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Lu T, Zhou L, Chu Z, Song Y, Wang Q, Zhao M, Dai C, Chen L, Cheng G, Wang J, Guo Q. Cordyceps sinensis relieves non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:54. [PMID: 38528546 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacodynamic mechanism underlying Cordyceps sinensis relief in a murine model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We created a murine model of NSCLC and studied the potential molecular mechanism by which C. sinensis relieved NSCLC using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and experimental validation. RESULTS C. sinensis markedly suppressed the fluorescence values in mice with NSCLC, improved the pathologic morphology of lung tissue, ameliorated inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and the oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase). Transcriptomics results showed that the therapeutic effect of C. sinensis was primarily involved in the differentiation and activation of T cells. Based on the proteomic results, C. sinensis likely exerted a protective effect by recruiting immune cells and suppressing tumor cell proliferation via the MAPK pathway. Finally, the experimental validation results indicated that C. sinensis significantly decreased the VEGF and Ki67 expression, downregulated RhoA, Raf-1, and c-fos expression, which are related to cell migration and invasion, increased the serum concentration of hematopoietic factors (EPO and GM-CSF), and improved the percentage of immune cells (natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes), which enhanced immune function. CONCLUSIONS Based on our preclinical study, C. sinensis was shown to exert a protective effect on NSCLC, primarily by inhibiting the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Minghong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chuanhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guangqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Li SS, Qu SL, Xie J, Li D, Zhao PJ. Secondary metabolites and their bioactivities from Paecilomyces gunnii YMF1.00003. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347601. [PMID: 38444802 PMCID: PMC10913189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Four new polyketides (1-4) and seven known compounds (5-11) including three polyketides and four sterols were isolated from the fermented extracts of Paecilomyces gunnii YMF1.00003. The new chemical structures were determined through the analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and their configurations were subsequently confirmed by nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations of the NMR data (qcc NMR). Based on the results of pre-activity screening and compound structure target prediction, certain metabolites were assayed to evaluate their cytotoxic and protein kinase Cα inhibitory activities. Results indicated that 3β-hydroxy-7α-methoxy-5α,6α-epoxy-8(14),22E-dien-ergosta (8) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 3.00 ± 0.27 to 15.69 ± 0.61 μM against five tumor cells, respectively. The new compound gunniiol A (1) showed weak cytotoxic activity at a concentration of 40 μM. At a concentration of 20 μg/mL, compounds 1, 6, and 7 exhibited protein kinase Cα inhibition by 43.63, 40.93, and 57.66%, respectively. This study is the first to report steroids demonstrating good cytotoxicity and polyketides exhibiting inhibitory activity against protein kinase Cα from the extracts of P. gunnii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Li
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qianxinan, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai-Ling Qu
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Xie
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Li
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhang M, Li Q, Nie L, Hai P, Zhang W, Caiji W, Liang W, Zhang H, Zang H. Nondestructive rapid identification of wild Cordyceps sinensis with portable instrument. Phytochem Anal 2023. [PMID: 38035800 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a precious medicinal fungus. Wild CS (WCS) and artificial CS (ACS) are destroyed for their identification using traditional methods, which are time consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a nondestructive identification method to rapidly screen WCS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide technical support for rapid screening of CS and evaluation of its quality. The applicability of the model was improved through model transfer. METHODS In this study, continuous wavelet transform was used to analyze the differences in moisture content and active components between WCS and ACS from the perspective of characteristic molecular groups. A portable instrument and a laboratory benchtop instrument were used to determine CS spectra. Partial least squares discrimination analysis was conducted for the identification of WCS and ACS while preserving the original shape of CS. Moreover, improved principal component analysis was utilized to transfer the model between the two types of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instruments. RESULTS The results demonstrated that three peaks, at 1443, 1941, and 2183 nm, were characteristic absorption peaks. The model based on NIRS could initially provide rapid differentiation between WCS and ACS. At the same time, the accuracy of the external test set was further improved to over 95% through forward transfer. CONCLUSION Therefore, this method could be used for rapid screening of WCS and provides technical support for the nondestructive identification of CS and initial assessment of CS quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Li
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Nie
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Hai
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Modernization of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Quality Control of National Medical Products Administration, Qinghai Institute for Drug Control, Xining, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Modernization of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Quality Control of National Medical Products Administration, Qinghai Institute for Drug Control, Xining, China
| | - Wangmao Caiji
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Han X, Liu LH, Fang XY, Jiang ST, Zhao H, Qian ZM, Yin ZN, Lu LG, Wang CX, Yao XS, Gao H. Cordythiazole A, the first member of thiazole alkaloids from Chinese cordyceps, with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. J Nat Med 2023; 77:986-991. [PMID: 37515674 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cordyceps, also known as Dong-Chong-Xia-Cao, is widely recognized as a famous precious tonic herb, and used as traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It is mainly used for regulating the immune system and improving functions of the lung and kidney, with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. Due to its rarity and preciousness, a few chemical components are isolated and identified. Moreover, most of them are common chemical components and widely distributed in other natural resources, such as nucleosides, sterols, fatty acids, sugar alcohols, and peptides. Therefore, a large number of active substances of Chinese cordyceps is still unclear. During our search for chemical constituents of Chinese cordyceps, a new thiazole alkaloid, cordythiazole A (1), was isolated and identified. Its structure was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This is the first report of the presence of thiazole alkaloid in Chinese cordyceps, which adds a new class of metabolite of Chinese cordyceps. Furthermore, a putative biosynthesis pathway of cordythiazole A was proposed based on possible biogenic precursor, genes, and literatures. In addition, it showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with potency close to that of acarbose. The discovery of cordythiazole A with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity adds a new class of potential anti-diabetes ingredient in Chinese cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Fang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shu-Tai Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Qian
- Dongguan HEC Cordyceps R&D Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523850, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Li-Gong Lu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Guo S, Lin M, Xie D, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhou L, Li S, Hu H. Comparative metabolic profiling of wild Cordyceps species and their substituents by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036589. [PMID: 36506548 PMCID: PMC9729555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi and used widely in fungal drugs. However, in-depth studies of the metabolites of wild Cordyceps species and their substituents are lacking. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics analysis was carried out to comprehensively profile the metabolites in wild Chinese Cordyceps species (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones and Spatafora 2007) from Naqu (NCs) and Yushu (YCs) and their substituents including artificially cultivated Cordyceps species (CCs) and mycelia. A total of 901 metabolites were identified in these samples, including lipids, amino acids, nucleosides, carbohydrates, organic acids, coenzymes, vitamins, alkaloids and their derivatives. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed remarkable differences and significantly different metabolites among them. Seventy amino acid-relevant metabolites were analyzed quantitatively in four samples for the first time. The four samples contained abundant L-glutamic acid and oxidized glutathione as well as multiple unique amino acid-relevant metabolites (e.g., 3-chloro-L-tyrosine, 6-aminocaproic acid, L-theanine, anserine, γ-glutamyl-cysteine). Collectively, our study provides rich metabolic information of wild Cordyceps species and their substituents, which could facilitate their quality control and optimal utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Guo
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Manting Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Maluan Bay Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhou, ; Sheng Li, ; Hankun Hu,
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhou, ; Sheng Li, ; Hankun Hu,
| | - Hankun Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Li Zhou, ; Sheng Li, ; Hankun Hu,
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Wu R, Jia Q, Li X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang S. Preparation of the sphingolipid fraction from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis and its immunosuppressive activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 291:115126. [PMID: 35189280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is an herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine and is used to treat a wide range of disorders, including immune, kidney, respiratory, lung and cardiovascular diseases, in China. Most studies are focused mainly on nucleotides and polysaccharides from CS and consider them to be the main active ingredients, while other ingredients are often disregarded. Hundreds of sphingolipids have been identified from CS and showed inhibitory effects on mouse splenic lymphocytes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to establish a method for preparing a fraction of sphingolipids from the mycelial powder of CS and evaluate its immunosuppressive activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fraction of sphingolipids (Fr-SPLs) were prepared by silica gel chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. Its components were identified and quantified by Quadrupole-Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS. PBMCs were prepared from human blood, and splenic lymphocytes, B cells, and T cells were prepared from mouse spleens. The inhibitory effect of Fr-SPLs on cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. PBMC apoptosis and the ratio of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in PBMCs was detected by ELISA kits. RESULTS A fraction containing 84.83% of sphingolipids (SPLs) was prepared from the mycelia of CS and named Fr-SPLs. 15 SPLs were identified from the Fr-SPLs. Fr-SPLs significantly inhibited the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with an IC50 value of 9.82 μg/mL and promoted PBMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Fr-SPLs inhibited the viability of mouse splenocytes, as well as that of B cells and T cells derived from splenocytes. Furthermore, Fr-SPLs reduced the production of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS Fr-SPLs show immunosuppressive activity, and this study will be useful for preparing immunosuppressive components from CS and its mycelia for hyperimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China; Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 1# Weier Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yuling Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 1# Weier Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Shoude Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China; Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Tang D, Wang Y, Adams AEM, Yu H. Tolypocladium reniformisporum sp. nov. and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) co-occurring on Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Mycol Prog 2022; 21:199-214. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Das G, Shin HS, Leyva-Gómez G, Prado-Audelo MLD, Cortes H, Singh YD, Panda MK, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Saklani S, Chaturi PK, Martorell M, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma V, Garg N, Sharma R, Patra JK. Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:602364. [PMID: 33628175 PMCID: PMC7898063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, interest in the Cordyceps genus has amplified due to its immunostimulatory potential. Cordyceps species, its extracts, and bioactive constituents have been related with cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, phagocytosis stimulation of immune cells, nitric oxide production by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, and stimulation of inflammatory response via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Other pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-cancer, antihyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-fatigue, anti-aging, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, vasorelaxation, anti-depressant, aphrodisiac, and kidney protection, has been reported in pre-clinical studies. These biological activities are correlated with the bioactive compounds present in Cordyceps including nucleosides, sterols, flavonoids, cyclic peptides, phenolic, bioxanthracenes, polyketides, and alkaloids, being the cyclic peptides compounds the most studied. An organized review of the existing literature was executed by surveying several databanks like PubMed, Scopus, etc. using keywords like Cordyceps, cordycepin, immune system, immunostimulation, immunomodulatory, pharmacology, anti-cancer, anti-viral, clinical trials, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, phytochemical analysis, and different species names. This review collects and analyzes state-of-the-art about the properties of Cordyceps species along with ethnopharmacological properties, application in food, chemical compounds, extraction of bioactive compounds, and various pharmacological properties with a special focus on the stimulatory properties of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María L. Del Prado-Audelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | - Sarla Saklani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vineet Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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Rakhee, Mishra J, Yadav RB, Meena DK, Arora R, Sharma RK, Misra K. Novel formulation development from Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) for management of high-altitude maladies. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:9. [PMID: 33442508 PMCID: PMC7778651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a fungus closely related to medicinal mushroom, which belongs to the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is a well-known and rich herbal source of bioactive active constituents. The medicinal mushroom has garnered worldwide attention owing to its multifarious bioactivities. This mushroom grows on the larva of ghost moths (Hepialidae) and produces fruiting bodies, which serve as a vital natural source of medicine and supplementary diets. On account of the diverse pharmacological and bioactive constituents present in O. sinensis, it has been established as a potential antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory agent that has been successfully used for treating several health issues, including hypoxia-related problems encountered by mountaineers, pilgrims, tourists and soldiers occurring at high-altitude regions such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), frostbite, chilblains, hypothermia, etc. The most important pharmacologically active compounds present in the O. sinensis include nucleobases and its derivatives (adenosine, cordycepin, 3-deoxyadenosine, AMP, GMP, UMP, guanosine, uridine), polysaccharides (mannose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose), proteins, peptides and steroids. This article focuses on the various research endeavors undertaken to scientifically establish the medicinal properties of O. sinensis, highlighting the various principally active compounds, their pharmacological action, drug designing and development and future perspective for various health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Jigni Mishra
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Renu Bala Yadav
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
| | - D. K. Meena
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Kshipra Misra
- Phyto Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, 110054 India
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Kumar CG, Mongolla P, Pombala S. Lasiosan, a new exopolysaccharide from Lasiodiplodia sp. strain B2 (MTCC 6000): Structural characterization and biological evaluation. Process Biochem 2018; 72:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mi J, Han Y, Xu Y, Kou J, Li WJ, Wang JR, Jiang ZH. Deep Profiling of Immunosuppressive Glycosphingolipids and Sphingomyelins in Wild Cordyceps. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8991-8998. [PMID: 30059214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep profiling of glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelins in wild Cordyceps was carried out by using offline chromatographic enrichment followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-ultrahigh definition-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UHD-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 119 glycosphingolipids (72 new ones) and 87 sphingomyelins (43 new ones) were identified from wild Cordyceps on the basis of the accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentations, isotope patterns, sphingolipid (SPL) database matching, confirmation by SPL standards, and the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic retention rule. This study is the most comprehensive report on the identification of glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelins from fungus. A subsequent lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse splenic lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that the Cordyceps glycosphingolipid fraction exhibits higher immunosuppressive activity compared to that of Cordyceps sphingomyelins. Our findings provided insight into the chemical diversity of sphingolipids in Cordyceps and chemical evidence for the therapeutic application of wild Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM , China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Road , Nanjing 211198 , China
| | - Wen-Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine , China HEC Pharm Co. Ltd , Guangdong 523850 , China
| | - Jing-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau , China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
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Li Y, Sun Y, Li X, Zhang G, Xin H, Xu H, Zhang L, Li X, Zhang Y. Effects of Acremonium terricola culture on performance, milk composition, rumen fermentation and immune functions in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018; 240:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Park NS, Lee KS, Sohn HD, Kim DH, Lee SM, Park E, Kim I, Je YH, Jin BR. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene from the entomopathogenic fungusCordyceps militaris. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Do Hoon Kim
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
| | - Sang Mong Lee
- Department of Sericultural and Entomological Biology, Miryang National University, Miryang 627-130, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Kyungnam University, Masan 631-260, Korea
| | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon 441-100, Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Je
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea
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Li Y, Wang Y, Ding X, Zhang Y, Xue S, Lin C, Xu W, Dou X, Zhang L. Effects of Acremonium terricola culture on growth performance, antioxidant status and immune functions in weaned calves. Livest Sci 2016; 193:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang DW, Wang ZL, Qi W, Zhao GY. The effects of Cordyceps sinensis phytoestrogen on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:484. [PMID: 25496560 PMCID: PMC4302055 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant chemicals belonging to the "phytoestrogen" class. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of isoflavones obtained from Cordyceps sinensis (CSIF) on development of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS After the rats were treated orally with CSIF, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartarate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), serum osteocalcin (OC), homocysteine (HCY), C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of collagen type I (CTX), estradiol and interferonγ (IFN-γ) level were examined. At the same time, the urine calcium, plasma calcium, plasma phosphorus and the mass of uterus, thymus and body were also examined. RESULTS The beneficial effects of CSIF on improvement of osteoporosis in rats were attributable mainly to decrease ALP activity, TRAP activity, CTX level and IFN-γ level. At the same time, CSIF also increase the OC and estradiol level in ovariectomized osteopenic rats. The histological examination clearly showed that dietary CSIF can prevent bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency. CONCLUSION The significant estrogenic activity of CSIF demonstrated that CSIF has significant estrogenic effects in OVX rats.
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Chen X, May B, Di YM, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC, Lin L. Oral Chinese herbal medicine combined with pharmacotherapy for stable COPD: a systematic review of effect on BODE index and six minute walk test. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91830. [PMID: 24622390 PMCID: PMC3951501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus routine pharmacotherapy (RP) on the objective outcome measures BODE index, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in individuals with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Searches were conducted of six English and Chinese databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CNKI and CQVIP) from their inceptions until 18th November 2013 for randomized controlled trials involving oral administration of CHM plus RP compared to the same RP, with BODE Index and/or 6MWT/D as outcomes. Twenty-five studies were identified. BODE Index was used in nine studies and 6MWT/D was used in 22 studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Weaknesses were identified in most studies. Six studies were judged as 'low' risk of bias for randomisation sequence generation. Twenty-two studies involving 1,834 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The main meta-analysis results showed relative benefits for BODE Index in nine studies (mean difference [MD] -0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.94, -0.47) and 6MWT/D in 17 studies (MD 54.61 meters, 95%CI 33.30, 75.92) in favour of the CHM plus RP groups. The principal plants used were Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng and Cordyceps sinensis. A. membranaceus was used in combination with other herbs in 18 formulae in 16 studies. Detailed sub-group and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Clinically meaningful benefits for BODE Index and 6MWT were found in multiple studies. These therapeutic effects were promising but need to be interpreted with caution due to variations in the CHMs and RPs used and methodological weakness in the studies. These issues should be addressed in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine & Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian May
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuan Ming Di
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Brigham A, Bryan JK, Ceurvels J, Conquer J, Costa D, Culwell S, Giese N, Hashmi S, Hawkins EB, Isaac R, Le TD, LeBlanc Y, Liu A, Rusie-Seamon E, Grimes Serrano JM, Tanguay-Colucci S, Weissner W, Zhou S. Cordyceps (Cordyceps spp.): An Evidence-Based Systematic Review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2013.19606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Brigham
- Former pharmacy students at Northeastern University, in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Kathryn Bryan
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - James Ceurvels
- Former pharmacy students at Northeastern University, in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Conquer
- President of RGB Consulting, in London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Costa
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha Culwell
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Giese
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Sadaf Hashmi
- A clinical assistant professor of psychiatry at the Brown University Alpert School of Medicine, in Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Richard Isaac
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Thuy-Duong Le
- A former pharmacy student at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Yvonne LeBlanc
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Liu
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Erica Rusie-Seamon
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Wendy Weissner
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Zhou
- The Natural Standard Research Collaboration, in Somerville, Massachusetts
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Shashidhar M, Giridhar P, Udaya Sankar K, Manohar B. Bioactive principles from Cordyceps sinensis: A potent food supplement - A review. J Funct Foods 2013; 5:1013-1030. [PMID: 32288795 PMCID: PMC7104994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing the importance of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) and its economics. Alternative artificial cultivation methods for large scale production to meet the world demand for CS. Chemical characterization of compounds in different extracts of CS. Potential health benefits and mechanism of action of compounds in CS. Possible application of whole fungus or its extracts in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a well-known entamophagus fungus, naturally distributed in the Tibetan Plateau of Asia and Himalayas. Recently this synonym is transferred to Ophiocordyceps by both scientific and non-scientific communities. It is widely used as a tonic and medicinal food in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as it possess wonderful health benefits. To support its functional attributes, various investigations have been carried out to find out its adaptogenic, aphrodisiac, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, nootropic, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective role. Its fruiting portion as well as the larvae possesses potent bio-active fractions and their composition almost found to be similar in both. The bioactive principles are nucleosides, exo-polysaccharides, sterols and, proteins, among others. Among nucleosides, adenosine and cordycepin are the major biochemical markers. Further, different types of solvent extracts and their mixtures exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities, while the water and methanol extracts with the richest sources of nucleosides and polysaccharides also show wide range of pharmacological activities. This review gives a panoramic view of potential health benefits of various classes of bio-active fractions along with the need for sustainable management of CS for human wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.G. Shashidhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - P. Giridhar
- Department of Plant Cell Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - K. Udaya Sankar
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - B. Manohar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi, India
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
- Corresponding author at: Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India. Fax: +91 821 2517233.
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Lo HC, Hsieh C, Lin FY, Hsu TH. A Systematic Review of the Mysterious Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Dong-ChongXiaCao ( Dōng Chóng Xià Cǎo) and Related Bioactive Ingredients. J Tradit Complement Med 2013; 3:16-32. [PMID: 24716152 PMCID: PMC3924981 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn.Cordyceps sinensis), which was originally used in traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine, is called either "yartsa gunbu" or "DongChongXiaCao ( Dōng Chóng Xià Cǎo)" ("winter worm-summer grass"), respectively. The extremely high price of DongChongXiaCao, approximately USD $20,000 to 40,000 per kg, has led to it being regarded as "soft gold" in China. The multi-fungi hypothesis has been proposed for DongChongXiaCao; however, Hirsutella sinensis is the anamorph of O. sinensis. In Chinese, the meaning of "DongChongXiaCao" is different for O. sinensis, Cordyceps spp., and Cordyceps sp. Over 30 bioactivities, such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, have been reported for wild DongChongXiaCao and for the mycelia and culture supernatants of O. sinensis. These bioactivities derive from over 20 bioactive ingredients, mainly extracellular polysaccharides, intracellular polysaccharides, cordycepin, adenosine, mannitol, and sterols. Other bioactive components have been found as well, including two peptides (cordymin and myriocin), melanin, lovastatin, γ-aminobutyric acid, and cordysinins. Recently, the bioactivities of O. sinensis were described, and they include antiarteriosclerosis, antidepression, and antiosteoporosis activities, photoprotection, prevention and treatment of bowel injury, promotion of endurance capacity, and learning-memory improvement. H. sinensis has the ability to accelerate leukocyte recovery, stimulate lymphocyte proliferation, antidiabetes, and improve kidney injury. Starting January 1(st), 2013, regulation will dictate that one fungus can only have one name, which will end the system of using separate names for anamorphs. The anamorph name "H. sinensis" has changed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants to O. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Lo
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chienyan Hsieh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Yanchao Township, Kao-Hsiung County, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Healthcare and Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Healthcare and Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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Lo HC, Hsieh C, Lin FY, Hsu TH. A Systematic Review of the Mysterious Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in DongChongXiaCao (冬蟲夏草 Dōng Chóng Xià Cǎo) and Related Bioactive Ingredients. J Tradit Complement Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important component of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The fast economic growth of mainland China in the past two decades has promoted the use of TCM beyond Chinese-speaking countries. Chinese researchers have published more TCM research studies in CAM-related professional journals, including the American Journal of Chinese Medicine (AJCM), the highest impact journal in Chinese medicine. The consistent increase of the impact factor of the AJCM suggests a growth in TCM popularity. This study analyzed articles published in the AJCM between 2004 and 2011. Our data show that while enthusiasm towards cardiovascular, nervous system and inflammation related research remained high, more herbal investigations and cancer studies were published. Furthermore, a reduction in TCM formulation studies was replaced by increasing botanical single constituent research. Examples of frequently cited studies, including those before 2004, are presented. These data are not only important to the scientific community for recognition of trends in TCM research, but also for providing information to TCM researchers who are targeting potentially highly cited studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Hui He
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Natural remedies are becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. Historically, natural remedies have been shown to present interesting biological and pharmacological activity and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. For centuries Cordyceps, which is a genus of more than 400 species in the family Clavicipitaceae, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study highlights the chemistry and pharmacology of Cordyceps, especially Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. and C. militaris (Fr.) L. Information was obtained from Google Scholar and the journal databases PubMed and Scopus.
Key findings
Many bioactive components of Cordyceps have been extracted, such as cordycepin, cordycepic acid, ergosterol, polysaccharides, nucleosides and peptides. Studies show that Cordyceps and its active principles possess a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, antihyperglycaemic, antiapoptosis, immunomodulatory, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective.
Summary
More research is required to discover the full extent of the activity of Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yue
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Meng Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zuji Zhou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Aiming the extract of Cordyceps sinensis significantly inhibits airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the infiltration of eosinophils in the airway of rats and may be related to the modulation of T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells functions. The mechanisms of C. sinensis involved in modulation of suppression inflammation are not yet determined. In this study, the mechanism involved in the extract of C. sinensis-C.S.3-modulated suppression of inflammation was investigated in vivo and in vitro systems. The results showed that C.S.3 reduced airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice. Furthermore, we found C.S.3 could decrease extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway to suppress activity of nuclear factor-κB in lung cells and cultured airway smooth muscle cells. Conclusion C.S.3 may provide clinical applications for asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chiou
- Department of Nutrition & Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Rd, Sha Lu, Taichung 443, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Cui JD, Zhang YN. Evaluation of Metal Ions and Surfactants Effect on Cell Growth and Exopolysaccharide Production in Two-Stage Submerged Culture of Cordyceps militaris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1394-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li CY, Chiang CS, Cheng WC, Wang SC, Cheng HT, Chen CR, Shu WY, Tsai ML, Hseu RS, Chang CW, Huang CY, Fang SH, Hsu IC. Gene expression profiling of dendritic cells in different physiological stages under Cordyceps sinensis treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40824. [PMID: 22829888 PMCID: PMC3400664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) has been commonly used as herbal medicine and a health supplement in China for over two thousand years. Although previous studies have demonstrated that CS has benefits in immunoregulation and anti-inflammation, the precise mechanism by which CS affects immunomodulation is still unclear. In this study, we exploited duplicate sets of loop-design microarray experiments to examine two different batches of CS and analyze the effects of CS on dendritic cells (DCs), in different physiology stages: naïve stage and inflammatory stage. Immature DCs were treated with CS, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or LPS plus CS (LPS/CS) for two days, and the gene expression profiles were examined using cDNA microarrays. The results of two loop-design microarray experiments showed good intersection rates. The expression level of common genes found in both loop-design microarray experiments was consistent, and the correlation coefficients (Rs), were higher than 0.96. Through intersection analysis of microarray results, we identified 295 intersecting significantly differentially expressed (SDE) genes of the three different treatments (CS, LPS, and LPS/CS), which participated mainly in the adjustment of immune response and the regulation of cell proliferation and death. Genes regulated uniquely by CS treatment were significantly involved in the regulation of focal adhesion pathway, ECM-receptor interaction pathway, and hematopoietic cell lineage pathway. Unique LPS regulated genes were significantly involved in the regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades pathway. Unique LPS/CS regulated genes were significantly involved in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These results could provide useful information in further study of the pharmacological mechanisms of CS. This study also demonstrates that with a rigorous experimental design, the biological effects of a complex compound can be reliably studied by a complex system like cDNA microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsu Cheng
- Institute of Nanoengineerin and Microsystem, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chaang-Ray Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Yi Shu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Lung Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shyang Hseu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan Sport University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ian C. Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kim HJ, Lee TH, Kwon YS, Son MW, Kim CK. Immunomodulatory Activities of Ethanol Extract of Cordyceps militaris in Immunocompromised Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.4.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhu R, Chen YP, Deng YY, Zheng R, Zhong YF, Wang L, Du LP. Cordyceps cicadae extracts ameliorate renal malfunction in a remnant kidney model. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:1024-33. [PMID: 22135152 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem with an urgent need for new pharmacological agents. Cordyceps cicadae is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has potential renoprotective benefits. The current study aimed to determine any scientific evidence to support its clinical use. METHODS We analyzed the potential of two kinds of C. cicadae extract, total extract (TE) and acetic ether extract (AE), in treating kidney disease simulated by a subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into seven groups: sham-operated group, vehicle-treated SNx, Cozaar, 2 g/(kg∙d) TE SNx, 1 g/(kg∙d) TE SNx, 92 mg/(kg∙d) AE SNx, and 46 mg/(kg∙d) AE SNx. Renal injury was monitored using urine and serum analyses, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stainings were used to analyze the level of fibrosis. The expression of type IV collagen (Col IV), fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Renal injury, reflected in urine and serum analyses, and pathological changes induced by SNx were attenuated by TE and AE intervention. The depositions of Col IV and FN were also decreased by the treatments and were accompanied by reduced expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. In some respects, 2 g/(kg∙d) of TE produced better effects than Cozaar. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we have shown that C. cicadae may inhibit renal fibrosis in vivo through the TGF-β1/CTGF pathway. Therefore, we conclude that the use of C. cicadae could provide a rational strategy for combating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Lo HC, Hsu TH, Tu ST, Lin KC. Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of Natural and Fermented Cordyceps sinensis in Rats with Diabetes Induced by Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin. Am J Chin Med 2012; 34:819-32. [PMID: 17080547 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06004314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, attenuated diabetes-induced weight loss, polydipsia, and hyperglycemia in rats. In the present study, we further compared the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the fermented mycelia and broth of Cordyceps sinensis with that of the fruiting bodies. Male Wistar rats orally administered a placebo (STZ group), fruiting bodies (FB group, 1 g/day), fermented mycelia (MCS group, 1 g/day), fermented broth (BCS group, 1 g/day), or fermented mycelia plus broth (XCS group, 0.5 g/day of each) of Cordyceps sinensis (d1 to d28) were injected with nicotinamide (200 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) on d15. Rats fed with a placebo and injected with saline served as the control (CON) group. The amount of water and food consumption (d15 to d29), the 2-hour-postprandial blood glucose concentrations (d21 and d28), and the serum concentrations of fructosamine (d29) were significantly lower in the FB, MCS, BCS, and XCS groups than in the STZ group (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). The diabetic rats had significantly higher blood glucose concentrations as measured by the oral glucose tolerance test than the control rats; moreover, these changes were significantly reduced by ingesting the fruiting bodies, fermented mycelia and/or broth of Cordyceps sinensis. Our results revealed that the fermented mycelia and broth of Cordyceps sinensis have anti-hyperglycemic activities similar to those of the fruiting bodies. Therefore, the fermented products of Cordyceps sinensis could be developed as potential anti-diabetic agents or functional foods for persons with a high risk of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Lo
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang-Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan, ROC
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Tam WW, Wong EL, Wong FC, Cheung AW. Citation classics in the integrative and complementary medicine literature: 50 frequently cited articles. Eur J Integr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tang TY. A nonimmunosuppressant approach on Asia psoriasis subjects: 5-year followup and 11-year data analysis. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:304172. [PMID: 22287957 DOI: 10.1155/2012/304172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- or combine immunosuppressants are commonly used for psoriasis; however the side effect caused by potent systemic immunosuppressants frequently incurred; moreover the inflammation flares up shortly after immunosuppressants are discontinued. An alternative nonimmunosuppressive therapy was introduced to psoriasis subjects. A retrospective observational study consisted of 1583 psoriasis patients who were treated with Herose Psoria capsule 1440 mg three times daily at two clinical centres, one in China, the other in Singapore, from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2011. Psoriasis lesion evolution was photographed at monthly visit, and efficacy and safety were assessed using psoriasis area severity index PASI score grading, renal and liver function testing, and adverse event reporting and supplemented by information obtained during targeted telephone interviews. The effectiveness of Herose on psoriasis was inversely associated to prior immunosuppressants exposure (r = 0.9154), significant improvements occurred in non-immunosuppressants subjects, and complete clearance was achieved in 8 months (87.5%, 14 of 16); the wavelike evolution of psoriatic lesion appeared in prior immunosuppressants subjects.
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Abstract
We have determined the trace element composition of anti-influenza virus mushrooms using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The elements present in greater concentration in Ganoderma lucidum samples are selenium, iron, and zinc, with selenium being the element with the highest concentration of all, at 416 ± 38.5 mg/kg; in Cordyceps militaris samples are iron, selenium, and zinc, with iron being the element with the highest concentration of all, at 291 ± 20.9 mg/kg; in Kuehneromyces mutabilis samples are selenium, iron, and manganese, with selenium being the element with the highest concentration of all, at 203 ± 9.8 mg/kg; in Inonotus hispidus samples are zinc, selenium, and iron, with zinc being the element with the highest concentration of all, at 194 ± 16.9mg/kg; in the Collybia maculata samples are iron, selenium, and zinc, with iron being the element with the highest concentration of all, at 274 ± 22.2 mg/kg, respectively. The average metal concentrations in mushrooms decreases in the order: selenium > iron > zinc > chromium > manganese > copper > magnesium > lead. After the mice were administered (orally) with mushroom extracts for 8 weeks and inoculated intranasally with viral suspension, element levels in serum were also measured. Highly significantly increased values of Se, Zn, and Mg in the serum of mice supplemented with anti-influenza virus mushrooms were a characteristic finding. Se, Zn, and Mg present in mushrooms may play a direct or indirect role in their anti-influenza virus nature. They may provide prophylactic protection against influenza infection via stimulation of host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
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Cui JD, Zhang BZ. Comparison of culture methods on exopolysaccharide production in the submerged culture of Cordyceps militaris and process optimization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 52:123-8. [PMID: 21214603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To improve exopolysaccharides (EPS) production of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris), effects of different culture method on mycelial biomass and EPS production in the submerged culture of C. militaris were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A new two-stage fermentation process for EPS production of C. militaris was designed in this work. Central composite design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the two-stage fermentation process. The results showed that the two-stage fermentation process for EPS production was superior to other culture method (conventional static culture and shake culture). CCD revealed that the optimum values of the test variables for EPS production were shaken for 140 h followed by 130-h static culture. The maximum EPS production reached 3·2 g l(-1) under optimized two-stage culture and was about 2·3-fold and 1·6-fold in comparison with those of original static culture and shake culture. CONCLUSIONS It was indicated that a new two-stage culture method obtained in this work possessed a high potential for the industrial production for EPS of C. militaris. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The fundamental information obtained in this work is complementary to those of previous investigations on the submerged culture of C. militaris for the production of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cui
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhang, China.
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Cui J, Jia S. Optimization of medium on exopolysaccharides production in submerged culture of Cordyceps militaris. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010; 19:1567-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Liu Z, Li P, Zhao D, Tang H, Guo J. Anti-inflammation Effects of Cordyceps sinensis Mycelium in Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury Rats. Inflammation 2010; 34:639-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu Z, Li P, Zhao D, Tang H, Guo J. Protective effect of extract of Cordyceps sinensis in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Behav Brain Funct 2010; 6:61. [PMID: 20955613 PMCID: PMC2984477 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic hypoxic brain injury often causes irreversible brain damage. The lack of effective and widely applicable pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke patients may explain a growing interest in traditional medicines. From the point of view of "self-medication" or "preventive medicine," Cordyceps sinensis was used in the prevention of cerebral ischemia in this paper. Methods The right middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used in the study. The effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Caterpillar fungus) extract on mortality rate, neurobehavior, grip strength, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione content, Lipid Peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase activity, catalase activity, Na+K+ATPase activity and glutathione S transferase activity in a rat model were studied respectively. Results Cordyceps sinensis extract significantly improved the outcome in rats after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in terms of neurobehavioral function. At the same time, supplementation of Cordyceps sinensis extract significantly boosted the defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia by increasing antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis. Restoration of the antioxidant homeostasis in the brain after reperfusion may have helped the brain recover from ischemic injury. Conclusions These experimental results suggest that complement Cordyceps sinensis extract is protective after cerebral ischemia in specific way. The administration of Cordyceps sinensis extract significantly reduced focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. The defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia was by increasing antioxidants activity related to lesion pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R China
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Abstract
Abstract
Cordyceps species, including C. sinensis, C. militaris, C. pruinosa and C. ophioglossoides, are prized traditional medicinal materials. The aim of this article is to review the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Cordyceps species. The chemical constituents include cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) and its derivatives, ergosterol, polysaccharides, a glycoprotein and peptides containing α-aminoisobutyric acid. They include anti-tumour, anti-metastatic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, anti-ageing, neuroprotective and renoprotective effects. Polysaccharide accounts for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-metastatic, immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic, steroidogenic and hypolipidaemic effects. Cordycepin contributes to the anti-tumour, insecticidal and antibacterial activity. Ergosterol exhibits anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activity. A DNase has been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Xiao G, Miyazato A, Abe Y, Zhang T, Nakamura K, Inden K, Tanaka M, Tanno D, Miyasaka T, Ishii K, Takeda K, Akira S, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Yamamoto N, Kunishima H, Hirakata Y, Kaku M, Kawakami K. Activation of myeloid dendritic cells by deoxynucleic acids from Cordyceps sinensis via a Toll-like receptor 9-dependent pathway. Cell Immunol 2010; 263:241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen CS, Huang CT, Hseu RS. Identification ofCordyceps sinensisby 18S nrDNA Sequencing and Characterization of Fermented Products in Taiwan. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430903099487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li CY, Chiang CS, Tsai ML, Hseu RS, Shu WY, Chuang CY, Sun YC, Chang YS, Lin JG, Chen CS, Huang CL, Hsu IC. Two-sided effect ofCordyceps sinensison dendritic cells in different physiological stages. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 85:987-95. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0908573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Park DK, Choi WS, Park PJ, Kim EK, Jeong YJ, Choi SY, Yamada K, Kim JD, Lim BO. Immunoglobulin and cytokine production from mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes is regulated by extracts of Cordyceps sinensis in C57Bl/6N mice. J Med Food 2009; 11:784-8. [PMID: 19053874 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, one of the well-known fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine, is recognized to play a role in the metabolic process of inflammation and immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of C. sinensis on the immune function of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphocytes in C57Bl/6N mice. C. sinensis-treated mice were administered the respective extract by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Immunoglobulin E concentrations in serum and MLN lymphocytes were significantly lower in C. sinensis-treated mice than in control mice. In contrast, the immunoglobulin A concentration from the C. sinensis group was higher than that in control mice. C. sinensis increased the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in MLN lymphocytes. C. sinensis significantly decreased interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 cytokine concentrations. Therefore, water extracts of C. sinensis modulate immune parameters through regulation of immunoglobulin production resulting from decreased T-lymphocyte helper 2 cytokine secretion and reduce cytokine secretion in MLN lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ki Park
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, including Cordyceps militaris, have received attention in Korea because of their biological activities. In the fruiting body and in corpus of C. militaris, the total free amino acid content was 69.32 mg/g and 14.03 mg/g, respectively. In the fruiting body, the most abundant amino acids were lysine, glutamic acid, proline and threonine. The fruiting body was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which comprised about 70% of the total fatty acids. The most abundant unsaturated acid was linoleic acid. There were differences in adenosine and cordycepin contents between the fruiting body and the corpus. The adenosine concentration was 0.18% in the fruiting body and 0.06% in the corpus, and the cordycepin concentration was 0.97% in the fruiting body and 0.36% in the corpus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hur
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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Ka Wai Lee S, Kwok Wong C, Kai Kong S, Nam Leung K, Wai Kei Lam C. Immunomodulatory Activities of HERBSnSENSES™Cordyceps—in Vitroandin VivoStudies. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 28:341-60. [PMID: 16873101 DOI: 10.1080/08923970600809470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The commercially available HERBSnSENSEStrade mark Cordyceps (HSCS) belongs to a cultivated strain of Cordyceps sinensis whose immunomodulatory activities has been renowned in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. The present report is the first that describes its immunomodulatory features through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. We measured, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells the in vitro effects of HSCS on the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors, cytokine release, and surface expression of cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array, cytometric bead array (CBA), and immunoflorescence staining, respectively, as well as macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H2O2 using flow cytometry. Sixty female BALB/c mice were fed with either HSCS (40 mg/kg/day) or water consecutively for 14 days. Proliferation, cytokine liberation, and CD3/4/8 expression of splenic cells were measured using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine proliferation ELISA, CBA, and cytometry immunoflorescence staining, respectively. In vitro results demonstrated that HSCS induced the production of interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alphaalpha from PBMC, augmented surface expression of CD25 on lymphocytes, and elevated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H2O2. In vivo results showed that HSCS did not induce splenomegaly and cytokine overliberation. Our results possibly provide the biochemical basis for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ka Wai Lee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Hsu CH, Sun HL, Sheu JN, Ku MS, Hu CM, Chan Y, Lue KH. Effects of the immunomodulatory agent Cordyceps militaris on airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. Pediatr Neonatol 2008; 49:171-8. [PMID: 19133568 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(09)60004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris is a well-known fungus with immunomodulatory activity. It is generally used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat hemoptysis, bronchial or lung inflammation, and urogenital disorders. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of cultivated C. militaris on airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) on Days 0 and 14, and were then given intranasal OVA on Day 14 and Days 25-27. Randomized treatment groups of sensitized mice were administered C. militaris, prednisolone, montelukast, or placebo by gavage from Days 15-27. Airway hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine was determined. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were analyzed to assess airway inflammation. RESULTS OVA-sensitized mice developed a significant airway inflammatory response that was inhibited by prednisolone and montelukast, whilst C. militaris reduced airway inflammation less effectively. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was observed in OVA-sensitized mice and was reversed by both prednisolone and montelukast. C. militaris initially reversed airway hyperreactivity, but this effect disappeared at higher methacholine doses. CONCLUSION C. militaris can modulate airway inflammation in asthma, but it is less effective than prednisolone or montelukast. These results demonstrate that C. militaris is unable to adequately block the potent mediators of asthmatic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiu Hsu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jiang YH, Jiang XL, Wang P, Mou HJ, Hu XK, Liu SQ. The antitumor and antioxidative activities of polysaccharides isolated from Isaria farinosa B05. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:424-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Paterson RRM. Cordyceps: a traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? Phytochemistry 2008; 69:1469-95. [PMID: 18343466 PMCID: PMC7111646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are growing in popularity. However, are they effective? Cordyceps is not studied as systematically for bioactivity as another TCM, Ganoderma. Cordyceps is fascinating per se, especially because of the pathogenic lifestyle on Lepidopteron insects. The combination of the fungus and dead insect has been used as a TCM for centuries. However, the natural fungus has been harvested to the extent that it is an endangered species. The effectiveness has been attributed to the Chinese philosophical concept of Yin and Yang and can this be compatible with scientific philosophy? A vast literature exists, some of which is scientific, although others are popular myth, and even hype. Cordyceps sinensis is the most explored species followed by Cordyceps militaris. However, taxonomic concepts were confused until a recent revision, with undefined material being used that cannot be verified. Holomorphism is relevant and contamination might account for some of the activity. The role of the insect has been ignored. Some of the analytical methodologies are poor. Data on the "old" compound cordycepin are still being published: ergosterol and related compounds are reported despite being universal to fungi. There is too much work on crude extracts rather than pure compounds with water and methanol solvents being over-represented in this respect (although methanol is an effective solvent). Excessive speculation exists as to the curative properties. However, there are some excellent pharmacological data and relating to apoptosis. For example, some preparations are active against cancers or diabetes which should be fully investigated. Polysaccharides and secondary metabolites are of particular interest. The use of genuine anamorphic forms in bioreactors is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russell M Paterson
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Hyun SH, Jeon TW, Lee SK, Kim CH, Seo YM, Kim JH, Jeong HM, Kang MJ, Lee JS, Jeong TC. Hepatoprotective Effects of Paecilomyces tenuipes Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Primary Cultures of Adult Rat Hepatocytes. Toxicol Res 2007. [DOI: 10.5487/tr.2007.23.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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