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Staruschenko A, Alexander RT, Caplan MJ, Ilatovskaya DV. Calcium signalling and transport in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z. [PMID: 38641658 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The kidney plays a pivotal role in regulating calcium levels within the body. Approximately 98% of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the nephron, and this process is tightly controlled to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is required to facilitate optimal bone mineralization, preserve serum calcium levels within a narrow range, and support intracellular signalling mechanisms. The maintenance of these functions is attributed to a delicate balance achieved by various calcium channels, transporters, and calcium-binding proteins in renal cells. Perturbation of this balance due to deficiency or dysfunction of calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins can lead to severe complications. For example, polycystic kidney disease is linked to aberrant calcium transport and signalling. Furthermore, dysregulation of calcium levels can promote the formation of kidney stones. This Review provides an updated description of the key aspects of calcium handling in the kidney, focusing on the function of various calcium channels and the physiological stimuli that control these channels or are communicated through them. A discussion of the role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger and the pathophysiology of renal calcium dysregulation, as well as a summary of gaps in knowledge and future prospects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women's and Children's Health Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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2
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Dong C, Zhou J, Su X, He Z, Song Q, Song C, Ke H, Wang C, Liao W, Yang S. Understanding formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis in renal interstitium and tubule lumen. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18235. [PMID: 38509735 PMCID: PMC10955165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone, one of the oldest known diseases, has plagued humans for centuries, consistently imposing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide due to their high incidence and recurrence rates. Advancements in endoscopy, imaging, genetics, molecular biology and bioinformatics have led to a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism behind nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone formation is a complex, multi-step and long-term process involving the transformation of stone-forming salts from free ions into asymptomatic or symptomatic stones influenced by physical, chemical and biological factors. Among the various types of kidney stones observed in clinical practice, calcareous nephrolithiasis is currently the most common and exhibits the most intricate formation mechanism. Extensive research suggests that calcareous nephrolithiasis primarily originates from interstitial subepithelial calcified plaques and/or calcified blockages in the openings of collecting ducts. These calcified plaques and blockages eventually come into contact with urine in the renal pelvis, serving as a nidus for crystal formation and subsequent stone growth. Both pathways of stone formation share similar mechanisms, such as the drive of abnormal urine composition, involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation, and an imbalance of stone inhibitors and promoters. However, they also possess unique characteristics. Hence, this review aims to provide detailed description and present recent discoveries regarding the formation processes of calcareous nephrolithiasis from two distinct birthplaces: renal interstitium and tubule lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitao Dong
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chao Song
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of UrologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Yu Y, Pan X, Fu G. Association of urinary calcium excretion with chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-03978-x. [PMID: 38498272 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Herein, we investigated the correlation between urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS From August 2018 to January 2023, a total of 2031 T2DM patients providing 24-h urine samples were included in the final analyses. Patients were separated into four cohorts, based on the UCaE quartiles. We then analyzed renal functional indicators like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) among the four groups. Lastly, we utilized multivariable logistic regression models to investigate the correlation between UCaE and CKD. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, we observed a decreasing trend in CKD prevalence (36.3%, 13.0%, 7.5%, and 6.6%, respectively, P < 0.001) across the UCaE quartiles. Albuminuria (55.5% vs. 40.0%, 36.5%, 37.4%) and macroalbuminuria prevalence (20.0% vs. 9.3%, 5.2%, 5.7%) in the lowest quartile were markedly elevated, compared to the remaining three quartiles (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the eGFR level (P < 0.001) showed a clearly increasing trend across the UCaE quartiles, and patients with moderate-to-severe decreases in eGFR levels (with cutoff limits at 30-59, 15-30, and < 15 mL/min/1.73m2) were mostly found in the lowest quartile (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in the lowest quartile experienced an enhanced prevalence of CKD, relative to those in the highest quartile (odds ratio: 5.90, 95% confidence interval: 3.60-9.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Decreased UCaE was independently associated with the CKD prevalence in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanping Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guoxiang Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Wang MY, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Onodera T, Sun XN, Zhu Q, Li C, Li N, Chen S, Paredes M, Gautron L, Charron MJ, Marciano DK, Gordillo R, Drucker DJ, Scherer PE. Downregulation of the kidney glucagon receptor, essential for renal function and systemic homeostasis, contributes to chronic kidney disease. Cell Metab 2024; 36:575-597.e7. [PMID: 38237602 PMCID: PMC10932880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The glucagon receptor (GCGR) in the kidney is expressed in nephron tubules. In humans and animal models with chronic kidney disease, renal GCGR expression is reduced. However, the role of kidney GCGR in normal renal function and in disease development has not been addressed. Here, we examined its role by analyzing mice with constitutive or conditional kidney-specific loss of the Gcgr. Adult renal Gcgr knockout mice exhibit metabolic dysregulation and a functional impairment of the kidneys. These mice exhibit hyperaminoacidemia associated with reduced kidney glucose output, oxidative stress, enhanced inflammasome activity, and excess lipid accumulation in the kidney. Upon a lipid challenge, they display maladaptive responses with acute hypertriglyceridemia and chronic proinflammatory and profibrotic activation. In aged mice, kidney Gcgr ablation elicits widespread renal deposition of collagen and fibronectin, indicative of fibrosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate an essential role of the renal GCGR in normal kidney metabolic and homeostatic functions. Importantly, mice deficient for kidney Gcgr recapitulate some of the key pathophysiological features of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Paredes
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-TanenbaumResearchInstitute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G1X5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Smit A, Meijer O, Winter E. The multi-faceted nature of age-associated osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101750. [PMID: 38566930 PMCID: PMC10985042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-associated osteoporosis (AAOP) poses a significant health burden, characterized by increased fracture risk due to declining bone mass and strength. Effective prevention and early treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate the disease burden and the associated healthcare costs. Current therapeutic approaches effectively target the individual contributing factors to AAOP. Nonetheless, the management of AAOP is complicated by the multitude of variables that affect its development. Main intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to AAOP risk are reviewed here, including mechanical unloading, nutrient deficiency, hormonal disbalance, disrupted metabolism, cognitive decline, inflammation and circadian disruption. Furthermore, it is discussed how these can be targeted for prevention and treatment. Although valuable as individual targets for intervention, the interconnectedness of these risk factors result in a unique etiology for every patient. Acknowledgement of the multifaceted nature of AAOP will enable the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies, based on a holistic, patient-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - O.C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E.M. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Diebolt CM, Schaudien D, Junker K, Krasteva-Christ G, Tschernig T, Englisch CN. New insights in the renal distribution profile of TRPC3 - Of mice and men. Ann Anat 2024; 252:152192. [PMID: 37977270 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Several reports previously investigated the Transient Receptor Potential Canonical subfamily channel 3 (TRPC3) in the kidney. However, most of the conclusions are based on animal samples or cell cultures leaving the door open for human tissue investigations. Moreover, results often disagreed among investigators. Histological description is lacking since most of these studies focused on functional aspects. Nevertheless, the same reports highlighted the potential key-role of TRPC3 in renal disorders. Hence, our interest to investigate the localization of TRPC3 in human kidneys. For this purpose, both healthy mouse and human kidney samples that were originated from tumor nephrectomies have been prepared for immunohistochemical staining using a knockout-validated antibody. A blocking peptide was used to confirm antibody specificity. A normalized weighted diaminobenzidine (DAB) area score between 0 and 3 comparable to a pixelwise H-score was established and employed for semiquantitative analysis. Altogether, our results suggest that glomeruli only express little TRPC3 compared to several segments of the tubular system. Cortical and medullary proximal tubules are stained, although intracortical differences in staining exist in mice. Intermediate tubules, however, are only weakly stained. The distal tubule was studied in three localizations and staining was marked although slightly varying throughout the different subsegments. Finally, the collecting duct was also immunolabeled in both human and mouse tissue. We therefore provide evidence that TRPC3 is expressed in various localizations of both human and mouse samples. We verify results of previous studies and propose until now undescribed localizations of TRPC3 in the mouse but especially and of greater interest in the human kidney. We thereby not only support the translational concept of the TRPC3 channel as key-player in physiology and pathophysiology of the human kidney but also present new potential targets to functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline M Diebolt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover 30625, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany.
| | - Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar 66421, Germany
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Al-Shebel A, Michel G, Breiderhoff T, Müller D. Urinary Acidification Does Not Explain the Absence of Nephrocalcinosis in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypomagnesaemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1779. [PMID: 38339056 PMCID: PMC10855382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations in Cldn16 suffer from familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) which can lead to renal insufficiency. Mice lacking claudin-16 show hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria, but no nephrocalcinosis. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the most common insoluble calcium salts that accumulate in the kidney in the case of nephrocalcinosis, however, the formation of these salts is less favored in acidic conditions. Therefore, urine acidification has been suggested to limit the formation of calcium deposits in the kidney. Assuming that urine acidification is causative for the absence of nephrocalcinosis in the claudin-16-deficient mouse model, we aimed to alkalinize the urine of these mice by the ablation of the subunit B1 of the vesicular ATPase in addition to claudin-16. In spite of an increased urinary pH in mice lacking claudin-16 and the B1 subunit, nephrocalcinosis did not develop. Thus, urinary acidification is not the only factor preventing nephrocalcinosis in claudin-16 deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Al-Shebel
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Geert Michel
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Research Institutes for Experimental Medicine, Transgenic Technologies, Robert Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Dominik Müller
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (D.M.)
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Vrielinck J, Janssens GPJ, Chantziaras I, Cools A, Maes D. Urolithiasis Problems in Finishing Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:688. [PMID: 38133239 PMCID: PMC10748364 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes cases of urolithiasis in fattening pigs on two farms (A and B). Bladder rupture due to urethral obstruction with calculi was the principal finding during the necropsy of the pigs. An in-depth diagnostic examination was performed to elucidate possible pathophysiological mechanisms, namely Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) analysis of the uroliths, blood analysis (farm A: 5 samples, farm B: 10 samples) for assessing concentrations of minerals, the bone resorption marker cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D components, biochemical urinalysis (farm A: 5 samples, farm B: 7 samples), microscopic examination of urinary sediment (Farms A and B: 7 samples each), mineral composition of the feed, and analysis of the drinking water. Calcium carbonate was the main component found in stones from both farms, and calcium carbonate and struvite were the main components found in crystals from farms A and B, respectively. On farm A, urinary calcium excretion and urinary pH were high; on farm B, urinary phosphorus was high and urinary calcium was low with a normal urinary pH. The mineral compositions of the feed and drinking water were similar on both farms and could therefore not explain the difference between the two farms. Disturbances in calcium and phosphorus absorption and homeostasis might have been involved in these problems. Further research should focus on the calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels in the feed and take into account other factors, such as the absorption and excretion of minerals due to gut and urinary microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Vrielinck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.J.J.); (I.C.)
- Veterinary Practice, Hospitaalstraat 38, 8906 Ieper-Elverdinge, Belgium
| | - Geert P. J. Janssens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.J.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.J.J.); (I.C.)
| | - An Cools
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.J.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.P.J.J.); (I.C.)
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9
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Zhang J, Mamet T, Guo Y, Li C, Yang J. Yak milk promotes renal calcium reabsorption in mice with osteoporosis via the regulation of TRPV5. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7396-7406. [PMID: 37641274 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-selective epithelial channel TRPV5 plays a significant role in renal calcium reabsorption and improving osteoporosis (OP). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of yak milk on osteoporosis mice in TRPV5-mediated Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney. We observed that treatment of OP mice with yak milk reconstructed bone homeostasis demonstrated by increasing the levels of OPG as well as decreasing the levels of TRAP and ALP in serum. Additionally, yak milk reduced the level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and elevated 1,25-(OH)2D3 and calcitonin (CT), and inhibited the excretion of Ca/Cr and Pi/Cr in OP mice, which explained by regulating hormone levels and thus enhance the renal Ca2+ reabsorption. Further analysis exhibited that yak milk upregulated the expression of TRPV5 protein and mRNA as well as calbindin-D28k in OP mice kidneys. Overall, these outcomes demonstrate that yak milk enhances renal Ca2+ reabsorption through the TRPV5 pathway synergistically with calbindin-D28k, thus ameliorating OP mice. This provides a new perspective for yak milk as a nutritional supplement to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Torkun Mamet
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jingru Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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10
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Wynne Z, Falat C. Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:833-848. [PMID: 37758427 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This review will discuss the importance and homeostasis of calcium and magnesium in the human body, as well as the implications and treatment of disordered calcium and magnesium. With calcium and magnesium often considered to be the "forgotten cations" in medicine, it is our hope that this review will lead providers to evaluate for and effectively manage these electrolyte disorders in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Wynne
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cheyenne Falat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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11
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Chmiel JA, Stuivenberg GA, Al KF, Akouris PP, Razvi H, Burton JP, Bjazevic J. Vitamins as regulators of calcium-containing kidney stones - new perspectives on the role of the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:615-637. [PMID: 37161031 PMCID: PMC10169205 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-based kidney stone disease is a highly prevalent and morbid condition, with an often complicated and multifactorial aetiology. An abundance of research on the role of specific vitamins (B6, C and D) in stone formation exists, but no consensus has been reached on how these vitamins influence stone disease. As a consequence of emerging research on the role of the gut microbiota in urolithiasis, previous notions on the contribution of these vitamins to urolithiasis are being reconsidered in the field, and investigation into previously overlooked vitamins (A, E and K) was expanded. Understanding how the microbiota influences host vitamin regulation could help to determine the role of vitamins in stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerrit A Stuivenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Polycronis P Akouris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bjazevic
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Abstract
Sequential expression of claudins, a family of tight junction proteins, along the nephron mirrors the sequential expression of ion channels and transporters. Only by the interplay of transcellular and paracellular transport can the kidney efficiently maintain electrolyte and water homeostasis in an organism. Although channel and transporter defects have long been known to perturb homeostasis, the contribution of individual tight junction proteins has been less clear. Over the past two decades, the regulation and dysregulation of claudins have been intensively studied in the gastrointestinal tract. Claudin expression patterns have, for instance, been found to be affected in infection and inflammation, or in cancer. In the kidney, a deeper understanding of the causes as well as the effects of claudin expression alterations is only just emerging. Little is known about hormonal control of the paracellular pathway along the nephron, effects of cytokines on renal claudin expression or relevance of changes in paracellular permeability to the outcome in any of the major kidney diseases. By summarizing current findings on the role of specific claudins in maintaining electrolyte and water homeostasis, this Review aims to stimulate investigations on claudins as prognostic markers or as druggable targets in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Meoli
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Walker D, Gardner MT, Dennis H, Voutchkov M. A simple assessment of the effect of strontium on the urinary excretion of calcium in Sprague Dawley rats. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:53. [PMID: 36930293 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the impact of varying concentrations of strontium (Sr) on calcium (Ca) excretion via the urine and determine its impact on kidney stone formation. Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 200 and 300 g were selected. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of five. One group was used as a control group while the other three groups were experimental. The diet of the rats was modulated over a 12 week period to investigate the impact of Sr on the urinary excretion of Ca. Urinary samples were collected every 2 weeks from the rats. The rats were fed water ad libitum. After the study the rats were euthanised and their kidneys harvested. Urine and kidney samples from the rats were analysed using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). In the urine excretion of Ca increased with increased intake of Sr in the diet. Sr excretion via the urine also increased with increased dietary intake. There was a correlation of 0.835 at the significance level of 0.01 between Ca and Sr in the urine. However, for the kidneys, the varying concentration of Sr did not impact the retention of Ca in the kidneys. There was increased retention of Sr in the kidneys with increased dietary intake. In this study an increase of Sr in the diet resulted in an increase in urinary excretion of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrion Walker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Michael T Gardner
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Haile Dennis
- International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Mitko Voutchkov
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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15
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Kriuchkova N, Breiderhoff T, Müller D, Yilmaz DE, Demirci H, Drewell H, Günzel D, Himmerkus N, Bleich M, Persson PB, Mutig K. Furosemide rescues hypercalciuria in familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis model. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13927. [PMID: 36606514 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Perturbed calcium homeostasis limits life expectancy in familial hypomagnesaemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC). This rare disease occurs by loss-of-function mutations in CLDN16 or CLDN19 genes, causing impaired paracellular reabsorption of divalent cations along the cortical thick ascending limb (cTAL). Only partial compensation takes place in the ensuing late distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct, where the luminal transient receptor potential channel V5 (TRPV5), as well as basolateral plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) and sodium-potassium exchanger (NCX1) mediate transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption. The loop diuretic furosemide induces compensatory activation in these distal segments. Normally, furosemide enhances urinary calcium excretion via inhibition of the aforementioned cTAL. As Ca2+ reabsorption in the cTAL is already severely impaired in FHHNC patients, furosemide may alleviate hypercalciuria in this disease by activation of the distal transcellular Ca2+ transport proteins. METHODS Cldn16-deficient mice (Cldn16-/- ) served as a FHHNC model. Wild-type (WT) and Cldn16-/- mice were treated with furosemide (7 days of 40 mg/kg bw) or vehicle. We assessed renal electrolyte handling (metabolic cages) and key divalent transport proteins. RESULTS Cldn16-/- mice show higher Ca2+ excretion than WT and compensatory stimulation of Cldn2, TRPV5, and NCX1 at baseline. Furosemide reduced hypercalciuria in Cldn16-/- mice and enhanced TRPV5 and PMCA levels in Cldn16-/- but not in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Furosemide significantly reduces hypercalciuria, likely via upregulation of luminal and basolateral Ca2+ transport systems in the distal nephron and collecting duct in this model for FHHNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kriuchkova
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Müller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Duygu Elif Yilmaz
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hasan Demirci
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hoora Drewell
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Division of Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pontus B Persson
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerim Mutig
- Department of Translational Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Englisch CN, Paulsen F, Tschernig T. TRPC Channels in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Renal Tubular System: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010181. [PMID: 36613622 PMCID: PMC9820145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has dramatically increased during the past few years. TRP channels function as sensors and effectors in the cellular adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we review literature investigating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPC channels in the renal tubular system with a focus on TRPC3 and TRPC6. TRPC3 plays a key role in Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the collecting duct. TRPC3 also conveys the osmosensitivity of principal cells of the collecting duct and is implicated in vasopressin-induced membrane translocation of AQP-2. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can often be attributed to mutations of the PKD2 gene. TRPC3 is supposed to have a detrimental role in ADPKD-like conditions. The tubule-specific physiological functions of TRPC6 have not yet been entirely elucidated. Its pathophysiological role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries is a subject of debate. However, TRPC6 seems to be involved in tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma. In summary, TRPC channels are relevant in multiples conditions of the renal tubular system. There is a need to further elucidate their pathophysiology to better understand certain renal disorders and ultimately create new therapeutic targets to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N. Englisch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626-100
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17
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Smeulders N, Cho A, Alshaiban A, Read K, Fagan A, Easty M, Minhas K, Barnacle A, Hayes W, Bockenhauer D. Shockwaves and the Rolling Stones: An Overview of Pediatric Stone Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 8:215-228. [PMID: 36815103 PMCID: PMC9939363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary stone disease is a common problem in adults, with an estimated 10% to 20% lifetime risk of developing a stone and an annual incidence of almost 1%. In contrast, in children, even though the incidence appears to be increasing, urinary tract stones are a rare problem, with an estimated incidence of approximately 5 to 36 per 100,000 children. Consequently, typical complications of rare diseases, such as delayed diagnosis, lack of awareness, and specialist knowledge, as well as difficulties accessing specific treatments also affect children with stone disease. Indeed, because stone disease is such a common problem in adults, frequently, it is adult practitioners who will first be asked to manage affected children. Yet, there are unique aspects to pediatric urolithiasis such that treatment practices common in adults cannot necessarily be transferred to children. Here, we review the epidemiology, etiology, presentation, investigation, and management of pediatric stone disease; we highlight those aspects that separate its management from that in adults and make a case for a specialized, multidisciplinary approach to pediatric stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Smeulders
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander Cho
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abdulelah Alshaiban
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharine Read
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aisling Fagan
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marina Easty
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kishore Minhas
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Barnacle
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wesley Hayes
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK,Correspondence: Detlef Bockenhauer, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Vrielinck J, Janssens GPJ, Chantziaras I, Cools A, Maes D. Effect of Feed Supplementation with Tripotassium Citrate or Sodium Chloride on the Development of Urinary Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Fattening Pigs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:614. [PMID: 36356091 PMCID: PMC9699466 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether dietary supplementation of tripotassium citrate or NaCl reduced the prevalence of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) uroliths in fattening pigs on a farm with a high prevalence of COD uroliths. Each group (control, TPC, NaCl) consisted of three batches of approximately 260 fattening pigs each. Performance, water intake, markers for bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (osteocalcin) and urinalysis from samples taken at the farm and in the slaughterhouse were investigated. Performance parameters, feed and water intake, CTX and osteocalcin were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). The main crystals found were struvite, COD, calcite and amorphous crystals. The prevalence of COD crystals was lower in samples from the slaughterhouse in each group. Microscopic and biochemical examination of urine showed large differences between samples from the farm and the slaughterhouse. In conclusion, there were no beneficial effects of feed supplementation with TPC or NaCl on the prevalence of COD crystals but TPC has a clear promoting influence on the development of alkaline calcite crystals. Urinalysis from samples taken at the slaughterhouse does not fully reflect the situation on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Vrielinck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Veterinary Practice, Hospitaalstraat 38, 8906 Ieper-Elverdinge, Belgium
| | | | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Cools
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Cabuzu D, Ramakrishnan SK, Moor MB, Harmacek D, Auberson M, Durussel F, Bonny O. Loss of Ecrg4 improves calcium oxalate nephropathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275972. [PMID: 36227903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone is one of the most frequent urinary tract diseases, affecting 10% of the population and displaying a high recurrence rate. Kidney stones are the result of salt supersaturation, including calcium and oxalate. We have previously identified Esophageal cancer-related gene 4 (Ecrg4) as being modulated by hypercalciuria. Ecrg4 was initially described as a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus. Lately, it was shown to be involved as well in apoptosis, cell senescence, cell migration, inflammation and cell responsiveness to chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, nothing is known about ECRG4's function in the renal tissue and its relationship with calciuria. We hypothesized that the increased expression of Ecrg4 mRNA is triggered by hypercalciuria and might modulate intratubular calcium-oxalate precipitation. In this study, we have first (i) validated the increased Ecrg4 mRNA in several types of hypercalciuric mouse models, then (ii) described the Ecrg4 mRNA expression along the nephron and (iii) assessed ECRG4's putative role in calcium oxalate nephropathy. For this, Ecrg4 KO mice were challenged with a kidney stone-inducing diet, rich in calcium and oxalate precursor. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Ecrg4's expression is restricted mainly to the distal part of the nephron and that the Ecrg4 KO mice develop less signs of tubular obstruction and less calcium-oxalate deposits. This promotes Ecrg4 as a modulator of renal crystallization and may open the way to new therapeutic possibilities against calcium oxalate nephropathy.
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20
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Liu J, Du Z, Li T, Xu Y, Lv J, Bai X, Xu Y, Li G. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D(3) on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Growing Blue Foxes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35883361 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the randomized design, a 3 × 3 factorial experiment was designed to examine the effects of dietary calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D3 (VD3) supplemental levels with a fixed 1.5/1 ratio of Ca to P on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical indices blue foxes’ growth. In total, 135 male blue foxes with the age of 60 days were randomly divided into 9 groups each with 15 blue foxes. The blue foxes belonging to the nine treatment groups were fed Ca supplementation (0%, 0.4%, or 0.8%) and VD3 supplementation (1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/kg DM). The base diet contained 0.8% Ca and 327 IU/kg VD3. The dosage of VD3 in blue foxes showed a significant impact on their growth performance (p < 0.05). The Ca dosage had a linear effect on the digestibility of the CP and carbohydrates (CHO) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that the Ca and VD3 doses showed promising effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing blue foxes and could reduce fecal N and P via improvement in protein and P utilization.
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21
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Yoon SH, Tang CC, Wein MN. Salt inducible kinases and PTH1R action. Vitam Horm 2022; 120:23-45. [PMID: 35953111 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone is a central regulator of calcium homeostasis. PTH protects the organism from hypocalcemia through its actions in bone and kidney. Recent physiologic studies have revealed key target genes for PTH receptor (PTH1R) signaling in these target organs. However, the complete signal transduction cascade used by PTH1R to accomplish these physiologic actions has remained poorly defined. Here we will review recent studies that have defined an important role for salt inducible kinases downstream of PTH1R in bone, cartilage, and kidney. PTH1R signaling inhibits the activity of salt inducible kinases. Therefore, direct SIK inhibitors represent a promising novel strategy to mimic PTH actions using small molecules. Moreover, a detailed understanding of the molecular circuitry used by PTH1R to exert its biologic effects will afford powerful new models to better understand the diverse actions of this important G protein coupled receptor in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheng-Chia Tang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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22
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Sateesh J, Guha K, Dutta A, Sengupta P, Yalamanchili D, Donepudi NS, Surya Manoj M, Sohail SS. A comprehensive review on advancements in tissue engineering and microfluidics toward kidney-on-chip. Biomicrofluidics 2022; 16:041501. [PMID: 35992641 PMCID: PMC9385224 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed literature survey on microfluidics and its road map toward kidney-on-chip technology. The whole review has been tailored with a clear description of crucial milestones in regenerative medicine, such as bioengineering, tissue engineering, microfluidics, microfluidic applications in biomedical engineering, capabilities of microfluidics in biomimetics, organ-on-chip, kidney-on-chip for disease modeling, drug toxicity, and implantable devices. This paper also presents future scope for research in the bio-microfluidics domain and biomimetics domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koushik Guha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Arindam Dutta
- Urologist, RG Stone Urology and Laparoscopic Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Nanda Sai Donepudi
- Medical Interns, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India
| | - M. Surya Manoj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
| | - Sk. Shahrukh Sohail
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National MEMS Design Centre, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India
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23
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Tayyeb A, Dihazi GH, Tampe B, Zeisberg M, Tampe D, Hakroush S, Bührig C, Frese J, Serin N, Eltoweissy M, Müller GA, Dihazi H. Calreticulin Shortage Results in Disturbance of Calcium Storage, Mitochondrial Disease, and Kidney Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081329. [PMID: 35456008 PMCID: PMC9025518 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Ca2+ reabsorption plays a central role in the fine-tuning of whole-body Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identified calreticulin (Calr) as a missing link in Ca2+ handling in the kidney and showed that a shortage of Calr results in mitochondrial disease and kidney pathogenesis. We demonstrated that Calr+/− mice displayed a chronic physiological low level of Calr and that this was associated with progressive renal injury manifested in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. We found that Calr+/− kidney cells suffer from a disturbance in functionally active calcium stores and decrease in Ca2+ storage capacity. Consequently, the kidney cells displayed an abnormal activation of Ca2+ signaling and NF-κB pathways, resulting in inflammation and wide progressive kidney injury. Interestingly, the disturbance in the Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling in Calr+/− kidney mice cells triggered severe mitochondrial disease and aberrant mitophagy, resulting in a high level of oxidative stress and energy shortage. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the role of Calr in kidney calcium handling, function, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan;
| | - Gry H. Dihazi
- UMG-Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Björn Tampe
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Desiree Tampe
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Samy Hakroush
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Charlotte Bührig
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Jenny Frese
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Health Safety, Deutsche Post AG, Kölnische Strasse 81, 34117 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Nazli Serin
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marwa Eltoweissy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt;
| | - Gerhard A. Müller
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Hassan Dihazi
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (B.T.); (M.Z.); (D.T.); (C.B.); (N.S.); (G.A.M.)
- Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3960350
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24
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Khattar V, Wang L, Peng JB. Calcium selective channel TRPV6: Structure, function, and implications in health and disease. Gene 2022; 817:146192. [PMID: 35031425 PMCID: PMC8950124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-selective channel TRPV6 (Transient Receptor Potential channel family, Vanilloid subfamily member 6) belongs to the TRP family of cation channels and plays critical roles in transcellular calcium (Ca2+) transport, reuptake of Ca2+ into cells, and maintaining a local low Ca2+ environment for certain biological processes. Recent crystal and cryo-electron microscopy-based structures of TRPV6 have revealed mechanistic insights on how the protein achieves Ca2+ selectivity, permeation, and inactivation by calmodulin. The TRPV6 protein is expressed in a range of epithelial tissues such as the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, and exocrine glands such as the pancreas, prostate and salivary, sweat, and mammary glands. The TRPV6 gene is a direct transcriptional target of the active form of vitamin D and is efficiently regulated to meet the body's need for Ca2+ demand. In addition, TRPV6 is also regulated by the level of dietary Ca2+ and under physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Genetic models of loss of function in TRPV6 display hypercalciuria, decreased bone marrow density, deficient weight gain, reduced fertility, and in some cases alopecia. The models also reveal that the channel plays an indispensable role in maintaining maternal-fetal Ca2+ transport and low Ca2+ environment in the epididymal lumen that is critical for male fertility. Most recently, loss of function mutations in TRPV6 gene is linked to transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism and early onset chronic pancreatitis. TRPV6 is overexpressed in a wide range of human malignancies and its upregulation is strongly correlated to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival in selected cancers. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the expression, structure, biophysical properties, function, polymorphisms, and regulation of TRPV6. The aberrant expression, polymorphisms, and dysfunction of this protein linked to human diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Khattar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Research and Training Center, Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is increasing. Kidney stone formation results from an imbalance of inhibitors and promoters of crystallization, and calcium-containing calculi account for over 80% of stones. In most patients, the underlying aetiology is thought to be multifactorial, with environmental, dietary, hormonal and genetic components. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has enabled a monogenic cause of kidney stones to be identified in up to 30% of children and 10% of adults who form stones, with ~35 different genes implicated. In addition, genome-wide association studies have implicated a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates and of inhibitors of crystallization in stone disease in the general population. Such findings will likely lead to the identification of additional treatment targets involving underlying enzymatic or protein defects, including but not limited to those that alter urinary biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David J Sas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Jo CH, Kim S, Kim GH. Claudins in kidney health and disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:275-287. [PMID: 35354245 PMCID: PMC9184838 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are strategically located to exert their physiologic actions along with the nephron segments from the glomerulus. Claudin-1 is normally located in the Bowman’s capsule, but its overexpression can reach the podocytes and lead to albuminuria. In the proximal tubule (PT), claudin-2 forms paracellular channels selective for water, Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Claudin-2 gene mutations are associated with hypercalciuria and kidney stones. Claudin-10 has two splice variants, -10a and -10b; Claudin-10a acts as an anion-selective channel in the PT, and claudin-10b functions as a cation-selective pore in the thick ascending limb (TAL). Claudin-16 and claudin-19 mediate paracellular transport of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the TAL, where the expression of claudin-3/16/19 and claudin-10b are mutually exclusive. The claudin-16 or -19 mutation causes familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Claudin-14 polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of hypercalciuria. Claudin-10b mutations produce HELIX syndrome, which encompasses hypohidrosis, electrolyte imbalance, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis, and xerostomia. Hypercalciuria and magnesuria in metabolic acidosis are related to downregulation of PT and TAL claudins. In the TAL, stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors upregulates claudin-14 and negatively acts on the claudin-16/19 complex. Claudin-3 acts as a general barrier to ions in the collecting duct. If this barrier is disturbed, urine acidification might be impaired. Claudin-7 forms a nonselective paracellular channel facilitating Cl– and Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Claudin-4 and -8 serve as anion channels and mediate paracellular Cl– transport; their upregulation may contribute to pseudohypoaldosteronism II and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor ho Jo
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Gheun-Ho Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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27
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Verlinden L, Carmeliet G. Integrated View on the Role of Vitamin D Actions on Bone and Growth Plate Homeostasis. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10577. [PMID: 34950832 PMCID: PMC8674772 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3, the biologically active form of vitamin D3, is a major regulator of mineral and bone homeostasis and exerts its actions through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor that can directly modulate gene expression in vitamin D‐target tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and bone. Inactivating VDR mutations or vitamin D deficiency during development results in rickets, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia, pointing to the critical role of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced signaling in the maintenance of mineral homeostasis and skeletal health. 1,25(OH)2D3 is a potent stimulator of VDR‐mediated intestinal calcium absorption, thus increasing the availability of calcium required for proper bone mineralization. However, when intestinal calcium absorption is impaired, renal calcium reabsorption is increased and calcium is mobilized from the bone to preserve normocalcemia. Multiple cell types within bone express the VDR, thereby allowing 1,25(OH)2D3 to directly affect bone homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss different transgenic mouse models with either Vdr deletion or overexpression in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, or osteoclasts to delineate the direct effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone homeostasis. We will address the bone cell type–specific effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in conditions of a positive calcium balance, where the amount of (re)absorbed calcium equals or exceeds fecal and renal calcium losses, as well as during a negative calcium balance, due to selective Vdr knockdown in the intestine or triggered by a low calcium diet. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Verlinden
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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28
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease, with fragility fractures representing its dreaded complications. The role of calcium and vitamin D supplementation needs to be addressed in the context of a heavy health burden, with a massive impact on individuals, healthcare systems, and societies as a whole. Calcium and vitamin D are often discussed together as interventions for promoting bone health. Still, it is essential to remember that they are quite distinct entities that play different roles in mineral metabolism. Insufficient calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency are common and widespread. Furthermore, a strong association between vitamin D deficiency and extra-skeletal outcomes has emerged over the last decades. When dietary intake is insufficient, with little room for improvement, several supplementation strategies have proved to be effective and safe. Adequate calcium intake and vitamin D serum levels should be pursued efficiently in the general population, and deficiency should be considered unacceptable in subsets particularly at risk. The aim of this narrative review was to present an overview of calcium and vitamin D intake and their supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Benini
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Adami
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Davide Gatti
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Fassio
- Unit of Rheumatology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy -
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29
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Abstract
Calcium plays a key role in skeletal mineralization and several intracellular and extracellular homeostatic networks. It is an essential element that is only available to the body through dietary sources. Daily acquisition of calcium depends, in addition to the actual intake, on the hormonally regulated state of calcium homeostasis through three main mechanisms: bone turnover, intestinal absorption, and renal reabsorption. These procedures are regulated by a group of interacting circulating hormones and their key receptors. This includes parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH-related peptide, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcitonin, fibroblast growth factor 23, the prevailing calcium concentration itself, the calcium-sensing receptor, as well as local processes in the bones, gut, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Matikainen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, PB 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Pekkarinen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, PB 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva M Ryhänen
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, PB 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, PB 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
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30
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Khan EA, Cheddani L, Saint-Jacques C, Vargas-Poussou R, Frochot V, Chieze R, Letavernier E, Avellino V, Lionnet F, Haymann JP. Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Homozygous Sickle Cell Patients: A Hemolysis-Mediated Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Phenotype? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215179. [PMID: 34768698 PMCID: PMC8584729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has been reported to have a higher prevalence in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, including a high rate of recurrence following surgery. However, most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, with surprisingly infrequent hypercalciuria, raising the issue of renal calcium handling in SCD patients. We conducted a retrospective study including (1) 64 hypercalcemic pHPT non-SCD patients; (2) 177 SCD patients, divided into two groups of 12 hypercalcemic pHPT and 165 non-pHPT; (3) eight patients with a diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Demographic and biological parameters at the time of diagnosis were collected and compared between the different groups. Determinants of fasting fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa2+) were also analyzed in non-pHPT SCD patients. Compared to non-SCD pHPT patients, our data show a similar ionized calcium and PTH concentration, with a lower plasmatic calcitriol concentration and a lower daily urinary calcium excretion in pHPT SCD patients (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Fasting FeCa2+ is also surprisingly low in pHPT SCD patients, and thus inadequate to be considered hypercalcemia, recalling the FHH phenotype. FeCa2+ is also low in the non-pHPT SCD control group, and negatively associated with PTH and hemolytic biomarkers such as LDH and low hemoglobin. Our data suggest that the pHPT biochemical phenotype in SCD patients resembles the FHH phenotype, and the fasting FeCa2+ association with chronic hemolysis biomarkers strengthens the view of a potential pharmacological link between hemolytic by-products and calcium reabsorption, potentially through a decreased calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmat Akhtar Khan
- Service de Néphrologie, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
| | - Lynda Cheddani
- Unité HTA, Prévention et Thérapeutique Cardiovasculaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, 75004 Paris, France;
- Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Camille Saint-Jacques
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l’Enfant et de l’Adulte, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Frochot
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Remi Chieze
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Avellino
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (V.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Francois Lionnet
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence de la Drépanocytose, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (V.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France; (C.S.-J.); (V.F.); (R.C.); (E.L.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S 1155, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5601-6771; Fax: +33-1-5601-7003
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31
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Chen B, Wei J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Xia B, Liu Y, Dai X, Ye Z, Tian Y, Li R, Zhao D, Mo F, Orekhov AN, Gao S, Brὃmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi aqueous extract promotes calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids production in ovariectomized rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114348. [PMID: 34153448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is an edible herb with anti-osteoporotic activity, yet whether and how the aqueous extract of this herb affect calcium metabolism in preservation of bone quality remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of FLL aqueous extract on calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS OVX rats were daily and orally administrated with FLL aqueous extract (3.5 g/kg) for 14 weeks. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I) in rat serum were evaluated by ELISA assays. The concentration of calcium in serum, urine, and feces were determined by biochemical assays. Bone quality was determined by Micro-CT, a three-point bending assay, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry. The expressions of Calbindin D28K and Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in kidney as well as the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6), Calbindin D9k in the duodenum were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or real-time PCR. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the feces of the cecum were tested by gas chromatograghy. RESULTS The administration of FLL to OVX rats resulted in a significant improvement in bone mineral density and biomechanical strength as well as in maintaining bone microstructures and material quality. Meanwhile, the decreased levels of PINP and increased levels of CTx-I in OVX rats were restored by FLL treatment. Additionally, FLL treatment increased calcium absorption, upregulated VDR, TRPV6, Calbindin D9k expressions in the duodenum, Calbindin D28K in kidney, and down-regulated CaSR expression in the kidney, as well as enhanced SCFAs levels in the feces of OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS FLL aqueous extract may preserve bone quality through regulation of the calcium balance and intestinal SCFAs production in OVX rats. This offers translational value of FLL into osteoporosis clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy Sciences of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bingke Xia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dieter Brὃmme
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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32
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Irsik DL, Bollag WB, Isales CM. Renal Contributions to Age-Related Changes in Mineral Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10517. [PMID: 34693188 PMCID: PMC8520061 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a general decline in function in most systems. This is particularly true with respect to the skeleton and renal systems, impacting mineral homeostasis. Calcium and phosphate regulation requires tight coordination among the intestine, bone, parathyroid gland, and kidney. The role of the intestine is to absorb calcium and phosphate from the diet. The bone stores or releases calcium and phosphate depending on the body's needs. In response to low plasma ionized calcium concentration, the parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone, which modulates bone turnover. The kidney reabsorbs or excretes the minerals and serves as the final regulator of plasma concentration. Many hormones are involved in this process in addition to parathyroid hormone, including fibroblast growth factor 23 produced by the bone and calcitriol synthesized by the kidney. Sclerostin, calcitonin, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand also contribute to tissue‐specific regulation. Changes in the function of organs due to aging or disease can perturb this balance. During aging, the intestine cannot absorb calcium efficiently due to decreased expression of key proteins. In the bone, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption tends toward the latter in older individuals. The kidney may not filter blood as efficiently in the later decades of life, and the expression of certain proteins necessary for mineral homeostasis declines with age. These changes often lead to dysregulation of organismal mineral homeostasis. This review will focus on how mineral homeostasis is impacted by aging with a particular emphasis on the kidney's role in this process. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Irsik
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta GA USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta GA USA.,Department of Physiology Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA
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33
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Lee JJ, Alzamil J, Rehman S, Pan W, Dimke H, Alexander RT. Activation of the calcium sensing receptor increases claudin-14 expression via a PLC -p38-Sp1 pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21982. [PMID: 34694654 PMCID: PMC9297942 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002137rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the basolateral calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the renal tubular thick ascending limb (TAL) increases claudin‐14 expression, which reduces paracellular calcium (Ca2+) permeability, thus increasing urinary Ca2+ excretion. However, the upstream signaling pathway contributing to altered CLDN14 gene expression is unknown. To delineate this pathway, we identified and then cloned the CaSR responsive region including the promoter of mouse Cldn14 into a luciferase reporter vector. This 1500 bp sequence upstream of the 5′ UTR of Cldn14 variant 1, conferred increased reporter activity in the presence of high extracellular Ca2+ (5 mM) relative to a lower (0.5 mM) concentration. Assessment of Cldn14 reporter activity in response to increased extracellular Ca2+ in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors confirmed signaling through PLC and p38, but not JNK. Overexpression of SP1 attenuated Cldn14 reporter activity in response to CasR signaling. SP1 is expressed in the TAL and phosphorylation was attenuated by CaSR signaling. Finally, activating mutations in the CaSR increased Cldn14 reporter activity while a dominant negative mutation in the CaSR inhibited it. Together, these studies suggest that basolateral activation of the CASR leads to increased Cldn14 expression via a PLC‐ stimulated p38 pathway that prevents Sp1 mediated repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,The Women's & Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jawad Alzamil
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saba Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wanling Pan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,The Women's & Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Abstract
Serum calcium is routinely screened, but rarely scrutinized in the context of normal, physiologic functioning. This brief review strives to explore the implications of serum calcium, suggests guidelines for its interpretation, and discusses the implications of high, low, and “normocalcemia” in the clinical setting. We find that serum Ca2+ concentrations are a valuable prognostic indicator in routine metabolic workups and advocate for greater attention, on behalf of the provider, to variations in a patient’s calcemic status. Variations in calcemic status are primarily tied to malignancy, impaired parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, defects in vitamin D synthesis, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) fluctuation, genetic syndromes (DiGeorge syndrome) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutation. Prognostic implications for high and low serum Ca2+ include, but are not limited to, increased thromboembolic and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk, cardiac remodeling, hypertension, cognitive decline, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hands
- South Bay Institute of Clinical Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence S Moy
- South Bay Institute of Clinical Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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35
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Goldin LADM, Silva LN, Silva TFD, Delfino VDA. Polymyxin Acute Kidney Injury: a case of severe tubulopathy. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 44:112-115. [PMID: 33891671 PMCID: PMC8943871 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are antibiotics developed in the 1950s. Polymyxin-induced neurotoxicity has been often described in medical literature. The same cannot be said of nephrotoxicity or tubulopathy in particular. This report describes the case of a patient prescribed polymyxin B to treat a surgical wound infection, which led to significant increases in fractional excretion of calcium, magnesium, and potassium and subsequent persistent decreases in the levels of these ions, with serious consequences for the patient. Severe hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia may occur during treatment with polymyxin. Calcium, magnesium and potassium serum levels must be monitored during treatment to prevent life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vinicius Daher Alvares Delfino
- Hospital Evangélico de Londrina, Departamento de Nefrologia, Londrina, PR, Brasil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Departamento de Nefrologia, Londrina, PR, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Nefrologia, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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36
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Takvam M, Wood CM, Kryvi H, Nilsen TO. Ion Transporters and Osmoregulation in the Kidney of Teleost Fishes as a Function of Salinity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:664588. [PMID: 33967835 PMCID: PMC8098666 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.664588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline teleosts exhibit major changes in renal function as they move between freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments, thus tolerating large fluctuations in salinity. In FW, the kidney excretes large volumes of water through high glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and low tubular reabsorption rates, while actively reabsorbing most ions at high rates. The excreted product has a high urine flow rate (UFR) with a dilute composition. In SW, GFR is greatly reduced, and the tubules reabsorb as much water as possible, while actively secreting divalent ions. The excreted product has a low UFR, and is almost isosmotic to the blood plasma, with Mg2+, SO42–, and Cl– as the major ionic components. Early studies at the organismal level have described these basic patterns, while in the last two decades, studies of regulation at the cell and molecular level have been implemented, though only in a few euryhaline groups (salmonids, eels, tilapias, and fugus). There have been few studies combining the two approaches. The aim of the review is to integrate known aspects of renal physiology (reabsorption and secretion) with more recent advances in molecular water and solute physiology (gene and protein function of transporters). The renal transporters addressed include the subunits of the Na+, K+- ATPase (NKA) enzyme, monovalent ion transporters for Na+, Cl–, and K+ (NKCC1, NKCC2, CLC-K, NCC, ROMK2), water transport pathways [aquaporins (AQP), claudins (CLDN)], and divalent ion transporters for SO42–, Mg2+, and Ca2+ (SLC26A6, SLC26A1, SLC13A1, SLC41A1, CNNM2, CNNM3, NCX1, NCX2, PMCA). For each transport category, we address the current understanding at the molecular level, try to synthesize it with classical knowledge of overall renal function, and highlight knowledge gaps. Future research on the kidney of euryhaline fishes should focus on integrating changes in kidney reabsorption and secretion of ions with changes in transporter function at the cellular and molecular level (gene and protein verification) in different regions of the nephrons. An increased focus on the kidney individually and its functional integration with the other osmoregulatory organs (gills, skin and intestine) in maintaining overall homeostasis will have applied relevance for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Takvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harald Kryvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom O Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE Environment, Bergen, Norway
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37
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Liu CJ, Cheng CW, Tsai YS, Huang HS. Crosstalk between Renal and Vascular Calcium Signaling: The Link between Nephrolithiasis and Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073590. [PMID: 33808324 PMCID: PMC8036726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important mediator of multicellular homeostasis and is involved in several diseases. The interplay among the kidney, bone, intestine, and parathyroid gland in Ca2+ homeostasis is strictly modulated by numerous hormones and signaling pathways. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein–coupled receptor, that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid gland and the kidney, plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ regulation. CaSR is important for renal Ca2+, as a mutation in this receptor leads to hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. In addition, CaSR is also widely expressed in the vascular system, including vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and participates in the process of vascular calcification. Aberrant Ca2+ sensing by the kidney and VSMCs, owing to altered CaSR expression or function, is associated with the formation of nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification. Based on emerging epidemiological evidence, patients with nephrolithiasis have a higher risk of vascular calcification, but the exact mechanism linking the two conditions is unclear. However, a dysregulation in Ca2+ homeostasis and dysfunction in CaSR might be the connection between the two. This review summarizes renal calcium handling and calcium signaling in the vascular system, with a special focus on the link between nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan;
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shiang Huang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5251); Fax: +886-6-2766179
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Oh IH, Jo CH, Kim S, Jo S, Chung S, Kim GH. Thick ascending limb claudins are altered to increase calciuria and magnesiuria in metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F418-F428. [PMID: 33522409 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00282.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary calcium and magnesium wasting is a characteristic feature of metabolic acidosis, and this study focused on the role of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in metabolic acidosis-induced hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria because thick ascending limb is an important site of paracellular calcium and magnesium reabsorption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the effects of acid loading (by adding NH4Cl, 7.2 mmol/220 g body wt/day to food slurry for 7 days) on renal expression of claudins and then to evaluate whether the results were reversed by antagonizing calcium-sensing receptor (using NPS-2143). At the end of each animal experiment, the kidneys were harvested for immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of claudins and the calcium-sensing receptor. As expected, NH4Cl loading lowered urinary pH and increased excretion of urinary calcium and magnesium. In NH4Cl-loaded rats, renal protein and mRNA expression of claudin-16, and claudin-19, were decreased compared with controls. However, claudin-14 protein and mRNA increased in NH4Cl-loaded rats. Consistently, the calcium-sensing receptor protein and mRNA were up-regulated in NH4Cl-loaded rats. All these changes were reversed by NPS-2143 coadministration and were confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy. Hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria in NH4Cl-loaded rats were significantly ameliorated by NPS-2143 coadministration as well. We conclude that in metabolic acidosis, claudin-16 and claudin-19 in the thick ascending limb are down-regulated to produce hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria via the calcium-sensing receptor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop is involved in the mechanisms of hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria in metabolic acidosis. Specifically, expression of claudin-16/19 and claudin-14 was altered via up-regulation of calcium-sensing receptor in NH4Cl-induced metabolic acidosis. Our novel findings contribute to understanding the regulatory role of paracellular tight junction proteins in the thick ascending limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chor Ho Jo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Calcium is responsible for the effectiveness of various processes, and its supply in the diet is necessary for the normal function of the human body. Apart from being an important component of the skeleton, calcium also helps maintain the structure of cell organelles and regulates intracellular and extracellular fluid homeostasis. This review presents the nutritional and health factors that affect the bioavailability of calcium. Physiological conditions and factors such as pregnancy, infancy, menopause, old age, hormones, growth factors associated with calcium metabolism, diseases limiting its absorption, and intestinal microbiota are distinguished among endogenous factors. Although the calcium supply in the body is genetically conditioned and specific to each person, its qualitative and quantitative composition can be modified by external factors. The exogenous factors include dietary modifications with particular nutrients and pharmacological treatment. Adequate calcium levels increase bone protection and prevent osteoporosis, a disease involving low mineral bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wawrzyniak
- N. Wawrzyniak and J. Suliburska are with the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- N. Wawrzyniak and J. Suliburska are with the Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food and Nutrition Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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40
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San J, Zhang Z, Bu S, Zhang M, Hu J, Yang J, Wu G. Changes in duodenal and nephritic Ca and P absorption in hens during different egg-laying periods. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06081. [PMID: 33553751 PMCID: PMC7848656 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca and P metabolic disorders during the egg-laying period can reduce egg production, impair eggshell quality, and even cause bone problems in hens; however, little is known regarding the capacity of duodenal and nephritic Ca and P absorption. Here, the levels of serum Ca and P metabolic indices and the expression of duodenal and renal Ca and P transporter genes were measured in hens at different egg-laying stages. The Ca, 25-(OH)-VD3, and 1,25-(OH)2-VD3 content increased during the peak (43 weeks of age) and late (72 weeks of age) egg-laying periods compared to that during the early (23 weeks of age) egg-laying period; however, there were no differences in Pi levels among the three egg-laying periods. Moreover, duodenal VDR and CaBP-D28k mRNA expression was markedly higher but NPt2b mRNA expression was markedly lower during the peak and late egg-laying periods than during the early egg-laying period. Furthermore, nephritic CaBP-D28k, PMCA1b, and FGFR1 mRNA expression was markedly higher but NPt2a and Cyp24a1 mRNA expression was markedly lower during the peak and late egg-laying periods than during the early egg-laying period. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the increased duodenal and nephritic Ca absorption during the peak and late egg-laying periods may be associated with the VD-VDR pathway, while the decreased P absorption despite relatively stable serum P levels in all three egg-laying stages may associated with osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuyang Bu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
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41
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Marneros AG. Magnesium and Calcium Homeostasis Depend on KCTD1 Function in the Distal Nephron. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108616. [PMID: 33440155 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis depends on active transcellular Mg2+ reuptake from urine in distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) via the Mg2+ channel TRPM6, whose activity has been proposed to be regulated by EGF. Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis depends on paracellular reabsorption in the thick ascending limbs of Henle (TALs). KCTD1 promotes terminal differentiation of TALs/DCTs, but how its deficiency affects urinary Mg2+ and Ca2+ reabsorption is unknown. Here, this study shows that DCT1-specific KCTD1 inactivation leads to hypomagnesemia despite normal TRPM6 levels because of reduced levels of the sodium chloride co-transporter NCC, whereas Mg2+ homeostasis does not depend on EGF. Moreover, KCTD1 deficiency impairs paracellular urinary Ca2+ and Mg2+ reabsorption in TALs because of reduced NKCC2/claudin-16/-19 and increased claudin-14 expression, leading to hypocalcemia and consequently to secondary hyperparathyroidism and progressive metabolic bone disease. Thus, KCTD1 regulates urinary reabsorption of Mg2+ and Ca2+ by inducing expression of NCC in DCTs and NKCC2/claudin-16/-19 in TALs.
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42
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Chacar FC, Kogika MM, Zafalon RVA, Brunetto MA. Vitamin D Metabolism and Its Role in Mineral and Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease in Humans, Dogs and Cats. Metabolites 2020; 10:E499. [PMID: 33291777 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some differences regarding Vitamin D metabolism are described in dogs and cats in comparison with humans, which may be explained by an evolutionary drive among these species. Similarly, vitamin D is one of the most important regulators of mineral metabolism in dogs and cats, as well as in humans. Mineral metabolism is intrinsically related to bone metabolism, thus disturbances in vitamin D have been implicated in the development of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) in people, in addition to dogs and cats. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (RSHPT), which is the most common mineral disorder in later stages of CKD in dogs and cats. Herein, we review the peculiarities of vitamin D metabolism in these species in comparison with humans, and the role of vitamin D disturbances in the development of CKD-MBD among dogs, cats, and people. Comparative studies may offer some evidence to help further research about vitamin D metabolism and bone disorders in CKD.
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Gloux A, Le Roy N, Même N, Piketty ML, Prié D, Benzoni G, Gautron J, Nys Y, Narcy A, Duclos MJ. Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 is the signature of a deteriorated Ca/P balance in ageing laying hens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21124. [PMID: 33273568 PMCID: PMC7713066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study concerned the effect of ageing in laying hens, from 23 to 90 weeks of age, on the regulation of Ca metabolism related to the requirement for eggshell mineralization. Samples were collected from parathyroid gland (PG), liver, jejunum, medullary bone (MB) and kidney for a quantitative study of candidate gene expression. Although parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene expression in the PG did not vary with age, a stronger challenge to Ca homeostasis was suggested in aged hens. Indeed gene expression of Ca transporters , Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in the jejunum, and that of transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 5 (TRPV5) in the kidney decreased. This could exacerbate bone resorption and impair bone accretion, as attested by a higher expression of the Carbonic Anhydrase 2 (CA2) gene and a lower expression of collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) in the MB. The increased expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in the MB likely contributed to the decreased plasma levels of 1.25(OH)2D3 and the altered expression of target genes under its regulation. Our data highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteoporotic syndrome previously documented in aged laying hens, thus providing new perspectives for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gloux
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Le Roy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Même
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - M L Piketty
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Prié
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - G Benzoni
- ADM Animal Nutrition, Talhouët, 56250, Saint-Nolff, France
| | - J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - A Narcy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - M J Duclos
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Schotanus MD, Van Otterloo E. Finding MEMO-Emerging Evidence for MEMO1's Function in Development and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1316. [PMID: 33172038 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although conserved throughout animal kingdoms, the protein encoded by the gene Mediator of ERBB2 Driven Cell Motility 1 or MEMO1, has only recently come into focus. True to its namesake, MEMO1 first emerged from a proteomic screen of molecules bound to the ERBB2 receptor and was found to be necessary for efficient cell migration upon receptor activation. While initially placed within the context of breast cancer metastasis—a pathological state that has provided tremendous insight into MEMO1′s cellular roles—MEMO1′s function has since expanded to encompass additional cancer cell types, developmental processes during embryogenesis and homeostatic regulation of adult organ systems. Owing to MEMO1′s deep conservation, a variety of model organisms have been amenable to uncovering biological facets of this multipurpose protein; facets ranging from the cellular (e.g., receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, redox flux) to the organismal (e.g., mineralization and mineral homeostasis, neuro/gliogenesis, vasculogenesis) level. Although these facets emerge at the intersection of numerous biological and human disease processes, how and if they are interconnected remains to be resolved. Here, we review our current understanding of this ‘enigmatic’ molecule, its role in development and disease and open questions emerging from these previous studies.
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45
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Bamberg K, William-Olsson L, Johansson U, Arner A, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Sällström J. Electrolyte handling in the isolated perfused rat kidney: demonstration of vasopressin V2-receptor-dependent calcium reabsorption. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:274-280. [PMID: 32812807 PMCID: PMC7594766 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1804496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most profound effect of vasopressin on the kidney is to increase water reabsorption through V2-receptor (V2R) stimulation, but there are also data suggesting effects on calcium transport. To address this issue, we have established an isolated perfused kidney model with accurate pressure control, to directly study the effects of V2R stimulation on kidney function, isolated from systemic effects. METHODS The role of V2R in renal calcium handling was studied in isolated rat kidneys using a new pressure control system that uses a calibration curve to compensate for the internal pressure drop up to the tip of the perfusion cannula. RESULTS Kidneys subjected to V2R stimulation using desmopressin (DDAVP) displayed stable osmolality and calcium reabsorption throughout the experiment, whereas kidneys not administered DDAVP exhibited a simultaneous fall in urine osmolality and calcium reabsorption. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibition using amiloride resulted in a marked increase in potassium reabsorption along with decreased sodium reabsorption. CONCLUSIONS A stable isolated perfused kidney model with computer-controlled pressure regulation was developed, which retained key physiological functions. The preparation responds to pharmacological inhibition of ENaC channels and activation of V2R. Using the model, the dynamic effects of V2R stimulation on calcium handling and urine osmolality could be visualised. The study thereby provides evidence for a stimulatory role of V2R in renal calcium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister Bamberg
- Translational Sciences and Experimental Medicines, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena William-Olsson
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Judith Hartleib-Geschwindner
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Sällström
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CONTACT Johan Sällström Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23Uppsala, Sweden
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Khalil R, Simitsidellis I, Kim NR, Jardi F, Schollaert D, Deboel L, Saunders P, Carmeliet G, Claessens F, Vanderschueren D, Decallonne B. Androgen action on renal calcium and phosphate handling: Effects of bisphosphonate treatment and low calcium diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110891. [PMID: 32533994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Renal calcium and phosphate handling is an important contributor to mineral homeostasis and bone health and the androgen receptor (AR) is highly expressed in the kidney. We investigated the short term effects of androgen deprivation on renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption, independent of their effects on bone. Two weeks following orchidectomy (ORX) of adult mice, bone loss occurred along with hypercalciuria, which was similarly prevented by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone supplementation. Treatment with bisphosphonates prior to ORX also inhibited hypercalciuria, indicating that the calcium flux originated from the bone. Renal calcium and phosphate transporter expression was increased post-ORX, independent of bisphosphonates. Furthermore, androgen deprivation appeared to stimulate local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3. When bisphosphonate-treated mice were fed a low calcium diet, bone resorption was no longer blocked and secondary hyperparathyroidism developed, which was more pronounced in ORX mice than sham-operated mice. In conclusion, this study shows that androgen deprivation increased renal calcium and phosphate transporter expression, independent of bone, and underlines the importance of adequate intestinal calcium supply in circumstances of androgen deprivation and bisphosphonate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rougin Khalil
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Simitsidellis
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Na Ri Kim
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Schollaert
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Deboel
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippa Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Gloux A, Le Roy N, Ezagal J, Même N, Hennequet-Antier C, Piketty ML, Prié D, Benzoni G, Gautron J, Nys Y, Narcy A, Duclos MJ. Possible roles of parathyroid hormone, 1.25(OH) 2D 3, and fibroblast growth factor 23 on genes controlling calcium metabolism across different tissues of the laying hen. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106407. [PMID: 32006872 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study provides an integrative description of candidate gene expression across tissues involved in calcium (Ca) metabolism during the egg laying cycle, using the well-defined model of Ca supply as fine or coarse particles of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Plasma and tissue samples were collected from hens at the peak of laying at 0 to 1, 9 to 10, and 18 to 19 h postovulation (PO). After mRNA preparation from the parathyroid gland, medullary bone, liver, kidney, duodenum, and jejunum, gene expressions were quantified using RT-qPCR. The highest levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) mRNA in the parathyroid gland (P < 0.05), and of the active form of vitamin D3 1.25(OH)2D3 in the plasma (P < 0.01) were observed at 18 to 19 h PO. During this active phase of eggshell formation, bone resorption was attested to high levels of plasma inorganic phosphorus (iP) and the receptor activation of nuclear factor-κB expression in the bone (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). At this stage, 5 genes of the transcellular and the paracellular Ca absorption pathways in the intestine (P < 0.05) and the Ca channel transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 (P < 0.05), involved in its reabsorption in the kidney, were overexpressed. At 0 to 1 h PO during the subsequent daylight period, 2 candidates of the transcellular and the paracellular Ca pathways (P < 0.05) remained at high levels in the intestine, while calbindin D 28K expression was the highest in the kidney (P < 0.05). As PTH mRNA and 1.25(OH)2D3 were low, bone accretion was likely active at this stage. The phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was overexpressed at 18 to 19 h PO (P < 0.05) in the bone when plasma iP was high, which suggested a role in the subsequent reduction of P reabsorption in the kidney, as attested to the decreased expression of P cotransporters, leading to iP clearance from the plasma at 0 to 1 h PO (P < 0.05). The low levels of 1.25(OH)2D3 at this stage coincided with increased expression of the 24-hydroxylase gene in the kidney (P < 0.05). In hens fed fine particles of CaCO3, higher plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and higher expression of several genes involved in bone turnover reflected a stronger challenge to Ca homeostasis. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that FGF23 could drive vitamin D metabolism in the laying hen, as previously documented in other species and explain the tight link between P and Ca metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gloux
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - N Le Roy
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - J Ezagal
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - N Même
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - M L Piketty
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - D Prié
- Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, G.H. Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U11513, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - G Benzoni
- Neovia, Route de Talhouët, 56250 Saint-Nolff, France
| | - J Gautron
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - A Narcy
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M J Duclos
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Moor MB, Bonny O. Memo1 gene expression in kidney and bone is unaffected by dietary mineral load and calciotropic hormones. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14410. [PMID: 32291966 PMCID: PMC7156332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator of cell motility 1 (MEMO1) is a ubiquitously expressed modulator of cellular responses to growth factors including FGF23 signaling, and Memo1-deficient mice share some phenotypic traits with Fgf23- or Klotho-deficient mouse models. Here, we tested whether Memo1 gene expression is regulated by calciotropic hormones or by changing the dietary mineral load. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells were cultured and treated with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 . Wild-type C57BL/6N mice underwent treatments with 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 , parathyroid hormone, 17β-estradiol or vehicle. Other cohorts of C57BL/6N mice were fed diets varying in calcium or phosphate content. Expression of Memo1 and control genes was assessed by qPCR. 1,25(OH)2 -vitamin D3 caused an acute decrease in Memo1 transcript levels in vitro, but not in vivo. None of the hormones tested had an influence on Memo1 transcripts, whereas the assessed control genes reacted the expected way. Dietary interventions with calcium and phosphate did not affect Memo1 transcripts but altered the chosen control genes' expression. We observed that Memo1 was not regulated by calciotropic hormones or change in mineral load, suggesting major differences between the regulation and physiological roles of Klotho, Fgf23, and Memo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B. Moor
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Nephrology and HypertensionBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- The National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Kidney.CH ‐ Kidney Control of Homeostasis" SwitzerlandZürichSwitzerland
- Service of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
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Chien HJ, Xue YT, Chen HC, Wu KY, Lai CC. Proteomic analysis of rat kidney under maleic acid treatment by SWATH-MS technology. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8633. [PMID: 31677360 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Maleic acid is an industrial-grade chemical that is often used in adhesives, stabilizers, and preservatives. It is unknown whether long-term consumption of maleic acid modified starch is harmful to humans. However, many studies have indicated that maleic acid causes renal tubular damage in animal models, even as the associated pathways remain unclear. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) is the most innovative of the label-free quantitative technologies which have better quantification performance. Therefore, SWATH technology was used to investigate the effect of maleic acid on the rat kidney proteome in this study. METHODS Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 6 mg/kg (low-dose), 10 mg/kg (medium-dose), and 60 mg/kg (high-dose) of maleic acid. After kidney protein extraction, 28% SDS-PAGE was used, followed by in-gel digestion and desalting. Next, the samples were analyzed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS), and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and SWATH technology were also used. The gene ontology and pathway analysis were accomplished. Ultimately, these protein biomarkers were validated by using scheduled high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (sMRMHR ). RESULTS Comparisons of the control group with the other three groups revealed that 95, 130, and 103 proteins were expressed at significantly different levels in the control group and in the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups, respectively. According to the gene ontology analysis, the major processes that these proteins were involved in were metabolic processes, biological regulation, cellular processes, and responses to stimuli; the major functions that these proteins were involved in were binding, hydrolase activity, catalytic activity, and oxidoreductase activity; and the major cellular components hat they were involved in were the cytoplasm, extracellular region, membrane, and mitochondria. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, these proteins were involved in 35 pathways, five of which, the carbohydrate metabolism, folate biosynthesis, renal tubular resorption, amino acid metabolism, and Ras signaling pathways, are discussed in this study. Ultimately, 19 proteins involved in 12 important pathways were validated by sMRMHR . CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that maleic acid caused insufficient energy production, which might lead to a decrease in the activity of the sodium-potassium ATP pump and hydrogen ion ATP pump, which could in turn have caused renal tubular resorption and hydrogen ion regulation to be blocked, thus leading to the accumulation of hydrogen ions in the renal tubules, which would then result in renal tubular acidification followed finally by Fanconi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ju Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Xue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chang Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yuh Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, ShiuJou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
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Dickson FJ, Sayer JA. Nephrocalcinosis: A Review of Monogenic Causes and Insights They Provide into This Heterogeneous Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E369. [PMID: 31935940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal deposition of calcium within renal parenchyma, termed nephrocalcinosis, frequently occurs as a result of impaired renal calcium handling. It is closely associated with renal stone formation (nephrolithiasis) as elevated urinary calcium levels (hypercalciuria) are a key common pathological feature underlying these clinical presentations. Although monogenic causes of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are rare, they account for a significant disease burden with many patients developing chronic or end-stage renal disease. Identifying underlying genetic mutations in hereditary cases of nephrocalcinosis has provided valuable insights into renal tubulopathies that include hypercalciuria within their varied phenotypes. Genotypes affecting other enzyme pathways, including vitamin D metabolism and hepatic glyoxylate metabolism, are also associated with nephrocalcinosis. As the availability of genetic testing becomes widespread, we cannot be imprecise in our approach to nephrocalcinosis. Monogenic causes of nephrocalcinosis account for a broad range of phenotypes. In cases such as Dent disease, supportive therapies are limited, and early renal replacement therapies are necessitated. In cases such as renal tubular acidosis, a good renal prognosis can be expected providing effective treatment is implemented. It is imperative we adopt a precision-medicine approach to ensure patients and their families receive prompt diagnosis, effective, tailored treatment and accurate prognostic information.
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