increased Sox9 and Ngn3 mRNA levels in islets, but lineage-tracing experiments revealed that neoformed β-cells did not derive from Sox9- or Ngn3-expressing cells. CORT treatment after β-cell depletion partially restored β-cells. Finally, β-cell neogenesis was shown to be indirectly stimulated by CORT because serum from CORT-treated mice increased β-cell differentiation in in vitro cultures of pancreatic buds. Altogether, the results present a novel model of β-cell neogenesis in the adult mouse and identify the presence of neogenic factors in the serum of CORT-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Courty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Besseiche
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Thi Thu Huong Do
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Alexandrine Liboz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
| | | | - Evans Quilichini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048, INSERM, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048, INSERM, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Service de Diabétologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Paris-Diderot 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Riveline
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Paris-Diderot 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Haumaitre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Marion Buyse
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Sud, EA 4123, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Department of Pharmacy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Guillemain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Blondeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
- Hospitalo-Universitary Institute, ICAN, Paris, France
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Zheng X, Bi W, Yang G, Zhao J, Wang J, Li X, Zhou X. Hyperglycemia Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress in Mice Is Associated With Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Injury and Not Just the Direct Effect of Glucocorticoids. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:983. [PMID: 30618599 PMCID: PMC6305899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) can affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and increase glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoids are stress hormones that regulate multiple aspects of energy homeostasis. Stress also impairs glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of insulin-resistant hyperglycemia during CRS. We produced the CRS models (a 7-day restraint followed by a 3-day free moving procedure, total of 4 cycles for 40 days) in mice, detected the parameters related to glucose metabolism, and compared them to those of the dexamethasone (DEX) injection (0.2 mg/kg i.p., also a 4 cycle procedure as the CRS). The results showed that the CRS induced a moderate (not higher than 11 mmol/L) and irreversible insulin-resistant hyperglycemia in about 1/3 of the individuals, and all the restrained mice had adrenal hypertrophy. CRS induced the apoptosis of neurons in the anterior part of commissural subnucleus of nucleus tractus solitarius (acNTS) in the hyperglycemic mice, and acNTS mechanical damage also led to insulin-resistant hyperglycemia. In contrast, in the DEX-treated mice, adrenal gland atrophy was evident. The glucose and insulin tolerance varied with the delay of determination. DEX exposure in vivo does not induce the apoptosis of neurons in NTS. This study indicates that restraint stress and DEX induce metabolic disorders through different mechanisms. During CRS, injury (apoptosis) of glucose-sensitive acNTS neurons cause dysregulation of blood glucose. This study also suggests the mouse restraint stress model has value as a potential application in the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Bi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Guizhi Yang
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Njan AA, Fatigun CO, Alli-Oluwafuyi AM, Olorundare OE, Afolabi OS, Akinola O, Amin A. Effect of intranasal insulin on peripheral glucose profile in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in Wistar rats. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Ahmed MA, Mohamed MA, Rashed LA, Abd Elbast SA, Ahmed EA. Rice Bran Oil Improves Insulin Resistance by Affecting the Expression of Antioxidants and Lipid-Regulatory Genes. Lipids 2018; 53:505-515. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat A. Ahmed
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mona A. Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Biochemistry Department; Cairo University; El-Kasr El-Aeni St., PO Box 12613, Cairo Egypt
| | - Sohaier A. Abd Elbast
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Elham A. Ahmed
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
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Polce SA, Burke C, França LM, Kramer B, de Andrade Paes AM, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA. Ellagic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Female Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050531. [PMID: 29693586 PMCID: PMC5986411 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects more than 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has become one of the most common metabolic liver diseases worldwide. To date, treatments specifically targeting NAFLD do not exist. Oxidative stress and insulin resistance have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in diabetes. Accordingly, the goal of this present study was to determine whether Ellagic acid (EA), a natural antioxidant polyphenol found in berries and nuts, mitigates hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance in T2DM rats, and thus alleviates NAFLD. Using adult female Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese and spontaneous model of T2DM, we found that EA treatment significantly lowered fasting blood glucose and reduced insulin resistance, as shown by a 21.8% reduction in the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), while triglyceride and total cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Increased hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress present in diabetic GK rats was markedly reduced with EA treatment. This effect was associated with a downregulation of the NADPH oxidase subunit, p47-phox, and overexpression of NF-E2-related factor-2 (NRF2). Moreover, EA was able to decrease the hepatic expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-α), a transcription factor linked to hypoxia and hepatic steatosis. We further showed that EA treatment activated an insulin signaling pathway in the liver, as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EA diminishes blood glucose levels and potently suppress NAFLD in diabetic rats via mechanisms that involve reductions in p47-phox and HIF-α, upregulation of NRF2 and enhancement of the Akt signaling pathway in the liver. Together, these results reveal that EA improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism as a result of its antioxidant effects. This implies an anti-diabetic effect of EA with beneficial effects for the treatment of hepatic complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Alexandria Polce
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Cameron Burke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Benjamin Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhao, Sao Luis, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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Kou H, Wang GH, Pei LG, Zhang L, Shi C, Guo Y, Wu DF, Wang H. Effects of prenatal caffeine exposure on glucose homeostasis of adult offspring rats. Sci Nat 2017; 104:89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Assefa Z, Akbib S, Lavens A, Stangé G, Ling Z, Hellemans KH, Pipeleers D. Direct effect of glucocorticoids on glucose-activated adult rat β-cells increases their cell number and their functional mass for transplantation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E698-E705. [PMID: 27555297 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00070.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compounds that increase β-cell number can serve as β-cell replacement therapies in diabetes. In vitro studies have identified several agents that can activate DNA synthesis in primary β-cells but only in small percentages of cells and without demonstration of increases in cell number. We used whole well multiparameter imaging to first screen a library of 1,280 compounds for their ability to recruit adult rat β-cells into DNA synthesis and then assessed influences of stimulatory agents on the number of living cells. The four compounds with highest β-cell recruitment were glucocorticoid (GC) receptor ligands. The GC effect occurred in glucose-activated β-cells and was associated with increased glucose utilization and oxidation. Hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone almost doubled the number of β-cells in 2 wk. The expanded cell population provided an increased functional β-cell mass for transplantation in diabetic animals. These effects are age dependent; they did not occur in neonatal rat β-cells, where GC exposure suppressed basal replication and was cytotoxic. We concluded that GCs can induce the replication of adult rat β-cells through a direct action, with intercellular differences in responsiveness that have been related to differences in glucose activation and in age. These influences can explain variability in GC-induced activation of DNA synthesis in rat and human β-cells. Our study also demonstrated that β-cells can be expanded in vitro to increase the size of metabolically adequate grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Assefa
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Akbib
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Lavens
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Stangé
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhidong Ling
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine H Hellemans
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Pipeleers
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, University Hospital Brussels, and Center for Beta Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
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Malta A, Souza AAD, Ribeiro TA, Francisco FA, Pavanello A, Prates KV, Tófolo LP, Miranda RA, Oliveira JCD, Martins IP, Previate C, Gomes RM, Franco CCDS, Natali MRM, Palma-Rigo K, Mathias PCDF. Neonatal treatment with scopolamine butylbromide prevents metabolic dysfunction in male rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30745. [PMID: 27561682 PMCID: PMC4999897 DOI: 10.1038/srep30745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether treatment with a cholinergic antagonist could reduce insulin levels in early postnatal life and attenuate metabolic dysfunctions induced by early overfeeding in adult male rats. Wistar rats raised in small litters (SLs, 3 pups/dam) and normal litters (NLs, 9 pups/dam) were used in models of early overfeeding and normal feeding, respectively. During the first 12 days of lactation, animals in the SL and NL groups received scopolamine butylbromide (B), while the controls received saline (S) injections. The drug treatment decreased insulin levels in pups from both groups, and as adults, these animals showed improvements in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, vagus nerve activity, fat tissue accretion, insulinemia, leptinemia, body weight gain and food intake. Low glucose and cholinergic insulinotropic effects were observed in pancreatic islets from both groups. Low protein expression was observed for the muscarinic M3 acetylcholine receptor subtype (M3mAChR), although M2mAChR subtype expression was increased in SL-B islets. In addition, beta-cell density was reduced in drug-treated rats. These results indicate that early postnatal scopolamine butylbromide treatment inhibits early overfeeding-induced metabolic dysfunctions in adult rats, which might be caused by insulin decreases during lactation, associated with reduced parasympathetic activity and expression of M3mAChR in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Amenencia de Souza
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Pasieka AM, Rafacho A. Impact of Glucocorticoid Excess on Glucose Tolerance: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Metabolites 2016; 6:E24. [PMID: 27527232 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that exert important physiological actions on metabolism. Given that GCs also exert potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, synthetic GCs such as prednisolone and dexamethasone were developed for the treatment of autoimmune- and inflammatory-related diseases. The synthetic GCs are undoubtedly efficient in terms of their therapeutic effects, but are accompanied by significant adverse effects on metabolism, specifically glucose metabolism. Glucose intolerance and reductions in insulin sensitivity are among the major concerns related to GC metabolic side effects, which may ultimately progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have aimed to understand the repercussions of GCs on glucose metabolism and the possible mechanisms of GC action. This review intends to summarize the main alterations that occur in liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets in the context of GC-induced glucose intolerance. For this, both experimental (animals) and clinical studies were selected and, whenever possible, the main cellular mechanisms involved in such GC-side effects were discussed.
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Protzek AOP, Rezende LF, Costa-Júnior JM, Ferreira SM, Cappelli APG, de Paula FMM, de Souza JC, Kurauti MA, Carneiro EM, Rafacho A, Boschero AC. Hyperinsulinemia caused by dexamethasone treatment is associated with reduced insulin clearance and lower hepatic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:1-8. [PMID: 26386462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoid treatment induces insulin resistance (IR), which is counteracted by a compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to increased pancreatic β-cell function. There is evidence for also reduced hepatic insulin clearance, but whether this correlates with altered activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the liver, is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether hyperinsulinemia, in glucocorticoid-treated rodents, is associated with any alteration in the insulin clearance and activity of the IDE in the liver. MATERIALS/METHODS Adult male Swiss mice and Wistar rats were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone intraperitoneally [1mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS Glucocorticoid treatment induced IR and hyperinsulinemia in both species, but was more impactful in rats that also displayed glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Insulin clearance was reduced in glucocorticoid-treated rats and mice, as judged by the reduction of insulin decay rate and increased insulin area-under-the-curve (47% and 87%, respectively). These results were associated with reduced activity (35%) of hepatic IDE in rats and a tendency to reduction (p=0.068) in mice, without alteration in hepatic IDE mRNA content, in both species. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the reduced insulin clearance in glucocorticoid-treated rodents was due to the reduction of hepatic IDE activity, at least in rats, which may contributes to the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. These findings corroborate the idea that short-term and/or partial inhibition of IDE activity in the liver could be beneficial for the glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Otávio Peres Protzek
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa-Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gameiro Cappelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Moura de Paula
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jane Cristina de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian Ayumi Kurauti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Bowers DT, Botchwey EA, Brayman KL. Advances in Local Drug Release and Scaffolding Design to Enhance Cell Therapy for Diabetes. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2015; 21:491-503. [PMID: 26192271 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplant is a curative treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes. However, challenges, including poor tissue survival and a lack of efficient engraftment, must be overcome. An encapsulating or scaffolding material can act as a vehicle for agents carefully chosen for the islet transplant application. From open porous scaffolds to spherical capsules and conformal coatings, greater immune protection is often accompanied by greater distances to microvasculature. Generating a local oxygen supply from the implant material or encouraging vessel growth through the release of local factors can create an oxygenated engraftment site. Intricately related to the vascularization response, inflammatory interaction with the cell supporting implant is a long-standing hurdle to material-based islet transplant. Modulation of the immune responses to the islets as well as the material itself must be considered. To match the post-transplant complexity, the release rate can be tuned to orchestrate temporal responses. Material degradation properties can be utilized in passive approaches or external stimuli and biological cues in active approaches. A combination of multiple carefully chosen factors delivered in an agent-specialized manner is considered by this review to improve the long-term function of islets transplanted in scaffolding and encapsulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Bowers
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- 3 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that regulate multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis. Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in liver, whereas in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue they decrease glucose uptake and utilization by antagonizing insulin response. Therefore, excess glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids also regulate glycogen metabolism. In liver, glucocorticoids increase glycogen storage, whereas in skeletal muscle they play a permissive role for catecholamine-induced glycogenolysis and/or inhibit insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Moreover, glucocorticoids modulate the function of pancreatic α and β cells to regulate the secretion of glucagon and insulin, two hormones that play a pivotal role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Overall, the major glucocorticoid effect on glucose homeostasis is to preserve plasma glucose for brain during stress, as transiently raising blood glucose is important to promote maximal brain function. In this chapter we will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying different aspects of glucocorticoid-regulated mammalian glucose homeostasis.
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Liao HY, Sun MF, Lin JG, Chang SL, Lee YC. Electroacupuncture plus metformin lowers glucose levels and facilitates insulin sensitivity by activating MAPK in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:388-94. [PMID: 26025384 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the predominant form of diabetes. Although metformin is the preferred first-line drug for treatment of the disease, it is associated with a risk of secondary failure. Electroacupuncture (EA) can enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels. OBJECTIVES To examine, in an animal study, whether EA combined with metformin (EA-metformin) results in a better glucose-lowering effect and greater insulin sensitivity than metformin alone in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were injected with dexamethasone to induce diabetes and subsequently treated with EA plus metformin or metformin alone. Variations in plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and plasma free fatty acid levels were studied at the midpoint and end of the experimental course. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), which are associated with glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is related to GLUT4 activation, were measured after EA treatment. RESULTS We found that EA-metformin resulted in a better glucose-lowering effect, greater insulin sensitivity, lower plasma free fatty acid levels and higher levels of MAPK than metformin alone (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in expression of IRS-1 or PPAR-γ. CONCLUSIONS The glucose-lowering effect and increased insulin sensitivity associated with EA-metformin administration is governed, at least in part, by its ability to stimulate the activation of GLUT4 via upregulation of MAPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yin Liao
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Feng Sun
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Liang Chang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Motta K, Barbosa AM, Bobinski F, Boschero AC, Rafacho A. JNK and IKKβ phosphorylation is reduced by glucocorticoids in adipose tissue from insulin-resistant rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:1-12. [PMID: 25268311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main side effects caused by glucocorticoid (GC)-based therapies, and the molecular mechanisms of GC-induced IR are not yet fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of dexamethasone treatment on the main components of insulin and inflammatory signaling in the adipose tissue of rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Male Wistar rats received daily injections of dexamethasone (1mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for 5 days (DEX), whereas control rats received saline (CTL). The metabolic status was investigated, and the epididymal fat fragments were collected for lipolysis and western blot analyses. RESULTS The DEX rats became hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistant and glucose intolerant, compared with the CTL rats (P<0.05). The basal glycerol release in the fat fragments was 1.5-fold higher in the DEX rats (P<0.05). The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) at ser(473) decreased by 44%, whereas, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at ser(307) increased by 93% in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats after an oral bolus of glucose (P<0.05). The basal phosphorylation of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IKKβ) proteins was reduced by 46% and 58%, respectively, in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats (P<0.05). This was paralleled with a significant reduction (47%) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein content in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The insulin-resistant status of rats induced by dexamethasone administration have PKB and IRS-1 activity attenuated in epididymal fat without increases in the phosphorylation of the proinflammatory signals JNK and IKKβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Motta
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Rafacho A, Ortsäter H, Nadal A, Quesada I. Glucocorticoid treatment and endocrine pancreas function: implications for glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:R49-62. [PMID: 25271217 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are broadly prescribed for numerous pathological conditions because of their anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressive effects, among other actions. Nevertheless, GCs can produce undesired diabetogenic side effects through interactions with the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Under conditions of excess and/or long-term treatment, GCs can induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR) by impairing insulin signalling, which results in reduced glucose disposal and augmented endogenous glucose production. In addition, GCs can promote abdominal obesity, elevate plasma fatty acids and triglycerides, and suppress osteocalcin synthesis in bone tissue. In response to GC-induced peripheral IR and in an attempt to maintain normoglycaemia, pancreatic β-cells undergo several morphofunctional adaptations that result in hyperinsulinaemia. Failure of β-cells to compensate for this situation favours glucose homeostasis disruption, which can result in hyperglycaemia, particularly in susceptible individuals. GC treatment does not only alter pancreatic β-cell function but also affect them by their actions that can lead to hyperglucagonaemia, further contributing to glucose homeostasis imbalance and hyperglycaemia. In addition, the release of other islet hormones, such as somatostatin, amylin and ghrelin, is also affected by GC administration. These undesired GC actions merit further consideration for the design of improved GC therapies without diabetogenic effects. In summary, in this review, we consider the implication of GC treatment on peripheral IR, islet function and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
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dos Santos C, Ferreira FBD, Gonçalves-Neto LM, Taboga SR, Boschero AC, Rafacho A. Age- and gender-related changes in glucose homeostasis in glucocorticoid-treated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:867-78. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The disruption to glucose homeostasis upon glucocorticoid (GC) treatment in adult male rats has not been fully characterized in older rats or in females. Thus, we evaluated the age- and gender-related changes in glucose homeostasis in GC-treated rats. We injected male and female rats at 3 months and 12 months of age with either dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg body mass, intraperitoneally) or saline, daily for 5 days. All of the GC-treated rats had decreased body mass and food intake, and adrenal hypotrophy. Increased glycemia was observed in all of the GC-treated groups and only the 3-month-old female rats were not glucose intolerant. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in hyperinsulinemia and hypertriacylglyceridemia in all of the GC-treated rats. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was higher in all of the dexamethasone-treated animals, but it was less pronounced in the older animals. The β-cell mass was increased in the younger male rats treated with dexamethasone. We conclude that dexamethasone treatment induces glucose intolerance in both the 3- and 12-month-old male rats as well as hyperinsulinemia and augmented GSIS. Three-month-old female rats are protected from glucose intolerance caused by GC, whereas 12-month-old female rats developed the same complications that were present in 3- and 12-month-old male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francielle Batista D. Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz M. Gonçalves-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
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Bighetti BB, d Assis GF, Vieira DC, Violato NM, Cestari TM, Taga R, Bosqueiro JR, Rafacho A. Long-term dexamethasone treatment alters the histomorphology of acinar cells in rat parotid and submandibular glands. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:351-63. [PMID: 25186305 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce insulin resistance (IR), a condition known to alter oral homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of long-term dexamethasone administration on morphofunctional aspects of salivary glands. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of dexamethasone [0.1 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally] for 10 days (DEX), whereas control rats received saline. Subsequently, glycaemia, insulinaemia, insulin secretion and salivary flow were analysed. The parotid and submandibular glands were collected for histomorphometric evaluation and Western blot experiments. The DEX rats were found to be normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic, insulin resistant and glucose intolerant (P < 0.05). DEX rat islets secreted more insulin in response to glucose (P < 0.05). DEX rats had significant reductions in the masses of the parotid (29%) and submandibular (16%) glands (P < 0.05) that was associated with reduced salivary flux rate. The hypotrophy in both glands observed in the DEX group was associated with marked reduction in the volume of the acinar cells in these glands of 50% and 26% respectively (P < 0.05). The total number of acinar cells was increased in the submandibular glands of the DEX rats (P < 0.05) but not in the parotid glands. The levels of proteins related to insulin and survival signalling in both glands did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, the long-term administration of dexamethasone caused IR, which was associated with significant reductions in both mass and flux rate of the salivary glands. The parotid and submandibular glands exhibited reduced acinar cell volume; however, the submandibular glands displayed acinar hyperplasia, indicating a gland-specific response to GCs. Our data emphasize that GC-based therapies and insulin-resistant states have a negative impact on salivary gland homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Bighetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Bauru, Brazil
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Karpovets TP, Konopelnyuk VV, Galenova TI, Savchuk AN, Ostapchenko LI. High-calorie diet as a factor of prediabetes development in rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 156:639-41. [PMID: 24770747 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We studied the key parameters of the development of prediabetic state in rats maintained on a high-calorie diet. It was found that long-term feeding a high-calorie diet increased blood concentration of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin and reduced the rate of glucose uptake in comparison with rats receiving standard ration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Karpovets
- Education-Scientific Center Institute of Biology, T. Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kyiv, Ukraine,
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Rafacho A, Gonçalves-Neto LM, Santos-Silva JC, Alonso-Magdalena P, Merino B, Taboga SR, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Nadal A, Quesada I. Pancreatic alpha-cell dysfunction contributes to the disruption of glucose homeostasis and compensatory insulin hypersecretion in glucocorticoid-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93531. [PMID: 24705399 PMCID: PMC3976288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-based therapies can cause insulin resistance (IR), glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia and, occasionally, overt diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms behind these metabolic disorders could improve the management of glucose homeostasis in patients undergoing GC treatment. For this purpose, adult rats were treated with a daily injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) (DEX) or saline as a control for 5 consecutive days. The DEX rats developed IR, augmented glycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia. Treatment of the DEX rats with a glucagon receptor antagonist normalized their blood glucose level. The characteristic inhibitory effect of glucose on glucagon secretion was impaired in the islets of the DEX rats, while no direct effects were found on α-cells in islets that were incubated with DEX in vitro. A higher proportion of docked secretory granules was found in the DEX α-cells as well as a trend towards increased α-cell mass. Additionally, insulin secretion in the presence of glucagon was augmented in the islets of the DEX rats, which was most likely due to their higher glucagon receptor content. We also found that the enzyme 11βHSD-1, which participates in GC metabolism, contributed to the insulin hypersecretion in the DEX rats under basal glucose conditions. Altogether, we showed that GC treatment induces hyperglucagonemia, which contributes to an imbalance in glucose homeostasis and compensatory β-cell hypersecretion. This hyperglucagonemia may result from altered α-cell function and, likely, α-cell mass. Additionally, blockage of the glucagon receptor seems to be effective in preventing the elevation in blood glucose levels induced by GC administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AR); (IQ)
| | - Luiz M. Gonçalves-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Junia C. Santos-Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Institute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Institute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, and Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Institute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- * E-mail: (AR); (IQ)
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25
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Rafacho A. Effects of glucocorticoids and exercise on pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes development: comments on Beaudry and Riddel. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:120-1. [PMID: 24500990 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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26
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Protzek AOP, Costa-Júnior JM, Rezende LF, Santos GJ, Araújo TG, Vettorazzi JF, Ortis F, Carneiro EM, Rafacho A, Boschero AC. Augmented β-Cell Function and Mass in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rodents Are Associated with Increased Islet Ir-β /AKT/mTOR and Decreased AMPK/ACC and AS160 Signaling. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:983453. [PMID: 25313308 PMCID: PMC4182854 DOI: 10.1155/2014/983453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) therapies may adversely cause insulin resistance (IR) that lead to a compensatory hyperinsulinemia due to insulin hypersecretion. The increased β-cell function is associated with increased insulin signaling that has the protein kinase B (AKT) substrate with 160 kDa (AS160) as an important downstream AKT effector. In muscle, both insulin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling phosphorylate and inactivate AS160, which favors the glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 translocation to plasma membrane. Whether AS160 phosphorylation is modulated in islets from GC-treated subjects is unknown. For this, two animal models, Swiss mice and Wistar rats, were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) (1 mg/kg body weight) for 5 consecutive days. DEX treatment induced IR, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia in both species, but glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia only in rats. DEX treatment caused increased insulin secretion in response to glucose and augmented β-cell mass in both species that were associated with increased islet content and increased phosphorylation of the AS160 protein. Protein AKT phosphorylation, but not AMPK phosphorylation, was found significantly enhanced in islets from DEX-treated animals. We conclude that the augmented β-cell function developed in response to the GC-induced IR involves inhibition of the islet AS160 protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O. P. Protzek
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José M. Costa-Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gomes Araújo
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean F. Vettorazzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- *Antonio C. Boschero:
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Gomes PR, Graciano MF, Pantaleão LC, Rennó AL, Rodrigues SC, Velloso LA, Latorraca MQ, Carpinelli AR, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Long-term disruption of maternal glucose homeostasis induced by prenatal glucocorticoid treatment correlates with miR-29 upregulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E109-20. [PMID: 24253049 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00364.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) during pregnancy is strongly associated with the programming of glucose intolerance in the offspring. However, the impact of high GC levels on maternal metabolism is not clearly documented. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that mothers exposed to elevated levels of GCs might also display long-term disturbances in glucose homeostasis. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered noninvasively to the mothers via drinking water between the 14th and the 19th days of pregnancy. Mothers were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 mo postweaning. Pregnant rats not treated with DEX and age-matched virgin rats were used as controls. Pancreatic islets were isolated at the 20th day of pregnancy and 12 mo postweaning in order to evaluate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The expression of the miR-29 family was also studied due to its responsiveness to GCs and its well-documented role in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function. Rats treated with DEX during pregnancy presented long-term glucose intolerance and impaired insulin secretion. These changes correlated with 1) increased expression of miR-29 and its regulator p53, 2) reduced expression of syntaxin-1a, a direct target of miR-29, and 3) altered expression of genes related to cellular senescence. Our data demonstrate that the use of DEX during pregnancy results in deleterious outcomes to the maternal metabolism, hallmarked by reduced insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. This maternal metabolic programming might be a consequence of time-sustained upregulation of miR-29s in maternal pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia R Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are stress hormones primarily responsible for mobilizing glucose to the circulation. Due to this effect, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance are concerns in patients with endogenous overproduction of GCs and in patients prescribed GC-based therapy. In addition, hypercortisolemic conditions share many characteristics with the metabolic syndrome. This study reports on a thorough characterization, in terms of glucose control and lipid handling, of a mouse model where corticosterone is given via the drinking water. C57BL/6J mice were treated with corticosterone (100 or 25 μg/ml) or vehicle in their drinking water for 5 weeks after which they were subjected to insulin or glucose tolerance tests. GC-treated mice displayed increased food intake, body weight gain, and central fat deposit accumulations. In addition, the GC treatment led to dyslipidemia as well as accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and skeletal muscle, having a substantial negative effect on insulin sensitivity. Also glucose intolerance and hypertension, both part of the metabolic syndrome, were evident in the GC-treated mice. However, the observed effects of corticosterone were reversed after drug removal. Furthermore, this study reveals insights into β-cell adaptation to the GC-induced insulin resistance. Increased pancreatic islet volume due to cell proliferation, increased insulin secretion capacity, and increased islet chaperone expression were found in GC-treated animals. This model mimics the human metabolic syndrome. It could be a valuable model for studying the complex mechanisms behind the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, as well as the multifaceted relations between GC excess and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Fransson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden Division of Drug Research, Experimental Renal Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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Nunes EA, Gonçalves-Neto LM, Ferreira FB, dos Santos C, Fernandes LC, Boschero AC, Calder PC, Rafacho A. Glucose intolerance induced by glucocorticoid excess is further impaired by co-administration with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1137-46. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) excess alters glucose homeostasis and promotes modifications in murinometric and anthropometric parameters in rodents and humans, respectively. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, has been proposed as a nutritional strategy for preventing muscle wasting, but few data regarding its effects on glucose homeostasis are available. Here, we analyzed whether the effects of GC excess on glucose homeostasis may be attenuated or exacerbated by the concomitant ingestion of HMB. Adult Wistar rats (90-days-old) were assigned to four groups: (1) vehicle treated (Ctl), (2) dexamethasone (DEX) treated (Dex), (3) HMB treated (Hmb), and (4) DEX plus HMB treated (DexHmb). Dex groups received DEX (1 mg·kg body weight (BW)−1, intraperitoneal) for 5 consecutive days. HMB groups ingested HMB (320 mg·kg BW−1, oral gavage) for the same 5 days. HMB ingestion did not attenuate the effects of DEX on food intake and body weight loss, changes in masses of several organs, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance (p > 0.05). In fact, in DexHmb rats, there was increased fasting glycemia and exacerbated glucose intolerance with the main effect attributed to DEX treatment (p < 0.05). HMB exerted no attenuating effect on plasma triacylglycerol levels from DexHmb rats, but it seems to attenuate the lipolysis induced by β-adrenergic stimulation (20 μmol·L−1isoproterenol) in fragments of retroperitoneal adipose tissue from DexHmb rats. Therefore, HMB does not attenuate the diabetogenic characteristics of GC excess. In fact, the data suggest that HMB may exacerbate GC-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A. Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz M. Gonçalves-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francielle B.D. Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
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Beaudry JL, D'souza AM, Teich T, Tsushima R, Riddell MC. Exogenous glucocorticoids and a high-fat diet cause severe hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and limit islet glucose responsiveness in young male Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3197-208. [PMID: 23766132 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Corticosterone (CORT) and other glucocorticoids cause peripheral insulin resistance and compensatory increases in β-cell mass. A prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) induces insulin resistance and impairs β-cell insulin secretion. This study examined islet adaptive capacity in rats treated with CORT and a HFD. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (age ∼6 weeks) were given exogenous CORT (400 mg/rat) or wax (placebo) implants and placed on a HFD (60% calories from fat) or standard diet (SD) for 2 weeks (N = 10 per group). CORT-HFD rats developed fasting hyperglycemia (>11 mM) and hyperinsulinemia (∼5-fold higher than controls) and were 15-fold more insulin resistant than placebo-SD rats by the end of ∼2 weeks (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR] levels, 15.08 ± 1.64 vs 1.0 ± 0.12, P < .05). Pancreatic β-cell function, as measured by HOMA-β, was lower in the CORT-HFD group as compared to the CORT-SD group (1.64 ± 0.22 vs 3.72 ± 0.64, P < .001) as well as acute insulin response (0.25 ± 0.22 vs 1.68 ± 0.41, P < .05). Moreover, β- and α-cell mass were 2.6- and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, in CORT-HFD animals compared to controls (both P < .05). CORT treatment increased p-protein kinase C-α content in SD but not HFD-fed rats, suggesting that a HFD may lower insulin secretory capacity via impaired glucose sensing. Isolated islets from CORT-HFD animals secreted more insulin in both low and high glucose conditions; however, total insulin content was relatively depleted after glucose challenge. Thus, CORT and HFD, synergistically not independently, act to promote severe insulin resistance, which overwhelms islet adaptive capacity, thereby resulting in overt hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Beaudry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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31
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Rafacho A, Gonçalves-Neto LM, Ferreira FBD, Protzek AOP, Boschero AC, Nunes EA, Zoccal DB. Glucose homoeostasis in rats exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:77-89. [PMID: 23692825 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia commonly induces the activation of sympathetic tonus and the disruption of glucose homoeostasis. However, the effects of exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) on glucose homoeostasis are not yet fully elucidated. Herein, we evaluated parameters related to glucose metabolism in rats exposed to AIH. METHODS Male adult rats were submitted to 10 episodes of hypoxia (6% O2 , for 45 s) interspersed with 5-min intervals of normoxia (21%), while the control (CTL) group was kept in normoxia. RESULTS Acute intermittent hypoxia rats presented higher fasting glycaemia, normal insulinaemia, increased lactataemia and similar serum lipid levels, compared to controls (n = 10, P < 0.05). Additionally, AIH rats exhibited increased glucose tolerance (GT) (n = 10, P < 0.05) and augmented insulin sensitivity (IS) (n = 10, P < 0.05). The p-Akt/Akt protein ratio was increased in the muscle, but not in the liver and adipose tissue of AIH rats (n = 6, P < 0.05). The elevated glycaemia in AIH rats was associated with a reduction in the hepatic glycogen content (n = 10, P < 0.05). Moreover, the AIH-induced increase in blood glucose concentration, as well as reduced hepatic glycogen content, was prevented by prior systemic administration of the β-adrenergic antagonist (P < 0.05). The effects of AIH on glycaemia and Akt phosphorylation were transient and not observed after 60 min. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that AIH induces an increase in blood glucose concentration as a result of hepatic glycogenolysis recruitment through sympathetic activation. The augmentation of GT and IS might be attributed, at least in part, to increased β-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation and Akt protein activation in skeletal muscles, leading to a higher glucose availability and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Centre of Biological Sciences; UFSC - Federal University of de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis; Santa Catarina; Brazil
| | - L. M. Gonçalves-Neto
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Centre of Biological Sciences; UFSC - Federal University of de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis; Santa Catarina; Brazil
| | - F. B. D. Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Centre of Biological Sciences; UFSC - Federal University of de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis; Santa Catarina; Brazil
| | - A. O. P. Protzek
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; UNICAMP - State University of Campinas; Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - A. C. Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; UNICAMP - State University of Campinas; Campinas; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - E. A. Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Centre of Biological Sciences; UFSC - Federal University of de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis; Santa Catarina; Brazil
| | - D. B. Zoccal
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Centre of Biological Sciences; UFSC - Federal University of de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis; Santa Catarina; Brazil
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Cummings BP, Bremer AA, Kieffer TJ, D'Alessio D, Havel PJ. Investigation of the mechanisms contributing to the compensatory increase in insulin secretion during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rhesus macaques. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:207-15. [PMID: 23151361 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone has well-described effects to induce insulin resistance and increase insulin secretion. Herein, we examined potential contributors to the effect of dexamethasone to increase insulin secretion in rhesus macaques. Six male rhesus macaques received daily injections of either saline or dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg i.m. for 7 days) in random order with 3 weeks between treatments. At the end of the treatment period, animals were fasted overnight and underwent a feeding study the next day, during which blood samples were taken before and for 60 min after a meal in order to assess islet hormone and incretin secretion. Dexamethasone induced marked increases in fasting plasma insulin, glucagon, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations (P<0.05). Surprisingly, the glycemic response after meal ingestion was decreased twofold during dexamethasone treatment (P<0.05). Dexamethasone-treated animals exhibited a significant increase in both insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion during the feeding study (P<0.05). However, glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion was significantly lower in dexamethasone-treated animals compared with controls (P<0.01). Fasting and meal-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide concentrations (an index of the parasympathetic input to the islet) did not differ between saline and dexamethasone treatments. However, the proinsulin:insulin ratio was decreased throughout the feeding study with dexamethasone treatment suggesting an improvement of β-cell function (P<0.05). In conclusion, the maintenance of euglycemia and reduction of postprandial glycemia with short-term dexamethasone treatment appears to be due to the marked elevations of fasting and meal-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, increases in postprandial GIP secretion with dexamethasone treatment appear to contribute to the effect of dexamethasone treatment to increase insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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