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Guo Y, Mao W, Bai N, Jin L, Tang S, Lin X, Ni J, Liu X, Fu H, Shou Q. Integrated network pharmacological analysis revealed that Smilax glabra Roxb. alleviates IMQ-induced psoriatic skin inflammation through regulating T cell immune response. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117836. [PMID: 38301985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunctional T cells and dysregulated immune responses. Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) is a formulation used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis. This study explores the scientific basis for its use by examining the effects of SGR on T cell differentiation and insulin receptor signaling, relevant pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the therapeutic potential of SGR (a Chinese medicine) in psoriasis and its impact on T cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated network pharmacology and bioinformatics approach was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of SGR in regulating T cell differentiation. A psoriasis mouse model was utilized to evaluate the effects of SGR on T cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses were conducted to investigate the modulation of insulin receptor signaling pathways by SGR. RESULTS SGR treatment effectively reset the expression of various T cell subsets in the psoriasis mouse model, suggesting its ability to regulate T cell differentiation and immune function. Furthermore, SGR treatment inhibited insulin receptor signaling and downstream pathways, including PI3K/AKT and ERK, in psoriatic skin lesions. This indicates that SGR may exert its therapeutic effects through modulation of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of SGR in psoriasis. By modulating T cell differentiation and targeting the insulin receptor signaling pathway, SGR holds promise as a potential treatment option for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Guo
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Weiye Mao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Zhezhong Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Shuiyan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jianyu Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Huiying Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; Zhezhong Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Kratchmarov R, Djeddi S, Dunlap G, He W, Jia X, Burk CM, Ryan T, McGill A, Allegretti JR, Kataru RP, Mehrara BJ, Taylor EM, Agarwal S, Bhattacharyya N, Bergmark RW, Maxfield AZ, Lee S, Roditi R, Dwyer DF, Boyce JA, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Shreffler WG, Rao DA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Brennan PJ. TCF1-LEF1 co-expression identifies a multipotent progenitor cell (T H2-MPP) across human allergic diseases. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:902-915. [PMID: 38589618 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to antigen in chronic infection and cancer drives T cell exhaustion, limiting adaptive immunity. In contrast, aberrant, sustained T cell responses can persist over decades in human allergic disease. To understand these divergent outcomes, we employed bioinformatic, immunophenotyping and functional approaches with human diseased tissues, identifying an abundant population of type 2 helper T (TH2) cells with co-expression of TCF7 and LEF1, and features of chronic activation. These cells, which we termed TH2-multipotent progenitors (TH2-MPP) could self-renew and differentiate into cytokine-producing effector cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells. Single-cell T-cell-receptor lineage tracing confirmed lineage relationships between TH2-MPP, TH2 effectors, Treg cells and TFH cells. TH2-MPP persisted despite in vivo IL-4 receptor blockade, while thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) drove selective expansion of progenitor cells and rendered them insensitive to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in vitro. Together, our data identify TH2-MPP as an aberrant T cell population with the potential to sustain type 2 inflammation and support the paradigm that chronic T cell responses can be coordinated over time by progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Kratchmarov
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Djeddi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Garrett Dunlap
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenqin He
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojiong Jia
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Burk
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alanna McGill
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin M Taylor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shailesh Agarwal
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Z Maxfield
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Roditi
- Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lin Q, Cai B, Ke R, Chen L, Ni X, Liu H, Lin X, Wang B, Shan X. Integrative bioinformatics and experimental validation of hub genetic markers in acne vulgaris: Toward personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1777-1799. [PMID: 38268224 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic inflammatory dermatological condition. The precise molecular and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. This research synthesizes existing databases, targeting a comprehensive exploration of core genetic markers. METHODS Gene expression datasets (GSE6475, GSE108110, and GSE53795) were retrieved from the GEO. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package. Enrichment analyses were conducted using GSVA for pathway assessment and clusterProfiler for GO and KEGG analyses. PPI networks and immune cell infiltration were analyzed using the STRING database and ssGSEA, respectively. We investigated the correlation between hub gene biomarkers and immune cell infiltration using Spearman's rank analysis. ROC curve analysis validated the hub genes' diagnostic accuracy. miRNet, TarBase v8.0, and ChEA3 identified miRNA/transcription factor-gene interactions, while DrugBank delineated drug-gene interactions. Experiments utilized HaCaT cells stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes, treated with retinoic acid and methotrexate, and evaluated using RT-qPCR, ELISA, western blot, lentiviral transduction, CCK-8, wound-healing, and transwell assays. RESULTS There were 104 genes with consistent differences across the three datasets of paired acne and normal skin. Functional analyses emphasized the significant enrichment of these DEGs in immune-related pathways. PPI network analysis pinpointed hub genes PTPRC, CXCL8, ITGB2, and MMP9 as central players in acne pathogenesis. Elevated levels of specific immune cell infiltration in acne lesions corroborated the inflammatory nature of the disease. ROC curve analysis identified the acne diagnostic potential of four hub genes. Key miRNAs, particularly hsa-mir-124-3p, and central transcription factors like TFEC were noted as significant regulators. In vitro validation using HaCaT cells confirmed the upregulation of hub genes following Propionibacterium acnes exposure, while CXCL8 knockdown reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and migration. DrugBank insights led to the exploration of retinoic acid and methotrexate, both of which mitigated gene expression upsurge and inflammatory mediator secretion. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study elucidated pivotal genes associated with acne pathogenesis, notably PTPRC, CXCL8, ITGB2, and MMP9. The findings underscore potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and the therapeutic potential of agents like retinoic acid and methotrexate. The congruence between bioinformatics and experimental validations suggests promising avenues for personalized acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Beichen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruonan Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuejun Ni
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuying Shan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Schepps S, Xu J, Yang H, Mandel J, Mehta J, Tolotta J, Baker N, Tekmen V, Nikbakht N, Fortina P, Fuentes I, LaFleur B, Cho RJ, South AP. Skin in the game: a review of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in dermatological research. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1245. [PMID: 38656304 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) are two emerging research technologies that uniquely characterize gene expression microenvironments on a cellular or subcellular level. The skin, a clinically accessible tissue composed of diverse, essential cell populations, serves as an ideal target for these high-resolution investigative approaches. Using these tools, researchers are assembling a compendium of data and discoveries in healthy skin as well as a range of dermatologic pathophysiologies, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and cutaneous malignancies. The ongoing advancement of single-cell approaches, coupled with anticipated decreases in cost with increased adoption, will reshape dermatologic research, profoundly influencing disease characterization, prognosis, and ultimately clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Schepps
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Mandel
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaanvi Mehta
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julianna Tolotta
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Baker
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Volkan Tekmen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neda Nikbakht
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics, Milan, Italy
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Directora de Investigación Fundación DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bonnie LaFleur
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics, Milan, Italy
- R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Raymond J Cho
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics, Milan, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, 6559 Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
- International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics, Milan, Italy
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Sieminska I, Pieniawska M, Grzywa TM. The Immunology of Psoriasis-Current Concepts in Pathogenesis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7. [PMID: 38642273 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases with a chronic, relapsing-remitting course. The last decades of intense research uncovered a pathological network of interactions between immune cells and other types of cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Emerging evidence indicates that dendritic cells, TH17 cells, and keratinocytes constitute a pathogenic triad in psoriasis. Dendritic cells produce TNF-α and IL-23 to promote T cell differentiation toward TH17 cells that produce key psoriatic cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-22. Their activity results in skin inflammation and activation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In addition, other cells and signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including TH9 cells, TH22 cells, CD8+ cytotoxic cells, neutrophils, γδ T cells, and cytokines and chemokines secreted by them. New insights from high-throughput analysis of lesional skin identified novel signaling pathways and cell populations involved in the pathogenesis. These studies not only expanded our knowledge about the mechanisms of immune response and the pathogenesis of psoriasis but also resulted in a revolution in the clinical management of patients with psoriasis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immune response in psoriatic inflammation is crucial for further studies, the development of novel therapeutic strategies, and the clinical management of psoriasis patients. The aim of the review was to comprehensively present the dysregulation of immune response in psoriasis with an emphasis on recent findings. Here, we described the role of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as non-immune cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and platelets in the initiation, development, and progression of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sieminska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pieniawska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Grzywa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
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6
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Taylor MA, El Kurdi A, Hailer A, Wang S, Yuan M, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhutani T, North JP, Cho RJ, Cheng JB. Optimizing Single T-Cell Transcriptomic Discrimination of Atopic Dermatitis Versus Psoriasis Vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:898-901.e3. [PMID: 37879399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ashley Hailer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michelle Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tina Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey P North
- Dermatopathology Service, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
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7
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Ermann J, Lefton M, Wei K, Gutierrez-Arcelus M. Understanding Spondyloarthritis Pathogenesis: The Promise of Single-Cell Profiling. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:144-154. [PMID: 38227172 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Single-cell profiling, either in suspension or within the tissue context, is a rapidly evolving field. The purpose of this review is to outline recent advancements and emerging trends with a specific focus on studies in spondyloarthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of sequencing-based approaches for the quantification of RNA, protein, or epigenetic modifications at single-cell resolution has provided a major boost to discovery-driven research. Fluorescent flow cytometry, mass cytometry, and image-based cytometry continue to evolve. Spatial transcriptomics and imaging mass cytometry have extended high-dimensional analysis to cells in tissues. Applications in spondyloarthritis include the indexing and functional characterization of cells, discovery of disease-associated cell states, and identification of signatures associated with therapeutic responses. Single-cell TCR-seq has provided evidence for clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in spondyloarthritis. The use of single-cell profiling approaches in spondyloarthritis research is still in its early stages. Challenges include high cost and limited availability of diseased tissue samples. To harness the full potential of the rapidly expanding technical capabilities, large-scale collaborative efforts are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Ermann
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Micah Lefton
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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9
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Migayron L, Merhi R, Seneschal J, Boniface K. Resident memory T cells in nonlesional skin and healed lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases: Appearances can be deceptive. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:606-614. [PMID: 37995858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells serve as a first line of defense in peripheral tissues to protect the organism against foreign pathogens. However, autoreactive TRM cells are increasingly implicated in autoimmunity, as evidenced in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions. This highlights the need to characterize their phenotype and understand their role for the purpose of targeting them specifically without affecting local immunity. To date, the investigation of TRM cells in human skin diseases has focused mainly on lesional tissues of patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that self-reactive TRM cells are still present in clinically healed lesions of patients and play a role in disease flares, but TRM cells also populate skin that is apparently normal. This review discusses the ontogeny of TRM cells in the skin as well as recent insights regarding the presence of self-reactive TRM cells in both clinically healed skin and nonlesional skin of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, with a particular focus on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Migayron
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; R&D Department, SILAB, Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
| | - Ribal Merhi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, UMR Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR5164, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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10
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Lobão B, Lourenço D, Giga A, Mendes-Bastos P. From PsO to PsA: the role of T RM and Tregs in psoriatic disease, a systematic review of the literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1346757. [PMID: 38405187 PMCID: PMC10884248 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1346757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic skin condition driven by immune mediators like TNFα, INFγ, IL-17, and IL-23. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can develop in PsO patients. Although psoriatic lesions may apparently resolve with therapy, subclinical cutaneous inflammation may persist. The role of tissue-resident memory T-cells (TRM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) that also contribute to chronic inflammation are being explored in this context. This systematic review explores TRM and Tregs in psoriatic disease (PsD) and its progression. Methods A systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed using Pubmed® and Web of Science™ databases on June 3rd 2023, using patient/population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) criteria limited to the English language. Results A total of 62 reports were identified and included. In PsO, chronic inflammation is driven by cytokines including IL-17 and IL-23, and cellular mediators such as CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. TRM contributes to local inflammation, while Tregs may be dysfunctional in psoriatic skin lesions. Secukinumab and guselkumab, which target IL-17A and the IL-23p19 subunit, respectively, have different effects on CD8+ TRM and Tregs during PsO treatment. Inhibition of IL-23 may provide better long-term results due to its impact on the Treg to CD8+ TRM ratio. IL-23 may contribute to inflammation persisting even after treatment. In PsA, subclinical enthesitis is perceived as an early occurence, and Th17 cells are involved in this pathogenic process. Recent EULAR guidelines highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to intercept PsA. In PsA, CD8+ TRM cells are present in synovial fluid and Tregs are reduced in peripheral blood. The progression from PsO to PsA is marked by a shift in immune profiles, with specific T-cells subsets playing key roles in perpetuating inflammation. Early intervention targeting TRM cells may hold promising, but clinical studies are limited. Ongoing studies such as IVEPSA and PAMPA aim to improve our knowledge regarding PsA interception in high-risk PsO patients, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. Conclusion Early intervention is crucial for PsO patients at high risk of PsA; T cells, particularly type 17 helper T cells, and CD8+ cells are key in the progression from PsO-to-PsA. Early targeting of TRM in PsD shows promise but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Lobão
- Instituto Português de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Giga
- Janssen Portugal, Oeiras, Portugal
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11
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Aevermann BD, Di Domizio J, Olah P, Saidoune F, Armstrong JM, Bachelez H, Barker J, Haniffa M, Julia V, Juul K, Krishnaswamy JK, Litman T, Parsons I, Sarin KY, Schmuth M, Sierra M, Simpson M, Homey B, Griffiths CEM, Scheuermann RH, Gilliet M. Cross-Comparison of Inflammatory Skin Disease Transcriptomics Identifies PTEN as a Pathogenic Disease Classifier in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:252-262.e4. [PMID: 37598867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transcriptomics is used to uncover molecular dysregulations underlying diseases. However, the majority of transcriptomics studies focus on single diseases with limited relevance for understanding the molecular relationship between diseases or for identifying disease-specific markers. In this study, we used a normalization approach to compare gene expression across nine inflammatory skin diseases. The normalized datasets were found to retain differential expression signals that allowed unsupervised disease clustering and identification of disease-specific gene signatures. Using the NS-Forest algorithm, we identified a minimal set of biomarkers and validated their use as diagnostic disease classifier. Among them, PTEN was identified as being a specific marker for cutaneous lupus erythematosus and found to be strongly expressed by lesional keratinocytes in association with pathogenic type I IFNs. In fact, PTEN facilitated the expression of IFN-β and IFN-κ in keratinocytes by promoting activation and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Thus, cross-comparison of tissue transcriptomics is a valid strategy to establish a molecular disease classification and to identify pathogenic disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Aevermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Olah
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fanny Saidoune
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Bachelez
- Department of Dermatology, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Parsons
- Celgene International Sarl, Boudry, Switzerland
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Zhang H, Wang M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Chen X, Su J. Role of stress in skin diseases: A neuroendocrine-immune interaction view. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:286-302. [PMID: 38128623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a crucial factor in the development of many skin diseases, and the stigma caused by skin disorders may further increase the psychological burden, forming a vicious cycle of psychological stress leading to skin diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between stress and skin diseases is necessary. The skin, as the vital interface with the external environment, possesses its own complex immune system, and the neuroendocrine system plays a central role in the stress response of the body. Stress-induced alterations in the immune system can also disrupt the delicate balance of immune cells and inflammatory mediators in the skin, leading to immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to various skin diseases. Stress can also affect the skin barrier function, impair wound healing, and promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating existing skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and urticaria. In the present review, we explored the intricate relationship between stress and skin diseases from a neuroendocrine-immune interaction perspective. We explored the occurrence and development of skin diseases in the context of stress, the stress models for skin diseases, the impact of stress on skin function and diseases, and relevant epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Understanding the relationship between stress and skin diseases from a neuroendocrine-immune interaction perspective provides a comprehensive framework for targeted interventions and new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China; Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
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13
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Lee WH, Kim W. Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases: Beyond drug carriers. J Control Release 2024; 366:114-127. [PMID: 38145664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases represent a significant health concern, affecting approximately 20-25% of the global population. These conditions not only reduce an individual's quality of life but also impose a huge burden on both humanity and society. However, addressing these challenges is hindered by their chronic nature, insufficient therapeutic effectiveness, and the propensity for recurrence and adverse side effects. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a potential solution to these barriers, owing to its excellent attributes such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and targeted drug delivery. However, its practical application has been limited because endogenous hyaluronidase (HYAL) rapidly degrades HA in inflamed skin thus reducing its ability to penetrate deep into the skin. Interestingly, recent research has expanded the role of self-assembled HA-nanoparticles (HA-NPs) beyond drug carriers; they are resistant to HYAL, thereby enabling deep skin penetration, and possess inherent anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, these abilities can be fine-tuned depending on the conditions during particle synthesis. Additionally, their role as a drug delivery system holds potential for use as a multi-target drug or hybrid drug. In conclusion, this review aims to specifically introduce and highlight the emerging potential of HA-NPs as a topical treatment for inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Clister T, Fey RM, Garrison ZR, Valenzuela CD, Bar A, Leitenberger JJ, Kulkarni RP. Optimization of Tissue Digestion Methods for Characterization of Photoaged Skin by Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Preferential Enrichment of T Cell Subsets. Cells 2024; 13:266. [PMID: 38334658 PMCID: PMC10854603 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy human skin tissue is often used as a control for comparison to diseased skin in patients with skin pathologies, including skin cancers or other inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Although non-affected skin from these patients is a more appropriate choice for comparison, there is a paucity of studies examining such tissue. This lack is exacerbated by the difficulty of processing skin tissue for experimental analysis. In addition, choosing a processing protocol for skin tissue which preserves cell viability and identity while sufficiently dissociating cells for single-cell analysis is not a trivial task. Here, we compare three digestion methods for human skin tissue, evaluating the cell yield and viability for each protocol. We find that the use of a sequential dissociation method with multiple enzymatic digestion steps produces the highest cell viability. Using single-cell sequencing, we show this method results in a relative increase in the proportion of non-antigen-presenting mast cells and CD8 T cells as well as a relative decrease in the proportion of antigen-presenting mast cells and KYNU+ CD4 T cells. Overall, our findings support the use of this sequential digestion method on freshly processed human skin samples for optimal cell yield and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Clister
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Rosalyn M. Fey
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
| | | | - Anna Bar
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Justin J. Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Rajan P. Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.C.); (R.M.F.); (Z.R.G.); (A.B.); (J.J.L.)
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Operative Care Division, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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15
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Francis L, McCluskey D, Ganier C, Jiang T, Du-Harpur X, Gabriel J, Dhami P, Kamra Y, Visvanathan S, Barker JN, Smith CH, Capon F, Mahil SK. Single-cell analysis of psoriasis resolution demonstrates an inflammatory fibroblast state targeted by IL-23 blockade. Nat Commun 2024; 15:913. [PMID: 38291032 PMCID: PMC10828502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biologic therapies targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis have transformed the treatment of psoriasis. However, the early mechanisms of action of these drugs remain poorly understood. Here, we perform longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing in affected individuals receiving IL-23 inhibitor therapy. By profiling skin at baseline, day 3 and day 14 of treatment, we demonstrate that IL-23 blockade causes marked gene expression shifts, with fibroblast and myeloid populations displaying the most extensive changes at day 3. We also identify a transient WNT5A+/IL24+ fibroblast state, which is only detectable in lesional skin. In-silico and in-vitro studies indicate that signals stemming from these WNT5A+/IL24+ fibroblasts upregulate multiple inflammatory genes in keratinocytes. Importantly, the abundance of WNT5A+/IL24+ fibroblasts is significantly reduced after treatment. This observation is validated in-silico, by deconvolution of multiple transcriptomic datasets, and experimentally, by RNA in-situ hybridization. These findings demonstrate that the evolution of inflammatory fibroblast states is a key feature of resolving psoriasis skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Francis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel McCluskey
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clarisse Ganier
- Center of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Treasa Jiang
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Du-Harpur
- Center of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeyrroy Gabriel
- Center of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- Genomics Research Platform, King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Yogesh Kamra
- Genomics Research Platform, King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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16
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Wu D, Hailer AA, Wang S, Yuan M, Chan J, El Kurdi A, Han D, Ali H, D'Angio B, Mayer A, Rahim M, Kondo A, Klufas D, Kim E, Shain AH, Choi J, Bhutani T, Simpson G, Grekin RC, Ricardo-Gonzalez R, Purdom E, North JP, Cheng JB, Cho RJ. A single-cell atlas of IL-23 inhibition in cutaneous psoriasis distinguishes clinical response. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi2848. [PMID: 38277466 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris and other chronic inflammatory diseases improve markedly with therapeutic blockade of interleukin-23 (IL-23) signaling, but the genetic mechanisms underlying clinical responses remain poorly understood. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we profiled immune cells isolated from lesional psoriatic skin before and during IL-23 blockade. In clinically responsive patients, a psoriatic transcriptional signature in skin-resident memory T cells was strongly attenuated. In contrast, poorly responsive patients were distinguished by persistent activation of IL-17-producing T (T17) cells, a mechanism distinct from alternative cytokine signaling or resistance isolated to epidermal keratinocytes. Even in IL-23 blockade-responsive patients, we detected a recurring set of recalcitrant, disease-specific transcriptional abnormalities. This irreversible immunological state may necessitate ongoing IL-23 inhibition. Spatial transcriptomic analyses also suggested that successful IL-23 blockade requires dampening of >90% of IL-17-induced response in lymphocyte-adjacent keratinocytes, an unexpectedly high threshold. Collectively, our data establish a patient-level paradigm for dissecting responses to immunomodulatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Ashley A Hailer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Michelle Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jamie Chan
- Dermatopathology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hira Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Blaize D'Angio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aaron Mayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Rahim
- Enable Medicine, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Daniel Klufas
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tina Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Gregory Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Fresno, CA 93701,USA
| | - Roy C Grekin
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Roberto Ricardo-Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Elizabeth Purdom
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey P North
- Dermatopathology Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veterans Administration Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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Patel JR, Joel MZ, Lee KK, Kambala A, Cornman H, Oladipo O, Taylor M, Imo BU, Ma EZ, Manjunath J, Kollhoff AL, Deng J, Parthasarathy V, Cravero K, Marani M, Szeto M, Zhao R, Sankararaman S, Li R, Henry S, Pritchard T, Rebecca V, Kwatra MM, Ho WJ, Dong X, Kang S, Kwatra SG. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Dysregulated POSTN+WNT5A+ Fibroblast Subclusters in Prurigo Nodularis. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00021-6. [PMID: 38246584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an intensely pruritic, inflammatory skin disease with a poorly understood pathogenesis. We performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 28,695 lesional and nonlesional PN cells. Lesional PN has increased dysregulated fibroblasts (FBs) and myofibroblasts. FBs in lesional PN were shifted toward a cancer-associated FB-like phenotype, with POSTN+WNT5A+ cancer-associated FBs increased in PN and similarly so in squamous cell carcinoma. A multicenter cohort study revealed an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and cancer-associated FB-associated malignancies (breast and colorectal) in patients with PN. Systemic fibroproliferative diseases (renal sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) were upregulated in patients with PN. Ligand-receptor analyses demonstrated an FB neuronal axis with FB-derived WNT5A and periostin interactions with neuronal receptors melanoma cell adhesion molecule and ITGAV. These findings identify a pathogenic and targetable POSTN+WNT5A+ FB subpopulation that may predispose cancer-associated FB-associated malignancies in patients with PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina Z Joel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin K Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anusha Kambala
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olusola Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brenda Umenita Imo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Z Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaya Manjunath
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander L Kollhoff
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - June Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melika Marani
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mindy Szeto
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sreenidhi Sankararaman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanae Henry
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vito Rebecca
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Won Jin Ho
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Kim JE, Lee J, Huh YJ, Kim K, Chaparala V, Krueger JG, Kim J. Genomic Profiling of the Overlap Phenotype between Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:43-52.e6. [PMID: 37419444 PMCID: PMC11060321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.06.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical overlaps between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are sometimes undiscernible, and there is no consensus on whether to treat the overlap phenotype as psoriasis or AD. We enrolled 41 patients diagnosed with either psoriasis or AD and clinically re-stratified them into classic psoriasis (n = 11), classic AD (n = 13), and the overlap phenotype between psoriasis and AD (n = 17). We compared the gene expression profiles of lesional and nonlesional skin biopsy tissues and the proteomic profiles of blood samples among the three comparison groups. Global mRNA expression and T-cell subset cytokine expression in the skin and protein biomarker elevation in the blood of the overlap phenotype were consistent with the profiles of psoriasis and different from the profiles of AD. Unsupervised k-means clustering indicated that the best number of distinct clusters for the total population of the three comparison groups was two, and the two clusters of psoriasis and AD were differentiated by gene expression. Our study suggests that the clinical overlap phenotype between psoriasis and AD has dominant molecular features of psoriasis, and genomic biomarkers can differentiate psoriasis and AD at molecular levels in patients with a spectrum of psoriasis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bio-Bigdata Research Center, Hanyang Insitute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmi Lee
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Yun Jung Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Katherine Kim
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Vasuma Chaparala
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
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19
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Xu C, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhu L, Ruan Y, Huang Z, Wang J, Zhu H, Huang C, Pan M. Integrative single-cell analysis reveals distinct adaptive immune signatures in the cutaneous lesions of pemphigus. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103128. [PMID: 37939532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus, an autoimmune bullous disease affecting the skin and mucosal membranes, is primarily driven by anti-desmoglein (Dsg) autoantibodies. However, the underlying immune mechanisms of this disease remain largely elusive. Here, we compile an unbiased atlas of immune cells in pemphigus cutaneous lesions at single-cell resolution. We reveal clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) that exhibit variable hypermutation and accumulation of IgG4 class-switching in their immunoglobulin genes. Importantly, pathogenic Dsg-specific ASCs are localized within pemphigus lesions and can evolve from both Dsg-autoreactive and non-binding precursors. We observe an altered distribution of CD4+ T cell subsets within pemphigus lesions, including an imbalance of Th17/Th2 cells. Significantly, we identify a distinct subpopulation of Th17 cells expressing CXCL13 and IL-21 within pemphigus lesions, implying its pivotal role in B cell recruitment and local production of autoantibodies. Furthermore, we characterize multiple clonally expanded CD8+ subpopulations, including effector GMZB+ and GMZK+ subsets with augmented cytotoxic activities, within pemphigus lesions. Chemokine-receptor mapping uncovers cell-type-specific signaling programs involved in the recruitment of T/B cells within pemphigus lesions. Our findings significantly contribute to advancing the understanding of the heterogeneous immune microenvironment and the pathogenesis of pemphigus cutaneous lesions, thereby providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Yao P, Jia Y, Kan X, Chen J, Xu J, Xu H, Shao S, Ni B, Tang J. Identification of ADAM23 as a Potential Signature for Psoriasis Using Integrative Machine-Learning and Experimental Verification. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6051-6064. [PMID: 38148887 PMCID: PMC10750783 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s441262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease. Identifying novel and potential biomarkers is valuable in the treatment and diagnosis of psoriasis. The goal of this study was to identify novel key biomarkers of psoriasis and analyze the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Psoriasis-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differential genes in the datasets. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Candidate biomarkers for psoriasis were identified from the GSE30999 and GSE6710 datasets using four machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and were validated using the GSE41662 dataset. Next, we used CIBERSORT and single-cell RNA analysis to explore the relationship between ADAM23 and immune cells. Finally, we validated the expression of the identified biomarkers expressions in human and mouse experiments. Results A total of 709 overlapping DEGs were identified, including 426 upregulated and 283 downregulated genes. Enhanced by enrichment analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were spatially arranged in relation to immune cell involvement, immune-activating processes, and inflammatory signals. Based on the enrichment analysis, the DEGs were mapped to immune cell involvement, immune-activating processes, and inflammatory signals. Four machine learning strategies and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that ADAM23, a disintegrin and metalloprotease, may be a unique, critical biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy for psoriasis. Based on CIBERSORT analysis, ADAM23 was found to be associated with a variety of immune cells, such as macrophages and mast cells, and it was upregulated in the macrophages of psoriatic lesions in patients and mice. Conclusion ADAM23 may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of psoriasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis by regulating immunological activity in psoriatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Jia
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Kan
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huichao Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Shao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Singh TP, Farias Amorim C, Lovins VM, Bradley CW, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Grice EA, Scott P. Regulatory T cells control Staphylococcus aureus and disease severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230558. [PMID: 37812390 PMCID: PMC10561556 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes alterations in the skin microbiota, leading to pathologic immune responses and delayed healing. However, it is not known how these microbiota-driven immune responses are regulated. Here, we report that depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Staphylococcus aureus-colonized mice resulted in less IL-17 and an IFN-γ-dependent skin inflammation with impaired S. aureus immunity. Similarly, reducing Tregs in S. aureus-colonized and Leishmania braziliensis-infected mice increased IFN-γ, S. aureus, and disease severity. Importantly, analysis of lesions from L. braziliensis patients revealed that low FOXP3 gene expression is associated with high IFNG expression, S. aureus burden, and delayed lesion resolution compared to patients with high FOXP3 expression. Thus, we found a critical role for Tregs in regulating the balance between IL-17 and IFN-γ in the skin, which influences both bacterial burden and disease. These results have clinical ramifications for cutaneous leishmaniasis and other skin diseases associated with a dysregulated microbiome when Tregs are limited or dysfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria M. Lovins
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles W. Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Servico de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Clinicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Servico de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Clinicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Qu F, Sun Y, Bi D, Peng S, Li M, Liu H, Zhang L, Tao J, Liu Y, Zhu J. Regulating Size and Charge of Liposomes in Microneedles to Enhance Intracellular Drug Delivery Efficiency in Skin for Psoriasis Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302314. [PMID: 37714523 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) and cell membrane are two major barriers that hinder the therapeutic outcomes of transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases. While microneedles (MNs) can efficiently penetrate the SC to deliver nanomedicines, the optimization of physicochemical properties of nanomedicines in MNs to enhance their in vivo cellular delivery efficiency remains unclear. Here, how the size and surface charge of drug-loaded liposomes in MNs influence the retention time and cellular delivery in psoriatic skin is systematically investigated. The results indicate that while 100 nm negatively-charged liposomes in MNs show higher cellular uptake in vitro, 250 and 450 nm liposomes could enhance skin retention and the long-term in vivo cellular delivery efficiency of drugs. Moreover, 250 nm cationic liposomes with a stronger positive charge show an extraordinarily long skin retention time of 132 h and significantly higher in vivo cellular internalization. In the treatment study, dexamethasone (dex)-loaded cationic liposomes-integrated MNs show better therapeutic outcomes than dex-loaded anionic liposomes-integrated MNs in a psoriasis-like animal model. The design principles of liposomes in MN drug delivery systems explored in the study hold the potential for enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of psoriasis and are instrumental for successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Duohang Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Min Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College. HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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23
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Wang M, Zheng H, Chen J, Tang Y, Feng M, Li L. ZnO nanoparticles impair autophagic flux and cell viability through the TRIM16-NRF2-p62 pathway in inflammatory keratinocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114177. [PMID: 37977258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in sunscreen, cosmetics, and topical drugs. Most previous studies have confirmed the safety of ZnO NPs applied to normal skin; however, little is known about the safety and potential toxicity of ZnO NPs applied to inflamed skin. This study aimed to evaluate the exposure risk of ZnO NPs in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. METHODS Normal human and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory keratinocytes were incubated with ZnO NPs to assess their toxic effects on cell viability and autophagy signaling pathway. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins following incubation of inflammatory keratinocytes with ZnO NPs. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot, and double fluorescent labeling and siRNA-knockdown further elucidated the role of the TRIM16-NRF2-p62 pathway in mediating the effects of ZnO NP. RESULTS In TNF-α-induced inflammatory keratinocytes, ZnO NPs activated cytoprotective autophagy and mediated p62-related autophagic flux block, thereby reducing the viability of inflammatory keratinocytes. Additionally, TRIM16-NRF2 was essential in ZnO NP-mediated autophagy flux block and cell viability reduction in inflammatory keratinocytes. Inhibition of the TRIM16-NRF2 pathway reduced p62 levels, alleviated autophagy flux blockade, and slightly restored the viability of inflammatory keratinocytes. CONCLUSION ZnO NPs activated protective cell autophagy. Blockade of autophagy flux mediated by the TRIM16-NRF2-p62 pathway led to decreased cell viability. This study provided a deeper understanding of the toxicity mechanism of ZnO NPs in inflammatory keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Huanxin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yingmei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Meixin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.
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Lee SH, Kang B, Kamenyeva O, Ferreira TR, Cho K, Khillan JS, Kabat J, Kelsall BL, Sacks DL. Dermis resident macrophages orchestrate localized ILC2 eosinophil circuitries to promote non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7852. [PMID: 38030609 PMCID: PMC10687111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are critical for tissue homeostasis and repair. We previously showed that dermis-resident macrophages produce CCL24 which mediates their interaction with IL-4+ eosinophils, required to maintain their M2-like properties in the TH1 environment of the Leishmania major infected skin. Here, we show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-5+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells are also required to maintain dermis-resident macrophages and promote infection. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals the dermis-resident macrophages as the sole source of TSLP and CCL24. Generation of Ccl24-cre mice permits specific labeling of dermis-resident macrophages and interstitial macrophages from other organs. Selective ablation of TSLP in dermis-resident macrophages reduces the numbers of IL-5+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils and dermis-resident macrophages, and ameliorates infection. Our findings demonstrate that dermis-resident macrophages are self-maintained as a replicative niche for L. major by orchestrating localized type 2 circuitries with type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Byunghyun Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiago Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Mouse Genetics and Gene Modification Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David L Sacks
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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25
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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26
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Stacey VM, Kõks S. Genome-Wide Differential Transcription of Long Noncoding RNAs in Psoriatic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16344. [PMID: 38003532 PMCID: PMC10671291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the formation of psoriatic lesions. The present study's objective was to identify long lncRNA genes that are differentially expressed in patient samples of psoriasis through computational analysis techniques. By using previously published RNA sequencing data from psoriatic and healthy patients (n = 324), we analysed the differential expression of lncRNAs to determine transcripts of heightened expression. We computationally screened lncRNA transcripts as annotated by GENCODE across the human genome and compared transcription in psoriatic and healthy samples from two separate studies. We observed 54 differentially expressed genes as seen in two independent datasets collected from psoriasis and healthy patients. We also identified the differential expression of LINC01215 and LINC1206 associated with the cell cycle pathway and psoriasis pathogenesis. SH3PXD2A-AS1 was identified as a participant in the STAT3/SH3PXD2A-AS1/miR-125b/STAT3 positive feedback loop. Both the SH3PXD2A-AS1 and CERNA2 genes have already been recognised as part of the IFN-γ signalling pathway regulation. Additionally, EPHA1-AS1, CYP4Z2P and SNHG12 gene upregulation have all been previously linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Differential expression of various lncRNAs affects the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Further characterisation of lncRNAs and their functions are important for developing our understanding of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M. Stacey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Siebert S, Pennington SR, Raychaudhuri SP, Chaudhari AJ, Jin JQ, Liao W, Chandran V, FitzGerald O. Novel Insights From Basic Science in Psoriatic Disease at the GRAPPA 2022 Annual Meeting. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:66-70. [PMID: 37527860 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent basic science advances in psoriatic disease (PsD) were presented and discussed at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2022 annual meeting. Topics included clinical applications of biomarkers, what the future of biomarkers for PsD may hold, the challenges of developing biomarker research to the point of clinical utility, advances in total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, and emerging concepts from single-cell studies in PsD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Siebert
- S. Siebert, MD, PhD, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siba P Raychaudhuri
- S.P. Raychaudhuri, MD, Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, UC Davis School of Medicine and Northern California Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, California, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- A.J. Chaudhari, PhD, Department of Radiology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joy Q Jin
- J.Q. Jin, AB, School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- W. Liao, MD, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- V. Chandran, DM, PhD, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathobiology and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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28
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Di Carlo D. Rapid deformability cytometry for tissue biopsies. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1337-1339. [PMID: 37903902 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Di Carlo
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Yu DM, Zhao J, Lee EE, Kim D, Mahapatra R, Rose EK, Zhou Z, Hosler C, El Kurdi A, Choe JY, Abel ED, Hoxhaj G, Westover KD, Cho RJ, Cheng JB, Wang RC. GLUT3 promotes macrophage signaling and function via RAS-mediated endocytosis in atopic dermatitis and wound healing. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170706. [PMID: 37721853 PMCID: PMC10617774 DOI: 10.1172/jci170706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The facilitative GLUT1 and GLUT3 hexose transporters are expressed abundantly in macrophages, but whether they have distinct functions remains unclear. We confirmed that GLUT1 expression increased after M1 polarization stimuli and found that GLUT3 expression increased after M2 stimulation in macrophages. Conditional deletion of Glut3 (LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl) impaired M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis showed increased GLUT3 expression, and a calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis was rescued in LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice. M2-like macrophages expressed GLUT3 in human wound tissues as assessed by transcriptomics and costaining, and GLUT3 expression was significantly decreased in nonhealing, compared with healing, diabetic foot ulcers. In an excisional wound healing model, LysM-Cre Glut3fl/fl mice showed significantly impaired M2 macrophage polarization and delayed wound healing. GLUT3 promoted IL-4/STAT6 signaling, independently of its glucose transport activity. Unlike plasma membrane-localized GLUT1, GLUT3 was localized primarily to endosomes and was required for the efficient endocytosis of IL-4Rα subunits. GLUT3 interacted directly with GTP-bound RAS in vitro and in vivo through its intracytoplasmic loop domain, and this interaction was required for efficient STAT6 activation and M2 polarization. PAK activation and macropinocytosis were also impaired without GLUT3, suggesting broader roles for GLUT3 in the regulation of endocytosis. Thus, GLUT3 is required for efficient alternative macrophage polarization and function, through a glucose transport-independent, RAS-mediated role in the regulation of endocytosis and IL-4/STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dohun Kim
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Ruchika Mahapatra
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Calvin Hosler
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute and
| | - Kenneth D. Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond J. Cho
- Department of Dermatology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kim J, Lee J, Li X, Kunjravia N, Rambhia D, Cueto I, Kim K, Chaparala V, Ko Y, Garcet S, Zhou W, Cao J, Krueger JG. Multi-omics segregate different transcriptomic impacts of anti-IL-17A blockade on type 17 T-cells and regulatory immune cells in psoriasis skin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250504. [PMID: 37781383 PMCID: PMC10536146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Durable psoriasis improvement has been reported in a subset of psoriasis patients after treatment withdrawal of biologics blocking IL-23/Type 17 T-cell (T17) autoimmune axis. However, it is not well understood if systemic blockade of the IL-23/T17 axis promotes immune tolerance in psoriasis skin. The purpose of the study was to find translational evidence that systemic IL-17A blockade promotes regulatory transcriptome modification in human psoriasis skin immune cell subsets. We analyzed human psoriasis lesional skin 6 mm punch biopsy tissues before and after systemic IL-17A blockade using the muti-genomics approach integrating immune cell-enriched scRNA-seq (n = 18), microarray (n = 61), and immunohistochemistry (n = 61) with repository normal control skin immune cell-enriched scRNA-seq (n = 10) and microarray (n = 8) data. For the T17 axis transcriptome, systemic IL-17A blockade depleted 100% of IL17A + T-cells and 95% of IL17F + T-cells in psoriasis skin. The expression of IL23A in DC subsets was also downregulated by IL-17A blockade. The expression of IL-17-driven inflammatory mediators (IL36G, S100A8, DEFB4A, and DEFB4B) in suprabasal keratinocytes was correlated with psoriasis severity and was downregulated by IL-17A blockade. For the regulatory DC transcriptome, the proportion of regulatory semimature DCs expressing regulatory DC markers of BDCA-3 (THBD) and DCIR (CLEC4A) was increased in posttreatment psoriasis lesional skin compared to pretreatment psoriasis lesional skin. In addition, IL-17A blockade induced higher expression of CD1C and CD14, which are markers of CD1c+ CD14+ dendritic cell (DC) subset that suppresses antigen-specific T-cell responses, in posttreatment regulatory semimature DCs compared to pretreatment regulatory semimature DCs. In conclusion, systemic IL-17A inhibition not only blocks the entire IL-23/T17 cell axis but also promotes regulatory gene expression in regulatory DCs in human psoriasis skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jongmi Lee
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Norma Kunjravia
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Darshna Rambhia
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Inna Cueto
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Kim
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Vasuma Chaparala
- Dermatology Section, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Younhee Ko
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra Garcet
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Research Bioinformatics, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single-cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single-cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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31
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Roso-Mares A, Andújar I, Díaz Corpas T, Sun BK. Non-coding RNAs as skin disease biomarkers, molecular signatures, and therapeutic targets. Hum Genet 2023:10.1007/s00439-023-02588-4. [PMID: 37580609 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as biomarkers, molecular signatures, and therapeutic tools and targets for diseases. In this review, we focus specifically on skin diseases to highlight how two classes of ncRNAs-microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs-are being used to diagnose medical conditions of unclear etiology, improve our ability to guide treatment response, and predict disease prognosis. Furthermore, we explore how ncRNAs are being used as both as drug targets and associated therapies have unique benefits, risks, and challenges to development, but offer a distinctive promise for improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Roso-Mares
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tania Díaz Corpas
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bryan K Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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32
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Lischetti U, Tastanova A, Singer F, Grob L, Carrara M, Cheng PF, Martínez Gómez JM, Sella F, Haunerdinger V, Beisel C, Levesque MP. Dynamic thresholding and tissue dissociation optimization for CITE-seq identifies differential surface protein abundance in metastatic melanoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:830. [PMID: 37563418 PMCID: PMC10415364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics profiling by CITE-seq bridges the RNA-protein gap in single-cell analysis but has been largely applied to liquid biopsies. Applying CITE-seq to clinically relevant solid biopsies to characterize healthy tissue and the tumor microenvironment is an essential next step in single-cell translational studies. In this study, gating of cell populations based on their transcriptome signatures for use in cell type-specific ridge plots allowed identification of positive antibody signals and setting of manual thresholds. Next, we compare five skin dissociation protocols by taking into account dissociation efficiency, captured cell type heterogeneity and recovered surface proteome. To assess the effect of enzymatic digestion on transcriptome and epitope expression in immune cell populations, we analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without dissociation. To further assess the RNA-protein gap, RNA-protein we perform codetection and correlation analyses on thresholded protein values. Finally, in a proof-of-concept study, using protein abundance analysis on selected surface markers in a cohort of healthy skin, primary, and metastatic melanoma we identify CD56 surface marker expression on metastatic melanoma cells, which was further confirmed by multiplex immunohistochemistry. This work provides practical guidelines for processing and analysis of clinically relevant solid tissue biopsies for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lischetti
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aizhan Tastanova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Franziska Singer
- ETH Zurich, NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Grob
- ETH Zurich, NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Carrara
- ETH Zurich, NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Martínez Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sella
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Haunerdinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mortlock RD, Ma EC, Cohen JM, Damsky W. Assessment of Treatment-Relevant Immune Biomarkers in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Toward Personalized Medicine in Dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1412-1422. [PMID: 37341663 PMCID: PMC10830170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunologically targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Although immunologic biomarkers hold great promise for personalized classification of skin disease and tailored therapy selection, there are no approved or widely used approaches for this in dermatology. This review summarizes the translational immunologic approaches to measuring treatment-relevant biomarkers in inflammatory skin conditions. Tape strip profiling, microneedle-based biomarker patches, molecular profiling from epidermal curettage, RNA in situ hybridization tissue staining, and single-cell RNA sequencing have been described. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each and open questions for the future of personalized medicine in inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryland D Mortlock
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emilie C Ma
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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34
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Houser AE, Kazmi A, Nair AK, Ji AL. The Use of Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics in Understanding the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Skin Diseases. JID Innov 2023; 3:100198. [PMID: 37205302 PMCID: PMC10186616 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multiomic profiling tools has rapidly expanded in recent years, along with their use in profiling skin tissues in various contexts, including dermatologic diseases. Among these tools, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have emerged as widely adopted and powerful assays for elucidating key cellular components and their spatial arrangement within skin disease. In this paper, we review the recent biological insights gained from the use of scRNA-seq and ST and the advantages of combining both for profiling skin diseases, including aberrant wound healing, inflammatory skin diseases, and cancer. We discuss the role of scRNA-seq and ST in improving skin disease treatments and moving toward the goal of achieving precision medicine in dermatology, whereby patients can be optimally matched to treatments that maximize therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey E. Houser
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abiha Kazmi
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun K. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew L. Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Correspondence: Andrew L. Ji, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, Atran 7-10F, Box 1048, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Schinner J, Cunha T, Mayer JU, Hörster S, Kind P, Didona D, Keber C, Hertl M, Worzfeld T, Juratli HA. Skin-infiltrating T cells display distinct inflammatory signatures in lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203776. [PMID: 37415985 PMCID: PMC10321708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We here thought to dissect the inflammatory signature in lesions of three skin disorders, which show a common adaptive immune response against autoantigens of the skin but are characterized by diverging clinical phenotypes. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are type-2-dependent, IgG autoantibody-driven blistering disorders of mucous membranes and skin, which target desmoglein (Dsg)3 and bullous pemphigoid (BP)180, respectively. In contrast, lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes with a pronounced dermal T cell infiltrate. We previously identified peripheral type 1 and 17 T cell responses against Dsg3 and BP180 in a cohort of LP patients strongly suggesting that the underlying inflammatory T cell signature may drive the evolving phenotype. Methods Paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from well-characterized patients with LP (n=31), BP (n=19), PV (n=9), and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) (n=2) were analysed. Areas with the most prominent inflammatory infiltrate were excised with punch biopsies and tissue microarrays (TMA) containing multiple biopsies were created. Using multicolor immunofluorescence, the inflammatory infiltrate was stained with antibodies against multiple cellular markers, i. e. CD3ϵ, CD4, CD15, TCR-δ, the cytokine IL-17A, and the transcription factors, T-bet and GATA-3. Results In LP, there was a higher number of CD4+ T cells expressing T-bet compared to GATA-3. In contrast, CD4+ T cells in PV and BP skin lesions more frequently expressed GATA-3 than T-bet. IL-17A+ cells and IL-17A+ T cells were found to a similar extent in all the three disorders. IL-17A+ granulocytes were more predominant in BP than in LP or PV. Of note, the majority of IL-17A+ cells in LP were neither T cells nor granulocytes. Discussion Our findings in inflammatory skin infiltrates clearly show a predominant type 1 signature in LP in contrast to a preponderance of type 2 T cells in PV and BP. In contrast to LP, granulocytes and to a much lesser extent CD3+ T cells were a cellular source of IL-17A in BP and PV. These data strongly suggest that different inflammatory cell signatures drive evolving clinically diverse phenotypes of LP, PV and BP despite common target antigens of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Schinner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Cunha
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes U Mayer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kind
- Laboratory for Dermatohistology, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Dario Didona
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Keber
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Van de Sande B, Lee JS, Mutasa-Gottgens E, Naughton B, Bacon W, Manning J, Wang Y, Pollard J, Mendez M, Hill J, Kumar N, Cao X, Chen X, Khaladkar M, Wen J, Leach A, Ferran E. Applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in drug discovery and development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:496-520. [PMID: 37117846 PMCID: PMC10141847 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods, together with associated computational tools and the growing availability of public data resources, are transforming drug discovery and development. New opportunities are emerging in target identification owing to improved disease understanding through cell subtyping, and highly multiplexed functional genomics screens incorporating scRNA-seq are enhancing target credentialling and prioritization. ScRNA-seq is also aiding the selection of relevant preclinical disease models and providing new insights into drug mechanisms of action. In clinical development, scRNA-seq can inform decision-making via improved biomarker identification for patient stratification and more precise monitoring of drug response and disease progression. Here, we illustrate how scRNA-seq methods are being applied in key steps in drug discovery and development, and discuss ongoing challenges for their implementation in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bart Naughton
- Computational Neurobiology, Eisai, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendi Bacon
- EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Precision Bioinformatics, Prometheus Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Melissa Mendez
- Genomic Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jon Hill
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Namit Kumar
- Informatics & Predictive Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Magnet Biomedicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mugdha Khaladkar
- Human Genetics and Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ji Wen
- Oncology Research and Development Unit, Pfizer, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Povoleri GAM, Durham LE, Gray EH, Lalnunhlimi S, Kannambath S, Pitcher MJ, Dhami P, Leeuw T, Ryan SE, Steel KJA, Kirkham BW, Taams LS. Psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis joints differ in the composition of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cell subsets. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112514. [PMID: 37195862 PMCID: PMC10790246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are important drivers of inflammation. To decipher their role in inflammatory arthritis, we apply single-cell, high-dimensional profiling to T cells from the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We identify three groups of synovial CD8+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells: cytotoxic and regulatory T (Treg)-like TRM cells are present in both PsA and RA, while CD161+CCR6+ type 17-like TRM cells with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-17A+TNFα+IFNγ+) are specifically enriched in PsA. In contrast, only one population of CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells is detected and at similarly low frequencies in both diseases. Type 17-like CD8+ TRM cells have a distinct transcriptomic signature and a polyclonal, but distinct, TCR repertoire. Type 17-like cells are also enriched in CD8+CD103- T cells in PsA compared with RA. These findings illustrate differences in the immunopathology of PsA and RA, with a particular enrichment for type 17 CD8+ T cells in the PsA joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A M Povoleri
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lucy E Durham
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sylvine Lalnunhlimi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- BRC Genomics Core, NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael J Pitcher
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- BRC Genomics Core, NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Thomas Leeuw
- Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah E Ryan
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kathryn J A Steel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bruce W Kirkham
- Rheumatology Department, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Hailer AA, Wu D, El Kurdi A, Yuan M, Cho RJ, Cheng JB. Isolation of human cutaneous immune cells for single-cell RNA sequencing. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102239. [PMID: 37120815 PMCID: PMC10173011 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for high-resolution analysis of transcriptionally dysregulated cell subpopulations in inflammatory diseases. However, it can be challenging to properly isolate viable immune cells from human skin for scRNA-seq due to its barrier properties. Here, we present a protocol to isolate high-viability human cutaneous immune cells. We describe steps for obtaining and enzymatically dissociating a skin biopsy specimen and isolating immune cells using flow cytometry. We then provide an overview of downstream computational techniques to analyze sequencing data. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cook et al. (2022)1 and Liu et al. (2022).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Hailer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Abdullah El Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michelle Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA; Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Jung S, Lee JS. Single-Cell Genomics for Investigating Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Diseases. Mol Cells 2023; 46:120-129. [PMID: 36859476 PMCID: PMC9982059 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technical advances have enabled unbiased transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of each cell, known as "single-cell analysis". Single-cell analysis has a variety of technical approaches to investigate the state of each cell, including mRNA levels (transcriptome), the immune repertoire (immune repertoire analysis), cell surface proteins (surface proteome analysis), chromatin accessibility (epigenome), and accordance with genome variants (eQTLs; expression quantitative trait loci). As an effective tool for investigating robust immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many researchers performed single-cell analysis to capture the diverse, unbiased immune cell activation and differentiation. Despite challenges elucidating the complicated immune microenvironments of chronic inflammatory diseases using existing experimental methods, it is now possible to capture the simultaneous immune features of different cell types across inflamed tissues using various single-cell tools. In this review, we introduce patient-based and experimental mouse model research utilizing single-cell analyses in the field of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as multi-organ atlas targeting immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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40
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Patel JR, Joel MZ, Lee KK, Kambala A, Cornman H, Oladipo O, Taylor M, Deng J, Parthasarathy V, Cravero K, Marani M, Zhao R, Sankararam S, Li R, Pritchard T, Rebecca V, Kwatra MM, Ho WJ, Dong X, Kang S, Kwatra SG. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals dysregulated fibroblast subclusters in prurigo nodularis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.29.526050. [PMID: 36778229 PMCID: PMC9915465 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.29.526050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an intensely pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease that disproportionately affects black patients. However, the pathogenesis of PN is poorly understood. We performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling, ligand receptor analysis and cell trajectory analysis of 28,695 lesional and non-lesional PN skin cells to uncover disease-identifying cell compositions and genetic characteristics. We uncovered a dysregulated role for fibroblasts (FBs) and myofibroblasts as a key pathogenic element in PN, which were significantly increased in PN lesional skin. We defined seven unique subclusters of FBs in PN skin and observed a shift of PN lesional FBs towards a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like phenotype, with WNT5A+ CAFs increased in the skin of PN patients and similarly so in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A multicenter PN cohort study subsequently revealed an increased risk of SCC as well as additional CAF-associated malignancies in PN patients, including breast and colorectal cancers. Systemic fibroproliferative diseases were also upregulated in PN patients, including renal sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ligand receptor analyses demonstrated increased FB1-derived WNT5A and periostin interactions with neuronal receptors MCAM and ITGAV, suggesting a fibroblast-neuronal axis in PN. Type I IFN responses in immune cells and increased angiogenesis/permeability in endothelial cells were also observed. As compared to atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO) patients, increased mesenchymal dysregulation is unique to PN with an intermediate Th2/Th17 phenotype between atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. These findings identify a pathogenic role for CAFs in PN, including a novel targetable WNT5A+ fibroblast subpopulation and CAF-associated malignancies in PN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marina Z. Joel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin K. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anusha Kambala
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Cornman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olusola Oladipo
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - June Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melika Marani
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sreenidhi Sankararam
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vito Rebecca
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madan M. Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Single-cell atlases promise to provide a 'missing link' between genes, diseases and therapies. By identifying the specific cell types, states, programs and contexts where disease-implicated genes act, we will understand the mechanisms of disease at the cellular and tissue levels and can use this understanding to develop powerful disease diagnostics; identify promising new drug targets; predict their efficacy, toxicity and resistance mechanisms; and empower new kinds of therapies, from cancer therapies to regenerative medicine. Here, we lay out a vision for the potential of cell atlases to impact the future of medicine, and describe how advances over the past decade have begun to realize this potential in common complex diseases, infectious diseases (including COVID-19), rare diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidan Maartens
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zeng L, Yang K, Zhang T, Zhu X, Hao W, Chen H, Ge J. Research progress of single-cell transcriptome sequencing in autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disease: A review. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102919. [PMID: 36242821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to the phenomenon that the body's immune system produces antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes to its own tissues to cause an immune response. Immune disorders caused by autoimmunity can mediate autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases have complicated pathogenesis due to the many types of cells involved, and the mechanism is still unclear. The emergence of single-cell research technology can solve the problem that ordinary transcriptome technology cannot be accurate to cell type. It provides unbiased results through independent analysis of cells in tissues and provides more mRNA information for identifying cell subpopulations, which provides a novel approach to study disruption of immune tolerance and disturbance of pro-inflammatory pathways on a cellular basis. It may fundamentally change the understanding of molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and develop targeted drugs. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied in autoimmune diseases, which provides a powerful tool for demonstrating the cellular heterogeneity of tissues involved in various immune inflammations, identifying pathogenic cell populations, and revealing the mechanism of disease occurrence and development. This review describes the principles of scRNA-seq, introduces common sequencing platforms and practical procedures, and focuses on the progress of scRNA-seq in 41 autoimmune diseases, which include 9 systemic autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and 32 organ-specific autoimmune diseases (5 Skin diseases, 3 Nervous system diseases, 4 Eye diseases, 2 Respiratory system diseases, 2 Circulatory system diseases, 6 Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas diseases, 2 Gastrointestinal system diseases, 3 Muscle, Bones and joint diseases, 3 Urinary system diseases, 2 Reproductive system diseases). This review also prospects the molecular mechanism targets of autoimmune diseases from the multi-molecular level and multi-dimensional analysis combined with single-cell multi-omics sequencing technology (such as scRNA-seq, Single cell ATAC-seq and single cell immune group library sequencing), which provides a reference for further exploring the pathogenesis and marker screening of autoimmune diseases and autoimmune inflammatory diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Tianqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Wensa Hao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
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Jin JQ, Wu D, Spencer R, Elhage KG, Liu J, Davis M, Hakimi M, Kumar S, Huang ZM, Bhutani T, Liao W. Biologic insights from single-cell studies of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:1449-1461. [PMID: 36317702 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2142465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) represent a large burden of global inflammatory disease, but sustained treatment response and early diagnosis remain challenging. Both conditions arise from complex immune cell dysregulation. Single-cell techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), have revolutionized our understanding of pathogenesis by illuminating heterogeneous cell populations and their interactions. AREAS COVERED We discuss the transcriptional profiles and cellular interactions unique to PSO/PSA affecting T cells, myeloid cells, keratinocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and stromal cells. We also review advances, limitations, and future challenges associated with single-cell studies. EXPERT OPINION Following analyses of 22 single-cell studies, several themes emerged. A small subpopulation of cells can have a large impact on disease pathogenesis. Multiple cell types identified via scRNA-seq play supporting roles in PSO pathogenesis, contrary to the traditional paradigm focusing on IL-23/IL-17 signaling among dendritic cells and T cells. Immune cell states are dynamic, with psoriatic subpopulations aberrantly re-activating and differentiating into inflammatory phenotypes depending on surrounding signaling cues. Comparison of circulating immune cells with resident skin/joint cells has uncovered specific T cell clonotypes associated with the disease. Finally, machine learning models demonstrate great promise in identifying biomarkers to diagnose clinically ambiguous rashes and PSA at earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Q Jin
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Riley Spencer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kareem G Elhage
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jared Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Davis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marwa Hakimi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Ming Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Bhutani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Xia D, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Li W. Applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038744. [PMID: 36505405 PMCID: PMC9732227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a novel technology that characterizes molecular heterogeneity at the single-cell level. With the development of more automated, sensitive, and cost-effective single-cell isolation methods, the sensitivity and efficiency of scRNA-seq have improved. Technological advances in single-cell analysis provide a deeper understanding of the biological diversity of cells present in tissues, including inflamed skin. New subsets of cells have been discovered among common inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. ScRNA-seq technology has also been used to analyze immune cell distribution and cell-cell communication, shedding new light on the complex interplay of components involved in disease responses. Moreover, scRNA-seq may be a promising tool in precision medicine because of its ability to define cell subsets with potential treatment targets and to characterize cell-specific responses to drugs or other stimuli. In this review, we briefly summarize the progress in the development of scRNA-seq technologies and discuss the latest scRNA-seq-related findings and future trends in AD and psoriasis. We also discuss the limitations and technical problems associated with current scRNA-seq technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmei Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China,Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Wei Li,
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Gerussi A, Scaravaglio M, Cristoferi L, Verda D, Milani C, De Bernardi E, Ippolito D, Asselta R, Invernizzi P, Kather JN, Carbone M. Artificial intelligence for precision medicine in autoimmune liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966329. [PMID: 36439097 PMCID: PMC9691668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLDs) are rare autoimmune conditions of the liver and the biliary tree with unknown etiology and limited treatment options. AiLDs are inherently characterized by a high degree of complexity, which poses great challenges in understanding their etiopathogenesis, developing novel biomarkers and risk-stratification tools, and, eventually, generating new drugs. Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered one of the best candidates to support researchers and clinicians in making sense of biological complexity. In this review, we offer a primer on AI and machine learning for clinicians, and discuss recent available literature on its applications in medicine and more specifically how it can help to tackle major unmet needs in AiLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Miki Scaravaglio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Cristoferi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre - B4, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Milani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Bernardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Asselta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Li L, Liu P, Chen C, Yan B, Chen X, Li J, Peng C. Advancements in the characterization of tissue resident memory T cells in skin disease. Clin Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jin S, Wang Y, Qie C, Yang L, Wu Y, Zhang T, Di J, Liu J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals the Immune Cell Profiling in IMQ Induced Psoriasis-Like Model. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5999-6012. [PMID: 36330167 PMCID: PMC9626250 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory skin disease with a high recurrence rate. The immune response plays an important role in psoriasis. However, the subsets of immune cells involved in inflammation in psoriatic mice have not been fully studied. This study showed the immune environment characteristics of psoriasis in mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing (10× Genomics) as an unbiased analytical strategy to investigate the heterogeneity of skin immune cells in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mice systematically. RESULTS We identified 10 major clusters and their marker genes among 14,439 cells. The proportions of macrophages, NK/T cells, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were increased in psoriatic mice. Macrophages were the largest group and were further divided into 7 subgroups, and all macrophage clusters were increased in psoriatic mice. Differentially expressed genes in control versus psoriatic mice skin lesions showed that Fcgr4, Saa3 and Acp5 in macrophages, Acp5, Fcgr4 and Ms4a6d in NK/T cells, Saa3 in cDCs, and Ifitm1 in pDCs were upregulated in psoriasis mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis emphasized the role of oxidative phosphorylation signals and antigen processing and presentation signals in murine psoriasis-like models. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the immune environment characteristics of the commonly used IMQ induced psoriasis-like models and provides a systematic insight into the immune response of mice with psoriasis, which is conducive to comparing the similarities and differences between the mouse model and human psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jin
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Qie
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhao Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Di
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jun Liu, New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-25-83271043, Fax +86-25-83271142, Email
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Derakhshan T, Boyce JA, Dwyer DF. Defining mast cell differentiation and heterogeneity through single-cell transcriptomics analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:739-747. [PMID: 36205448 PMCID: PMC9547083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are widely recognized as central effector cells during type 2 inflammatory reactions and thought to also play a role in innate immune responses, wound healing, and potentially cancer. Circulating progenitor cells mature to MCs in peripheral tissues, where they exhibit phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. This diversity likely originates from differences in MC development imprinted by microenvironmental signals. The advent of single-cell transcriptomics reveals MC diversity beyond differences in proteases that were classically used to identify MC phenotypes. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on MC progenitor differentiation and characteristics, and MC heterogeneity seen in health versus disease, that are drastically advanced through single-cell profiling technologies. This powerful approach can provide detailed cellular maps of tissues to decipher the complex cellular functions and interactions that may lead to identifying candidate factors to target in therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Derakhshan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Cook CP, Taylor M, Liu Y, Schmidt R, Sedgewick A, Kim E, Hailer A, North JP, Harirchian P, Wang H, Kashem SW, Shou Y, McCalmont TC, Benz SC, Choi J, Purdom E, Marson A, Ramos SB, Cheng JB, Cho RJ. A single-cell transcriptional gradient in human cutaneous memory T cells restricts Th17/Tc17 identity. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100715. [PMID: 35977472 PMCID: PMC9418858 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic mechanisms that fail to restrain chronic tissue inflammation in diseases, such as psoriasis vulgaris, remain incompletely understood. We profiled transcriptomes and epitopes of single psoriatic and normal skin-resident T cells, revealing a gradated transcriptional program of coordinately regulated inflammation-suppressive genes. This program, which is sharply suppressed in lesional skin, strikingly restricts Th17/Tc17 cytokine and other inflammatory mediators on the single-cell level. CRISPR-based deactivation of two core components of this inflammation-suppressive program, ZFP36L2 and ZFP36, replicates the interleukin-17A (IL-17A), granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) elevation in psoriatic memory T cells deficient in these transcripts, functionally validating their influence. Combinatoric expression analysis indicates the suppression of specific inflammatory mediators by individual program members. Finally, we find that therapeutic IL-23 blockade reduces Th17/Tc17 cell frequency in lesional skin but fails to normalize this inflammatory-suppressive program, suggesting how treated lesions may be primed for recurrence after withdrawal of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Cook
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Yale Liu
- Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ShaanXi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Esther Kim
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Hailer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. North
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paymann Harirchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sakeen W. Kashem
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Shou
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Timothy C. McCalmont
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Golden State Dermatology Associates, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Purdom
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia B.V. Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Raymond J. Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Corresponding author
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