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Rahman Z, Shaikh AS, Rao KV, Dandekar MP. Oxyberberine protects middle cerebral artery occlusion triggered cerebral injury through TLR4/NLRP3 pathway in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102393. [PMID: 38246265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a life-threatening health concern that leads to severe neurological complications and fatalities worldwide. Although timely intervention with clot-removing agents curtails serious post-stroke neurological dysfunctions, no effective neuroprotective intervention is available for addressing post-recanalization neuroinflammation. Herein, for the first time we studied the effect of oxyberberine (OBB), a derivative of berberine, on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-generated neurological consequences in Sprague-Dawley rats. The MCAO-operated rats exhibited significant somatosensory and sensorimotor dysfunctions in adhesive removal, foot fault, paw whisker, and rotarod assays at 1 and 3 days post-surgery. These MCAO-generated neurological deficits were prevented in OBB-treated (50 and 100 mg/kg) rats, and also coincided with a smaller infarct area (in 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) and decreased neuronal death (in cresyl violet staining) in the ipsilateral hemisphere of these animals. The immunostaining of neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) and glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) also echoes the neuroprotective nature of OBB. The increased expression of neuroinflammatory and blood-brain barrier tight junction proteins like toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TRAF-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), pNF-κB, nNOS, ASC, and IKBα in the ipsilateral part of MCAO-operated rats were restored to normal following OBB treatment. We also observed the decline in plasma levels/mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-1β, NLRP3, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and increased expression of occludin and claudin in OBB-treated rats. These outcomes imply that OBB may prevent the MCAO-induced neurological consequences and neuroinflammation by interfering with TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arbaz Sujat Shaikh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K Venkata Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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2
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He Q, Wang Y, Fang C, Feng Z, Yin M, Huang J, Ma Y, Mo Z. Advancing stroke therapy: A deep dive into early phase of ischemic stroke and recanalization. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14634. [PMID: 38379112 PMCID: PMC10879038 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, accounting for the majority of stroke events, significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality. Vascular recanalization therapies, namely intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, have emerged as critical interventions, yet their success hinges on timely application and patient-specific factors. This review focuses on the early phase pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke and the nuances of recanalization. It highlights the dual role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair, and the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in stroke outcomes. Special emphasis is placed on ischemia-reperfusion injury, characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which paradoxically exacerbates cerebral damage post-revascularization. The review also explores the potential of targeting molecular pathways involved in BBB integrity and inflammation to enhance the efficacy of recanalization therapies. By synthesizing current research, this paper aims to provide insights into optimizing treatment protocols and developing adjuvant neuroprotective strategies, thereby advancing stroke therapy and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChina
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Cheng Fang
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ziying Feng
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meifang Yin
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Juyang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Yinzhong Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Zhizhun Mo
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalThe Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhenGuangdongChina
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Furman M, Sihotsky V, Virag M, Kopolovets I, Nemethova M, Mucha R. Quantitative analysis of selected genetic markers of induced brain stroke ischemic tolerance detected in human blood. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148590. [PMID: 37739332 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A brain stroke is a serious disease and the second leading cause of death in the European Union. Carotid stenosis accounts for 15% of all ischemic cerebral strokes. However, there is currently no effective screening for carotid disease. Analysis of the DNA from peripheral blood is increasingly being used for several disease diagnoses. The potentially beneficial therapeutic method of inducing tissue tolerance to ischemia has so far been studied mainly in animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the gene expression of selected markers of brain ischemia during carotid endarterectomy, considered in this study as an activator of ischemic tolerance. During the carotid endarterectomy, there is a short-term occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Using the RT-qPCR method, we detected changes in the early identified gene markers of brain ischemia (ADM, CDKN1A, GADD45G, IL6, TM4SF1) in peripheral blood during sub lethal cerebral ischemia caused by carotid endarterectomy. Patients underwenting surgical procedure were divided into three groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and those who underwent carotid endarterectomy after an acute stroke. The results were compared to a negative/control group. Carotid endarterectomy had an impact on the expression of all monitored biomarkers. We observed statistically significant changes (p value 0.05-0.001) when comparing the groups among themselves, as well as the presence of ischemic tolerance of brain tissue to ischemic attacks. In conclusion, ADM, GADD45G, and TM4SF1 were affected in symptomatic patients, GADD45G and IL6 in acute patients, and CDKN1A and ADM in asymptomatic group after application of carotid endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Furman
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Sihotsky
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Virag
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Kopolovets
- Eastern Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Ondavska 8, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Nemethova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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Liu Y, Dong J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Regulatory T cells: A suppressor arm in post-stroke immune homeostasis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 189:106350. [PMID: 37952680 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the immune system and the onset of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses play crucial roles in the pathophysiological processes of ischaemic stroke (IS). CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is the main immunosuppressive cell population that is studied in the context of peripheral tolerance, autoimmunity, and the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In recent years, more studies have focused on immune modulation after IS, and Treg cells have been demonstrated to be essential in the remission of inflammation, nerve regeneration, and behavioural recovery. However, the exact effects of Treg cells in the context of IS remain controversial, with some studies suggesting a negative correlation with stroke outcomes. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of Treg cell involvement in post-stroke homeostasis. We summarized the literature focusing on the temporal changes in Treg cell populations after IS, the mechanisms of Treg cell-mediated immunomodulation in the brain, and the potential of Treg cell-based therapies for treatment. The purposes of the current article are to address the importance of Treg cells and inspire more studies to help physicians, as well as scientists, understand the whole map of immune responses during IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Rahman Z, Ghuge S, Dandekar MP. Partial blood replacement ameliorates middle cerebral artery occlusion generated neurological aberrations by intervening TLR4 and NLRP3 cascades in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2339-2354. [PMID: 37402080 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a catastrophic medical condition that causes severe disability and mortality if the sufferer escapes treatment within a stipulated timeframe. While timely intervention with clot-bursting agents like tissue-plasminogen activators abrogates some post-stroke neurologic deficits, no neuroprotective therapy is yet promisingly addresses the post-recanalization neuroinflammation in post-stroke survivors. Herein, we investigated the effect of partial blood replacement therapy (BRT), obtained from healthy and treadmill-trained donor rats, on neurological deficits, and peripheral and central inflammatory cascades using the ischemia-reperfusion animal paradigm. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced in rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. Rats underwent MCAO surgery displayed remarkable sensorimotor and motor deficits in rotarod, foot fault, adhesive removal, and paw whisker tests till 5 days post-surgery. These behavior abnormalities were ameliorated in the BRT-recipient MCAO rats. BRT also reduced the infarct volume and neuronal death in the ipsilateral hemisphere revealed by TTC and cresyl violet staining compared to the MCAO group. Rats received BRT infusion exhibited the reduced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1), and MyD88 on day 5 post-MCAO in immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent assays. Moreover, elevated levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and NLRP3, and decreased levels of zonula occludens-1 in MCAO rats, were reversed following BRT. These findings suggest that the partial BRT may rescind MCAO-induced neurological dysfunctions and cerebral injury by intervening in the TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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Amini H, Knepp B, Rodriguez F, Jickling GC, Hull H, Carmona-Mora P, Bushnell C, Ander BP, Sharp FR, Stamova B. Early peripheral blood gene expression associated with good and poor 90-day ischemic stroke outcomes. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 36691064 PMCID: PMC9869610 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified early immune gene responses in peripheral blood associated with 90-day ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from the CLEAR trial IS patients at ≤ 3 h, 5 h, and 24 h after stroke were compared to vascular risk factor matched controls. Whole-transcriptome analyses identified genes and networks associated with 90-day IS outcome assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). RESULTS The expression of 467, 526, and 571 genes measured at ≤ 3, 5 and 24 h after IS, respectively, were associated with poor 90-day mRS outcome (mRS ≥ 3), while 49, 100 and 35 genes at ≤ 3, 5 and 24 h after IS were associated with good mRS 90-day outcome (mRS ≤ 2). Poor outcomes were associated with up-regulated genes or pathways such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-1, STAT3, S100A12, acute phase response, P38/MAPK, FGF, TGFA, MMP9, NF-kB, Toll-like receptor, iNOS, and PI3K/AKT. There were 94 probe sets shared for poor outcomes vs. controls at all three time-points that correlated with 90-day mRS; 13 probe sets were shared for good outcomes vs. controls at all three time-points; and 46 probe sets were shared for poor vs. good outcomes at all three time-points that correlated with 90-day mRS. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed modules significantly associated with 90-day outcome for mRS and NIHSS. Poor outcome modules were enriched with up-regulated neutrophil genes and with down-regulated T cell, B cell and monocyte-specific genes; and good outcome modules were associated with erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. Finally, genes identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to contain significant stroke risk loci or loci associated with stroke outcome including ATP2B, GRK5, SH3PXD2A, CENPQ, HOXC4, HDAC9, BNC2, PTPN11, PIK3CG, CDK6, and PDE4DIP were significantly differentially expressed as a function of stroke outcome in the current study. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the immune response after stroke may impact functional outcomes and that some of the early post-stroke gene expression markers associated with outcome could be useful for predicting outcomes and could be targets for improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Amini
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Bodie Knepp
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDivision of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Heather Hull
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Paulina Carmona-Mora
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Cheryl Bushnell
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC USA
| | - Bradley P. Ander
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Frank R. Sharp
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- grid.413079.80000 0000 9752 8549Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, MIND Institute Biosciences Building Room 2417, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA USA
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Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) encompasses a broad clinical spectrum united by pathology of the small vessels of the brain. CSVD is commonly identified using brain magnetic resonance imaging with well characterized markers including covert infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds. The pathophysiology of CSVD is complex involving genetic determinants, environmental factors, and their interactions. While the role of vascular risk factors in CSVD is well known and its management is pivotal in mitigating the clinical effects, recent research has identified novel genetic factors involved in CSVD. Delineating genetic determinants can promote the understanding of the disease and suggest effective treatments and preventive measures of CSVD at the individual level. Here we review CSVD focusing on recent advances in the genetics of CSVD. The knowledge gained has advanced understanding of the pathophysiology of CSVD, offered promising early results that may improve subtype identification of small vessel strokes, has led to additional identification of mendelian forms of small vessel strokes, and is getting closer to influencing clinical care through pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwaj Bhagat
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sandro Marini
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José R. Romero
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: José R. Romero,
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Li W, Shao C, Zhou H, Du H, Chen H, Wan H, He Y. Multi-omics research strategies in ischemic stroke: A multidimensional perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101730. [PMID: 36087702 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disorder with high rate of death and long-term impairment. Despite years of studies, there are still no stroke biomarkers for clinical practice, and the molecular mechanisms of stroke remain largely unclear. The high-throughput omics approach provides new avenues for discovering biomarkers of IS and explaining its pathological mechanisms. However, single-omics approaches only provide a limited understanding of the biological pathways of diseases. The integration of multiple omics data means the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites, revealing networks of interactions between multiple molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics approaches will provide helpful insights into stroke pathogenesis, therapeutic target identification and biomarker discovery. Here, we consider advances in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and outline their use in discovering the biomarkers and pathological mechanisms of IS. We then delineate strategies for achieving integration at the multi-omics level and discuss how integrative omics and systems biology can contribute to our understanding and management of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Chongyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haixia Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haiyang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Falcione S, Munsterman D, Joy T, Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Sykes G, Jickling G. Association of Thrombin Generation With Leukocyte Inflammatory Profile in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2022; 99:e1356-e1363. [PMID: 35790427 PMCID: PMC9576286 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thrombosis is central to the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke, with higher thrombin generation being associated with increased stroke risk. The immune system may contribute to thrombin generation in stroke and thus may offer novel strategies for stroke prevention. This study addresses the research question regarding the relationship of thrombin generation to leukocyte gene expression in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We isolated RNA from whole blood and examined the relationship to thrombin generation capacity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Due to its effects on thrombin generation, patients on anticoagulants were excluded from the study. The relationship of gene expression with peak thrombin was evaluated by analysis of covariance across peak thrombin quartiles adjusted for sex and age. RESULTS In 97 patients with acute ischemic stroke, peak thrombin was variable, ranging from 252.0 to 752.4 nM. Increased peak thrombin was associated with differences in thromboinflammatory leukocyte gene expression, including a decrease in ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 and an increase in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-activating protein, protein disulfide isomerase family A member 5, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2. Pathways associated with peak thrombin included interleukin 6 signaling, thrombin signaling, and NF-κB signaling. A linear discriminant analysis model summarizing the immune activation associated with peak thrombin in a first cohort of stroke could distinguish patients with low peak thrombin from high peak thrombin in a second cohort of 112 patients with acute ischemic stroke. DISCUSSION The identified genes and pathways support a role of the immune system contributing to thrombus formation in patients with stroke. These may have relevance to antithrombotic strategies for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Falcione
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Danielle Munsterman
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Twinkle Joy
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gina Sykes
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glen Jickling
- From the Division of Neurology (S.F., D.M., T.J., G.S., G.J.), Department of Medicine, and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (J.K.-T.), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Fathima N, Manorenj S, Vishwakarma SK, Khan AA. Role of cell-free DNA for predicting incidence and outcome of patients with ischemic stroke. World J Neurol 2022; 8:1-9. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke remains a critical challenge in clinical settings. A blood biomarker can be a promising quantitative tool to represent the clinical manifestations in ischemic stroke. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has recently turned out to be a popular circulating biomarker due to its potential relevance for diagnostic applications in a variety of disorders. Despite bright outlook of cfDNA in clinical applications, very less is known about its origin, composition, or function. Several recent studies have identified cell-derived mitochondrial components including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the extracellular spaces including blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the time course of alterations in plasma mtDNA concentrations in patients after an ischemic stroke is poorly understood. DNA is thought to be freed into the plasma shortly after the commencement of an ischemic stroke and then gradually decreased. However, the importance of cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) in ischemic stroke is still unknown. This review summarizes about the utility of biomarkers which has been standardized in clinical settings and role of cfDNA including cf-mtDNA as a non-invasive potential biomarker of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Fathima
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Sandhya Manorenj
- Department of Neurology, Princess Esra Hospital, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500002, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
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Dar MA, Arafah A, Bhat KA, Khan A, Khan MS, Ali A, Ahmad SM, Rashid SM, Rehman MU. Multiomics technologies: role in disease biomarker discoveries and therapeutics. Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:76-96. [PMID: 35809340 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical research has been revolutionized after the publication of the full human genome. This was the major landmark that paved the way for understanding the biological functions of different macro and micro molecules. With the advent of different high-throughput technologies, biomedical research was further revolutionized. These technologies constitute genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. Collectively, these high-throughputs are referred to as multi-omics technologies. In the biomedical field, these omics technologies act as efficient and effective tools for disease diagnosis, management, monitoring, treatment and discovery of certain novel disease biomarkers. Genotyping arrays and other transcriptomic studies have helped us to elucidate the gene expression patterns in different biological states, i.e. healthy and diseased states. Further omics technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics have an important role in predicting the role of different biological molecules in an organism. It is because of these high throughput omics technologies that we have been able to fully understand the role of different genes, proteins, metabolites and biological pathways in a diseased condition. To understand a complex biological process, it is important to apply an integrative approach that analyses the multi-omics data in order to highlight the possible interrelationships of the involved biomolecules and their functions. Furthermore, these omics technologies offer an important opportunity to understand the information that underlies disease. In the current review, we will discuss the importance of omics technologies as promising tools to understand the role of different biomolecules in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. SUMMARY POINTS
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Ibanez L, Heitsch L, Carrera C, Farias FHG, Del Aguila JL, Dhar R, Budde J, Bergmann K, Bradley J, Harari O, Phuah CL, Lemmens R, Viana Oliveira Souza AA, Moniche F, Cabezas-Juan A, Arenillas JF, Krupinksi J, Cullell N, Torres-Aguila N, Muiño E, Cárcel-Márquez J, Marti-Fabregas J, Delgado-Mederos R, Marin-Bueno R, Hornick A, Vives-Bauza C, Navarro RD, Tur S, Jimenez C, Obach V, Segura T, Serrano-Heras G, Chung JW, Roquer J, Soriano-Tarraga C, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Mola-Caminal M, Pera J, Lapicka-Bodzioch K, Derbisz J, Davalos A, Lopez-Cancio E, Muñoz L, Tatlisumak T, Molina C, Ribo M, Bustamante A, Sobrino T, Castillo-Sanchez J, Campos F, Rodriguez-Castro E, Arias-Rivas S, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Herbosa C, Ford AL, Gutierrez-Romero A, Uribe-Pacheco R, Arauz A, Lopes-Cendes I, Lowenkopf T, Barboza MA, Amini H, Stamova B, Ander BP, Sharp FR, Kim GM, Bang OY, Jimenez-Conde J, Slowik A, Stribian D, Tsai EA, Burkly LC, Montaner J, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Lee JM, Cruchaga C. Multi-ancestry GWAS reveals excitotoxicity associated with outcome after ischaemic stroke. Brain 2022; 145:2394-2406. [PMID: 35213696 PMCID: PMC9890452 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first hours after stroke onset, neurological deficits can be highly unstable: some patients rapidly improve, while others deteriorate. This early neurological instability has a major impact on long-term outcome. Here, we aimed to determine the genetic architecture of early neurological instability measured by the difference between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within 6 h of stroke onset and NIHSS at 24 h. A total of 5876 individuals from seven countries (Spain, Finland, Poland, USA, Costa Rica, Mexico and Korea) were studied using a multi-ancestry meta-analyses. We found that 8.7% of NIHSS at 24 h of variance was explained by common genetic variations, and also that early neurological instability has a different genetic architecture from that of stroke risk. Eight loci (1p21.1, 1q42.2, 2p25.1, 2q31.2, 2q33.3, 5q33.2, 7p21.2 and 13q31.1) were genome-wide significant and explained 1.8% of the variability suggesting that additional variants influence early change in neurological deficits. We used functional genomics and bioinformatic annotation to identify the genes driving the association from each locus. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping and summary data-based Mendelian randomization indicate that ADAM23 (log Bayes factor = 5.41) was driving the association for 2q33.3. Gene-based analyses suggested that GRIA1 (log Bayes factor = 5.19), which is predominantly expressed in the brain, is the gene driving the association for the 5q33.2 locus. These analyses also nominated GNPAT (log Bayes factor = 7.64) ABCB5 (log Bayes factor = 5.97) for the 1p21.1 and 7p21.1 loci. Human brain single-nuclei RNA-sequencing indicates that the gene expression of ADAM23 and GRIA1 is enriched in neurons. ADAM23, a presynaptic protein and GRIA1, a protein subunit of the AMPA receptor, are part of a synaptic protein complex that modulates neuronal excitability. These data provide the first genetic evidence in humans that excitotoxicity may contribute to early neurological instability after acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Laura Heitsch
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Caty Carrera
- Stroke Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Jorge L Del Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Rajat Dhar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Chia Ling Phuah
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neuroscience, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Alessandro A Viana Oliveira Souza
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitaria, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), R. Tessalia Viera de Camargo, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Francisco Moniche
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabezas-Juan
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
- Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Arenillas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid, Valladolid University, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Jerzy Krupinksi
- Department of Neurology, Mutua Terrassa University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa 08221, Spain
- Fundacio Docencia i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa 08221, Spain
| | - Natalia Cullell
- Fundacio Docencia i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa 08221, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Nuria Torres-Aguila
- Fundacio Docencia i Recerca Mutua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa 08221, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Elena Muiño
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Jara Cárcel-Márquez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Joan Marti-Fabregas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Raquel Delgado-Mederos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marin-Bueno
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Alejandro Hornick
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois Healthcare Memorial Hospital of Carbondale, Carbondale 62901, IL, USA
| | | | - Rosa Diaz Navarro
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma 07120, Spain
| | - Silvia Tur
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma 07120, Spain
| | - Carmen Jimenez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma 07120, Spain
| | - Victor Obach
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Tomas Segura
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Gemma Serrano-Heras
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete 02008, Spain
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Carol Soriano-Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Eva Giralt-Steinhauer
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marina Mola-Caminal
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Derbisz
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Antoni Davalos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Elena Lopez-Cancio
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Muñoz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Molina
- Stroke Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marc Ribo
- Stroke Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bustamante
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Jose Castillo-Sanchez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodriguez-Castro
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Susana Arias-Rivas
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Christina Herbosa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | - Andria L Ford
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis 63110, MO, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Uribe-Pacheco
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirurgia de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Antonio Arauz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirurgia de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitaria, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (BRAINN), R. Tessalia Viera de Camargo, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Theodore Lowenkopf
- Department of Neurology, Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, Portland 97225, OR, USA
| | - Miguel A Barboza
- Neurosciences Department, Hospital Rafael A. Calderon Guardia, Aranjuez, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Hajar Amini
- Department of Neurology and MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology and MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology and MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, USA
| | - Gyeong Moon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jordi Jimenez-Conde
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Daniel Stribian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ellen A Tsai
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge 02142, MA, USA
| | - Linda C Burkly
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disease Research Unit, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge 02142, MA, USA
| | - Joan Montaner
- Stroke Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain
- Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Israel Fernandez-Cadenas
- Stroke Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Jin Moo Lee
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Jin-Moo Lee School of Medicine, Washington University 660 South Euclid Avenue Campus Box 8111 St. Louis, MO 63110, USA E-mail:
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Correspondence to: Carlos Cruchaga School of Medicine, Washington University 660 South Euclid Avenue Campus Box 8134 Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA E-mail:
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Abbasi-Habashi S, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Immune Modulation as a Key Mechanism for the Protective Effects of Remote Ischemic Conditioning After Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:746486. [PMID: 34956045 PMCID: PMC8695500 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.746486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which involves a series of short cycles of ischemia in an organ remote to the brain (typically the limbs), has been shown to protect the ischemic penumbra after stroke and reduce ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Although the exact mechanism by which this protective signal is transferred from the remote site to the brain remains unclear, preclinical studies suggest that the mechanisms of RIC involve a combination of circulating humoral factors and neuronal signals. An improved understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate translation to more effective treatment strategies in clinical settings. In this review, we will discuss potential protective mechanisms in the brain and cerebral vasculature associated with RIC. We will discuss a putative role of the immune system and circulating mediators of inflammation in these protective processes, including the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory genes in peripheral immune cells that may influence the outcome. We will also review the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), biological vectors capable of delivering cell-specific cargo such as proteins and miRNAs to cells, in modulating the protective effects of RIC in the brain and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Abbasi-Habashi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Furman M, Nemethova M, Macakova L, Sihotsky V, Kopolovets I, Berek P, Virag M, Mucha R. Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning. Mol Biol Rep 2021. [PMID: 34766231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stroke is an acute damage to a certain area of a nerve tissue of the brain. In developed countries, it ranks second among the most often causes of death and is also the leading cause of disability. Recent findings emphasize the significant neuroprotective effect of conditioning on the course and rate of recovery after ischemic attack; however the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by conditioning is still not completely explored. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this study is an identification of changes in gene expression induced by stimulation of reaction cascades after activation of the neuroprotective mechanism using an experimental rat model of global ischemia. The induction of neuroprotective cascades was stimulated by the application of early and delayed form of remote ischemic postconditioning. The quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to assess the rate of change in ADM, BDNF, CDKN1A, CREB, GADD45G, IL6, nNOS, and TM4SF1 gene expression levels 72 h after ischemic attack. The detected results confirm the neuroprotective effect of both forms of postconditioning. Participation of neuroprotection-related gene expression changes was observed once as an early one (CREB, GADD45G), once as a delayed one (ADM, IL6), or both (BDNF, CDKN1A, nNOS, TM4SF1) postconditioning forms, depending on the particular gene. CONCLUSIONS Our results characterize impact of ischemic tolerance on the molecular level. We predict ischemic tolerance to be consisted of complex combination of early and delayed remote postconditioning.
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Jurkiewicz MM, Mueller-Alcazar A, Moser DA, Jayatilaka I, Mikhailik A, Ferri J, Fogelman N, Canli T. Integrated microRNA and mRNA gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to acute psychosocial stress: a repeated-measures within-subject pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:222. [PMID: 34082815 PMCID: PMC8176593 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of psychosocial stress on a variety of negative health outcomes is well documented, with current research efforts directed at possible mechanisms. Here, we focused on a potential mechanism involving differential expression of mRNA and microRNA in response to acute psychosocial stress. We utilized a validated behavioral paradigm, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to induce acute psychosocial stress in a cohort of volunteers. Stress reactivity was assessed repeatedly during the TSST using saliva samples that were analyzed for levels of cortisol. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from blood drawn at baseline and at two time points following the stress paradigm. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA and microRNA microarrays were utilized to assess within-subject changes in gene expression between baseline and the two post-stressor time points. RESULTS For microarray gene expression analysis, we focused on 12 participants who showed a robust cortisol response to the task, as an indicator of robust HPA-axis activation. We discovered a set of mRNAs and miRNAs that exhibited dynamic expression change in response to the TSST in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, further characterizing the link between psychosocial stress and cellular response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maria Jurkiewicz
- Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Personalized Genomic Medicine/Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anett Mueller-Alcazar
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Alexander Moser
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Indralatha Jayatilaka
- Deptartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly Mikhailik
- Deptartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Ferri
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Marshall Medical Center, Placerville, CA, USA
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Turhan Canli
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Zhao X, Chen X, Wu X, Zhu L, Long J, Su L, Gu L. Machine Learning Analysis of MicroRNA Expression Data Reveals Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105825. [PMID: 34022583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circulating microRNAs have a potential as minimally invasive biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. In this study, we sought to use different machine learning algorithms to identify an optimal model of microRNA by integrating the expression data of pre-selected microRNAs for discriminating patients with IS from controls. METHODS The expression level of microRNAs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with IS and 50 matched controls were assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural network, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and support vector machine (SVM) were employed via R 3.6.3 software to establish diagnostic models for IS. RESULTS The IS group had significantly increased expression levels of miR-19a (P < 0.001), miR-148a (P < 0.001), miR-320d (P = 0.003), and miR-342-3p (P < 0.001) compared with the control group. MiR-148a, miR-342-3p, miR-19a, and miR-320d yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.872, 0.844, 0.721, and 0.673, respectively, with 0.740, 0.940, 0.740, and 0.840 sensitivity and 0.920, 0.640, 0.600, and 0.440 specificity, respectively. Model miR-148a + miR-342-3p + miR-19a had the best predictive value when analyzed via SVM algorithm with AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values of 0.958, 0.937, and 0.889, respectively. CONCLUSION The diagnostic value of the combination of miR-148a, miR-342-3p, and miR-19a through SVM algorithm has the potential to serve as a feasible approach to promote the diagnosis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine.
| | - Xingmei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine.
| | - Xulong Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University.
| | - Lulu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University.
| | - Jianxiong Long
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases.
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases.
| | - Lian Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine.
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Ramiro L, García-Berrocoso T, Briansó F, Goicoechea L, Simats A, Llombart V, Gonzalo R, Hainard A, Martínez-Saez E, Canals F, Sanchez JC, Sánchez-Pla A, Montaner J. Integrative Multi-omics Analysis to Characterize Human Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4107-21. [PMID: 33939164 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability. A better comprehension of stroke pathophysiology is fundamental to reduce its dramatic outcome. The use of high-throughput unbiased omics approaches and the integration of these data might deepen the knowledge of stroke at the molecular level, depicting the interaction between different molecular units. We aimed to identify protein and gene expression changes in the human brain after ischemia through an integrative approach to join the information of both omics analyses. The translational potential of our results was explored in a pilot study with blood samples from ischemic stroke patients. Proteomics and transcriptomics discovery studies were performed in human brain samples from six deceased stroke patients, comparing the infarct core with the corresponding contralateral brain region, unveiling 128 proteins and 2716 genes significantly dysregulated after stroke. Integrative bioinformatics analyses joining both datasets exposed canonical pathways altered in the ischemic area, highlighting the most influential molecules. Among the molecules with the highest fold-change, 28 genes and 9 proteins were selected to be validated in five independent human brain samples using orthogonal techniques. Our results were confirmed for NCDN, RAB3C, ST4A1, DNM1L, A1AG1, A1AT, JAM3, VTDB, ANXA1, ANXA2, and IL8. Finally, circulating levels of the validated proteins were explored in ischemic stroke patients. Fluctuations of A1AG1 and A1AT, both up-regulated in the ischemic brain, were detected in blood along the first week after onset. In summary, our results expand the knowledge of ischemic stroke pathology, revealing key molecules to be further explored as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Abstract
Acute brain injuries such as traumatic brain injury and stroke affect 85 million people a year worldwide, and many survivors suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, or psychosocial impairments. There are few FDA-approved therapies that are effective at preventing, halting, or ameliorating the state of disease in the brain after acute brain injury. To address this unmet need, one potential strategy is to leverage the unique physical and biological properties of nanomaterials. Decades of cancer nanomedicine research can serve as a blueprint for innovation in brain injury nanomedicines, both to emulate the successes and also to avoid potential pitfalls. In this review, we discuss how shared disease physiology between cancer and acute brain injuries can inform the design of novel nanomedicines for acute brain injuries. These disease hallmarks include dysregulated vasculature, an altered microenvironment, and changes in the immune system. We discuss several nanomaterial strategies that can be engineered to exploit these disease hallmarks, for example, passive accumulation, active targeting of disease-associated signals, bioresponsive designs that are "smart", and immune interactions.
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Falcione S, Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Sykes G, Jickling GC. RNA expression studies in stroke: what can they tell us about stroke mechanism? Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 33:24-9. [PMID: 31809333 DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diagnosis of stroke and understanding the mechanism of stroke is critical to implement optimal treatment. RNA expressed in peripheral blood cells is emerging as a precision biomarker to aid in stroke diagnosis and prediction of stroke cause. In this review, we summarize available data regarding the role of RNA to predict stroke, the rationale for these changes, and a discussion of novel mechanistic insight and clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS Differences in RNA gene expression in blood have been identified in patients with stroke, including differences to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, and differences between cardioembolic, large vessel atherosclerotic, and small vessel lacunar stroke cause. Gene expression differences show promise as novel stroke biomarkers to predict stroke of unclear cause (cryptogenic stroke). The differences in RNA expression provide novel insight to stroke mechanism, including the role of immune response and thrombosis in human stroke. Important insight to regulation of gene expression in stroke and its causes are being acquired, including alternative splicing, noncoding RNA, and microRNA. SUMMARY Improved diagnosis of stroke and determination of stroke cause will improve stroke treatment and prevention. RNA biomarkers show promise to aid in the diagnosis of stroke and cause determination, as well as providing novel insight to mechanism of stroke in patients. While further study is required, an RNA profile may one day be part of the stroke armamentarium with utility to guide acute stroke therapy and prevention strategies and refine stroke phenotype.
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Ibanez L, Heitsch L, Carrera C, Farias FHG, Dhar R, Budde J, Bergmann K, Bradley J, Harari O, Phuah CL, Lemmens R, Souza AAVO, Moniche F, Cabezas-Juan A, Arenillas JF, Krupinksi J, Cullell N, Torres-Aguila N, Muiño E, Cárcel-Márquez J, Marti-Fabregas J, Delgado-Mederos R, Marin-Bueno R, Hornick A, Vives-Bauza C, Navarro RD, Tur S, Jimenez C, Obach V, Segura T, Serrano-Heras G, Chung JW, Roquer J, Soriano-Tarraga C, Giralt-Steinhauer E, Mola-Caminal M, Pera J, Lapicka-Bodzioch K, Derbisz J, Davalos A, Lopez-Cancio E, Muñoz L, Tatlisumak T, Molina C, Ribo M, Bustamante A, Sobrino T, Castillo-Sanchez J, Campos F, Rodriguez-Castro E, Arias-Rivas S, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Herbosa C, Ford AL, Arauz A, Lopes-Cendes I, Lowenkopf T, Barboza MA, Amini H, Stamova B, Ander BP, Sharp FR, Kim GM, Bang OY, Jimenez-Conde J, Slowik A, Stribian D, Tsai EA, Burkly LC, Montaner J, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Lee JM, Cruchaga C. Multi-ancestry genetic study in 5,876 patients identifies an association between excitotoxic genes and early outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. medRxiv 2020:2020. [PMID: 33173895 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During the first hours after stroke onset neurological deficits can be highly unstable: some patients rapidly improve, while others deteriorate. This early neurological instability has a major impact on long-term outcome. Here, we aimed to determine the genetic architecture of early neurological instability measured by the difference between NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) within six hours of stroke onset and NIHSS at 24h (ΔNIHSS). A total of 5,876 individuals from seven countries (Spain, Finland, Poland, United States, Costa Rica, Mexico and Korea) were studied using a multi-ancestry meta-analyses. We found that 8.7% of ΔNIHSS variance was explained by common genetic variations, and also that early neurological instability has a different genetic architecture than that of stroke risk. Seven loci (2p25.1, 2q31.2, 2q33.3, 4q34.3, 5q33.2, 6q26 and 7p21.1) were genome-wide significant and explained 2.1% of the variability suggesting that additional variants influence early change in neurological deficits. We used functional genomics and bioinformatic annotation to identify the genes driving the association from each loci. eQTL mapping and SMR indicate that ADAM23 (log Bayes Factor (LBF)=6.34) was driving the association for 2q33.3. Gene based analyses suggested that GRIA1 (LBF=5.26), which is predominantly expressed in brain, is the gene driving the association for the 5q33.2 locus. These analyses also nominated PARK2 (LBF=5.30) and ABCB5 (LBF=5.70) for the 6q26 and 7p21.1 loci. Human brain single nuclei RNA-seq indicates that the gene expression of ADAM23 and GRIA1 is enriched in neurons. ADAM23 , a pre-synaptic protein, and GRIA1 , a protein subunit of the AMPA receptor, are part of a synaptic protein complex that modulates neuronal excitability. These data provides the first evidence in humans that excitotoxicity may contribute to early neurological instability after acute ischemic stroke. RESEARCH INTO CONTEXT Evidence before this study: No previous genome-wide association studies have investigated the genetic architecture of early outcomes after ischemic stroke.Added Value of this study: This is the first study that investigated genetic influences on early outcomes after ischemic stroke using a genome-wide approach, revealing seven genome-wide significant loci. A unique aspect of this genetic study is the inclusion of all of the major ethnicities by recruiting from participants throughout the world. Most genetic studies to date have been limited to populations of European ancestry.Implications of all available evidence: The findings provide the first evidence that genes implicating excitotoxicity contribute to human acute ischemic stroke, and demonstrates proof of principle that GWAS of acute ischemic stroke patients can reveal mechanisms involved in ischemic brain injury.
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Puig N, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Camps-Renom P, Benitez S. Search for Reliable Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Carotid Plaque Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8236. [PMID: 33153204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and the plaques from the internal carotid artery the most frequently involved. Lipoproteins play a key role in carotid atherosclerosis since lipid accumulation contributes to plaque progression and chronic inflammation, both factors leading to plaque vulnerability. Carotid revascularization to prevent future vascular events is reasonable in some patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. However, the degree of stenosis alone is not sufficient to decide upon the best clinical management in some situations. In this context, it is essential to further characterize plaque vulnerability, according to specific characteristics (lipid-rich core, fibrous cap thinning, intraplaque hemorrhage). Although these features can be partly detected by imaging techniques, identifying carotid plaque vulnerability is still challenging. Therefore, the study of circulating biomarkers could provide adjunctive criteria to predict the risk of atherothrombotic stroke. In this regard, several molecules have been found altered, but reliable biomarkers have not been clearly established yet. The current review discusses the concept of vulnerable carotid plaque, and collects existing information about putative circulating biomarkers, being particularly focused on lipid-related and inflammatory molecules.
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Ren X, Hu H, Farooqi I, Simpkins JW. Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4078. [PMID: 32843630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses that have not been treatable by any single medication. In this study, using a murine transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model, a novel therapeutic strategy is proposed, where blood replacement (BR) robustly reduces infarctions and improves neurological deficits in mice. Our analyses of immune cell subsets suggest that BR therapy substantially decreases neutrophils in blood following a stroke. Electrochemiluminescence detection demonstrates that BR therapy reduces cytokine storm in plasma and ELISA demonstrates reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the plasma and brains at different time points post-stroke. Further, we have demonstrated that the addition of MMP-9 to the blood diminishes the protective effect of the BR therapy. Our study is the first to show that BR therapy leads to profoundly improved stroke outcomes in mice and that the improved outcomes are mediated via MMP-9. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of stroke damage. Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits.
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Amini H, Shroff N, Stamova B, Ferino E, Carmona-Mora P, Zhan X, Sitorus PP, Hull H, Jickling GC, Sharp FR, Ander BP. Genetic variation contributes to gene expression response in ischemic stroke: an eQTL study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1648-1660. [PMID: 32785988 PMCID: PMC7480928 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to complex disorders such as ischemic stroke (IS). Since SNPs could affect IS by altering gene expression, we studied the association of common SNPs with changes in mRNA expression (i.e. expression quantitative trait loci; eQTL) in blood after IS. Methods RNA and DNA were isolated from 137 patients with acute IS and 138 vascular risk factor controls (VRFC). Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix HTA 2.0 microarrays and SNP variants were assessed with Axiom Biobank Genotyping microarrays. A linear model with a genotype (SNP) × diagnosis (IS and VRFC) interaction term was fit for each SNP‐gene pair. Results The eQTL interaction analysis revealed significant genotype × diagnosis interaction for four SNP‐gene pairs as cis‐eQTL and 70 SNP‐gene pairs as trans‐eQTL. Cis‐eQTL involved in the inflammatory response to IS included rs56348411 which correlated with neurogranin expression (NRGN), rs78046578 which correlated with CXCL10 expression, rs975903 which correlated with SMAD4 expression, and rs62299879 which correlated with CD38 expression. These four genes are important in regulating inflammatory response and BBB stabilization. SNP rs148791848 was a strong trans‐eQTL for anosmin‐1 (ANOS1) which is involved in neural cell adhesion and axonal migration and may be important after stroke. Interpretation This study highlights the contribution of genetic variation to regulating gene expression following IS. Specific inflammatory response to stroke is at least partially influenced by genetic variation. This has implications for progressing toward personalized treatment strategies. Additional research is required to investigate these genes as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Amini
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Natasha Shroff
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Eva Ferino
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Paulina Carmona-Mora
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Preston P Sitorus
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
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Steliga A, Kowiański P, Czuba E, Waśkow M, Moryś J, Lietzau G. Neurovascular Unit as a Source of Ischemic Stroke Biomarkers-Limitations of Experimental Studies and Perspectives for Clinical Application. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:553-579. [PMID: 31701356 PMCID: PMC7340668 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke, which is one of the most frequent causes of mortality and leading cause of disability in developed countries, often leads to devastating and irreversible brain damage. Neurological and neuroradiological diagnosis of stroke, especially in its acute phase, is frequently uncertain or inconclusive. This results in difficulties in identification of patients with poor prognosis or being at high risk for complications. It also makes difficult identification of these stroke patients who could benefit from more aggressive therapies. In contrary to the cardiovascular disease, no single biomarker is available for the ischemic stroke, addressing the abovementioned issues. This justifies the need for identifying of effective diagnostic measures characterized by high specificity and sensitivity. One of the promising avenues in this area is studies on the panels of biomarkers characteristic for processes which occur in different types and phases of ischemic stroke and represent all morphological constituents of the brains' neurovascular unit (NVU). In this review, we present the current state of knowledge concerning already-used or potentially applicable biomarkers of the ischemic stroke. We also discuss the perspectives for identification of biomarkers representative for different types and phases of the ischemic stroke, as well as for different constituents of NVU, which concentration levels correlate with extent of brain damage and patients' neurological status. Finally, a critical analysis of perspectives on further improvement of the ischemic stroke diagnosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steliga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kowiański
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Czuba
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Waśkow
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 64 Bohaterów Westerplatte St., 76-200, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Lietzau
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Montaner J, Ramiro L, Simats A, Tiedt S, Makris K, Jickling GC, Debette S, Sanchez JC, Bustamante A. Multilevel omics for the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for stroke. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:247-64. [PMID: 32322099 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite many years of research, no biomarkers for stroke are available to use in clinical practice. Progress in high-throughput technologies has provided new opportunities to understand the pathophysiology of this complex disease, and these studies have generated large amounts of data and information at different molecular levels. The integration of these multi-omics data means that thousands of proteins (proteomics), genes (genomics), RNAs (transcriptomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) can be studied simultaneously, revealing interaction networks between the molecular levels. Integrated analysis of multi-omics data will provide useful insight into stroke pathogenesis, identification of therapeutic targets and biomarker discovery. In this Review, we detail current knowledge on the pathology of stroke and the current status of biomarker research in stroke. We summarize how proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and genomics are all contributing to the identification of new candidate biomarkers that could be developed and used in clinical stroke management.
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Cheng X, Ander BP, Jickling GC, Zhan X, Hull H, Sharp FR, Stamova B. MicroRNA and their target mRNAs change expression in whole blood of patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:775-786. [PMID: 30966854 PMCID: PMC7168793 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19839501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed changes in mRNA levels in whole blood of rats and humans, and in miRNA in whole blood of rats following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Thus, this study assessed miRNA and their putative mRNA targets in whole blood of humans following ICH. Whole transcriptome profiling identified altered miRNA and mRNA levels in ICH patients compared to matched controls. Target mRNAs of the differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and functional analysis of the miRNA-mRNA targets was performed. Twenty-nine miRNAs (22 down, 7 up) and 250 target mRNAs (136 up, 114 down), and 7 small nucleolar RNA changed expression after ICH compared to controls (FDR < 0.05, and fold change ≥ |1.2|). These included Let7i, miR-146a-5p, miR210-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-221, miR-874, miR-17-3p, miR-378a-5p, miR-532-5p, mir-4707, miR-4450, mir-1183, Let-7d-3p, miR-3937, miR-4288, miR-4741, miR-92a-1-3p, miR-4514, mir-4658, mir-3689d-1, miR-4760-3p, and mir-3183. Pathway analysis showed regulated miRNAs/mRNAs were associated with toll-like receptor, natural killer cell, focal adhesion, TGF-β, phagosome, JAK-STAT, cytokine-cytokine receptor, chemokine, apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle, and RNA degradation signaling. Many of these pathways have been implicated in ICH. The differentially expressed miRNA and their putative mRNA targets and associated pathways may provide diagnostic biomarkers as well as point to therapeutic targets for ICH treatments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Ludhiadch A, Vasudeva K, Munshi A. Establishing molecular signatures of stroke focusing on omic approaches: a narrative review. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1250-1266. [PMID: 32075476 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stroke or 'brain attack' is considered to be the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide after myocardial infraction. Inspite of the years of research and clinical practice, the pathogenesis of stroke still remains incompletely understood. Omics approaches not only enable the description of a huge number of molecular platforms but also have a potential to recognize new factors associated with various complex disorders including stroke. The most significant development among all other omics technologies over the recent years has been seen by genomics which is a powerful tool for exploring the genetic architecture of stroke. Genomics has decisively established itself in stroke research and by now wealth of data has been generated providing new insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of stroke. However, the efficacy of genomic data is restricted to risk prediction only. Omics approaches not only enable the description of a huge number of molecular platforms but also have a potential to recognize new factors associated with various complex disorders including stroke. The data generated by omics technologies enables clinicians to provide detailed insight into the makeup of stroke in individual patients, which will further help in developing diagnostic procedures to direct therapies. Present review has been compiled with an aim to understand the potential of integrated omics approach to help in characterization of mechanisms leading to stroke, to predict the patient risk of getting stroke by analyzing signature biomarkers and to develop targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab
| | - Kanika Vasudeva
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab
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Pan X, Hu Z, Qin L, Han Y, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Dong W. Applying minimal RNA-seq of peripheral blood platelet mRNA to reveal novel biomarkers in male patients with cerebral stroke. Neuroreport 2020; 31:156-161. [PMID: 31842182 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is caused by the reduction or disruption of the blood supply to the brain, which results in cell death. Currently, the diagnosis of stroke is troublesome and expensive. In this study, samples of peripheral blood from eight male stroke patients and four male healthy controls were collected. RNA-seq of platelets was performed to detect the differential expression of mRNA in platelets isolated from the samples. Totally, 1091 (429 up-regulated and 662 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes were identified in patients with stroke compared with healthy controls. Analyses based on Gene Ontology and the KEGG pathway revealed that most annotated genes were involved in graft-versus-host disease, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathways, inflammation-related pathways, and so on. RNA expression levels of 15 inflammation-related genes were analyzed using qRT-PCR, especially egr2, which acts as a protector against stroke. In brief, RNA-seq analysis of platelets from all the samples indicated novel candidate genes and pathways that had the potential to be applied to clinical molecular diagnosis of stroke. Besides, this study provided insights into the function and underlying mechanism of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Gusu District, Suzhou.,Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Fengneng Pharmaceutical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., RM. A310, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xishan People's Hospital, Xishan District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Gusu District, Suzhou
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30
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PAN Z, HU X, ZHANG Y, LI L, HUANG P. [Identification of dynamic co-expression networks in peripheral blood of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:587-593. [PMID: 31955531 PMCID: PMC10412954 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the time dependent profiles of gene expression and featured co-expression network modules in peripheral blood of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Microarray GSE119121 from GEO database was analyzed by R language to identify the significantly changed genes in peripheral blood at different time points (0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h) after MCAO. Gene expression patterns at different time courses were screened by STEM tools. Then, function annotation and pathway enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed using the Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) database. Depending on CEMiTool package, gene expression profile matrix was inputted into R to construct the co-expression networks and to analyze modules, and enrichment analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the modules and different time points. RESULTS Comparing with gene at 0 h, the numbers of DEGs in peripheral blood at different time points after MCAO were 163 (1 h), 502 (2 h), 527 (3 h), 550 (6 h), and 75 (24 h), respectively. Moreover, a total of 38 gene expression patterns were enriched, and pattern 65 and pattern 34 were specifically up-regulated or down-regulated at 2-6 h. Hp, Nos2, P2ry10, and Klf12 were representative genes of these two models. The co-expression network module analysis showed that the gene status in the early acute phase (1-6 h) was positively correlated with the Module 2. Module 3 and Module 4 was positively correlated with phase phase 1-3 h and 2-6 h, respectively. Noteworthy, Module 6 gradually changed from positive correlation (0-2 h) to negative correlation (3-24 h) with the MCAO time course, and Module 6 was mainly related to viral response and innate immune response. The hub genes of Module 6 included Mx1, Mx2, and Rtp4. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified the featured genes and dynamic co-expression network modules in peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke, which provides a potential basis for judging the onset time of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li LI
- 通讯作者, emails: ;@zjcc.org.cn
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Cheng X, Ferino E, Hull H, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Smoking affects gene expression in blood of patients with ischemic stroke. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1748-1756. [PMID: 31436916 PMCID: PMC6764500 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-known risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), there is no data on how CS affects the blood transcriptome in IS patients. METHODS We recruited IS-current smokers (IS-SM), IS-never smokers (IS-NSM), control-smokers (C-SM), and control-never smokers (C-NSM). mRNA expression was assessed on HTA-2.0 microarrays and unique as well as commonly expressed genes identified for IS-SM versus IS-NSM and C-SM versus C-NSM. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-eight genes were differentially expressed in IS-SM versus IS-NSM; 100 genes were differentially expressed in C-SM versus C-NSM; and 10 genes were common to both IS-SM and C-SM (P < 0.01; |fold change| ≥ 1.2). Functional pathway analysis showed the 158 IS-SM-regulated genes were associated with T-cell receptor, cytokine-cytokine receptor, chemokine, adipocytokine, tight junction, Jak-STAT, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and adherens junction signaling. IS-SM showed more altered genes and functional networks than C-SM. INTERPRETATION We propose some of the 10 genes that are elevated in both IS-SM and C-SM (GRP15, LRRN3, CLDND1, ICOS, GCNT4, VPS13A, DAP3, SNORA54, HIST1H1D, and SCARNA6) might contribute to increased risk of stroke in current smokers, and some genes expressed by blood leukocytes and platelets after stroke in smokers might contribute to worse stroke outcomes that occur in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,Toxicology and Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eva Ferino
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, California
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California.,Toxicology and Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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32
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Ramsay L, Quillé ML, Orset C, de la Grange P, Rousselet E, Férec C, Le Gac G, Génin E, Timsit S. Blood transcriptomic biomarker as a surrogate of ischemic brain gene expression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1681-1695. [PMID: 31400065 PMCID: PMC6764628 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Blood biomarkers for cerebral tissue ischemia are lacking. The goal was to identify a blood transcriptomic signature jointly identified in the ischemic brain. Methods A nonhuman primate model with middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction was used to study gene expression by microarray during acute ischemic cerebral stroke in the brain and the blood. Brain samples were collected in the infarcted and contralateral non‐infarcted cortex as well as blood samples before and after occlusion. Gene expression was compared between the two brain locations to find differentially expressed genes. The expressions of these genes were then compared in the blood pre‐ and post‐occlusion. Results Hierarchical clustering of brain expression data revealed strong independent clustering of ischemic and nonischemic brain samples. The top five enriched, up‐regulated gene sets in the brain were TNF α signaling, apoptosis, P53 pathway, hypoxia, and UV response up. A comparison of differentially expressed genes in the brain and blood revealed a significant overlap of gene expression patterns. Stringent analysis of blood expression data from pre‐ and post‐occlusion samples in each monkey identified nine genes highly differentially expressed in both the brain and the blood. Many of these up‐regulated genes belong to pathways involved in cell death and DNA damage repair. Interpretation Common gene expression profile can be identified in the brain and blood and clearly differentiates ischemic from nonischemic conditions. Therefore, specific blood transcriptomic signature may represent a surrogate for brain ischemic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn Ramsay
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Lise Quillé
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- Department of Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, INSERM U1237, University Caen Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | | | - Estelle Rousselet
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Claude Férec
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Gérald Le Gac
- Inserm U1078, Université Bretagne Loire Université de Bretagne Occidentale, IBSAM, Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire et Histocompatibilité, CHRU de Brest, Hopital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuelle Génin
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Serge Timsit
- UMR 1078 Genetics, Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Inserm, Université de Brest, EFS, CHU de Brest, Brest, France.,Neurology and Stroke Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU), Brest, France.,Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Brest, France
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Theofilatos K, Korfiati A, Mavroudi S, Cowperthwaite MC, Shpak M. Discovery of stroke-related blood biomarkers from gene expression network models. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31391037 PMCID: PMC6686563 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying molecular biomarkers characteristic of ischemic stroke has the potential to aid in distinguishing stroke cases from stroke mimicking symptoms, as well as advancing the understanding of the physiological changes that underlie the body’s response to stroke. This study uses machine learning-based analysis of gene co-expression to identify transcription patterns characteristic of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Mutual information values for the expression levels among 13,243 quantified transcripts were computed for blood samples from 82 stroke patients and 68 controls to construct a co-expression network of genes (separately) for stroke and control samples. Page rank centrality scores were computed for every gene; a gene’s significance in the network was assessed according to the differences in their network’s pagerank centrality between stroke and control expression patterns. A hybrid genetic algorithm – support vector machine learning tool was used to classify samples based on gene centrality in order to identify an optimal set of predictor genes for stroke while minimizing the number of genes in the model. Results A predictive model with 89.6% accuracy was identified using 6 network-central and differentially expressed genes (ID3, MBTPS1, NOG, SFXN2, BMX, SLC22A1), characterized by large differences in association network connectivity between stroke and control samples. In contrast, classification models based solely on individual genes identified by significant fold-changes in expression level provided lower predictive accuracies: < 71% for any single gene, and even models with larger (10–25) numbers of gene transcript biomarkers gave lower predictive accuracies (≤ 82%) than the 6 network-based gene signature classification. miRNA:mRNA target prediction computational analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that are significantly associated with at least 2 of the 6 network-central genes. Conclusions Network-based models have the potential to identify a more statistically robust pattern of gene expression typical of acute ischemic stroke and to generate hypotheses about possible interactions among functionally relevant genes, leading to the identification of more informative biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0566-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seferina Mavroudi
- InSyBio: Intelligent Systems Biology, Austin, TX, USA.,Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, Patra, Greece
| | | | - Max Shpak
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. .,Fresh Pond Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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34
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O'Connell GC, Stafford P, Walsh KB, Adeoye O, Barr TL. High-Throughput Profiling of Circulating Antibody Signatures for Stroke Diagnosis Using Small Volumes of Whole Blood. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:868-877. [PMID: 30783962 PMCID: PMC6694452 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate stroke recognition during triage can streamline care and afford patients earlier access to life-saving interventions. However, the tools currently available to clinicians for prehospital and early in-hospital identification of stroke are limited. The peripheral immune system is intricately involved in stroke pathology and thus may be targetable for the development of immunodiagnostics. In this preliminary study, we sought to determine whether the circulating antibody pool is altered early in stroke, and whether such alterations could be leveraged for diagnosis. One hundred microliters of peripheral whole blood was sampled from 19 ischemic stroke patients, 17 hemorrhagic stroke patients, and 20 stroke mimics in the acute phase of care. A custom-fabricated high-density peptide array comprising 125,000 unique probes was used to assess the binding characteristics of blood-borne antibodies, and a random forest-based approach was used to select a parsimonious set of probes with an optimal ability to discriminate between groups. The coordinate antibody binding intensities of the top 17 probes identified in our analysis displayed an ability to differentiate the total pool of stroke patients from stroke mimics with 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity, as well as detect hemorrhage with 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity, as determined using a same-set cross-validation. These preliminary findings suggest that stroke-associated alterations in the circulating antibody pool may have clinical utility for diagnosis during triage, and that such a possibility warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C O'Connell
- School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-4904, USA.
| | - Phillip Stafford
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kyle B Walsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Gardner Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Gardner Neuroscience Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Taura L Barr
- Valtari Bio Incorporated, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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35
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Aleithe S, Blietz A, Mages B, Hobusch C, Härtig W, Michalski D. Transcriptional Response and Morphological Features of the Neurovascular Unit and Associated Extracellular Matrix After Experimental Stroke in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7631-7650. [PMID: 31089963 PMCID: PMC6815284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental stroke studies yielded insights into single reactions of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and associated extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the extent of simultaneous processes caused by ischemia and their underlying transcriptional changes are still poorly understood. Strictly following the NVU and ECM concept, this study explored transcriptional responses of cellular and non-cellular components as well as their morphological characteristics following ischemia. Mice were subjected to 4 or 24 h of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the neocortex and the striatum, cytoskeletal and glial elements as well as blood-brain barrier and ECM components were analyzed using real-time PCR. Western blot analyses allowed characterization of protein levels and multiple immunofluorescence labeling enabled morphological assessment. Out of 37 genes analyzed, the majority exhibited decreased mRNA levels in ischemic areas, while changes occurred as early as 4 h after ischemia. Down-regulated mRNA levels were predominantly localized in the neocortex, such as the structural elements α-catenin 2, N-cadherin, β-catenin 1, and βIII-tubulin, consistently decreasing 4 and 24 h after ischemia. However, a few genes, e.g., claudin-5 and Pcam1, exhibited increased mRNA levels after ischemia. For several components such as βIII-tubulin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin 1, matching transcriptional and immunofluorescence signals were obtained, whereas a few markers including neurofilaments exhibited opposite directions. In conclusion, the variety in gene regulation emphasizes the complexity of interactions within the ischemia-affected NVU and ECM. These data might help to focus future research on a set of highly sensitive elements, which might prospectively facilitate neuroprotective strategies beyond the traditional single target perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Aleithe
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Blietz
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bianca Mages
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constance Hobusch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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36
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Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Jickling GC. Blood Biomarkers for Stroke Diagnosis and Management. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:344-68. [PMID: 30830566 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are objective indicators used to assess normal or pathological processes, evaluate responses to treatment and predict outcomes. Many blood biomarkers already guide decision-making in clinical practice. In stroke, the number of candidate biomarkers is constantly increasing. These biomarkers include proteins, ribonucleic acids, lipids or metabolites. Although biomarkers have the potential to improve the diagnosis and the management of patients with stroke, there is currently no marker that has demonstrated sufficient sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, precision, and cost-effectiveness to be used in the routine management of stroke, thus highlighting the need for additional work. A better standardization of clinical, laboratory and statistical procedures between centers is indispensable to optimize biomarker performance. This review focuses on blood biomarkers that have shown promise for translation into clinical practice and describes some newly reported markers that could add to routine stroke care. Avenues for the discovery of new stroke biomarkers and future research are discussed. The description of the biomarkers is organized according to their expected application in clinical practice: diagnosis, treatment decision, and outcome prediction.
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37
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Zhao P, Li HX, Li DW, Hou YJ, Mao L, Yang M, Wang Y. A SERS nano-tag-based magnetic-separation strategy for highly sensitive immunoassay in unprocessed whole blood. Talanta 2019; 198:527-33. [PMID: 30876595 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Assay technologies capable of detecting biomarker concentrations in unprocessed whole blood samples are fundamental for applications in medical diagnostics. SERS nano-tags integrated magnetic-separation biosensor (MSB) was realized for the first time for immunoassay in whole blood. The reliability and sensitivity of this method rely, in a large extent, on the quality and properties of the SERS nano-tags. The constructed silicacoated Ag SERS nano-tags as labels were used in a rapid and specific MSB immune sensor to detect Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) in unprocessed blood samples. With fast screening ability and outstanding sensitivity, we anticipate that this method would greatly promote practical application of stroke-based early-stage cancer diagnosis.
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Sun J, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Li H, Yang M, Wang Y, Sun B. Multiplexed electrochemical and SERS dual-mode detection of stroke biomarkers: rapid screening with high sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a real-time assay for a highly sensitive, label-free, multiplexed electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) detection of stroke biomarkers by neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100-β protein was developed using lateral flow devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- Wonju Severance Christian Hospital
- Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
- Wonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
| | - Yajun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
| | - Baoliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Taian
- China
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O’Connell GC, Chang JH. Analysis of Early Stroke-induced Changes in Circulating Leukocyte Counts using Transcriptomic Deconvolution. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:161-166. [PMID: 30581599 PMCID: PMC6294043 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that stroke alters the phenotype of the peripheral immune system; better characterization of this response could provide new insights into stroke pathophysiology. In this investigation, we employed a deconvolution approach to informatically infer the cellular composition of the circulating leukocyte pool at multiple timepoints following stroke onset based on whole blood mRNA expression. Microarray data generated from the peripheral blood of 23 cardiovascular disease controls and 23 ischemic stroke patients at 3, 5, and 24 hours post-symptom onset were obtained from a public repository. Transcriptomic deconvolution was used to estimate the relative counts of nine leukocyte populations based on the expression of cell-specific transcripts, and cell counts were compared between groups across timepoints. Inferred counts of lymphoid cell populations including B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, γδ T-cells, and NK-cells were significantly lower in stroke samples relative to control samples. With respect to myeloid cell populations, inferred counts of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher in stroke samples compared to control samples, however inferred counts of eosinophils and dendritic cells were significantly lower. These collective differences were most dramatic in samples collected at 5 and 24 hours post-symptom onset. Findings were subsequently confirmed in a second dataset generated from an independent population of 24 controls and 39 ischemic stroke patients. Collectively, these results offer a comprehensive picture of the early stroke-induced changes to the complexion of the circulating leukocyte pool, and provide some of the first evidence that stroke triggers an acute decrease in eosinophil counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. O’Connell
- School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- E-mail:
| | - Julia H.C. Chang
- School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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40
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Dagonnier M, Wilson WJ, Favaloro JM, Rewell SSJ, Lockett LJ, Sastra SA, Jeffreys AL, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Howells DW. Hyperacute changes in blood mRNA expression profiles of rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion: Towards a stroke time signature. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206321. [PMID: 30439964 PMCID: PMC6237327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke evolution is a highly dynamic but variable disease which makes clinical decision making difficult. Biomarker discovery programs intended to aid clinical decision making have however largely ignored the rapidity of stroke evolution. We have used gene array technology to determine blood mRNA expression changes over the first day after stroke in rats. Blood samples were collected from 8 male spontaneously hypertensive rats at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24h post stroke induction by middle cerebral artery occlusion. RNA was extracted from whole blood stabilized in PAXgene tubes and mRNA expression was detected by oligonucleotide Affymetrix microarray. Using a pairwise comparison model, 1932 genes were identified to vary significantly over time (p≤0.5x10-7) within 24h after stroke. Some of the top20 most changed genes are already known to be relevant to the ischemic stroke physiopathology (e.g. Il-1R, Nos2, Prok2). Cluster analysis showed multiple stereotyped and time dependent profiles of gene expression. Direction and rate of change of expression for some profiles varied dramatically during these 24h. Profiles with potential clinical utility including hyper acute or acute transient upregulation (with expression peaking from 2 to 6h after stroke and normalisation by 24h) were identified. We found that blood gene expression varies rapidly and stereotypically after stroke in rats. Previous researchers have often missed the optimum time for biomarker measurement. Temporally overlapping profiles have the potential to provide a biological “stroke clock” able to tell the clinician how far an individual stroke has evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dagonnier
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - William John Wilson
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Margaret Favaloro
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Sarah Susan Jane Rewell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Linda Jane Lockett
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Andrew Sastra
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Amy Lucienne Jeffreys
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Helen Margaret Dewey
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Alan Donnan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - David William Howells
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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41
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Li Y, Zhu ZY, Huang TT, Zhou YX, Wang X, Yang LQ, Chen ZA, Yu WF, Li PY. The peripheral immune response after stroke-A double edge sword for blood-brain barrier integrity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1115-1128. [PMID: 30387323 PMCID: PMC6490160 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated interface that separates the peripheral circulation and the brain. It plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of solutes, fluid, and cells at the blood‐brain interface and maintaining the homeostasis of brain microenvironment for normal neuronal activity. Growing evidence has led to the realization that ischemic stroke elicits profound immune responses in the circulation and the activation of multiple subsets of immune cells, which in turn affect both the early disruption and the later repair of the BBB after stroke. Distinct phenotypes or subsets of peripheral immune cells along with diverse intracellular mechanisms contribute to the dynamic changes of BBB integrity after stroke. This review focuses on the interaction between the peripheral immune cells and the BBB after ischemic stroke. Understanding their reciprocal interaction may generate new directions for stroke research and may also drive the innovation of easy accessible immune modulatory treatment strategies targeting BBB in the pursuit of better stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Ai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Yoo H, Kim J, Lee AR, Lee JM, Kim OJ, Kim JK, Oh SH. Alteration of microRNA 340-5p and Arginase-1 Expression in Peripheral Blood Cells during Acute Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3211-21. [PMID: 30112629 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute stroke alters the systemic immune response as can be observed in peripheral blood; however, the molecular mechanism by which microRNA (miRNA) regulates target gene expression in response to acute stroke is unknown. We performed a miRNA microarray on the peripheral blood of 10 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 11 control subjects. Selected miRNAs were quantified using a TaqMan assay. After searching for putative targets from the selected miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis, functional studies including binding capacity and protein expression of the targets of the selected miRNAs were performed. The results reveal a total of 30 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (16 miRNAs were upregulated and 14 miRNAs were downregulated) during the acute phase of stroke. Using prediction analysis, we found that miR-340-5p was predicted to bind to the 3'-untranslated region of the arginase-1 (ARG1) gene; a luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding of miR-340-5p to ARG1. miR-340-5p was downregulated whereas ARG1 mRNA was upregulated in peripheral blood in patients experiencing acute stroke. Overexpression of miR-340-5p in human neutrophil and mouse macrophage cell lines induced downregulation of the ARG1 protein. Transfection with miR-340-5p increased nitric oxide production after LPS treatment in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results suggest that several miRNAs are dynamically altered in the peripheral blood during the acute phase of ischemic stroke, including miR-340-5p. Acute stroke induces the downregulation of miR-340-5p, which subsequently upregulates ARG1 protein expression.
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43
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Augello CJ, Noll JM, Distel TJ, Wainright JD, Stout CE, Ford BD. Identification of novel blood biomarker panels to detect ischemic stroke in patients and their responsiveness to therapeutic intervention. Brain Res 2018; 1698:161-169. [PMID: 30099039 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of blood biomarkers for stroke has been long considered an excellent method to determine the occurrence, timing, subtype, and severity of stroke. In this study, venous blood was obtained from ischemic stroke patients after stroke onset and compared with age and sex-matched controls. We used a multiplex panel of 37 inflammatory molecules, analyzed using Luminex MagPix technology, to identify the changes in plasma proteins after ischemic stroke. We identified eight key molecules that were altered within the blood of stroke patients as compared to controls. Plasma levels of interleukin 6 signal transducer (sIL-6Rβ/gp130), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), osteopontin, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were significantly higher in stroke patients compared to controls. Interferon-β, interleukin-28, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were decreased in plasma from stroke patients. No other immunological markers were significantly different between patient groups. When stroke patients were treated with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasma levels of interferon-α2 significantly increased while interleukin-2 and pentraxin-3 decreased. The discriminatory power of the molecules was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. According to ROC analysis, the best markers for distinguishing stroke occurrence were MMP-2 (AUC = 0.76, sensitivity 62.5%, specificity 88.5%), sTNF-R2 (AUC = 0.75, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 65.3%) and TSLP (AUC = 0.81, sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 96.2%). Multivariate logistic regression, used to evaluate the combination of proteins, identified a biomarker panel with high specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.96, sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 96.2%). These results indicate a novel set of blood biomarkers that could be used in a panel to identify stroke patients and their responsiveness to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Augello
- University of California - Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M Noll
- University of California - Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Timothy J Distel
- University of California - Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jolita D Wainright
- Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Charles E Stout
- University of California - Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States; Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Byron D Ford
- University of California - Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, United States.
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44
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O'Connell GC, Treadway MB, Tennant CS, Lucke-Wold N, Chantler PD, Barr TL. Shifts in Leukocyte Counts Drive the Differential Expression of Transcriptional Stroke Biomarkers in Whole Blood. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:26-35. [PMID: 29550910 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our group recently identified a panel of ten genes whose RNA expression levels in whole blood have utility for detection of stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which these genes become differentially expressed during stroke pathology. First, we assessed the transcriptional distribution of the ten genes across the peripheral immune system by measuring their expression levels on isolated neutrophils, monocytes, B-lymphocytes, CD-4+ T-lymphocytes, CD-8+ T-lymphocytes, and NK-cells generated from the blood of healthy donors (n = 3). Then, we examined the relationship between the whole-blood expression levels of the ten genes and white blood cell counts in a cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 36) and acute stroke mimics (n = 15) recruited at emergency department admission. All ten genes displayed strong patterns of lineage-specific expression in our analysis of isolated leukocytes, and their whole-blood expression levels were correlated with white blood cell differential across the total patient population, suggesting that many of them are likely differentially expressed in whole blood during stroke as an artifact of stroke-induced shifts in leukocyte counts. Specifically, factor analysis inferred that over 50% of the collective variance in their whole-blood expression levels across the patient population was driven by underlying variance in white blood cell counts alone. However, the cumulative expression levels of the ten genes displayed a superior ability to discriminate between stroke patients and stroke mimics relative to white blood cell differential, suggesting that additional less prominent factors influence their expression levels which add to their diagnostic utility. These findings not only provide insight regarding this particular panel of ten genes, but also into the results of prior stroke transcriptomics studies performed in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C O'Connell
- School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4904, USA.
| | - Madison B Treadway
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Connie S Tennant
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Noelle Lucke-Wold
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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45
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Dagonnier M, Cooke IR, Faou P, Sidon TK, Dewey HM, Donnan GA, Howells DW. Discovery and Longitudinal Evaluation of Candidate Biomarkers for Ischaemic Stroke by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. Biomark Insights 2017; 12:1177271917749216. [PMID: 29308009 PMCID: PMC5751906 DOI: 10.1177/1177271917749216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of acute therapies such as thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke (IS) is constrained because of diagnostic uncertainty and the dynamic nature of stroke biology. To investigate changes in blood proteins after stroke and as a result of thrombolysis treatment we performed label-free quantitative proteomics on serum samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry and long high-performance liquid chromatography gradient (5 hours) combined with a 50-cm column to optimise the peptide separation. We identified (false discovery rate [FDR]: 1%) and quantified a total of 574 protein groups from a total of 92 samples from 30 patients. Ten patients were treated by thrombolysis as part of a randomised placebo-controlled trial and up to 5 samples were collected from each individual at different time points after stroke. We identified 26 proteins differently expressed by treatment group (FDR: 5%) and significant changes of expression over time for 23 proteins (FDR: 10%). Molecules such as fibrinogen and C-reactive protein showed expression profiles with a high-potential clinical utility in the acute stroke setting. Protein expression profiles vary acutely in the blood after stroke and have the potential to allow the construction of a stroke clock and to have an impact on IS treatment decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dagonnier
- Stroke Department, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health and Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ira Robin Cooke
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Kate Sidon
- Stroke Department, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health and Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Margaret Dewey
- Stroke Department, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health and Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Alan Donnan
- Stroke Department, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health and Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David William Howells
- Stroke Department, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health and Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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46
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Sang M, Wang X, Zhang H, Sun X, Ding X, Wang P, Jiao R, Cheng H, Yang S, Zhang G. Gene Expression Profile of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to Intracerebral Hemorrhage. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:647-654. [PMID: 28654306 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-sequencing, a powerful tool, yields a comprehensive view of whole transcriptome. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke. To date, RNA-sequencing analysis of ICH has not been reported. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used as a source of mRNA for gene expression profile analysis in stroke. In this study, we performed transcriptome analyses for PBMCs from four ICH patients and four healthy volunteers on Illumina platform. We identified 4040 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional annotation of DEGs with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources indicated that genes associated with cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell-cell adhesion, inflammatory response, protein binding, positive regulation of gene expression, and signal transduction were most significantly enriched by DEGs. Gene set enrichment analysis identified 40 significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutathione metabolism processes. These data point to a complex mechanism for ICH pathogenesis. Overall, the present study demonstrated an altered gene expression profile of PBMCs in response to acute ICH. Our study provided important information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ICH pathogenesis at system-wide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sang
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- 2 College of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University , Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ding
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Puqing Wang
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Jiao
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxian Cheng
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Yang
- 3 ABSL-3 Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibin Zhang
- 1 Central Laboratory of Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Institute of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan, People's Republic of China
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47
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Khoshnam SE, Winlow W, Farzaneh M. The Interplay of MicroRNAs in the Inflammatory Mechanisms Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:548-561. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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48
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Jauch EC, Barreto AD, Broderick JP, Char DM, Cucchiara BL, Devlin TG, Haddock AJ, Hicks WJ, Hiestand BC, Jickling GC, June J, Liebeskind DS, Lowenkopf TJ, Miller JB, O'Neill J, Schoonover TL, Sharp FR, Peacock WF. Biomarkers of Acute Stroke Etiology (BASE) Study Methodology. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0537-3. [PMID: 28477280 PMCID: PMC5590025 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke affects over 800,000 US adults annually, with hundreds of thousands more experiencing a transient ischemic attack. Emergent evaluation, prompt acute treatment, and identification of stroke or TIA (transient ischemic attack) etiology for specific secondary prevention are critical for decreasing further morbidity and mortality of cerebrovascular disease. The Biomarkers of Acute Stroke Etiology (BASE) study is a multicenter observational study to identify serum markers defining the etiology of acute ischemic stroke. Observational trial of patients presenting to the hospital within 24 h of stroke onset. Blood samples are collected at arrival, 24, and 48 h later, and RNA gene expression is utilized to identify stroke etiology marker candidates. The BASE study began January 2014. At the time of writing, there are 22 recruiting sites. Enrollment is ongoing, expected to hit 1000 patients by March 2017. The BASE study could potentially aid in focusing the initial diagnostic evaluation to determine stroke etiology, with more rapidly initiated targeted evaluations and secondary prevention strategies.Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02014896 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02014896?term=biomarkers+of+acute+stroke+etiology&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Jauch
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison J Haddock
- Baylor College of Medicine, 3302 S. Macgregor Way, Houston, TX, 77021, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeff June
- Ischemia Care, LLC, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank R Sharp
- University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Baylor College of Medicine, 3302 S. Macgregor Way, Houston, TX, 77021, USA.
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49
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Abstract
A biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke and its causes would be of value in acute clinical practice. It could have applications to aid in acute stroke treatment decisions for tissue plasminogen activator and/or the triage to endovascular therapy. A stroke biomarker may also be useful to identify stroke etiology and guide stroke prevention treatments. This review provides an overview of RNA as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and assessment of ischemic stroke. Topics addressed include RNA to identify acute ischemic stroke; RNA to identify transient ischemic attack; RNA to predict large vessel, cardioembolic and small vessel cause of stroke; and RNA to predict risk of tissue plasminogen activator related hemorrhagic transformation. Emerging methods to measure RNA as a point-of-care assay include microfluidics sorting and electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Swyngedouw
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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50
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Du Y, Deng W, Wang Z, Ning M, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Lo EH, Xing C. Differential subnetwork of chemokines/cytokines in human, mouse, and rat brain cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1425-1434. [PMID: 27328691 PMCID: PMC5453462 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice and rats are the most commonly used animals for preclinical stroke studies, but it is unclear whether targets and mechanisms are always the same across different species. Here, we mapped the baseline expression of a chemokine/cytokine subnetwork and compared responses after oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from mouse, rat, and human. Baseline profiles of chemokines (CX3CL1, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) showed significant differences between human and rodents. The response of chemokines/cytokines to oxygen-glucose deprivation was also significantly different between species. After 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation and 4 h reoxygenation, human and rat neurons showed similar changes with a downregulation in many chemokines, whereas mouse neurons showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. For astrocytes, subnetwork response patterns were more similar in rats and mice compared to humans. For microglia, rat cells showed an upregulation in all chemokines/cytokines, mouse cells had many down-regulated genes, and human cells showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. This study provides proof-of-concept that species differences exist in chemokine/cytokine subnetworks in brain cells that may be relevant to stroke pathophysiology. Further investigation of differential gene pathways across species is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- 4 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zixing Wang
- 5 Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - MingMing Ning
- 4 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Changhong Xing
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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