1
|
Muchhala KH, Kallurkar PS, Kang M, Koseli E, Poklis JL, Xu Q, Dewey WL, Fettweis JM, Jimenez NR, Akbarali HI. The role of morphine- and fentanyl-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial antibacterial activity in dysbiosis and its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23603. [PMID: 38648368 PMCID: PMC11047137 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301590rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioid analgesics such as morphine disrupts the intestinal epithelial layer and causes intestinal dysbiosis. Depleting gut bacteria can preclude the development of tolerance to opioid-induced antinociception, suggesting an important role of the gut-brain axis in mediating opioid effects. The mechanism underlying opioid-induced dysbiosis, however, remains unclear. Host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as they prevent the pathogenesis of the enteric microbiota. Here, we report that chronic morphine or fentanyl exposure reduces the antimicrobial activity in the ileum, resulting in changes in the composition of bacteria. Fecal samples from morphine-treated mice had increased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila with a shift in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from morphine-naïve mice or oral supplementation with butyrate restored (a) the antimicrobial activity, (b) the expression of the antimicrobial peptide, Reg3γ, (c) prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and (d) prevented the development of antinociceptive tolerance in morphine-dependent mice. Improved epithelial barrier function with FMT or butyrate prevented the enrichment of the mucin-degrading A. muciniphila in morphine-dependent mice. These data implicate impairment of the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal epithelium as a mechanism by which opioids disrupt the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan H. Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Prajkta S. Kallurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Minho Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eda Koseli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Justin L. Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Fettweis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205821. [PMID: 37841267 PMCID: PMC10570533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Muchhala K, Kang M, Koseli E, Poklis J, Xu Q, Dewey W, Fettweis J, Jimenez N, Akbarali H. The Role of Morphine-Induced Impairment of Intestinal Epithelial Antibacterial Activity in Dysbiosis and its Impact on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.. [PMID: 37503065 PMCID: PMC10371156 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3084467/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioid analgesics such as morphine disrupt the intestinal epithelial layer and cause intestinal dysbiosis. Inhibiting opioid-induced dysbiosis can preclude the development of tolerance to opioid-induced antinociception, suggesting an important role of the gut-brain axis in mediating opioid effects. However, the mechanism underlying opioid-induced dysbiosis remains unclear. Host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as they prevent the pathogenesis of the enteric microbiota. Here, we report that chronic morphine exposure reduces expression of the antimicrobial peptide, Regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (Reg3γ), in the ileum resulting in reduced intestinal antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, L. reuteri. Fecal samples from morphine-treated mice had reduced levels of the phylum, Firmicutes, concomitant with reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from morphine-naïve mice restored the antimicrobial activity, the expression of Reg3γ, and prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and the development of antinociceptive tolerance in morphine-dependent mice. Similarly, oral gavage with sodium butyrate dose-dependently reduced the development of antinociceptive tolerance, and prevented the downregulation of Reg3γ and the reduction in antimicrobial activity. The alpha diversity of the microbiome was also restored by oral butyrate in morphine-dependent mice. These data implicate impairment of the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal epithelium as a mechanism by which morphine disrupts the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muchhala K, Kang M, Koseli E, Poklis J, Xu Q, Dewey W, Fettweis J, Jimenez N, Akbarali H. The Role of Morphine-Induced Impairment of Intestinal Epithelial Antibacterial Activity in Dysbiosis and its Impact on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3084467. [PMID: 37503065 PMCID: PMC10371156 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3084467/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioid analgesics such as morphine disrupt the intestinal epithelial layer and cause intestinal dysbiosis. Inhibiting opioid-induced dysbiosis can preclude the development of tolerance to opioid-induced antinociception, suggesting an important role of the gut-brain axis in mediating opioid effects. However, the mechanism underlying opioid-induced dysbiosis remains unclear. Host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as they prevent the pathogenesis of the enteric microbiota. Here, we report that chronic morphine exposure reduces expression of the antimicrobial peptide, Regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (Reg3γ), in the ileum resulting in reduced intestinal antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, L. reuteri. Fecal samples from morphine-treated mice had reduced levels of the phylum, Firmicutes, concomitant with reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from morphine-naïve mice restored the antimicrobial activity, the expression of Reg3γ, and prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and the development of antinociceptive tolerance in morphine-dependent mice. Similarly, oral gavage with sodium butyrate dose-dependently reduced the development of antinociceptive tolerance, and prevented the downregulation of Reg3γ and the reduction in antimicrobial activity. The alpha diversity of the microbiome was also restored by oral butyrate in morphine-dependent mice. These data implicate impairment of the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal epithelium as a mechanism by which morphine disrupts the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fung C, Fraser L, Barrón G, Gologorsky M, Atkinson S, Gerrick E, Hayward M, Ziegelbauer J, Li J, Nico K, Tyner M, DeSchepper L, Pan A, Salzman N, Howitt M. Tuft cells mediate commensal remodeling of the small intestinal antimicrobial landscape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216908120. [PMID: 37253002 PMCID: PMC10266004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216908120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate produced by the commensal protist Tritrichomonas musculis (T. mu) stimulates chemosensory tuft cells, resulting in intestinal type 2 immunity. Tuft cells express the succinate receptor SUCNR1, yet this receptor does not mediate antihelminth immunity nor alter protist colonization. Here, we report that microbial-derived succinate increases Paneth cell numbers and profoundly alters the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) landscape in the small intestine. Succinate was sufficient to drive this epithelial remodeling, but not in mice lacking tuft cell chemosensory components required to detect this metabolite. Tuft cells respond to succinate by stimulating type 2 immunity, leading to interleukin-13-mediated epithelial and AMP expression changes. Moreover, type 2 immunity decreases the total number of mucosa-associated bacteria and alters the small intestinal microbiota composition. Finally, tuft cells can detect short-term bacterial dysbiosis that leads to a spike in luminal succinate levels and modulate AMP production in response. These findings demonstrate that a single metabolite produced by commensals can markedly shift the intestinal AMP profile and suggest that tuft cells utilize SUCNR1 and succinate sensing to modulate bacterial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Fung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Lisa M. Fraser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Gabriel M. Barrón
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Samantha N. Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Elias R. Gerrick
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Michael Hayward
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Jennifer Ziegelbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Jessica A. Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Katherine F. Nico
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Miles D. W. Tyner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Leila B. DeSchepper
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Amy Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
- Division of Quantitative Health Services, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Nita H. Salzman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Michael R. Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Beyond the initial 'powerhouse' view, mitochondria have numerous functions in their mammalian cell and contribute to many physiological processes, and many of these we understand only partially. The control of apoptosis by mitochondria is firmly established. Many questions remain however how this function is embedded into physiology, and how other signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial apoptosis; the interplay of bacteria with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one such example. The outer mitochondrial membrane regulates both import into mitochondria and the release of intermembrane, and in some situations also matrix components from mitochondria, and these mitochondrial components can have signaling function in the cytosol. One function is the induction of apoptotic cell death. An exciting, more recently discovered function is the regulation of inflammation. Mitochondrial molecules, both proteins and nucleic acids, have inflammatory activity when released from mitochondria, an activity whose regulation is intertwined with the activation of apoptotic caspases. Bacterial infection can have more general effects on mitochondrial apoptosis-regulation, through effects on host transcription and other pathways, such as signals controlled by pattern recognition. Some specialized bacteria have products that more specifically regulate signaling to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and to apoptosis; both pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been reported. Among the intriguing recent findings in this area are signaling contributions of porins and the sub-lethal release of intermembrane constituents. We will here review the literature and place the new developments into the established context of mitochondrial signaling during the contact of bacterial pathogens with human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collins Waguia Kontchou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao K, Sun Y, Song J, Li L, Mao W, Jiang C. Gut microbiota involved in myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105984. [PMID: 36638851 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is an important complication of sepsis and an important cause of death in sepsis patients. Sepsis will significantly change the composition of gut microbiota, and the destruction of gut microbiota also creates conditions for the occurrence and progression of sepsis. Gut microbiota is an important player in myocardial injury in sepsis. This review elaborates on the possible mechanisms of gut microbiota affecting myocardial injury in sepsis, including short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine and trimethylamine oxides, various cytokines, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the mechanism could help improve the treatment of sepsis and get a better prognosis for sepsis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihao Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Zhuhai Women and Children' s Hospital, Zhuhai, 519060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi Y, Luo J, Narbad A, Chen Q. Advances in Lactobacillus Restoration for β-Lactam Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis: A System Review in Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Homeostasis. Microorganisms 2023; 11. [PMID: 36677471 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced gut microbiota and their metabolites are necessary for the maintenance of the host's health. The antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can cause the disturbance of the microbial community, influence the immune homeostasis and induce susceptibility to metabolic- or immune-mediated disorders and diseases. The Lactobacillus and their metabolites or components affect the function of the host's immune system and result in microbiota-mediated restoration. Recent data have indicated that, by altering the composition and functions of gut microbiota, antibiotic exposure can also lead to a number of specific pathologies, hence, understanding the potential mechanisms of the interactions between gut microbiota dysbiosis and immunological homeostasis is very important. The Lactobacillus strategies for detecting the associations between the restoration of the relatively imbalanced microbiome and gut diseases are provided in this discussion. In this review, we discuss the recently discovered connections between microbial communities and metabolites in the Lactobacillus treatment of β-lactam antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, and establish the relationship between commensal bacteria and host immunity under this imbalanced homeostasis of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wallaeys C, Garcia‐Gonzalez N, Libert C. Paneth cells as the cornerstones of intestinal and organismal health: a primer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16427. [PMID: 36573340 PMCID: PMC9906427 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by preserving homeostasis. They perform this function by providing niche factors to the intestinal stem cell compartment, regulating the composition of the microbiome through the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides, performing phagocytosis and efferocytosis, taking up heavy metals, and preserving barrier integrity. Disturbances in one or more of these functions can lead to intestinal as well as systemic inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review discusses the multiple functions of Paneth cells, and the mechanisms and consequences of Paneth cell dysfunction. It also provides an overview of the tools available for studying Paneth cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu Y, Tang X, Hu F, Zhu T, Liu H, Xiong Y, Zuo X, Xu A, Zhuang X. Long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics affects Ly6C hi monocyte recruitment and IL-17A and IL-22 production through the gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy. Immunol Res 2022; 70:829-843. [PMID: 36149530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of antibiotics against infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy remains unclear and related studies have been performed in healthy or pathogen-infected animal models. Here, we aimed to study the effects of antibiotic use on intestinal infection in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Subcutaneous CT26 tumor-bearing mice were assigned to four groups: the control (Ctrl) group without any treatment, the antibiotic (ATB) group treated with a mixture of ampicillin, streptomycin, and colistin, the 5-fluorouracil (FU) group treated with four cycles of intraperitoneal injections of FU, and the ATB + FU group treated with the combination of ATB and FU. Gut microbial composition was determined and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) were isolated for bacterial culturing. Intestinal permeability and integrity were assessed and the expression of cytokines was analyzed by quantitative PCR, ELISA, or flow cytometry (FCM). Monocytes in the colonic lamina propria (LP) were measured by FCM. Compared with the Ctrl and FU groups, the numbers of positive bacterial culturing results for mLNs were higher, and gut bacterial compositions were altered in the ATB and ATB + FU groups, with significantly decreased alpha diversity in the ATB + FU group. Intestinal integrity regarding the expression of tight junction proteins and intestinal permeability were not impaired significantly after treatments, but the colons were shorter in the ATB + FU group. The expression levels of intestinal IL-17A and IL-22, as well as the percentages of IL-17A+ cells in the colonic LP of the ATB + FU group, were lower than those in the FU group. The percentages of Ly6Chi monocytes in the colonic LP were lower, but those in the spleen were higher in the ATB + FU group than in the FU group. The mRNA levels of colonic CCL8 were reduced in the ATB + FU group. Antibiotic use is associated with an increased incidence of intestinal infections in tumor-bearing mice treated with chemotherapy, which might in turn be associated with a dysregulated gut microbiota that inhibits colonic monocyte recruitment and IL-17A and IL-22 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjing Xiong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zuo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- The Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiufen Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Darwish DBE, Ali M, Abdelkawy AM, Zayed M, Alatawy M, Nagah A. Constitutive overexpression of GsIMaT2 gene from wild soybean enhances rhizobia interaction and increase nodulation in soybean (Glycine max). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:431. [PMID: 36076165 PMCID: PMC9461152 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the root nodules formation is regulated by specific and complex interactions of legume and rhizobial genes, there are still too many questions to be answered about the role of the genes involved in the regulation of the nodulation signaling pathway. RESULTS The genetic and biological roles of the isoflavone-7-O-beta-glucoside 6″-O-malonyltransferase gene GsIMaT2 from wild soybean (Glycine soja) in the regulation of nodule and root growth in soybean (Glycine max) were examined in this work. The effect of overexpressing GsIMaT2 from G. soja on the soybean nodulation signaling system and strigolactone production was investigated. We discovered that the GsIMaT2 increased nodule numbers, fresh nodule weight, root weight, and root length by boosting strigolactone formation. Furthermore, we examined the isoflavone concentration of transgenic G. max hairy roots 10 and 20 days after rhizobial inoculation. Malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, daidzein, and glycitein levels were considerably higher in GsMaT2-OE hairy roots after 10- and 20-days of Bradyrhizobium japonicum infection compared to the control. These findings suggest that isoflavones and their biosynthetic genes play unique functions in the nodulation signaling system in G. max. CONCLUSIONS Finally, our results indicate the potential effects of the GsIMaT2 gene on soybean root growth and nodulation. This study provides novel insights for understanding the epistatic relationship between isoflavones, root development, and nodulation in soybean. HIGHLIGHTS * Cloning and Characterization of 7-O-beta-glucoside 6″-O-malonyltransferase (GsIMaT2) gene from wild soybean (G. soja). * The role of GsIMaT2 gene in the regulation of root nodule development. *Overexpression of GsMaT2 gene increases the accumulation of isoflavonoid in transgenic soybean hairy roots. * This gene could be used for metabolic engineering of useful isoflavonoid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35511 Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 74191 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, 1 Mathaf El-Matarya St., El-Matareya, Cairo, 11753 Egypt
| | - Aisha M. Abdelkawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Zayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Egypt
| | - Marfat Alatawy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 74191 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Nagah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Banha University, Qalyubia Governorate, Benha, 13518 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali M, Miao L, Soudy FA, Darwish DBE, Alrdahe SS, Alshehri D, Benedito VA, Tadege M, Wang X, Zhao J. Overexpression of Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes Modifies Root Growth and Nodulation in Soybean (Glycine max). Cells 2022; 11:cells11172622. [PMID: 36078031 PMCID: PMC9454526 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Root nodule formation in many leguminous plants is known to be affected by endogen ous and exogenous factors that affect formation, development, and longevity of nodules in roots. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the genes which are involved in the regulation of the nodulation signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effect of terpenoids and terpene biosynthesis genes on root nodule formation in Glycine max. The study aimed to clarify not only the impact of over-expressing five terpene synthesis genes isolated from G. max and Salvia guaranitica on soybean nodulation signaling pathway, but also on the strigolactones pathway. The obtained results revealed that the over expression of GmFDPS, GmGGPPS, SgGPS, SgFPPS, and SgLINS genes enhanced the root nodule numbers, fresh weight of nodules, root, and root length. Moreover, the terpene content in the transgenic G. max hairy roots was estimated. The results explored that the monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were significantly increased in transgenic soybean hairy roots in comparison with the control. Our results indicate the potential effects of terpenoids and terpene synthesis genes on soybean root growth and nodulation. The study provides novel insights for understanding the epistatic relationship between terpenoids, root development, and nodulation in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Desert Research Center, Department of Genetic Resources, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Long Miao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fathia A. Soudy
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Saleh Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vagner A. Benedito
- Plant and Soil Sciences Division, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-7404-7685 (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-7404-7685 (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu L, Li HD, Xu JJ, Li JJ, Cheng M, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081035. [PMID: 36008929 PMCID: PMC9406170 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is an intricate disease that results in a broad spectrum of liver damage. The presentation of ALD can include simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently required for ALD patients. In previous decades, numerous rodent models were established to investigate the mechanisms of alcohol-associated liver disease and explore therapeutic targets. This review provides a summary of the latest developments in rodent models, including those that involve EtOH administration, which will help us to understand the characteristics and causes of ALD at different stages. In addition, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALD and summarize the existing in vitro models. We analyse the pros and cons of these models and their translational relevance and summarize the insights that have been gained regarding the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Huang
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Le Guern R, Stabler S, Gosset P, Pichavant M, Grandjean T, Faure E, Karaca Y, Faure K, Kipnis E, Dessein R. Colonization resistance against multi-drug-resistant bacteria: a narrative review. J Hosp Infect 2021; 118:48-58. [PMID: 34492304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colonization resistance by gut microbiota is a fundamental phenomenon in infection prevention and control. Hospitalized patients may be exposed to multi-drug-resistant bacteria when hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is not adequate. An additional layer of defence is provided by the healthy gut microbiota, which helps clear the exogenous bacteria and acts as a safety net when hand hygiene procedures are not followed. This narrative review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in colonization resistance against multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and its implications for infection control. The review discusses the underlying mechanisms of colonization resistance (direct or indirect), the concept of resilience of the gut microbiota, the link between the antimicrobial spectrum and gut dysbiosis, and possible therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial stewardship is crucial to maximize the effects of colonization resistance. Avoiding unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, shortening the antimicrobial duration as much as possible, and favouring antibiotics with low anti-anaerobe activity may decrease the acquisition and expansion of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Even after antimicrobial therapy, the resilience of the gut microbiota often occurs spontaneously. Spontaneous resilience explains the existence of a window of opportunity for colonization of multi-drug-resistant bacteria during or just after antimicrobial therapy. Strategies favouring resilience of the gut microbiota, such as high-fibre diets or precision probiotics, should be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Le Guern
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
| | - S Stabler
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - P Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - T Grandjean
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - E Faure
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Y Karaca
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - K Faure
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - E Kipnis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - R Dessein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France; Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shah T, Baloch Z, Shah Z, Cui X, Xia X. The Intestinal Microbiota: Impacts of Antibiotics Therapy, Colonization Resistance, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126597. [PMID: 34202945 PMCID: PMC8235228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes exist in the human body, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. The main role of the intestinal microbiome is the fermentation of non-digestible substrates and increased growth of beneficial microbes that produce key antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, etc., to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes besides other functions. Intestinal microbiota can prevent pathogen colonization through the mechanism of colonization resistance. A wide range of resistomes are present in both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Giving antibiotic exposure to the intestinal microbiome (both beneficial and hostile) can trigger a resistome response, affecting colonization resistance. The following review provides a mechanistic overview of the intestinal microbiome and the impacts of antibiotic therapy on pathogen colonization and diseases. Further, we also discuss the epidemiology of immunocompromised patients who are at high risk for nosocomial infections, colonization and decolonization of multi-drug resistant organisms in the intestine, and the direct and indirect mechanisms that govern colonization resistance to the pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Zahir Shah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali M, Miao L, Hou Q, Darwish DB, Alrdahe SS, Ali A, Benedito VA, Tadege M, Wang X, Zhao J. Overexpression of Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes From Garden Sage ( Salvia officinalis) Modulates Rhizobia Interaction and Nodulation in Soybean. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:783269. [PMID: 35003167 PMCID: PMC8733304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, many endogenous and environmental factors affect root nodule formation through several key genes, and the regulation details of the nodulation signaling pathway are yet to be fully understood. This study investigated the potential roles of terpenoids and terpene biosynthesis genes on root nodule formation in Glycine max. We characterized six terpenoid synthesis genes from Salvia officinalis by overexpressing SoTPS6, SoNEOD, SoLINS, SoSABS, SoGPS, and SoCINS in soybean hairy roots and evaluating root growth and nodulation, and the expression of strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis and early nodulation genes. Interestingly, overexpression of some of the terpenoid and terpene genes increased nodule numbers, nodule and root fresh weight, and root length, while others inhibited these phenotypes. These results suggest the potential effects of terpenoids and terpene synthesis genes on soybean root growth and nodulation. This study provides novel insights into epistatic interactions between terpenoids, root development, and nodulation in soybean root biology and open new avenues for soybean research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Long Miao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuqiang Hou
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doaa B. Darwish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Saleh Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Plant Agricultural, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Vagner A. Benedito
- Plant and Soil Sciences Division, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang,
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jian Zhao, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-7334
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zong X, Fu J, Xu B, Wang Y, Jin M. Interplay between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides. Anim Nutr 2020; 6:389-396. [PMID: 33364454 PMCID: PMC7750803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is comprised of a diverse array of microorganisms that interact with immune system and exert crucial roles for the health. Changes in the gut microbiota composition and functionality are associated with multiple diseases. As such, mobilizing a rapid and appropriate antimicrobial response depending on the nature of each stimulus is crucial for maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inflammation in the gut. Major players in this scenario are antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which belong to an ancient defense system found in all organisms and participate in a preservative co-evolution with a complex microbiome. Particularly increasing interactions between AMP and microbiota have been found in the gut. Here, we focus on the mechanisms by which AMP help to maintain a balanced microbiota and advancing our understanding of the circumstances of such balanced interactions between gut microbiota and host AMP. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the interplay of diverse antimicrobial responses with enteric pathogens and the gut microbiota, which should have therapeutic implications for different intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bajic D, Niemann A, Hillmer AK, Mejias-Luque R, Bluemel S, Docampo M, Funk MC, Tonin E, Boutros M, Schnabl B, Busch DH, Miki T, Schmid RM, van den Brink MRM, Gerhard M, Stein-Thoeringer CK. Gut Microbiota-Derived Propionate Regulates the Expression of Reg3 Mucosal Lectins and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1462-1472. [PMID: 32227170 PMCID: PMC8921751 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Regenerating islet-derived protein type 3 [Reg3] lectins are antimicrobial peptides at mucosal surfaces of the gut, whose expression is regulated by pathogenic gut microbes via interleukin-22- or Toll-like receptor signalling. In addition to antimicrobial effects, tissue protection is hypothesized, but has been poorly investigated in the gut. METHODS We applied antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbations, gnotobiotic approaches and a dextran-sodium sulfate [DSS] colitis model to assess microbial Reg3 regulation in the intestines and its role in colitis. We also used an intestinal organoid model to investigate this axis in vitro. RESULTS First, we studied whether gut commensals are involved in Reg3 expression in mice, and found that antibiotic-mediated reduction of Clostridia downregulated intestinal Reg3B. A loss in Clostridia was accompanied by a significant reduction of short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs], and knock-out [KO] mice for SCFA receptors GPR43 and GPR109 expressed less intestinal Reg3B/-G. Propionate was found to induce Reg3 in intestinal organoids and in gnotobiotic mice colonized with a defined, SCFA-producing microbiota. Investigating the role of Reg3B as a protective factor in colitis, we found that Reg3B-KO mice display increased inflammation and less crypt proliferation in the DSS colitis model. Propionate decreased colitis and increased proliferation. Treatment of organoids exposed to DSS with Reg3B or propionate reversed the chemical injury with a loss of expression of the stem-cell marker Lgr5 and Olfm4. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Clostridia can regulate Reg3-associated epithelial homeostasis through propionate signalling. We also provide evidence that the Reg3-propionate axis may be an important mediator of gut epithelial regeneration in colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Niemann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Hillmer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejias-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sena Bluemel
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego, USA
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Docampo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Immunology Program, New York, USA
| | - Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Tonin
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Diego, USA
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Japan
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph K Stein-Thoeringer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Techn. Univ. Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division Microbiome and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Food has a major impact on all aspects of health. Recent data suggest that food composition can also affect susceptibility to infections by enteropathogenic bacteria. Here, we discuss how food may alter the microbiota as well as mucosal defenses and how this can affect infection. Salmonella Typhimurium diarrhea serves as a paradigm, and complementary evidence comes from other pathogens. We discuss the effects of food composition on colonization resistance, host defenses, and the infection process as well as the merits and limitations of mouse models and experimental foods, which are available to decipher the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kreuzer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding W, Liu J, Zhou X, Miao Q, Zheng H, Zhou B, Dou G, Tong Y, Long Y, Su L. Clinical Multi-Omics Study on the Gut Microbiota in Critically Ill Patients After Cardiovascular Surgery Combined With Cardiopulmonary Bypass With or Without Sepsis (MUL-GM-CSCPB Study): A Prospective Study Protocol. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:269. [PMID: 32733902 PMCID: PMC7360671 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) and hemodynamic instability are complications that develop after cardiac surgery combined with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for heart disease. Patients who develop fever with hemodynamic instability after cardiac surgery may have systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during cardiac surgery. Recent reports suggest that early bloodstream infections of patients undergoing CPB are due to gram-negative bacteria that are present in the intestinal flora. The theory of intestinal flora translocation has growing evidence. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion that occurs during cardiac surgery with CPB will induce a systemic inflammatory reaction and may cause intestinal flora translocation. Does this systemic reaction cause sepsis? We therefore propose this protocol to determine whether the changes in the intestinal flora in patients after cardiac surgery with CPB are related to sepsis. Methods and Analysis: This study is a prospective observational case-control study to analyze the variation in the intestinal microflora and metabolites in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and to observe the outcomes of patients with routine clinical interventions. The control group will include healthy people without intestinal illness. Feces and blood samples will be acquired 1 day before cardiac surgery and within 24-72 h after cardiac surgery, and will be used for genomics and metabolomics analyses. Demographic data describing age, sex, main diagnosis, and past medical history and data related to the CPB time and application of antibiotics are available. Sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment, infection-related laboratory items, infection site, and pathogenic microorganisms, and nutrition, and gastrointestinal function assessment are additionally recorded. Group analysis of data will be conducted according to the outcomes (sepsis vs. non-sepsis and survivors vs. non-survivors). Ethics and Dissemination: This protocol has been ethically approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College (ID: ZS-1612). Informed consent will be obtained before subject enrolment, and data will be stored in a secured database. The results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Trial Registration Number: NCT04032938.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering (BAIC-SM) College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiao Y, Wu L, Huntington ND, Zhang X. Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota and Innate Immunity and Its Implication in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32153586 PMCID: PMC7047319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of microbiota contributing to local mucosal homeostasis has fueled investigation into its specific role in immunology. Gut microbiota is mostly responsible for maintaining the balance between host defense and immune tolerance. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been shown to be related to various alterations of the immune system. This review focuses on the reciprocal relationship between gut microbiota and innate immunity compartment, with emphasis on gut-associated lymphoid tissue, innate lymphoid cells, and phagocytes. From a clinical perspective, the review gives a possible explanation of how the “gut microbiota—innate immunity” axis might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kobayashi K, Honme Y, Sashihara T. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 Induce the Expression of the REG3 Family in the Small Intestine of Mice via the Stimulation of Dendritic Cells and Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2998. [PMID: 31817820 PMCID: PMC6950248 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence clarifies that intestinal barrier function, for example, by the mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides, immune systems, and epithelial tight junctions, plays crucial roles in maintaining our health. We reported previously that yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 and Streptococcus thermophilus 1131 induced the gene expression of the regenerating family member 3 (REG3) family, which encodes antimicrobial peptides in the small intestine, although it was unclear how the yogurt activated the intestinal cells related to it. Here, we evaluated the cytokine production from the intestinal immune cells stimulated by these strains in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the mechanism for the induction of the REG3 family by the yogurt. The results showed that stimulation by both strains induced interleukin (IL)-23 production from bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and IL-22 production from small intestinal lamina propria (LP) cells. In addition, oral administration of these strains to mice increased IL-23p19+ LPDCs and IL-22+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells and induced the expression of Reg3g in small intestinal tissue. Moreover, we showed that the activities for the induction of IL-23 by DCs were strain dependent on L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus and that S. thermophilus 1131, which is the predominant species in the yogurt, exhibited relatively higher activity compared to the other strains of S. thermophilus. Our findings suggested that these yogurt starter strains, L. bulgaricus 2038 and S. thermophilus 1131, have the potential to maintain and improve intestinal barrier function by stimulating immune cells in the LP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Kobayashi
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
| | - Yoshiko Honme
- Basic Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that gut dysbiosis may relate to various liver diseases. Alcoholics with high intestinal permeability had a decrease in the abundance of Ruminnococcus. Intestinal dysmotility, increased gastric pH, and altered immune responses in addition to environmental and genetic factors are likely to cause alcohol-associated gut microbial changes. Alcohol-induced dysbiosis may be associated with gut barrier dysfunction, as microbiota and their products modulate barrier function by affecting epithelial pro-inflammatory responses and mucosal repair functions. High levels of plasma endotoxin are detected in alcoholics, in moderate fatty liver to advanced cirrhosis. Decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an anti-inflammatory commensal, stimulating IL-10 secretion and inhibiting IL-12 and interferon-γ expression. Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia were reported to be increased in NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) patients. Increased abundance of fecal Escherichia to elevated blood alcohol levels in these patients and gut microbiota enriched in alcohol-producing bacteria produce more alcohol (alcohol hypothesis). Some undetermined pathological sequences related to gut dysbiosis may facilitate energy-producing and proinflammatory conditions for the progression of NAFLD. A shortage of autochthonous non-pathogenic bacteria and an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria are common findings in cirrhotic patients. The ratio of the amounts of beneficial autochthonous taxa (Lachnospiraceae + Ruminococaceae + Veillonellaceae + Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XIV) to those of potentially pathogenic taxa (Enterobacteriaceae + Bacteroidaceae) was low in those with early death and organ failure. Cirrhotic patients with decreased microbial diversity before liver transplantation were more likely to develop post-transplant infections and cognitive impairment related to residual dysbiosis. Patients with PSC had marked reduction of bacterial diversity. Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were increased in PSC patients (without liver cirrhosis.) Treatment-naive PBC patients were associated with altered composition and function of gut microbiota, as well as a lower level of diversity. As serum anti-gp210 antibody has been considered as an index of disease progression, relatively lower species richness and lower abundance of Faecalibacterium spp. in gp210-positive patients are interesting. The dysbiosis-induced altered bacterial metabolites such as a hepatocarcinogenesis promotor DCA, together with a leaky gut and bacterial translocation. Gut protective Akkermansia and butyrate-producing genera were decreased, while genera producing-lipopolysaccharide were increased in early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Bacterial infection results in a dynamic interplay between the pathogen and its host. The underlying interactions are multilayered, and the cellular responses are modulated by the local environment. The intestine is a particularly interesting tissue regarding host-pathogen interaction. It is densely colonized by commensal microbes and a portal of entry for ingested pathogens. This necessitates constant monitoring of microbial stimuli in order to maintain homeostasis during encounters with benign microbiota and to trigger immune defenses in response to bacterial pathogens. Homeostasis is maintained by physical barriers (the mucus layer and epithelium), chemical defenses (antimicrobial peptides), and innate immune responses (NLRC4 inflammasome), which keep the bacteria from reaching the sterile lamina propria. Intestinal pathogens represent potent experimental tools to probe these barriers and decipher how pathogens can circumvent them. The streptomycin mouse model of oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection provides a well-characterized, robust experimental system for such studies. Strikingly, each stage of the gut tissue infection poses a different set of challenges to the pathogen and requires tight control of virulence factor expression, host response modulation, and cooperation between phenotypic subpopulations. Therefore, successful infection of the intestinal tissue relies on a delicate and dynamic balance between responses of the pathogen and its host. These mechanisms can be deciphered to their full extent only in realistic in vivo infection models.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chung LK, Raffatellu M. G.I. pros: Antimicrobial defense in the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 88:129-137. [PMID: 29432952 PMCID: PMC6087682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex environment in which the host immune system interacts with a diverse array of microorganisms, both symbiotic and pathogenic. As such, mobilizing a rapid and appropriate antimicrobial response depending on the nature of each stimulus is crucial for maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inflammation in the gut. Here we focus on the mechanisms by which intestinal antimicrobial peptides regulate microbial communities during dysbiosis and infection. We also discuss classes of bacterial peptides that contribute to reducing enteric pathogen outgrowth. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the interplay of diverse antimicrobial responses with enteric pathogens and the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawton K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0704, United States
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0704, United States; Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng HY, Ning MX, Chen DK, Ma WT. Interactions Between the Gut Microbiota and the Host Innate Immune Response Against Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 30984184 PMCID: PMC6449424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is colonized by over a trillion microbes that comprise the "gut microbiota," a microbial community which has co-evolved with the host to form a mutually beneficial relationship. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota participates in immune system maturation and also plays a central role in host defense against pathogens. Here we review some of the mechanisms employed by the gut microbiota to boost the innate immune response against pathogens present on epithelial mucosal surfaces. Antimicrobial peptide secretion, inflammasome activation and induction of host IL-22, IL-17, and IL-10 production are the most commonly observed strategies employed by the gut microbiota for host anti-pathogen defense. Taken together, the body of evidence suggests that the host gut microbiota can elicit innate immunity against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Cheng
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng-Xia Ning
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zha L, Garrett S, Sun J. Salmonella Infection in Chronic Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancer. Diseases 2019; 7:E28. [PMID: 30857369 PMCID: PMC6473780 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella not only causes acute infections, but can also cause patients to become chronic "asymptomatic" carriers. Salmonella has been verified as a pathogenic factor that contributes to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the acute and chronic Salmonella infection and describes the current research progress of Salmonella infection contributing to inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying biological mechanism of the host signaling pathways manipulated by Salmonella effector molecules. Using experimental animal models, researchers have shown that Salmonella infection is related to host biological processes, such as host cell transformation, stem cell maintenance, and changes of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Finally, this review discusses the current challenges and future directions in studying Salmonella infection and its association with human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Zha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Shari Garrett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haak BW, Prescott HC, Wiersinga WJ. Therapeutic Potential of the Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2042. [PMID: 30250472 PMCID: PMC6139316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside advances in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis, there have been tremendous strides in understanding the pervasive role of the gut microbiota in systemic host resistance. In pre-clinical models, a diverse and balanced gut microbiota enhances host immunity to both enteric and systemic pathogens. Disturbance of this balance increases susceptibility to sepsis and sepsis-related organ dysfunction, while restoration of the gut microbiome is protective. Patients with sepsis have a profoundly distorted composition of the intestinal microbiota, but the impact and therapeutic potential of the microbiome is not well-established in human sepsis. Modulation of the microbiota consists of either resupplying the pool of beneficial microbes by administration of probiotics, improving the intestinal microenvironment to enhance the growth of beneficial species by dietary interventions and prebiotics, or by totally recolonizing the gut with a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We propose that there are three potential opportunities to utilize these treatment modalities over the course of sepsis: to decrease sepsis incidence, to improve sepsis outcome, and to decrease late mortality after sepsis. Exploring these three avenues will provide insight into how disturbances of the microbiota can predispose to, or even perpetuate the dysregulated immune response associated with this syndrome, which in turn could be associated with improved sepsis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hallie C Prescott
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kamdar K, Johnson AMF, Chac D, Myers K, Kulur V, Truevillian K, DePaolo RW. Innate Recognition of the Microbiota by TLR1 Promotes Epithelial Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation. J Immunol 2018; 201:230-242. [PMID: 29794015 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is cross-talk between the intestinal epithelium and the microbiota that functions to maintain a tightly regulated microenvironment and prevent chronic inflammation. This communication is partly mediated through the recognition of bacterial proteins by host-encoded innate receptors, such as TLRs. However, studies examining the role of TLR signaling on colonic homeostasis have given variable and conflicting results. Despite its critical role in mediating immunity during enteric infection of the small intestine, TLR1-mediated recognition of microbiota-derived ligands and their influence on colonic homeostasis has not been well studied. In this study, we demonstrate that defective TLR1 recognition of the microbiome by epithelial cells results in disruption of crypt homeostasis specifically within the secretory cell compartment, including a defect in the mucus layer, ectopic Paneth cells in the colon, and an increase in the number of rapidly dividing cells at the base of the crypt. As a consequence of the perturbed epithelial barrier, we found an increase in mucosal-associated and translocated commensal bacteria and chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by an increase in lineage-negative Sca1+Thy1hi innate lymphoid-like cells that exacerbate inflammation and worsen outcomes in a model of colonic injury and repair. Our findings demonstrate that sensing of the microbiota by TLR1 may provide key signals that regulate the colonic epithelium, thereby limiting inflammation through the prevention of bacterial attachment to the mucosa and exposure to the underlying immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kamdar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Denise Chac
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Kalisa Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and
| | - Kyle Truevillian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - R William DePaolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033; and .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu MD, Jia L, Edelblum KL. Policing the intestinal epithelial barrier: Innate immune functions of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Curr Pathobiol Rep 2018; 6:35-46. [PMID: 29755893 PMCID: PMC5943048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will explore the contribution of IELs to mucosal innate immunity and highlight the similarities in IEL functional responses to bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasite invasion. RECENT FINDINGS IELs rapidly respond to microbial invasion by activating host defense responses, including the production of mucus and antimicrobial peptides to prevent microbes from reaching the epithelial surface. During active infection, IELs promote epithelial cytolysis, cytokine and chemokine production to limit pathogen invasion, replication and dissemination. Commensal-induced priming of IEL effector function or continuous surveillance of the epithelium may be important contributing factors to the rapidity of response. SUMMARY Impaired microbial recognition, dysregulated innate immune signaling or microbial dysbiosis may limit the protective function of IELs and increase susceptibility to disease. Further understanding of the mechanisms regulating IEL surveillance and sentinel function may provide insight into the development of more effective targeted therapies designed to reinforce the mucosal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine D Hu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Luo Jia
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stärkel P, Leclercq S, de Timary P, Schnabl B. Intestinal dysbiosis and permeability: the yin and yang in alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:199-212. [PMID: 29352076 DOI: 10.1042/CS20171055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease represent a major public health problem with substantial morbidity and mortality. By yet incompletely understood mechanisms, chronic alcohol abuse is associated with increased intestinal permeability and alterations of the gut microbiota composition, allowing bacterial components, bacteria, and metabolites to reach the portal and the systemic circulation. These gut-derived bacterial products are recognized by immune cells circulating in the blood or residing in remote organs such as the liver leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are considered important mediators of the liver-gut-brain communication. Although circulating cytokines are likely not the sole factors involved, they can induce liver inflammation/damage and reach the central nervous system where they favor neuroinflammation which is associated with change in mood, cognition, and drinking behavior. In this review, the authors focus on the current evidence describing the changes that occur in the intestinal microbiota with chronic alcohol consumption in conjunction with intestinal barrier breakdown and inflammatory changes sustaining the concept of a gut-liver-brain axis in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu MD, Jia L, Edelblum KL. Policing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier: Innate Immune Functions of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. Curr Pathobiol Rep 2018; 6:35-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
34
|
Abstract
In the inflamed gut, the bactericidal lectin RegIIIβ is massively produced by intestinal mucosa. RegIIIβ binds peptidoglycan and lipid A respectively, and thus can kill certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including the gut commensal microbiota and enteropathogenic bacteria. Considering the expression pattern and bactericidal activity, RegIIIβ is believed to be a host defense factor for protecting against the infection with enteropathogenic bacteria. However, it was poorly understood how RegIIIβ recognizes the target bacteria and kill them, and how RegIIIβ plays role(s) in infectious diarrhea. Therefore, our recent study has focused on RegIIIβ-target recognition, killing of Gram-negative bacteria, and host protective functions of RegIIIβ for infectious diarrhea inflicted by Salmonella Typhimurium. Here, we discuss novel insights into the protective role of RegIIIβ in infectious diarrhea, and propose avenues towards novel therapeutic interventions for Salmonella diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan,CONTACT Tsuyoshi Miki Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, 108–8641 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- The Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hoytema van Konijnenburg DP, Reis BS, Pedicord VA, Farache J, Victora GD, Mucida D. Intestinal Epithelial and Intraepithelial T Cell Crosstalk Mediates a Dynamic Response to Infection. Cell 2017; 171:783-794.e13. [PMID: 28942917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are located at the critical interface between the intestinal lumen, which is chronically exposed to food and microbes, and the core of the body. Using high-resolution microscopy techniques and intersectional genetic tools, we investigated the nature of IEL responses to luminal microbes. We observed that TCRγδ IELs exhibit unique microbiota-dependent location and movement patterns in the epithelial compartment. This behavioral pattern quickly changes upon exposure to different enteric pathogens, resulting in increased interepithelial cell (EC) scanning, expression of antimicrobial genes, and glycolysis. Both dynamic and metabolic changes to γδ IEL depend on pathogen sensing by ECs. Direct modulation of glycolysis is sufficient to change γδ IEL behavior and susceptibility to early pathogen invasion. Our results uncover a coordinated EC-IEL response to enteric infections that modulates lymphocyte energy utilization and dynamics and supports maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Hoytema van Konijnenburg
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardo S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Virginia A Pedicord
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julia Farache
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an essential role in initiating the early response against microbial infection, as well as instructing and shaping subsequent responses. Microbial pathogens are enormously diverse in terms of the niches they occupy, their metabolic properties and requirements, and the cellular pathways that they target. Nevertheless, innate sensing of pathogens triggers a relatively stereotyped set of responses that involve transcriptional induction of key inflammatory mediators, as well as post-translational assembly and activation of a multiprotein inflammatory complex termed 'the inflammasome.' Along with classical Pattern Recognition Receptors, the inflammasome activation pathway has emerged as a key regulator of tissue homeostasis and immune defense. Components of the inflammasome generally exist within the cell in a soluble, monomeric state, and oligomerize in response to diverse enzymatic activities associated with infection or cellular stress. Inflammasome assembly triggers activation of the pro-enzyme caspase-1, resulting in the cleavage of caspase-1 targets. The most extensively studied targets are the cytokines of the IL-1 family, but the recent discovery of Gasdermin D as a novel target of caspase-1 and the related inflammatory caspase, caspase-11, has begun to mechanistically define the links between caspase-1 activation and cell death. Cell death is a hallmark of macrophage infection by many pathogens, including the gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the genus Yersinia. Intriguingly, the activities of the Yersinia-secreted effector proteins and the type III secretion system (T3SS) itself have been linked to both inflammasome activation and evasion during infection. The balance between these activating and inhibitory activities shapes the outcome of Yersinia infection. Here, we describe the current state of knowledge on interactions between Yersinia and the inflammasome system, with the goal of integrating these findings within the general framework of inflammasome responses to microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi H Philip
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Immunology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erin E Zwack
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ekmekciu I, von Klitzing E, Fiebiger U, Escher U, Neumann C, Bacher P, Scheffold A, Kühl AA, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Immune Responses to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:397. [PMID: 28469619 PMCID: PMC5395657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of the commensal intestinal microbiota in host physiology and the detrimental effects of its perturbations following antibiotic treatment. Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of antibiotics induced depletion and subsequent restoration of the intestinal microbiota composition on the murine mucosal and systemic immunity. To address this, conventional C57BL/6j mice were subjected to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for 8 weeks. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota by peroral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) led to reestablishment of small intestinal CD4+, CD8+, and B220+ as well as of colonic CD4+ cell numbers as early as 7 days post-FMT. However, at d28 following FMT, colonic CD4+ and B220+ cell numbers were comparable to those in secondary abiotic (ABx) mice. Remarkably, CD8+ cell numbers were reduced in the colon upon antibiotic treatment, and FMT was not sufficient to restore this immune cell subset. Furthermore, absence of gut microbial stimuli resulted in decreased percentages of memory/effector T cells, regulatory T cells, and activated dendritic cells in the small intestine, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spleen. Concurrent antibiotic treatment caused decreased cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-10) of CD4+ cells in respective compartments. These effects were, however, completely restored upon FMT. In summary, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment resulted in profound local (i.e., small and large intestinal), peripheral (i.e., MLN), and systemic (i.e., splenic) changes in the immune cell repertoire that could, at least in part, be restored upon FMT. Further studies need to unravel the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying microbiota-driven changes in immune homeostasis subsequently providing novel therapeutic or even preventive approaches in human immunopathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ira Ekmekciu
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eliane von Klitzing
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fiebiger
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Escher
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Research Center ImmunoSciences (RCIS), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wells JM, Brummer RJ, Derrien M, MacDonald TT, Troost F, Cani PD, Theodorou V, Dekker J, Méheust A, de Vos WM, Mercenier A, Nauta A, Garcia-Rodenas CL. Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G171-G193. [PMID: 27908847 PMCID: PMC5440615 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M. Wells
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert J. Brummer
- 2Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Muriel Derrien
- 3Centre Daniel Carasso, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France;
| | - Thomas T. MacDonald
- 4Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Freddy Troost
- 5Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- 6Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- 7Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Dekker
- 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Willem M. de Vos
- 9Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Annick Mercenier
- 10Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Arjen Nauta
- 11FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Porte R, Van Maele L, Muñoz-Wolf N, Foligné B, Dumoutier L, Tabareau J, Cayet D, Gosset P, Jonckheere N, Van Seuningen I, Chabalgoity JA, Simonet M, Lamkanfi M, Renauld JC, Sirard JC, Carnoy C. Flagellin-Mediated Protection against Intestinal Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection Does Not Require Interleukin-22. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00806-16. [PMID: 27872237 PMCID: PMC5278166 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00806-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the main receptors in innate immunity, is essential for the defense of mucosal surfaces. It was previously shown that systemic TLR5 stimulation by bacterial flagellin induces an immediate, transient interleukin-22 (IL-22)-dependent antimicrobial response to bacterial or viral infections of the mucosa. This process was dependent on the activation of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of flagellin treatment in a murine model of oral infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (an invasive, Gram-negative, enteropathogenic bacterium that targets the small intestine). We found that systemic administration of flagellin significantly increased the survival rate after intestinal infection (but not systemic infection) by Y. pseudotuberculosis This protection was associated with a low bacterial count in the gut and the spleen. In contrast, no protection was afforded by administration of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide, suggesting the presence of a flagellin-specific effect. Lastly, we found that TLR5- and MyD88-mediated signaling was required for the protective effects of flagellin, whereas neither lymphoid cells nor IL-22 was involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Porte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Tabareau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Hopital Saint Vincent, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - José A Chabalgoity
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Michel Simonet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Hygiène, Institut de Microbiologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, and Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, and de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miki T, Goto R, Fujimoto M, Okada N, Hardt WD. The Bactericidal Lectin RegIIIβ Prolongs Gut Colonization and Enteropathy in the Streptomycin Mouse Model for Salmonella Diarrhea. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:195-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
For decades, the gut was thought to play an important role in sepsis pathogenesis. Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Organ failure assessment for sepsis focuses on respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, neurological, and haematological systems. Unfortunately, symptoms of gut failure are non-specific and are therefore not assessed. The composition of the intestinal microbiome, however, is affected by sepsis, and might contribute to the development of organ failure. Experimental work underscores the role of the microbiota in maintaining gut-barrier function, and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Translation of these preclinical findings into functional characterisations will be essential to understand how disruption of commensals affects susceptibility and outcome of sepsis. In this Review, we identify knowledge gaps which, if addressed, will help researchers understand the role of the microbiota in sepsis, and provide microbiota-targeted tools to improve sepsis management.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zgadzaj R, Garrido-Oter R, Jensen DB, Koprivova A, Schulze-Lefert P, Radutoiu S. Root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus drives the establishment of distinctive rhizosphere, root, and nodule bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7996-8005. [PMID: 27864511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616564113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus japonicus has been used for decades as a model legume to study the establishment of binary symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia that trigger root nodule organogenesis for bacterial accommodation. Using community profiling of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we reveal that in Lotus, distinctive nodule- and root-inhabiting communities are established by parallel, rather than consecutive, selection of bacteria from the rhizosphere and root compartments. Comparative analyses of wild-type (WT) and symbiotic mutants in Nod factor receptor5 (nfr5), Nodule inception (nin) and Lotus histidine kinase1 (lhk1) genes identified a previously unsuspected role of the nodulation pathway in the establishment of different bacterial assemblages in the root and rhizosphere. We found that the loss of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis dramatically alters community structure in the latter two compartments, affecting at least 14 bacterial orders. The differential plant growth phenotypes seen between WT and the symbiotic mutants in nonsupplemented soil were retained under nitrogen-supplemented conditions that blocked the formation of functional nodules in WT, whereas the symbiosis-impaired mutants maintain an altered community structure in the nitrogen-supplemented soil. This finding provides strong evidence that the root-associated community shift in the symbiotic mutants is a direct consequence of the disabled symbiosis pathway rather than an indirect effect resulting from abolished symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Our findings imply a role of the legume host in selecting a broad taxonomic range of root-associated bacteria that, in addition to rhizobia, likely contribute to plant growth and ecological performance.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rosadini CV, Zanoni I, Odendall C, Green ER, Paczosa MK, Philip NH, Brodsky IE, Mecsas J, Kagan JC. A Single Bacterial Immune Evasion Strategy Dismantles Both MyD88 and TRIF Signaling Pathways Downstream of TLR4. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:682-93. [PMID: 26651944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During bacterial infections, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signals through the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways to promote pro-inflammatory and interferon (IFN) responses, respectively. Bacteria can inhibit the MyD88 pathway, but if the TRIF pathway is also targeted is unclear. We demonstrate that, in addition to MyD88, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inhibits TRIF signaling through the type III secretion system effector YopJ. Suppression of TRIF signaling occurs during dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage infection and prevents expression of type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines. YopJ-mediated inhibition of TRIF prevents DCs from inducing natural killer (NK) cell production of antibacterial IFNγ. During infection of DCs, YopJ potently inhibits MAPK pathways but does not prevent activation of IKK- or TBK1-dependent pathways. This singular YopJ activity efficiently inhibits TLR4 transcription-inducing activities, thus illustrating a simple means by which pathogens impede innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Rosadini
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20126, Italy; Unit of Cell Signalling and Innate Immunity, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin R Green
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michelle K Paczosa
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Naomi H Philip
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Molecular Microbiology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Prieto D, Carpena N, Maneu V, Gil ML, Pla J, Gozalbo D. TLR2 modulates gut colonization and dissemination of Candida albicans in a murine model. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:656-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Pedicord VA, Lockhart AAK, Rangan KJ, Craig JW, Loschko J, Rogoz A, Hang HC, Mucida D. Exploiting a host-commensal interaction to promote intestinal barrier function and enteric pathogen tolerance. Sci Immunol 2016; 1. [PMID: 28580440 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aai7732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria can prevent pathogenic infection; however, limited knowledge of the mechanisms by which individual bacterial species contribute to pathogen resistance has restricted their potential for therapeutic application. Here, we examined how colonization of mice with a human commensal Enterococcus faecium protects against enteric infections. We show that E. faecium improves host intestinal epithelial defense programs to limit Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium pathogenesis in vivo in multiple models of susceptibility. E. faecium protection is mediated by a unique peptidoglycan hydrolase, SagA, and requires epithelial expression of pattern recognition receptor components and antimicrobial peptides. Ectopic expression of SagA in non-protective and probiotic bacteria is sufficient to enhance intestinal barrier function and confer resistance against S. Typhimurium and Clostridium difficile pathogenesis. These studies demonstrate that specific factors from commensal bacteria can be used to improve host barrier function and limit the pathogenesis of distinct enteric infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Pedicord
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kavita J Rangan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Loschko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aneta Rogoz
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aden K, Rehman A, Falk-Paulsen M, Secher T, Kuiper J, Tran F, Pfeuffer S, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Breuer A, Luzius A, Jentzsch M, Häsler R, Billmann-Born S, Will O, Lipinski S, Bharti R, Adolph T, Iovanna JL, Kempster SL, Blumberg RS, Schreiber S, Becher B, Chamaillard M, Kaser A, Rosenstiel P. Epithelial IL-23R Signaling Licenses Protective IL-22 Responses in Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2208-2218. [PMID: 27524624 PMCID: PMC5443566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of functional and genetic studies have suggested a key role for the IL-23 pathway in chronic intestinal inflammation. Currently, pathogenic actions of IL-23 have been ascribed to specific effects on immune cells. Herein, we unveil a protective role of IL-23R signaling. Mice deficient in IL-23R expression in intestinal epithelial cells (Il23R(ΔIEC)) have reduced Reg3b expression, show a disturbed colonic microflora with an expansion of flagellated bacteria, and succumb to DSS colitis. Surprisingly, Il23R(ΔIEC) mice show impaired mucosal IL-22 induction in response to IL-23. αThy-1 treatment significantly deteriorates colitis in Il23R(ΔIEC) animals, which can be rescued by IL-22 application. Importantly, exogenous Reg3b administration rescues DSS-treated Il23R(ΔIEC) mice by recruiting neutrophils as IL-22-producing cells, thereby restoring mucosal IL-22 levels. The study identifies a critical barrier-protective immune pathway that originates from, and is orchestrated by, IL-23R signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; First Medical Department, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Secher
- University Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Toulouse, UMR 1043-UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Kuiper
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Pfeuffer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Raheleh Sheibani-Tezerji
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Breuer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Billmann-Born
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richa Bharti
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timon Adolph
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, Inserm, UMR 1068-UMR 7258, Centre de Recherche en Carcérologie de Marseille, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Sarah L Kempster
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; First Medical Department, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England, UK
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Yersinia species are bacterial pathogens that can cause plague and intestinal diseases after invading into human cells through the Three Secretion System (TTSS). The effect of pathogenesis is mediated by Yersinia outer proteins (Yop) and manifested as down-regulation of the cytokine genes expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, its pathogenesis can also manipulate the disorder of host innate immune system and cell death such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Among the Yersinia effector proteins, YopB and YopD assist the injection of other virulence effectors into the host cytoplasm, while YopE, YopH, YopJ, YopO, and YopT target on disrupting host cell signaling pathways in the host cytosols. Many efforts have been applied to reveal that intracellular proteins such as Rho-GTPase, and transmembrane receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) both play critical roles in Yersinia pathogenesis, establishing a connection between the pathogenic process and the signaling response. This review will mainly focus on how the effector proteins of Yersinia modulate the intrinsic signals in host cells and disturb the innate immunity of hosts through TTSS.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The human gut harbours a tremendously diverse and abundant microbial community that correlates with, and even modulates, many health-related processes. The mucosal interfaces are particularly active sites of microorganism-host interplay. Growing insight into the characteristic composition and functionality of the mucosal microbiota has revealed that the microbiota is involved in mucosal barrier integrity and immune function. This involvement affects proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes not only at the epithelial level, but also at remote sites such as the joints. Here, we review the role of the gut microbiota in shaping local and systemic immune responses and how disturbances in the host-microorganism interplay can potentially affect the development and progression of rheumatic diseases. Increasing our understanding of how to promote host-microorganism homeostasis could therefore reveal novel strategies for the prevention or alleviation of rheumatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jens T Van Praet
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, 'Fiers-Schell-Van Montagu' building, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium.,Division of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Michael B Drennan
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, 'Fiers-Schell-Van Montagu' building, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, 'Fiers-Schell-Van Montagu' building, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kimura J, Sasaki K. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection intractable by antibiotics: A rare case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 21:139-41. [PMID: 27002288 PMCID: PMC4802195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection is usually cured only by administering antibiotics. The operation must have been performed for this patient because of persistent Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. Early diagnosis and administering antibiotics are important for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection to avoid unnecessary operations.
Introduction Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection is usually cured spontaneously or with administration of antibiotics. Presentation of case The patient is a twelve-year-old boy with right lower quadrant pain who had enterocolitis one month previously. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed a distended and edematous ileum and an intra-abdominal abscess adjacent to the mesentery with a normal appendix. The patient’s general condition did not improve with antibiotics, so an ileocecectomy was performed. Discussion Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection requiring an operation is rare. In our case, antibiotics were not effective in treating the abscess therefore surgery was required. An early diagnosis using serological studies, ultrasound of the abdomen, and fecal culture, with appropriate administration of antibiotics, may have avoided the need for surgery. Considering YP infection as a differential diagnosis is therefore important when encountering patients with enterocolitis, especially with right lower quadrant pain. Early diagnosis may assist in avoiding unnecessary operations. Conclusion Diagnosis of YP infection may be missed or delayed because it is rare and difficult to detect, and must be distinguished from appendicitis. Although most YP infections are self-limiting, some rare cases will require surgery, therefore early diagnosis is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kimura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1, Ike, Kochi 781-8555 Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1, Ike, Kochi 781-8555 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Choi JA, Jeong YJ, Kim JE, Kang MJ, Kim JC, Oh SM, Lee KB, Kim DH, Kim DJ, Park JH. A role for Toll-like receptor 4 in the host response to the lung infection of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in mice. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 44:54-60. [PMID: 26851596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yptb) lung infection model has been developed to study Y. pestis pathogenesis, it is still necessary to establish a new animal model to mimic the pathophysiological features induced by Y. pestis infection. Here, we provide a new lung infection model using the Yptb strain, IP2777, which displayed rapid spread of bacteria to the liver, spleen, and blood. In addition, we examined whether TLR4 is involved in Yptb-induced pathogenesis in the lung infection model of mice we generated. Following lung infection of WT and TLR4-deficient mice with the Yptb strain IP2777, the survival rate, bacterial colonization, histopathology, and level of cytokines and chemokines in the lung, spleen, liver, and blood were analyzed. TLR4-deficient mice had a lower survival rate than WT mice in response to Yptb lung infection. Although the bacterial colonization and pathology of the lung were comparable between WT and TLR4-deficient mice, those of the spleen and liver were more severe in TLR4-deficient mice. In addition, the levels of TNF-α and CXCL2 in the liver and IL-6 and CXCL2 in the blood were higher in TLR4-deficient mice than in WT mice. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 is necessary for optimal host protection against Yptb lung infection and TLR4-deficient mice may serve as a better genetic model of Yptb infection for mimicking Y. pestis infection.
Collapse
|