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Liu Y, Huang Z, Qiu H, Tang F, Liu F, Zhang Y, Wang S. The association between serum methylmalonic acid, cobalamin-related biomarkers, and long-term mortality risk in cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1122-1132. [PMID: 38702109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), a marker of cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency, has been linked to cancer progression. However, the impact of MMA or cobalamin on mortality risk in cancer survivors remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between MMA, serum, dietary, and supplement of cobalamin, MMA metabolism-related genes, and poor prognosis in adult cancer survivors. METHODS We analyzed data from 1988 cancer survivors aged ≥20 y. Patients were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and followed up until December 31, 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risk assessment. Genomic analysis identified MMA metabolism-related genes linked to early death in a 33-cancer-type cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Among 1988 participants, 872 deaths occurred over a 10-year follow-up. Higher serum MMA levels were significantly linked to increased long-term mortality risk (tertile 3 compared with tertile 1: adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.70; P-trend < 0.001). No associations were found between serum, dietary, and supplement of cobalamin and cancer survivor mortality (each P-trend > 0.143). However, MMA-associated mortality was notable in patients without deficiency. When combining cobalamin and MMA categories, multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.60, 2.65) in participants with >250 nmol/L and cobalamin >295.1 pmol/L compared with those with MMA ≤250 nmol/L and cobalamin >295.1 pmol/L. Moreover, reduced transcriptional levels of MMA metabolism-related genes, indicating decreased mitochondrial MMA metabolism capability, are linked to an unfavorable prognosis in certain cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Serum MMA was associated with long-term mortality risk in adult cancer survivors, which was more significant among individuals with higher levels of serum cobalamin. These findings suggest that mortality related to MMA was attributed to the insufficient flux of MMA metabolism, not cobalamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Mouhoub‐Terrab R, Chibane AA, Khelil M. No association between MTHFR gene C677T/A1298C polymorphisms, serum folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine levels, and prostate cancer in an Algerian population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2194. [PMID: 37182212 PMCID: PMC10496034 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism, which are necessary for DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. Genetic polymorphisms that reduce MTHFR activity have been linked to several diseases, including prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MTHFR polymorphisms, along with serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine, are associated with prostate cancer risk in the Algerian population. METHODS A total of 106 Algerian men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 125 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR/RFLP and Real-Time PCR TaqMan® assays, respectively. Serum levels of folate, total homocysteine, and vitamin B12 were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. RESULTS We found no significant differences in the genotype frequency of A1298C and C677T between prostate cancer patients and controls. Moreover, serum levels of folate, total homocysteine, and vitamin B12 were not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (p > 0.05). However, age and family history were identified as significant risk factors (OR = 1.178, p = 0.00 and OR = 10.03, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that MTHFR C677T and A1298C, as well as serum levels of folate, total homocysteine, and vitamin B12, are not associated with prostate cancer risk in the Algerian population. However, age and family history are significant risk factors. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Mouhoub‐Terrab
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari BoumedieneAlgerAlgeria
| | - Abdel Aziz Chibane
- Service UrologieCentre Hospitalo‐Universitaire Mustapha BachaAlgerAlgeria
| | - Malika Khelil
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari BoumedieneAlgerAlgeria
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Piorino F, Johnson S, Styczynski MP. A Cell-Free Biosensor for Assessment of Hyperhomocysteinemia. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2487-2492. [PMID: 37459448 PMCID: PMC10443029 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia─a condition characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood─is associated with multiple health conditions including folate deficiency and birth defects, but there are no convenient, low-cost methods to measure homocysteine in plasma. A cell-free biosensor that harnesses the native homocysteine sensing machinery of Escherichia coli bacteria could satisfy the need for a detection platform with these characteristics. Here, we describe our efforts to engineer a cell-free biosensor for point-of-care, low-cost assessment of homocysteine status. This biosensor can detect physiologically relevant concentrations of homocysteine in plasma with a colorimetric output visible to the naked eye in under 1.5 h, making it a fast, convenient tool for point-of-use diagnosis and monitoring of hyperhomocysteinemia and related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Piorino
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | | | - Mark P. Styczynski
- School of Chemical &
Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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4
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Halczuk K, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT, Karmańska A, Cieślak M. Vitamin B12-Multifaceted In Vivo Functions and In Vitro Applications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2734. [PMID: 37375638 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 plays a key role in DNA stability. Research indicates that vitamin B12 deficiency leads to indirect DNA damage, and vitamin B12 supplementation may reverse this effect. Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes such as methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which are involved in DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. These processes are essential for DNA replication and transcription, and any impairment can result in genetic instability. In addition, vitamin B12 has antioxidant properties that help protect DNA from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. This protection is achieved by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. In addition to their protective functions, cobalamins can also generate DNA-damaging radicals in vitro that can be useful in scientific research. Research is also being conducted on the use of vitamin B12 in medicine as vectors for xenobiotics. In summary, vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that plays a vital role in DNA stability. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleotides, has antioxidant properties and has potential value as a generator of DNA-damaging radicals and drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Halczuk
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bolesław T Karwowski
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karmańska
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Cieślak
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of 14 treatments including a total of 10 dietary antioxidants on the risk of prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science for only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of these 10 antioxidants on the risk of getting prostate cancer. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. DATA EXTRACTION studies were appraised by two investigators and data were extracted. Using a surface under cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probability, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relative ranking of agents. RESULTS from the earliest accessible date through August 2022, RCTs were gathered. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials were included with a total sample size of 73,365 males. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that green tea catechins (GTCs) significantly reduced the risk of prostate cancer (SUCRA, 88.6 %) followed by vitamin D (SUCRA, 55.1 %), vitamin B6 (54.1 %), and folic acid was the lowest (22.0 %). CONCLUSION based on the Ranking Plot of the Network, we can state that GTCs might have an impact on the prevention of prostate cancer compared to other dietary antioxidants, but we still need quality literature to further prove it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery. Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Junhui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery. Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Urologic Surgery. Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery. Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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Udhani R, Kothari C, Sarvaiya J. A Comprehensive Study: Traditional and Cutting-Edge Analytical Techniques for the Biomarker Based Detection of the Micronutrients & POC Sensing Directions for Next-Generation Diagnostic. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36720848 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2169823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is wide spread and highly affects morbidity, mortality, and well-being of human beings. Micronutrient deficiency gradually manifests into diseases, which effects pathophysiology directly or indirectly. There is an imprecision in the diagnosis of micronutrient deficiency because of two causes; the selection of the standard biomarker and the diagnostic technique used. In appropriate diagnosis could increase the severity of the disorder. Instead of a single a combination of biomarkers can give more stringent results for micronutrient testing. Several traditional analytical techniques are used for diagnosis but HPLC, ELISA & LCMS/MS are most sensitive and reliable methods used by CLSIA-certified labs. However, these techniques require well-equipped, centralized laboratory facilities. The diagnostic era moves toward the Point of Care Testing (POCT), a boon in emerging diagnostics, breaking all paradigms of traditional analytical techniques. POCT led us toward the development of biosensors, which encompasses many techniques like paper-based sensors, microfluidic chip, wearable devices, and smartphone-assisted diagnostics, which become more popular diagnostic tools. This outlook summarizes the micronutrients like vitamins A, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 C, D, and E and Minerals like iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and sodium; along with its biomarkers, analytical techniques, and point of care innovation in micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveena Udhani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Fenech M. Plasma Micronutrient Profile of Prostate Cancer Cases Is Altered Relative to Healthy Controls-Results of a Pilot Study in South Australia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010077. [PMID: 36612074 PMCID: PMC9817984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests possible roles of micronutrients in cancer prevention. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that the concentration profile of plasma micronutrients (i.e., the nutriome) in prostate cancer patients is different from that of healthy controls. Plasma samples from 116 Caucasian men diagnosed with late onset of prostate cancer and 132 matched controls from the South Australian population were collected and analysed for their concentration of micronutrients. Plasma concentrations of lutein, lycopene, α-carotene and β-carotene were found to be significantly lower in prostate cancer patients (p = 0.03, 0.008, 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Plasma levels of elements such as iron, copper, calcium and sulphur were significantly higher (p < 0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively) while that of selenium was significantly lower (p = 0.002) in prostate cancer patients. Higher prostate cancer risk is significantly associated with plasma levels below the median of lycopene (OR: 2.24), α-carotene (OR: 2.13), β-carotene (OR: 1.97) and high levels above the median of iron (OR: 2.31), calcium (OR: 4.35) and sulphur (OR: 2.39). The results of this study suggest that the plasma nutriome could be a useful diagnostic of prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, Adelaide 5048, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (M.F.)
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8
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Liu S, Wang ZM, Lv DM, Zhao YX. Advances in highly active one-carbon metabolism in cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug resistance: A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1063305. [PMID: 36531038 PMCID: PMC9751587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Cancer poses a significant health concern as it is incurable. Every year, research on how to treat and eradicate this chronic condition is done. This systematic review will unmask the recent developments concerning highly active 1C metabolism with regard to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance. The significance of this study is rolling out evidence-based evidence on the importance of one-carbon metabolism in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were reviewed from five electronic databases - EMBASE, Scopus Review, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Outcomes from the eight studies were analyzed to paint a picture of the topic in question. While the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis' (PRISMA) protocol guided the initial literature search, The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach informed quality assessments of the eligible studies. CONCLUSION Since its emergence in the 1980s, 1C metabolism has been investigated and broadened to capture essential aspects of cancer treatment, diagnosis, and drug resistance. The review found that metabolites like folic acid could be used to detect different types of cancer. The metabolic pathways could induce tumorigenesis and DNA methylation, hence drug resistance. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://inplasy.com/projects/, identifier INPLASY2022110099.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Clasen JL, Heath AK, Van Puyvelde H, Huybrechts I, Park JY, Ferrari P, Scelo G, Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, Ueland PM, Overvad K, Eriksen AK, Tjønneland A, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Palli D, Agnoli C, Chiodini P, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Zamora‐Ros R, Rodriguez‐Barranco M, Santiuste C, Ardanaz E, Amiano P, Schmidt JA, Weiderpass E, Gunter M, Riboli E, Cross AJ, Johansson M, Muller DC. Biomarkers of the transsulfuration pathway and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:708-716. [PMID: 35366005 PMCID: PMC9545591 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that components of one-carbon metabolism, particularly circulating vitamin B6, have an etiological role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Vitamin B6 is a cofactor in the transsulfuration pathway. We sought to holistically investigate the role of the transsulfuration pathway in RCC risk. We conducted a nested case-control study (455 RCC cases and 455 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Plasma samples from the baseline visit were analyzed for metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway, including pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP, the biologically active form of vitamin B6), homocysteine, serine, cystathionine, and cysteine, in addition to folate. Bayesian conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations of metabolites with RCC risk as well as interactions with established RCC risk factors. Circulating PLP and cysteine were inversely associated with RCC risk, and these associations were not attenuated after adjustment for other transsulfuration metabolites (odds ratio (OR) and 90% credible interval (CrI) per 1 SD increase in log concentration: 0.76 [0.66, 0.87]; 0.81 [0.66, 0.96], respectively). A comparison of joint metabolite profiles suggested substantially greater RCC risk for the profile representative of low overall transsulfuration function compared to high function (OR 2.70 [90% CrI 1.26, 5.70]). We found some statistical evidence of interactions of cysteine with body mass index, and PLP and homocysteine with smoking status, on their associations with RCC risk. In conclusion, we found evidence suggesting that the transsulfuration pathway may play a role in metabolic dysregulation leading to RCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Clasen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alicia K. Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Heleen Van Puyvelde
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterDiet, Genes and EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthetalGermany
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitInstitute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPROFlorenceItaly
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of ResearchFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Via VenezianMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’NaplesItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research (AIRE‐ONLUS)RagusaItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer EpidemiologyCittà della Salute e della Scienza University‐HospitalTurinItaly
| | - Raul Zamora‐Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miguel Rodriguez‐Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP)GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
| | - Carmen Santiuste
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of EpidemiologyMurcia Regional Health Council, IMIB‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque GovernmentSub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of GipuzkoaSan SebastianSpain
- Biodonostia Health Research InstituteEpidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases GroupSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David C. Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Alajati A, Giordano FA, Costigliola V, Ellinger J, Ritter M. Systemic Effects Reflected in Specific Biomarker Patterns Are Instrumental for the Paradigm Change in Prostate Cancer Management: A Strategic Paper. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:675. [PMID: 35158943 PMCID: PMC8833369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as the most common malignancy and second leading cause of death in America. In Europe, PCa is considered the leading type of tumour in 28 European countries. The costs of treating PCa are currently increasing more rapidly than those of any other cancer. Corresponding economic burden is enormous, due to an overtreatment of slowly developing disease on one hand and underestimation/therapy resistance of particularly aggressive PCa subtypes on the other hand. The incidence of metastatic PCa is rapidly increasing that is particularly characteristic for young adults. PCa is a systemic multi-factorial disease resulting from an imbalanced interplay between risks and protective factors. Sub-optimal behavioural patterns, abnormal stress reactions, imbalanced antioxidant defence, systemic ischemia and inflammation, mitochondriopathies, aberrant metabolic pathways, gene methylation and damage to DNA, amongst others, are synergistically involved in pathomechanisms of PCa development and progression. To this end, PCa-relevant systemic effects are reflected in liquid biopsies such as blood patterns which are instrumental for predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services (PPPM/3P medicine) as a new paradigm in the overall PCa management. This strategic review article highlights systemic effects in prostate cancer development and progression, demonstrates evident challenges in PCa management and provides expert recommendations in the framework of 3P medicine.
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He Q, Yang Z, Sun Y, Qu Z, Jia X, Li J, Lin Y, Luo Y. The Impact of Homocysteine on the Risk of Hormone-Related Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:645371. [PMID: 34504857 PMCID: PMC8421785 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.645371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant homocysteine level is associated with metabolic disorders and DNA damage, which may be involved in the carcinogenesis of hormone-related cancers, but clinical results of observational studies are controversial. In this study, we investigated the causal relationships between plasma homocysteine and breast cancer (BRCA), prostate cancer (PrCa), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Design and Methods: To investigate the putative causal associations between homocysteine and the aforementioned three types of cancers, a two-sample MR study was employed for the study. The primary strategy for summary data analyses was the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach. In our study, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) excluded confounding factors through Linkage Disequilibrium (LD). Phenoscanner tests were the instrumental variants (IVs), homocysteine was the exposure, and BRCA, PrCa, and RCC were the outcomes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with homocysteine were extracted from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European participants (n = 44,147). Summary Statistics of BRCA were obtained from the latest and largest GWAS meta-analysis comprising of 82 studies from Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) studies, including women of European ancestry (133,384 cases and 113,789 controls); we obtained summary-level data from the GWAS meta-analysis of PrCa comprising 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls of European ancestry, and the dataset of RCC was a sex-specific GWAS meta-analysis comprising of two kidney cancer genome-wide scans for men (3,227 cases and 4,916 controls) and women (1,992 cases and 3,095 controls) of European ancestry. The MR-Egger and weight median analyses were applied for the pleiotropy test. Results: The results showed null associations between plasma homocysteine levels and overall BRCA (effect = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90–1.06, P = 0.543), overall PrCa (effect = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.11, P = 0.774), RCC in men (effect = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.73–1.34, P = 0.929), and RCC in women (effect = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.61–1.31, P = 0.563). Conclusions: We found no putative causal associations between homocysteine and risk of BRCA, PrCa, and RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyao Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, Kim YI, Josse RG, Vieth R, Sahye-Pudaruth S, Paquette M, Patel D, Blanco Mejia S, Viguiliouk E, Nishi SK, Kavanagh M, Tsirakis T, Kendall CWC, Pichika SC, Sievenpiper JL. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:423-436. [PMID: 33509399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This is an update of the previous 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin and mineral supplementation on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. New randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were identified by searching the Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and data were analyzed using random effects models and classified by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach. This updated review shows similar findings to the previous report for preventive benefits from both folic acid and B vitamins for stroke and has been graded with moderate quality. No effect was seen for the commonly used multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin C, and an increased risk was seen with niacin (with statin) for all-cause mortality. Conclusive evidence for the benefit of supplements across different dietary backgrounds, when the nutrient is sufficient, has not been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Young-In Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G Josse
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Paquette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darshna Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meaghan Kavanagh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Tsirakis
- Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Sathish C Pichika
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhu L, Xia B, Ma S, Zhang S. Decitabine Sensitizes the Radioresistant Lung Adenocarcinoma to Pemetrexed Through Upregulation of Folate Receptor Alpha. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668798. [PMID: 34079760 PMCID: PMC8165306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the backbone of subsequent treatment for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibiting radiation resistance, and pemetrexed plays a critical role in this chemotherapy. However, few studies have assessed changes in the sensitivity of LUAD cells to pemetrexed under radioresistant circumstances. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to delineate changes in the sensitivity of radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed and to elucidate the related mechanisms and then develop an optimal strategy to improve the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in radioresistant LUAD cells. Our study showed a much lower efficacy of pemetrexed in radioresistant cells than in parental cells, and the mechanism of action was the significant downregulation of folate receptor alpha (FRα) by long-term fractionated radiotherapy, which resulted in less cellular pemetrexed accumulation. Interestingly, decitabine effectively reversed the decrease in FRα expression in radioresistant cells through an indirect regulatory approach. Thereafter, we designed a combination therapy of pemetrexed and decitabine and showed that the activation of FRα by decitabine sensitizes radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed both in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings raised a question regarding the administration of pemetrexed to patients with LUAD exhibiting acquired radioresistance and accordingly suggested that a combination of pemetrexed and decitabine would be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Fourth College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Medical Center, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Pan D, Wang S, Su M, Sun G, Zhu X, Ghahvechi Chaeipeima M, Guo Z, Wang N, Zhang Z, Cui M. Vitamin B 12 may play a preventive role in esophageal precancerous lesions: a case-control study based on markers in blood and 3-day duplicate diet samples. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3375-3386. [PMID: 33619628 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is hypothesized that vitamin B12 may prevent tumor initiation during the early stage of carcinogenesis such as esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL), whereas an excessive level may promote tumor progression during the later stages of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin B12 in EPL by detecting vitamin B12-related markers in both blood and diet. METHODS This case-control study based on 3-day duplicated diet samples was conducted in a high-risk area of Huai'an, China. A 100 EPL cases and 100 healthy controls matched by gender, age (± 2 years) and villages were included. Dietary intake of vitamin B12 and cobalt, plasma cobalt level, the serum levels of vitamin B12 and transcobalamin II (TC II) were quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS Dietary vitamin B12 intake (p for trend = 0.384) and plasma cobalt level (p for trend = 0.253) were not associated with EPL risk, but high dietary cobalt intake (p for trend = 0.034), increased serum levels of vitamin B12 (p for trend = 0.036) and TC II (p for trend < 0.001) were significantly associated with the reduced EPL risk. However, the significant negative association between dietary cobalt intake, plasma cobalt level or serum vitamin B12 level and EPL was only found in female or male subjects. CONCLUSION Excellent transport capability of bio-active vitamin B12 in vivo and adequate levels of vitamin B12 and cobalt may play preventive roles in EPL. Additionally, the association between vitamin B12, cobalt and the risk of EPL may vary in different genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Su
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, 223200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahsa Ghahvechi Chaeipeima
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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15
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Amle D, Das J, Chandra L, Gandhi G, Patnayak R, Khurana N, Saxena A. Evaluation of promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 18:1578-1582. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_390_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Bo Y, Zhu Y, Tao Y, Li X, Zhai D, Bu Y, Wan Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Yu Z. Association Between Folate and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Front Public Health 2020; 8:550753. [PMID: 33384976 PMCID: PMC7770110 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.550753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no study that has systematically investigated the breadth and validity of the associations of folate and multiple health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the quantity, validity, and credibility of evidence regarding associations between folate and multiple health outcomes by using umbrella review of meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to May 20, 2018, to identify potential meta-analyses that examined the association of folate with any health outcome. For each included meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size and their 95% confidence interval using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. We used the AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) to assess methodological quality and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group classification) to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome included in the umbrella review. Results: Overall, 108 articles reporting 133 meta-analyses of observational studies and 154 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the study. Among them, 108 unique exposure-outcome-population triplets (referred to as unique meta-analyses hereafter) of RCTs and 87 unique meta-analyses of observational studies were reanalyzed. Beneficial effects of folate were observed in the all-cause mortality rate and in a number of chronic diseases, including several birth/pregnancy outcomes, several cancers, cardiovascular disease and metabolic-related outcomes, neurological conditions, and several other diseases. However, adverse effects of folate were observed for prostate cancer, colorectal adenomatous lesions, asthma or wheezing, and wheezing as an isolated symptom and depression. Conclusions: Current evidence allows for the conclusion that folate is associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality and a wide range of chronic diseases. However, folate may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Further research is warranted to improve the certainty of the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Bo
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuchang Tao
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Desheng Zhai
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongjun Bu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Administration, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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17
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Clasen JL, Heath AK, Scelo G, Muller DC. Components of one-carbon metabolism and renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3801-3813. [PMID: 32162043 PMCID: PMC7669778 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the aetiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Components of one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which are required for nucleotide synthesis and methylation reactions, may be related to risk of RCC but existing evidence is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and independent exposure-specific meta-analyses of dietary intake and circulating biomarkers of 1C metabolites and RCC risk. METHODS Medline and Embase databases were searched for observational studies investigating RCC or kidney cancer incidence or mortality in relation to components of 1C metabolism and 12 eligible articles were included in the meta-analyses. We used Bayesian meta-analyses to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) comparing the highest versus lowest categories as well as the between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS We did not find convincing evidence of an association between any exposure (riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, methionine, homocysteine, choline, or betaine) and RCC risk. However, vitamin B6 biomarker status did have a protective (RR = 0.62) but imprecise (95% CrI 0.39-1.14) effect estimate and folate intake had a notable association as well (RR = 0.85, 95% CrI 0.71-1.01). CONCLUSION There was a lack of precision due largely to the low number of studies. Further investigation is warranted, especially for folate and vitamin B6, which had consistent suggestive evidence of a protective effect for both dietary intake and biomarker status. A unique strength of this review is the use of Bayesian meta-analyses which allowed for robust estimation of between-study heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Clasen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Peterson CT, Rodionov DA, Osterman AL, Peterson SN. B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3380. [PMID: 33158037 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B group vitamins represent essential micronutrients for myriad metabolic and regulatory processes required for human health, serving as cofactors used by hundreds of enzymes that carry out essential functions such as energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis and other critical functions. B vitamins and their corresponding vitamers are universally essential for all cellular life forms, from bacteria to humans. Humans are unable to synthesize most B vitamins and are therefore dependent on their diet for these essential micronutrients. More recently, another source of B vitamins has been identified which is derived from portions of the 1013 bacterial cells inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the expanding literature examining the relationship between B vitamins and the immune system and diverse cancers. Evidence of B vitamin’s role in immune cell regulation has accumulated in recent years and may help to clarify the disparate findings of numerous studies attempting to link B vitamins to cancer development. Much work remains to be carried out to fully clarify these relationships as the complexity of B vitamins’ essential functions complicates an unequivocal assessment of their beneficial or detrimental effects in inflammation and cancers.
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19
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Wolffenbuttel BHR, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Green R, Gans ROB. Relationship between serum B12 concentrations and mortality: experience in NHANES. BMC Med 2020; 18:307. [PMID: 33032595 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence in the literature on the association between (elevated) serum B12 concentrations and subsequent disease or mortality. We evaluated in the NHANES general population the association of serum B12 concentrations as well as vitamin B12 supplement intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality, while taking into account demographic and lifestyle factors and significant other diseases which are known to be associated with poorer outcome. METHODS The main outcomes of our study were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer-related mortality. Mortality status and cause of death were determined by NHANES-linked National Death Index public access files through December 31, 2015. The association of serum B12 concentrations and vitamin B12 supplement intake with mortality was assessed with Cox proportional hazard (PH) models, with adjustment for a number of relevant demographic and lifestyle factors and comorbidity. RESULTS The final study population of 24,262 participants had a mean age of 48 (SD 19) years; 50.1% were males. The median follow-up duration was 109 months (range 1-201 months). On the census day of December 31, 2015, 3023 participants were determined as deceased (12.5%). The fully adjusted Cox PH model indicated that low serum B12 concentrations < 140 pmol/l were associated with a small increase in all-cause (hazard ratio, HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.78, p = 0.011) and cardiovascular (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08-2.47, p = 0.020) mortality. Similarly, high serum B12 concentrations > 700 pmol/l were associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality only (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01-2.06, p = 0.042). Participants with a diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidemia, CVD, and cancer more frequently used vitamin B12-containing supplements than those without these diagnoses. We could not demonstrate an association between vitamin B12 supplement intake and mortality, when adjusted for comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS In the general population of NHANES, low serum B12 concentrations were associated with a moderate increase in all-cause mortality. There was a small but significant increase in cardiovascular mortality in the groups with low or high serum B12. High intake of vitamin B12 in the form of supplements was not associated with any adverse effect on mortality and therefore can be regarded as safe.
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20
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Wang S, Pan D, Su M, Huang G, Sun G. Moderately high folate level may offset the effects of aberrant DNA methylation of P16 and P53 genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Genes Nutr 2020; 15:18. [PMID: 32993492 PMCID: PMC7526188 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated gene-nutrition interactions between folate and the aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes in different stages of carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Two hundred ESCC cases, 200 esophageal precancerous lesion (EPL) cases, and 200 controls matched by age (± 2 years) and gender were used for this study. Baseline data and dietary intake information was collected via questionnaire. The serum folate levels and methylation status of promoter regions of p16 and p53 were detected. RESULTS The interactions of increased serum folate level with unmethylated p16 and p53 promoter regions were significantly associated with a reduced risk of both EPL and ESCC (p for interaction < 0.05). The interactions of the lowest quartile of serum folate level with p16 or p53 methylation was significantly associated with an increased risk of ESCC (OR = 2.96, 95% CI, 1.45-6.05; OR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.15-4.75). An increased serum folate level was also related to a decreasing trend of EPL and ESCC risks when p16 or p53 methylation occurred. The interaction of spinach, Chinese cabbage, liver and bean intake with unmethylated p16 and p53 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of EPL or ESCC (p for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The interactions between a high folate level and unmethylated p16 and p53 promoter regions may have a strong preventive effect on esophageal carcinogenesis. Additionally, a high folate level may offset the tumor-promoting effects of aberrant DNA methylation of the genes, but it is also noteworthy that a very high level of folate may not have a protective effect on EPL in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ming Su
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, 223200, P. R. China
| | - Guiling Huang
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Practice Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, P. R. China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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Lyon P, Strippoli V, Fang B, Cimmino L. B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism: Implications in Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2867. [PMID: 32961717 PMCID: PMC7551072 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways driven by folate and methionine to generate methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation. Dietary deficiencies in B9 and B12, or genetic polymorphisms that influence the activity of enzymes involved in the folate or methionine cycles, are known to cause developmental defects, impair cognitive function, or block normal blood production. Nutritional deficiencies have historically been treated with dietary supplementation or high-dose parenteral administration that can reverse symptoms in the majority of cases. Elevated levels of these vitamins have more recently been shown to correlate with immune dysfunction, cancer, and increased mortality. Therapies that specifically target one-carbon metabolism are therefore currently being explored for the treatment of immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent studies aimed at elucidating the role of folate, B12, and methionine in one-carbon metabolism during normal cellular processes and in the context of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lyon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Victoria Strippoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Byron Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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22
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Burton MA, Antoun E, Penailillo RS, Burdge GC, Lillycrop KA. Folic Acid Induces Intake-Related Changes in the Mammary Tissue Transcriptome of C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2821. [PMID: 32942660 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) intake has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in some studies. Although underlying mechanisms are unknown, epigenetic modifications that persistently alter transcription have been suggested. We tested the hypothesis that high FA (HFA) intake alters the adult mammary transcriptome in a manner consistent with increased potential for carcinogenesis, detectable beyond the period of intake. C57BL/6 mice were fed control FA (CFA) (1 mg/kg diet) or HFA (5 mg/kg diet) diets for 4 weeks, followed by AIN93M maintenance diet for 4 weeks. Plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, p-aminobenzoylglutamate and unmetabolised FA concentrations were greater (1.62, 1.56, 5.80-fold, respectively) in HFA compared to CFA mice. RNA sequencing of the mammary transcriptome (~20 million reads) showed 222 transcripts (191 upregulated) differentially expressed between groups. Gene Set Enrichment showed upregulated genes significantly enriched in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Myogenesis and Apical Junction and downregulated genes in E2F targets, MYC targets and G2M checkpoint. Cancer was the most altered Disease and Disorder pathway, with Metastasis, Mammary Tumour and Growth of Tumour the most upregulated pathways. ChIP-seq enrichment analysis showed that targets of histone methyltransferase EZH2 were enriched in HFA mice. This study demonstrates HFA intake during adulthood induces mammary transcriptome changes, consistent with greater tumorigenic potential.
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23
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Rehman T, Shabbir MA, Inam‐Ur‐Raheem M, Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Liu Z, Ahmad MH, Siddeeg A, Abid M, Aadil RM. Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4696-4707. [PMID: 32994931 PMCID: PMC7500767 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy), both sulfur-containing amino acids (AAs), produced from methionine another sulfur-containing amino acid, which is converted to Hcy and further converted to cysteine. This article aims to highlight the link between cysteine and Hcy, and their mechanisms, important functions, play in the body and their role as a biomarker for various types of diseases. So that using cysteine and Hcy as a biomarker, we can prevent and diagnose many diseases. This review concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) is considered as toxic for cells and is associated with different health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low levels of cysteine associated with various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer like lung and colorectal cancer, renal dysfunction-linked conditions, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahniat Rehman
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Inam‐Ur‐Raheem
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zhi‐Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | | | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity GeziraWad MedaniSudan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional SciencesPir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
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24
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Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, Metcalfe C, Holding P, Wade J, Noble S, Garfield K, Young G, Davis M, Peters TJ, Turner EL, Martin RM, Oxley J, Robinson M, Staffurth J, Walsh E, Blazeby J, Bryant R, Bollina P, Catto J, Doble A, Doherty A, Gillatt D, Gnanapragasam V, Hughes O, Kockelbergh R, Kynaston H, Paul A, Paez E, Powell P, Prescott S, Rosario D, Rowe E, Neal D. Active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy in PSA-detected clinically localised prostate cancer: the ProtecT three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-176. [PMID: 32773013 PMCID: PMC7443739 DOI: 10.3310/hta24370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the UK. Prostate-specific antigen testing followed by biopsy leads to overdetection, overtreatment as well as undertreatment of the disease. Evidence of treatment effectiveness has lacked because of the paucity of randomised controlled trials comparing conventional treatments. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional treatments for localised prostate cancer (active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy) in men aged 50-69 years. DESIGN A prospective, multicentre prostate-specific antigen testing programme followed by a randomised trial of treatment, with a comprehensive cohort follow-up. SETTING Prostate-specific antigen testing in primary care and treatment in nine urology departments in the UK. PARTICIPANTS Between 2001 and 2009, 228,966 men aged 50-69 years received an invitation to attend an appointment for information about the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study and a prostate-specific antigen test; 82,429 men were tested, 2664 were diagnosed with localised prostate cancer, 1643 agreed to randomisation to active monitoring (n = 545), radical prostatectomy (n = 553) or radical radiotherapy (n = 545) and 997 chose a treatment. INTERVENTIONS The interventions were active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy. TRIAL PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Definite or probable disease-specific mortality at the 10-year median follow-up in randomised participants. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Overall mortality, metastases, disease progression, treatment complications, resource utilisation and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for 17 prostate cancer-specific (p = 0.48) and 169 all-cause (p = 0.87) deaths. Eight men died of prostate cancer in the active monitoring group (1.5 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.0); five died of prostate cancer in the radical prostatectomy group (0.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.2 per 1000 person years) and four died of prostate cancer in the radical radiotherapy group (0.7 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0 per 1000 person years). More men developed metastases in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring, n = 33 (6.3 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 4.5 to 8.8); radical prostatectomy, n = 13 (2.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.2 per 1000 person years); and radical radiotherapy, n = 16 (3.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.9 per 1000 person-years; p = 0.004). There were higher rates of disease progression in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring (n = 112; 22.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 19.0 to 27.5 per 1000 person years); radical prostatectomy (n = 46; 8.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 11.9 per 1000 person-years); and radical radiotherapy (n = 46; 9.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 12.0 per 1000 person years; p < 0.001). Radical prostatectomy had the greatest impact on sexual function/urinary continence and remained worse than radical radiotherapy and active monitoring. Radical radiotherapy's impact on sexual function was greatest at 6 months, but recovered somewhat in the majority of participants. Sexual and urinary function gradually declined in the active monitoring group. Bowel function was worse with radical radiotherapy at 6 months, but it recovered with the exception of bloody stools. Urinary voiding and nocturia worsened in the radical radiotherapy group at 6 months but recovered. Condition-specific quality-of-life effects mirrored functional changes. No differences in anxiety/depression or generic or cancer-related quality of life were found. At the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year, the probabilities that each arm was the most cost-effective option were 58% (radical radiotherapy), 32% (active monitoring) and 10% (radical prostatectomy). LIMITATIONS A single prostate-specific antigen test and transrectal ultrasound biopsies were used. There were very few non-white men in the trial. The majority of men had low- and intermediate-risk disease. Longer follow-up is needed. CONCLUSIONS At a median follow-up point of 10 years, prostate cancer-specific mortality was low, irrespective of the assigned treatment. Radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy reduced disease progression and metastases, but with side effects. Further work is needed to follow up participants at a median of 15 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN20141297. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 37. See the National Institute for Health Research Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - J Athene Lane
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Malcolm Mason
- School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Holding
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Wade
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sian Noble
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Grace Young
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Davis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Peters
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Turner
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jon Oxley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Mary Robinson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Staffurth
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eleanor Walsh
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane Blazeby
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prasad Bollina
- Department of Urology and Surgery, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Doble
- Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Doherty
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Gillatt
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Owen Hughes
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roger Kockelbergh
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Howard Kynaston
- Department of Urology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan Paul
- Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edgar Paez
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Philip Powell
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Prescott
- Department of Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Derek Rosario
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edward Rowe
- Department of Urology, Southmead Hospital and Bristol Urological Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - David Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Passarelli MN, Barry EL, Rees JR, Mott LA, Zhang D, Ahnen DJ, Bresalier RS, Haile RW, McKeown-Eyssen G, Snover DC, Cole BF, Baron JA. Folic acid supplementation and risk of colorectal neoplasia during long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:903-911. [PMID: 31401653 PMCID: PMC6766439 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study previously found folic acid increased risk of advanced and multiple colorectal adenomas during a surveillance colonoscopy interval starting about 3 y after randomization. OBJECTIVE We conducted secondary analyses to evaluate folic acid effects with additional follow-up after treatment was stopped. METHODS In total, 1021 participants recently diagnosed with colorectal adenomas were randomly assigned to 1 mg/d of folic acid (n = 516) or placebo (n = 505), with or without aspirin, beginning 6 July 1994. The original 3-y treatment period was extended into a subsequent colonoscopy interval, but eventually stopped prematurely on 1 October 2004. With additional post-treatment follow-up, a total of 663 participants who extended treatment completed a second colonoscopic surveillance interval after the initial 3-y follow-up. In addition, 490 participants provided information regarding a subsequent surveillance colonoscopy occurring before completion of follow-up on 31 May 2012, including 325 who had agreed to extended treatment. Study endpoints included conventional adenomas, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps), or colorectal cancer, and RRs with 95% CIs were adjusted for baseline characteristics associated with availability of follow-up. RESULTS Among those who extended treatment, any colorectal neoplasia was found in 118 (36%) participants assigned to placebo and 146 (43%) assigned to folic acid during the second surveillance interval (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.47; P = 0.06). Increased risk of SSA/P with extended folic acid supplementation was statistically significant during the second surveillance interval (RR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.68; P = 0.04). There was no evidence of post-treatment effects for any colorectal neoplasia (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.28; P = 0.94), and the post-treatment effect for SSA/P was no longer statistically significant (RR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.59, 3.19; P = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Delayed treatment effects were not observed, but folic acid may increase SSA/P risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Address correspondence to MNP (e-mail: )
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Judy R Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Leila A Mott
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Haile
- Population Health Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dale C Snover
- Department of Pathology, Fairview Southdale Hospital, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Bernard F Cole
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Irimie AI, Braicu C, Pasca S, Magdo L, Gulei D, Cojocneanu R, Ciocan C, Olariu A, Coza O, Berindan-Neagoe I. Role of Key Micronutrients from Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic Perspectives in Cancer Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060283. [PMID: 31216637 PMCID: PMC6630934 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regarding cancer as a genetic multi-factorial disease, a number of aspects need to be investigated and analyzed in terms of cancer's predisposition, development and prognosis. One of these multi-dimensional factors, which has gained increased attention in the oncological field due to its unelucidated role in risk assessment for cancer, is diet. Moreover, as studies advance, a clearer connection between diet and the molecular alteration of patients is becoming identifiable and quantifiable, thereby replacing the old general view associating specific phenotypical changes with the differential intake of nutrients. Respectively, there are two major fields concentrated on the interrelation between genome and diet: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics studies the effects of nutrition at the gene level, whereas nutrigenomics studies the effect of nutrients on genome and transcriptome patterns. By precisely evaluating the interaction between the genomic profile of patients and their nutrient intake, it is possible to envision a concept of personalized medicine encompassing nutrition and health care. The list of nutrients that could have an inhibitory effect on cancer development is quite extensive, with evidence in the scientific literature. The administration of these nutrients showed significant results in vitro and in vivo regarding cancer inhibition, although more studies regarding administration in effective doses in actual patients need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Olariu
- Nordlogic Software, 10-12, Rene Descartes Street 400486 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Coza
- Department of Radiotherapy with High Energies and Brachytherapy, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Street Republicii, No. 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Louis Pasteur, No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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27
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Essén A, Santaolalla A, Garmo H, Hammar N, Walldius G, Jungner I, Malmström H, Holmberg L, Van Hemelrijck M. Baseline serum folate, vitamin B12 and the risk of prostate and breast cancer using data from the Swedish AMORIS cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:603-15. [PMID: 31020446 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The roles of folate and vitamin B12 in prostate cancer (PCa) or breast cancer (BC) development are unclear. We investigated their roles using the prospective Swedish Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) study. METHODS 8,783 men and 19,775 women with vitamin B12 and folate serum measurements were included. Their associations with PCa and BC risk categories were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During mean follow-up of 13 years, 703 men developed PCa. There was an inverse association between folate > 32 nmol/L and high-risk PCa [hazard ratio (HR) 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90], and a positive association between folate < 5 nmol/L and metastatic PCa (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.29-21.41), compared with folate 5-32 nmol/L. No associations with vitamin B12 were found. 795 women developed BC during mean follow-up of 14 years. When restricting to the fasting population, there was a positive association between folate > 32 nmol/L and BC (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-2.04). CONCLUSION High folate levels may protect against PCa and low folate levels may increase risk of metastatic PCa. High fasting folate levels may be associated with an increased BC risk. Vitamin B12 was not found to be linked with risk of PCa or BC. Longitudinal studies with serum and dietary information could help define new prevention targets and add information on the role of folate fortification.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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Ströhle A, Richter M, González‐Gross M, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Wagner K, Leschik‐Bonnet E, Egert S. The Revised D-A-CH-Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B 12 : Prevention of Deficiency and Beyond. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801178. [PMID: 30657638 PMCID: PMC6590120 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are the joint editors of the "D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake", which are revised regularly. METHODS AND RESULTS By reviewing vitamin-B12 -related biomarker studies, the reference values for vitamin B12 were revised in 2018. For adults, the estimated intake is based on the adequate serum concentrations of holotranscobalamin and methylmalonic acid. The estimated values for children and adolescents are extrapolated from the adult reference value by considering differences in body mass, an allometric exponent, and growth factors. For infants below 4 months of age, an estimated value is set based on the vitamin B12 intake via breast milk. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the fetus and for loss via breast milk. The estimated values for vitamin B12 intake for infants, children, and adolescents range from 0.5 to 4.0 µg d-1 . For adults, the estimated values are set at 4.0 µg d-1 , and for pregnant and lactating women, they are set at 4.5 and 5.5 µg d-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the data of several vitamin B12 status biomarkers studies, the reference value for vitamin B12 intake for adults is raised from 3.0 to 4.0 µg d-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ströhle
- Institute of Food Science and Human NutritionLeibniz University HannoverAm Kleinen Felde 3030167HannoverGermany
| | - Margrit Richter
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
| | - Marcela González‐Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversidad Politécnica de Madridc/ Martín Fierro 728040MadridSpain
| | | | - Karl‐Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 141090ViennaAustria
| | | | - Sarah Egert
- German Nutrition Society (DGE)Godesberger Allee 1853175BonnGermany
- Institute of Nutritional MedicineUniversity of HohenheimFruwirthstr. 1270599StuttgartGermany
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Joseph DB, Chandrashekar AS, Chu LF, Thomson JA, Vezina CM. A folic acid-enriched diet attenuates prostate involution in response to androgen deprivation. Prostate 2019; 79:183-194. [PMID: 30298636 PMCID: PMC6420320 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum folate concentrations in the United States have risen since dietary folic acid fortification was first mandated in 1998. Although maternal folic acid offers protection against neural tube defects in conceptuses, its impact on other organ systems and life stages have not been fully examined. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the impact of a Folic acid (FA) enriched diet on prostate homeostasis and response to androgen deprivation. METHODS Male mice were fed a control diet (4 mg FA/kg feed) or a folic acid supplemented diet (24 mg FA/kg feed) beginning at conception and continuing through early adulthood, when mice were castrated. RESULTS We made the surprising observation that dietary FA supplementation confers partial resistance to castration-mediated prostate involution. At 3, 10, and 14 days post-castration, FA enriched diet fed mice had larger prostates as assessed by wet weight, taller prostatic luminal epithelial cells, and more abundant RNAs encoding prostate secretory proteins than castrated control diet fed mice. Diet did not significantly affect prostate weights of intact mice or serum testosterone concentrations of castrated mice. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the FA enriched diet was associated with a unique prostate gene expression signature, affecting several signaling and metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Continuous exposure to a FA enriched diet slows prostate involution in response to androgen deprivation. Prostates from FA diet mice have increased secretory gene expression and increased luminal cell heights. The influence of dietary FA supplementation on the prostate response to androgen deprivation raises a future need to consider how dietary folic acid supplementation affects efficacy of androgen-reducing therapies for treating prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anoop S Chandrashekar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Corresponding author Correspondence: Chad M Vezina, Room 201 Hanson Labs, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Phone: 608-890-3235,
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Joseph DB, Strand DW, Vezina CM. DNA methylation in development and disease: an overview for prostate researchers. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2018; 6:197-218. [PMID: 30697577 PMCID: PMC6334199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation are critical regulators of organismal development and tissue homeostasis. DNA methylation is the transfer of methyl groups to cytosines, which adds an additional layer of complexity to the genome. DNA methylation marks are recognized by the cellular machinery to regulate transcription. Disruption of DNA methylation with aging or exposure to environmental toxins can change susceptibility to disease or trigger processes that lead to disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the DNA methylation machinery. More specifically, we describe DNA methylation in the context of prostate development, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as the impact of dietary and environmental factors on DNA methylation in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
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Xu J, Zhao X, Sun S, Ni P, Li C, Ren A, Wang W, Zhu L. Homocysteine and Digestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Oncol 2018; 2018:3720684. [PMID: 30662463 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3720684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Homocysteine, a key component in one-carbon metabolism, is of great importance in remethylation. Many epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between homocysteine and risk of digestive tract cancer, but the results are inconsistent. Objective The objective of our meta-analysis is to assess the association between homocysteine and digestive tract cancer risk. Methods Comprehensive searches were performed on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases up to September 25, 2018, to identify relevant studies. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the relationship between homocysteine and the risk of digestive tract cancer. Results The pooled OR of digestive tract cancer risk for patients with the highest categories of blood homocysteine levels versus the lowest categories was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15, 1.39) with no significant heterogeneity observed (P = 0.798, I 2 = 0.0%). Moreover, the dose-response analysis revealed that each 5μmol/L increase in homocysteine increased the incidence of digestive tract cancer by 7%. Conclusion Generally, our results indicated that elevated homocysteine was associated with higher risk of digestive tract cancer. That is, homocysteine concentration may be a potential biomarker for occurrence of digestive tract cancer.
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Marrone MT, Tsilidis KK, Ehrhardt S, Joshu CE, Rebbeck TR, Sellers TA, Platz EA. When Is Enough, Enough? When Are More Observational Epidemiologic Studies Needed to Resolve a Research Question: Illustrations Using Biomarker-Cancer Associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:239-247. [PMID: 30377205 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research reproducibility is vital for translation of epidemiologic findings. However, repeated studies of the same question may be undertaken without enhancing existing knowledge. To identify settings in which additional research is or is not warranted, we adapted research synthesis metrics to determine number of additional observational studies needed to change the inference from an existing meta-analysis. METHODS The fail-safe number (FSN) estimates number of additional studies of average weight and null effect needed to drive a statistically significant meta-analysis to null (P ≥ 0.05). We used conditional power to determine number of additional studies of average weight and equivalent heterogeneity to achieve 80% power in an updated meta-analysis to detect the observed summary estimate as statistically significant. We applied these metrics to a curated set of 98 meta-analyses on biomarkers and cancer risk. RESULTS Both metrics were influenced by number of studies, heterogeneity, and summary estimate size in the existing meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis on Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer with 15 studies [OR = 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.71-3.05], FSN was 805 studies, supporting futility of further study. For the meta-analysis on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prostate cancer with 7 studies (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.99-1.69), 5 more studies would be needed for 80% power, suggesting further study could change inferences. CONCLUSIONS Along with traditional assessments, these metrics could be used by stakeholders to decide whether additional studies addressing the same question are needed. IMPACT Systematic application of these metrics could lead to more judicious use of resources and acceleration from discovery to population-health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Marrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yarmolinsky J, Wade KH, Richmond RC, Langdon RJ, Bull CJ, Tilling KM, Relton CL, Lewis SJ, Davey Smith G, Martin RM. Causal Inference in Cancer Epidemiology: What Is the Role of Mendelian Randomization? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:995-1010. [PMID: 29941659 PMCID: PMC6522350 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational epidemiologic studies are prone to confounding, measurement error, and reverse causation, undermining robust causal inference. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants to proxy modifiable exposures to generate more reliable estimates of the causal effects of these exposures on diseases and their outcomes. MR has seen widespread adoption within cardio-metabolic epidemiology, but also holds much promise for identifying possible interventions for cancer prevention and treatment. However, some methodologic challenges in the implementation of MR are particularly pertinent when applying this method to cancer etiology and prognosis, including reverse causation arising from disease latency and selection bias in studies of cancer progression. These issues must be carefully considered to ensure appropriate design, analysis, and interpretation of such studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the key principles and assumptions of MR, focusing on applications of this method to the study of cancer etiology and prognosis. We summarize recent studies in the cancer literature that have adopted a MR framework to highlight strengths of this approach compared with conventional epidemiological studies. Finally, limitations of MR and recent methodologic developments to address them are discussed, along with the translational opportunities they present to inform public health and clinical interventions in cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 995-1010. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Dhana A, Yen H, Li T, Holmes MD, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Intake of folate and other nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism and risk of cutaneous melanoma among US women and men. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 55:176-183. [PMID: 29990794 PMCID: PMC6097627 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism - folate, vitamins B6 and B12, methionine, choline, and betaine - have been inversely associated with multiple cancer sites and may be related to skin cancer. However, there is a lack of research on the association between intake of these nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk in two large prospective cohorts. METHODS The cohorts included 75,311 white women and 48,523 white men. Nutrient intake was assessed repeatedly by food frequency questionnaires and self-reported supplement use. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and then pooled HRs using a random-effects model. RESULTS Over 24-26 years of follow-up, we documented 1328 melanoma cases (648 men and 680 women). Higher intake of folate from food only, but not total folate, was associated with increased melanoma risk (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.64; P for trend = 0.001). The association was significant in men, but attenuated in women. Higher intake of vitamins B6 and B12, choline, betaine, and methionine were not associated with melanoma risk, although there was modest increasing trend of risk for vitamin B6 from food only (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99-1.41; P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found some evidence that higher intake of folate from food only was associated with a modest increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. However, since other factors related to dietary folate intake may account for the observed association, our findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashar Dhana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hsi Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tricia Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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Jenkins DJ, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, Kim YI, Josse R, Vieth R, Blanco Mejia S, Viguiliouk E, Nishi S, Sahye-Pudaruth S, Paquette M, Patel D, Mitchell S, Kavanagh M, Tsirakis T, Bachiri L, Maran A, Umatheva N, McKay T, Trinidad G, Bernstein D, Chowdhury A, Correa-Betanzo J, Del Principe G, Hajizadeh A, Jayaraman R, Jenkins A, Jenkins W, Kalaichandran R, Kirupaharan G, Manisekaran P, Qutta T, Shahid R, Silver A, Villegas C, White J, Kendall CW, Pichika SC, Sievenpiper JL. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:2570-2584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Awwad HM, Ohlmann CH, Stoeckle M, Geisel J, Obeid R. Serum concentrations of folate vitamers in patients with a newly diagnosed prostate cancer or hyperplasia. Clin Biochem 2018; 56:41-46. [PMID: 29673813 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate is required for synthesis of methyl groups and DNA in growing cells. The association between folate and prostate cancer (PCa) is not conclusive. METHODS We investigated concentrations of folate vitamers, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in blood of men with PCa (n = 129) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 73) who were recruited just after the first diagnosis. RESULTS In younger subjects <65 years, concentrations of (6S)-5-CH3-H4folate (15.3 vs. 17.7 nmol/L) or total folate (UPLC-MS/MS) (18.7 vs. 23.0 nmol/L) did not differ between men with BPH and those with PCa, while SAM was higher in the controls (128 vs. 116 nmol/L). Younger patients with low- and high grade cancer did not differ in (6S)-5-CH3-H4folate (17.8 vs. 17.3 nmol/L) or total folate (UPLC-MS/MS) (22.9 vs. 23.3 nmol/L), but SAM was lower in patients with low grade PCa (111 vs. 126 nmol/L). In the older group ≥65 years, (6S)-5-CH3-H4folate (18.4 vs. 18.2 nmol/L) and total folate (UPLC-MS/MS) (22.5 vs. 22.1 nmol/L) did not differ between BPH and PCa. Older patients with advanced tumors had lower (6S)-5-CH3-H4folate compared with those with low grade tumor (12.8 vs. 20.0 nmol/L: p = 0.013). Plasma SAM was not different between older patients and controls and was not related to PCa grade. CONCLUSIONS Lowered serum methyl folate measured at the time of diagnosis in older patients with advanced PCa, and lowered plasma SAM in younger patients with low grade PCa suggest differential folate metabolism that may have mechanistic, prognostic or predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Mohamad Awwad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Stoeckle
- Department of Urology, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Juergen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Vohra M, Sharma AR, Paul B, Bhat MK, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. In silico characterization of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of folate pathway genes. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:186-199. [PMID: 29574679 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Folate metabolism genes are pivotal to critical biological processes and are related to several conditions, including developmental, cognitive, and cardiovascular anomalies. A systematic catalog of genetic polymorphisms in protein coding regions, regulatory transcription factor binding sites, and miRNA binding sites associated with folate pathway genes may contribute to personalized medicine. We performed a comprehensive computational survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of folate pathway genes to highlight functional polymorphisms in the coding region, transcription factor binding sites, and miRNAs binding sites. Folate pathway genes were searched through PubMed and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway databases. SNPs were identified and characterized using the University of California, Santa Cruz genome browser and SNPnexus tool. Functional characterization of nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPS) was performed using bioinformatics tools, and common deleterious nsSNPs were identified. We identified 48 genes of folate pathway containing 287 SNPs in the coding regions. Out of these SNPs, rs5742905, rs45511401, and rs1801133 were predicted to be deleterious through four different bioinformatics tools. Three-dimensional structures of two proteins with and without deleterious nsSNPs were predicted by SWISSPDB viewer and SuperPose. Besides, a total of 237 SNPs was identified in transcription factor binding sites using the Genomatix software suite and six miRNA target site SNPs using miRNASNP. This systematic and extensive in silico analysis of functional SNPs of folate pathway may provide a foundation for future targeted mechanistic, structure-function, and genetic epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Vohra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anu Radha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bobby Paul
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj K Bhat
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-In Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Depression remains difficult to manage, despite the many registered treatments available. For many depressed individuals, particularly those who have not responded to and/or had adverse effects from standard therapies, herbal and natural medications represent a potentially valuable alternative. This chapter will review several natural remedies used in the treatment of depression. Specific remedies covered include St. John's wort (SJW), S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), omega-3 fatty acids, rhodiola, and others. We will begin by providing some historical and social context about these remedies. Then we will review efficacy and safety data, as well as biological mechanisms of action of these therapies. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of the current state of knowledge and provide suggestions for a productive research agenda focused on natural remedies. While many questions about these treatments remain unanswered and much work needs to be done before we determine their place in the psychiatric armamentarium, we believe that this chapter will give psychiatrists a good perspective on the pros and cons of herbal and natural antidepressants as part of the pharmacological armamentarium and sensible guidelines on how and when they should be used.
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Lind MV, Lauritzen L, Pedersen O, Vestergaard H, Stark KD, Hansen T, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2017; 46:78-87. [PMID: 29129471 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (-4.7% (-9.3; 0.0), P=.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (-0.5; 5.5), P=.08; 5.8% (-0.2; 12.1), P=.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (-5.4% (-9.7; -0.8), P=.02 and -7.0% (-12.1; -1.5), P=.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P=.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Tunbridge EM, Attenburrow MJ, Gardiner A, Rendell JM, Hinds C, Goodwin GM, Harrison PJ, Geddes JR. Biochemical and genetic predictors and correlates of response to lamotrigine and folic acid in bipolar depression: Analysis of the CEQUEL clinical trial. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:477-486. [PMID: 28833962 PMCID: PMC5697684 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CEQUEL (Comparative Evaluation of QUEtiapine plus Lamotrigine combination versus quetiapine monotherapy [and folic acid versus placebo] in bipolar depression) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, 2×2 factorial trial that examined the effect of adding lamotrigine and/or folic acid (FA) to quetiapine in bipolar depression. Lamotrigine improved depression, but its effectiveness was reduced by FA. We investigated the baseline predictors and correlates of clinical response, and the possible basis of the interaction. METHODS The main outcome was change in depressive symptoms at 12 weeks, measured using the Quick Inventory for Depressive Symptoms-self report version 16 (QIDS-SR16). We examined the relationship between symptoms and lamotrigine levels, and biochemical measures of one-carbon metabolism and functional polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and folate hydrolase 1 (FOLH1). RESULTS Lamotrigine levels were unaffected by FA and did not differ between those participants who achieved remission and those with persisting symptoms. When participants with subtherapeutic serum levels were excluded, there was a main effect of lamotrigine on the main outcome, although this remained limited to those randomized to FA placebo. None of the biochemical measures correlated with clinical outcome. The negative impact of FA on lamotrigine response was limited to COMT Met carriers. FOLH1 and MTHFR had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results clarify that FA's inhibition of lamotrigine's efficacy is not a pharmacokinetic effect, and that low serum lamotrigine levels contributed to lamotrigine's lack of a main effect at 12 weeks. We were unable to explain the lamotrigine-FA interaction, but our finding that it is modulated by the COMT genotype provides a starting point for follow-on neurobiological investigations. More broadly, our results highlight the value of including biochemical and genetic indices in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- EM Tunbridge
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research CentreOxfordUK
| | - MJ Attenburrow
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - A Gardiner
- NIHR CLAHRC OxfordOxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK,Department of Primary CareUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - JM Rendell
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - C Hinds
- Oxford University Big Data InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - GM Goodwin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - PJ Harrison
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research CentreOxfordUK
| | - JR Geddes
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research CentreOxfordUK
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43
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Mason JB, Tang SY. Folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A 2016 update. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 53:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Stefani ED, Boffetta PL, Ronco A, Deneo-Pellegrini H. Meat Consumption, Related Nutrients, Obesity and Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Case-Control Study in Uruguay. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1937-45. [PMID: 27221879 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to determine the role of meat consumption and related nutrients in the etiology of prostate cancer we conducted a case-control study among Uruguayan men in the time period 1998-2007. RESULTS The study included 464 cases and 472 controls, frequency matched for age and residence. Both series were drawn from the four major public hospitals in Montevideo. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of prostate cancer by quartiles of meat intake and related nutrients. The highest vs. the lowest quartile of intake of total meat (OR = 5.19, 95 % CI 3.46-7.81), red meat (OR = 4.64, 95 % CI 3.10-6.95), and processed meat (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.22-2.59) were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Meat nutrients were directly associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR for cholesterol 5.61, 95 % CI 3.75-8.50). Moreover, both total meat and red meat displayed higher risks among obese patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that total and red meat and meat nutrients may play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer in Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Stefani
- Epidemiology Group, Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Maldonado, Uruguay E-mail :
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45
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Price AJ, Travis RC, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Barricarte Gurrea A, Bjørge T, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Chen C, Donovan J, Gislefoss R, Goodman G, Gunter M, Hamdy FC, Johansson M, King IB, Kühn T, Männistö S, Martin RM, Meyer K, Neal DE, Neuhouser ML, Nygård O, Stattin P, Tell GS, Trichopoulou A, Tumino R, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, de Vogel S, Vollset SE, Weinstein SJ, Key TJ, Allen NE. Circulating Folate and Vitamin B 12 and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from Six Cohorts Including 6875 Cases and 8104 Controls. Eur Urol 2016; 70:941-951. [PMID: 27061263 PMCID: PMC5094800 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate and vitamin B12 are essential for maintaining DNA integrity and may influence prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but the association with clinically relevant, advanced stage, and high-grade disease is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between circulating folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and risk of PCa overall and by disease stage and grade. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A study was performed with a nested case-control design based on individual participant data from six cohort studies including 6875 cases and 8104 controls; blood collection from 1981 to 2008, and an average follow-up of 8.9 yr (standard deviation 7.3). Odds ratios (ORs) of incident PCa by study-specific fifths of circulating folate and vitamin B12 were calculated using multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Incident PCa and subtype by stage and grade. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Higher folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with a small increase in risk of PCa (ORs for the top vs bottom fifths were 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.26], ptrend=0.018, for folate and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.25], ptrend=0.017, for vitamin B12), with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies. The association with folate varied by tumour grade (pheterogeneity<0.001); higher folate concentration was associated with an elevated risk of high-grade disease (OR for the top vs bottom fifth: 2.30 [95% CI, 1.28-4.12]; ptrend=0.001), with no association for low-grade disease. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in the association of folate with risk by stage or of vitamin B12 with risk by stage or grade of disease (pheterogeneity>0.05). Use of single blood-sample measurements of folate and B12 concentrations is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS The association between higher folate concentration and risk of high-grade disease, not evident for low-grade disease, suggests a possible role for folate in the progression of clinically relevant PCa and warrants further investigation. PATIENT SUMMARY Folate, a vitamin obtained from foods and supplements, is important for maintaining cell health. In this study, however, men with higher blood folate levels were at greater risk of high-grade (more aggressive) prostate cancer compared with men with lower folate levels. Further research is needed to investigate the possible role of folate in the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Price
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paul N Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Randi Gislefoss
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Population-based research, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Goodman
- Public Health Sciences Division, Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard M Martin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Medical Research Council/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, UK
| | | | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Par Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens, Greece; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stefan de Vogel
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Risk factors for prostate cancer have primarily mirrored risk proven risk factors for CVD, especially aggressive disease. Obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, unhealthy dietary habits or caloric excess, lack of physical activity, and inflammation are just some of these shared risk factors. The evidence also suggests proven CVD preventive measures are identical to prostate cancer preventive measures, especially in regard to aggressive disease. Thus, apart from lifestyle measures that can encourage optimal heart and prostate health there are potentially several dietary supplements that need to be avoided in healthy men because they may also increase the risk of prostate cancer. However, there are also several low-cost, generic, safe in the appropriate individuals, and naturally derived agents that could reduce prostate cancer risk, and these can be discussed and remembered utilizing the acronym S.A.M. (statins, aspirin, and/or metformin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Souirti Z, Loukili M, Soudy ID, Rtibi K, Özel A, Limas-Nzouzi N, El Ouezzani S, Eto B. Hibiscus sabdariffa increases hydroxocobalamin oral bioavailability and clinical efficacy in vitamin B 12 deficiency with neurological symptoms. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:568-576. [PMID: 27416488 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioavailability and clinical benefits of oral new formulation (HB12 ) of hydroxocobalamin (Hdrx) with Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS). First, in an observational study, a cohort of 30 vitamin B12 -deficient patients (vit B12 < 200 pg/mL) with neurological symptoms received oral fixed dose of Hdrx containing 15 mg Hdrx daily for 10 days followed by 15 mg monthly. Clinical benefits were evaluated on haematological and biochemical parameters, and neurological improvement at days 10 and 90 compared to day 0. To understand the mechanism, intestinal mucosa from mice were mounted in vitro in Ussing chambers to measure Hdrx Fluxes. In the clinical study, serum vitamin B12 level increased from 55.1 ± 36.9 to 1330 ± 335.5 pg/mL at day 10 and 431.0 ± 24.27 pg/mL at day 90, without overt adverse effects. In mice ileum, (i) intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in dose-dependent manner with HB12 . The apparent permeability of Hdrx was Papp = 34.9 ± 4.6 × 10-6 cm/s in the presence of 3 mg/mL (HB12 B) compared to the control Papp = 6.2 ± 0.7 × 10-6 cm/s. (ii) Total transepithelial electrical conductance (Gt ) increased in dose-dependent manner with HB12 , Gt = 161.5 ± 10.8 mS/cm² with HB12 B (Hdrx 1 mg + HS 3 mg) compared to the control Hdrx, Gt = 28.7 ± 4.0 mS/cm². In conclusion, the clinical study suggests that injections are not required when Hdrx is given orally. Intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in vitro when it was used concomitantly with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhayr Souirti
- Neurology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Route de Sidi Harem, 30000 Fez, Morocco.,Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route de Sidi Harem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Mouna Loukili
- Neurology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Route de Sidi Harem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Imar D Soudy
- TransCell-Lab Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, University of Paris Diderot - Paris 7, 75890 Paris Cedex 18, France.,Biotechnopôle IRED, Ndjaména and Institut Universitaire des Sciences et Techniques d'Abéché, B.P. 433 N'Djaména, Tchad
| | - Kaies Rtibi
- TransCell-Lab Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, University of Paris Diderot - Paris 7, 75890 Paris Cedex 18, France.,Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Aslihan Özel
- TransCell-Lab Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, University of Paris Diderot - Paris 7, 75890 Paris Cedex 18, France
| | - Nicolas Limas-Nzouzi
- TransCell-Lab Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, University of Paris Diderot - Paris 7, 75890 Paris Cedex 18, France
| | - Seloua El Ouezzani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, B.P. 1796, Fès - Atlas - Morocco
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, University of Paris Diderot - Paris 7, 75890 Paris Cedex 18, France
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Ami N, Bernstein M, Boucher F, Rieder M, Parker L. Folate and neural tube defects: The role of supplements and food fortification. Paediatr Child Health 2016; 21:145-54. [PMID: 27398055 DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periconceptional folic acid significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects. It is difficult to achieve optimal levels of folate by diet alone, even with fortification of flour, especially because flour consumption in Canada is slightly decreasing. Intermittent concerns have been raised concerning possible deleterious effects of folate supplementation, including the masking of symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency and an association with cancer, especially colorectal cancer. Both concerns have been disproved. The Canadian Paediatric Society endorses the following steps to enhance folate intake in women of child-bearing age: encouraging the consumption of folate-rich foods such as leafy vegetables, increasing the level of folate food fortification, taking a supplement containing folate and B12, and providing free folate supplementation to disadvantaged women of child-bearing age. These recommendations are consistent with those of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada.
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Awwad HM, Ohlmann C, Stoeckle M, Aziz R, Geisel J, Obeid R. Choline-phospholipids inter-conversion is altered in elderly patients with prostate cancer. Biochimie 2016; 126:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Moyad MA, Vogelzang NJ. Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:783-91. [PMID: 25657084 PMCID: PMC4577591 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.148070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]) have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Future trials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be “deficient” in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin (S.A.M.) are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent (s) to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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