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Werner ER, Arnold CD, Caswell BL, Iannotti LL, Maleta KM, Stewart CP. Associations of fish and meat intake with iron and anaemia in Malawian children. Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20:e13622. [PMID: 38217291 PMCID: PMC10981481 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Animal flesh foods are rich in bioavailable iron but infrequently consumed by young children. We aimed to determine whether flesh food intake was associated with iron and anaemia status among 585 Malawian infants enroled in a 6-month egg-feeding trial. The percentage of days of small fish, large fish and meat consumption were assessed through weekly 7-day animal-source food screeners. Grams of intake were assessed through 24-h recalls conducted at 6-9, 9-12 and 12-15 months of age. Plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and haemoglobin concentrations were measured at 6-9 and 12-15 months of age. Iron biomarkers were adjusted for inflammation during analysis. At enrolment, each flesh food category was consumed by <5% of children in the past 24 h. Over the next 6 months, small fish, large fish and meat were consumed on 25%, 8% and 6% of days, respectively, with mean usual intakes of <5 g/day. More frequent small fish consumption was associated with lower sTfR (geometric mean ratio [95% CI]: 0.98 mg/L [0.96, 1.00] per 10 percentage point difference) but not ferritin (1.03 µg/L [0.98, 1.07]) or haemoglobin (1.01 g/dL [1.00, 1.01]). Large fish consumption was associated with higher anaemia (prevalence ratio [95% CI]: 1.09 [1.01, 1.19]) and lower iron deficiency (0.96 [0.93, 1.00]) prevalence. Gram intakes of flesh food categories were not associated with any iron or anaemia indicators. Small fish were a primary contributor to flesh food intake in this cohort of Malawian children, although usual portions were small. Fish was associated with modest improvements to iron status, but meat was too infrequent to be associated with anaemia and iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Rochelle Werner
- Institute for Global NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Charles D. Arnold
- Institute for Global NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bess L. Caswell
- Institute for Global NutritionUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- U.S. Department of AgricultureWestern Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lora L. Iannotti
- E3 Nutrition LabWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Kenneth M. Maleta
- School of Global and Public HealthKamuzu University of Health SciencesBlantyreMalawi
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2
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Ragsdale K, Read-Wahidi MR, Mudege NN, Iannotti LL, Muzungaire L, Funduluka P. Sensory panel results of a dried fish powder supplement among caregivers and young children in Zambia. Public Health Nutr 2023; 27:e32. [PMID: 38031467 PMCID: PMC10897570 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acceptability of traditional Zambian dishes fortified with Complementary Food for Africa+Dried Fish Powder (ComFA+Fish), a locally sourced protein/micronutrient blend designed to impact nutrient deficiencies among infants and young children (IYC) and improve pregnancy and birth outcomes among women of reproductive age (WRA). DESIGN During two sensory panels, caregivers evaluated: (1) the acceptability of four ComFA+Fish dishes for household consumption, including fortified chibwabwa fisashi, savory Kapenta chutney, fortified complementary maize porridge and fortified bean-vegetable soup and (2) whether their IYC found the fortified complementary maize porridge acceptable. SETTING Lake Kariba, Southern Province, Zambia. PARTICIPANTS Women of reproductive age (n 42) and their IYC aged 6-11 months (n 16) and 12-23 months (n 26) were recruited from fishing villages in Gwembe, Siavonga and Sinazongwe District. RESULTS A majority of caregivers extremely liked/liked the: (1) fortified chibwabwa fisashi's sensory attributes (94·7 %), convenience (92·8 %) and overall acceptability (100 %); (2) savory Kapenta chutney's sensory attributes (81·8 %), convenience (92·8 %) and overall acceptability (100 %); (3) fortified complementary porridge's sensory attributes (83·5 %), convenience (90·5 %) and overall acceptability (88·1 %) and (4) fortified bean-vegetable soup's sensory attributes (66·8 %), convenience (87·5 %) and overall acceptability (87·5 %). Further, a majority of caregivers evaluated the fortified complementary porridge as highly acceptable to their IYC. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that ComFA+Fish is strategically well placed to fill nutritional gaps among IYC and WRA in Zambia and has the potential to be scaled across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ragsdale
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, PO Box 5287, Mississippi State, MS39762, USA
| | - Mary R Read-Wahidi
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, PO Box 5287, Mississippi State, MS39762, USA
| | | | - Lora L Iannotti
- Brown School, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Priscilla Funduluka
- School of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
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Crona BI, Wassénius E, Jonell M, Koehn JZ, Short R, Tigchelaar M, Daw TM, Golden CD, Gephart JA, Allison EH, Bush SR, Cao L, Cheung WWL, DeClerck F, Fanzo J, Gelcich S, Kishore A, Halpern BS, Hicks CC, Leape JP, Little DC, Micheli F, Naylor RL, Phillips M, Selig ER, Springmann M, Sumaila UR, Troell M, Thilsted SH, Wabnitz CCC. Four ways blue foods can help achieve food system ambitions across nations. Nature 2023; 616:104-112. [PMID: 36813964 PMCID: PMC10076219 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Blue foods, sourced in aquatic environments, are important for the economies, livelihoods, nutritional security and cultures of people in many nations. They are often nutrient rich1, generate lower emissions and impacts on land and water than many terrestrial meats2, and contribute to the health3, wellbeing and livelihoods of many rural communities4. The Blue Food Assessment recently evaluated nutritional, environmental, economic and justice dimensions of blue foods globally. Here we integrate these findings and translate them into four policy objectives to help realize the contributions that blue foods can make to national food systems around the world: ensuring supplies of critical nutrients, providing healthy alternatives to terrestrial meat, reducing dietary environmental footprints and safeguarding blue food contributions to nutrition, just economies and livelihoods under a changing climate. To account for how context-specific environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects affect this contribution, we assess the relevance of each policy objective for individual countries, and examine associated co-benefits and trade-offs at national and international scales. We find that in many African and South American nations, facilitating consumption of culturally relevant blue food, especially among nutritionally vulnerable population segments, could address vitamin B12 and omega-3 deficiencies. Meanwhile, in many global North nations, cardiovascular disease rates and large greenhouse gas footprints from ruminant meat intake could be lowered through moderate consumption of seafood with low environmental impact. The analytical framework we provide also identifies countries with high future risk, for whom climate adaptation of blue food systems will be particularly important. Overall the framework helps decision makers to assess the blue food policy objectives most relevant to their geographies, and to compare and contrast the benefits and trade-offs associated with pursuing these objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice I Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emmy Wassénius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Zachary Koehn
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Short
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tim M Daw
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher D Golden
- Dept. of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Dept. of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Simon R Bush
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Fanzo
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC, USA
- Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stefan Gelcich
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecologia Costera, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Avinash Kishore
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), New Delhi, India
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - James P Leape
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Rosamond L Naylor
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R Selig
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Max Troell
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Byrd KA, Cohen PJ, Wesana J, Chimatiro S. Improving access to aquatic foods. Nat Food 2022; 3:986-987. [PMID: 37118315 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Byrd
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK.
| | - Phillipa J Cohen
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua Wesana
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Sloans Chimatiro
- Tayali Analytics, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Policy Research Network for Fisheries & Aquaculture in Africa, Lilongwe, Malawi
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5
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Robinson JPW, Mills DJ, Asiedu GA, Byrd K, Mancha Cisneros MDM, Cohen PJ, Fiorella KJ, Graham NAJ, MacNeil MA, Maire E, Mbaru EK, Nico G, Omukoto JO, Simmance F, Hicks CC. Small pelagic fish supply abundant and affordable micronutrients to low- and middle-income countries. Nat Food 2022; 3:1075-1084. [PMID: 37118295 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild-caught fish provide an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients in food-insecure places. Fishers catch thousands of species, yet the diversity of aquatic foods is often categorized homogeneously as 'fish', obscuring an understanding of which species supply affordable, nutritious and abundant food. Here, we use catch, economic and nutrient data on 2,348 species to identify the most affordable and nutritious fish in 39 low- and middle-income countries. We find that a 100 g portion of fish cost between 10 and 30% of the cheapest daily diet, with small pelagic fish (herring, sardine, anchovy) being the cheapest nutritious fish in 72% of countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, where nutrient deficiencies are rising, <20% of small pelagic catch would meet recommended dietary fish intakes for all children (6 months to 4 years old) living near to water bodies. Nutrition-sensitive policies that ensure local supplies and promote consumption of wild-caught fish could help address nutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Mills
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Kendra Byrd
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Maria Del Mar Mancha Cisneros
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Philippa J Cohen
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Emmanuel K Mbaru
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Gianluigi Nico
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Johnstone O Omukoto
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Fiona Simmance
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
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6
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Byrd KA, Shieh J, Mork S, Pincus L, O'Meara L, Atkins M, Thilsted SH. Fish and Fish-Based Products for Nutrition and Health in the First 1000 Days: A Systematic Review of the Evidence from Low and Middle-Income Countries. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2458-2487. [PMID: 36166842 PMCID: PMC9776644 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish provide essential nutrients for the critical window of growth and development in the first 1000 d of life and are thus an attractive option for inclusion in nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific programming. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence for fish and fish-based products for nutrition and health outcomes during the first 1000 d of life in low- and middle-income countries, searching the peer-reviewed and gray literature from 1999 to 2020. Databases included PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and the Clinical Trials repository. Our search returned 1135 articles, 39 of which met the inclusion criteria. All studies were dual evaluated for risk of bias. Of the included studies, 18 measured maternal health and nutrition outcomes and 24 measured infant/child outcomes (3 measured both). Our search uncovered 10 impact evaluations, all of which measured consumption of fish or fish-based complementary food products in children aged 6-24 mo. We did not find strong evidence for fish consumption in children improving child growth from the impact evaluations; however, the studies were highly heterogeneous in their design and likely underpowered to detect an effect. Results from observational studies were mixed but provided evidence that adding fish to maternal and child diets is associated with improved nutrition outcomes, such as reducing the risk of anemia and improving vitamin D status. Given the nutrient richness of fish and the fact that production is often more environmentally friendly as compared with other animal source foods, more robust evidence is needed on the role of fish consumption in nutrition interventions to inform policy and programming recommendations in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lydia O'Meara
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Molly Atkins
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia,International Development Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Simmance FA, Nico G, Funge-Smith S, Basurto X, Franz N, Teoh SJ, Byrd KA, Kolding J, Ahern M, Cohen PJ, Nankwenya B, Gondwe E, Virdin J, Chimatiro S, Nagoli J, Kaunda E, Thilsted SH, Mills DJ. Proximity to small-scale inland and coastal fisheries is associated with improved income and food security. Commun Earth Environ 2022; 3:174. [PMID: 35966220 PMCID: PMC9362682 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poverty and food insecurity persist in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from three sub-Saharan Africa countries (Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda) to investigate how both proximity to and engagement with small-scale fisheries are associated with household poverty and food insecurity. Results from the analysis suggest that households engaged in small-scale fisheries were 9 percentage points less likely to be poor than households engaged only in agriculture. Households living in proximity to small-scale fisheries (average distance 2.7 km) were 12.6 percentage points more likely to achieve adequate food security and were 15 percentage points less likely to be income poor, compared to the most distant households. Households distant from fishing grounds (>5 km) were 1.5 times more likely to consume dried fish compared to households living close. Conserving the flow of benefits from small-scale fisheries is important for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluigi Nico
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Funge-Smith
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Nicole Franz
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Molly Ahern
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Edith Gondwe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - John Virdin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Kaunda
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - David J. Mills
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Hasselberg AE, Nøstbakken OJ, Aakre I, Madsen L, Atter A, Steiner-Asiedu M, Kjellevold M. Nutrient and contaminant exposure from smoked European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus): Implications for children's health in Ghana. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Chan CY, Tran N, Cheong KC, Sulser TB, Cohen PJ, Wiebe K, Nasr-Allah AM. The future of fish in Africa: Employment and investment opportunities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261615. [PMID: 34936682 PMCID: PMC8694441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most pressing challenges facing food systems in Africa is ensuring availability of a healthy and sustainable diet to 2.4 billion people by 2050. The continent has struggled with development challenges, particularly chronic food insecurity and pervasive poverty. In Africa's food systems, fish and other aquatic foods play a multifaceted role in generating income, and providing a critical source of essential micronutrients. To date, there are no estimates of investment and potential returns for domestic fish production in Africa. To contribute to policy debates about the future of fish in Africa, we applied the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agriculture Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) to explore two Pan-African scenarios for fish sector growth: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and a high-growth scenario for capture fisheries and aquaculture with accompanying strong gross domestic product growth (HIGH). Post-model analysis was used to estimate employment and aquaculture investment requirements for the sector in Africa. Africa's fish sector is estimated to support 20.7 million jobs in 2030, and 21.6 million by 2050 under the BAU. Approximately 2.6 people will be employed indirectly along fisheries and aquaculture value chains for every person directly employed in the fish production stage. Under the HIGH scenario, total employment in Africa's fish food system will reach 58.0 million jobs, representing 2.4% of total projected population in Africa by 2050. Aquaculture production value is estimated to achieve US$ 3.3 billion and US$ 20.4 billion per year under the BAU and HIGH scenarios by 2050, respectively. Farm-gate investment costs for the three key inputs (fish feeds, farm labor, and fish seed) to achieve the aquaculture volumes projected by 2050 are estimated at US$ 1.8 billion per year under the BAU and US$ 11.6 billion per year under the HIGH scenario. Sustained investments are critical to sustain capture fisheries and support aquaculture growth for food system transformation towards healthier diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy B. Sulser
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Keith Wiebe
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
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de Bruyn J, Wesana J, Bunting SW, Thilsted SH, Cohen PJ. Fish Acquisition and Consumption in the African Great Lakes Region through a Food Environment Lens: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2408. [PMID: 34371918 PMCID: PMC8308864 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective actions for the fishery and aquaculture sectors to contribute toward improving nutrition rely on an understanding of the factors influencing fish intake, particularly amongst vulnerable populations. This scoping review synthesises evidence from 33 studies in the African Great Lakes Region to examine the influence of food environments on fish acquisition and consumption. We identified only two studies that explicitly applied a food environment framework and none that linked policy conditions with the contribution of fish to diets. Economic access to fish was represented in the largest number of included studies (21 studies), followed by preferences, acceptability and desirability of fish (17 studies) and availability and physical access (14 studies). Positive perceptions of taste and low cost, relative to other animal-source foods, were drivers of fish purchases in many settings; however, limited physical and economic access were frequently identified as preventing optimal intake. In lakeside communities, fish were increasingly directed toward external markets which reduced the availability and affordability of fish for local households. Few studies considered intra-household variations in fish access according to age, gender or physiological status, which represents an important knowledge gap. There is also scope for future research on seasonal influences on fish access and the design and rigorous evaluation of programmes and policies that address one or more constraints of availability, cost, convenience and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia de Bruyn
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK; (J.W.); (S.W.B.)
- Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua Wesana
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK; (J.W.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Stuart W. Bunting
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK; (J.W.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Shakuntala H. Thilsted
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas 11960, Penang, Malaysia; (S.H.T.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Philippa J. Cohen
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas 11960, Penang, Malaysia; (S.H.T.); (P.J.C.)
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