1
|
Shaw TI, Wagner J, Tian L, Wickman E, Poudel S, Wang J, Paul R, Koo SC, Lu M, Sheppard H, Fan Y, O'Neill FH, Lau CC, Zhou X, Zhang J, Gottschalk S. Discovery of immunotherapy targets for pediatric solid and brain tumors by exon-level expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3732. [PMID: 38702309 PMCID: PMC11068777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells for pediatric solid and brain tumors is constrained by available targetable antigens. Cancer-specific exons present a promising reservoir of targets; however, these have not been explored and validated systematically in a pan-cancer fashion. To identify cancer specific exon targets, here we analyze 1532 RNA-seq datasets from 16 types of pediatric solid and brain tumors for comparison with normal tissues using a newly developed workflow. We find 2933 exons in 157 genes encoding proteins of the surfaceome or matrisome with high cancer specificity either at the gene (n = 148) or the alternatively spliced isoform (n = 9) level. Expression of selected alternatively spliced targets, including the EDB domain of fibronectin 1, and gene targets, such as COL11A1, are validated in pediatric patient derived xenograft tumors. We generate T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors specific for the EDB domain or COL11A1 and demonstrate that these have antitumor activity. The full target list, explorable via an interactive web portal ( https://cseminer.stjude.org/ ), provides a rich resource for developing immunotherapy of pediatric solid and brain tumors using gene or AS targets with high expression specificity in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wickman
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Robin Paul
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Selene C Koo
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Meifen Lu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Francis H O'Neill
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee IK, Sharma N, Noguera-Ortega E, Liousia M, Baroja ML, Etersque JM, Pham J, Sarkar S, Carreno BM, Linette GP, Puré E, Albelda SM, Sellmyer MA. A genetically encoded protein tag for control and quantitative imaging of CAR T cell therapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3564-3578. [PMID: 37919903 PMCID: PMC10727978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successful for hematological malignancies. Still, a lack of efficacy and potential toxicities have slowed its application for other indications. Furthermore, CAR T cells undergo dynamic expansion and contraction in vivo that cannot be easily predicted or controlled. Therefore, the safety and utility of such therapies could be enhanced by engineered mechanisms that engender reversible control and quantitative monitoring. Here, we use a genetic tag based on the enzyme Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR), and derivatives of trimethoprim (TMP) to modulate and monitor CAR expression and T cell activity. We fused eDHFR to the CAR C terminus, allowing regulation with TMP-based proteolysis-targeting chimeric small molecules (PROTACs). Fusion of eDHFR to the CAR does not interfere with cell signaling or its cytotoxic function, and the addition of TMP-based PROTACs results in a reversible and dose-dependent inhibition of CAR activity via the proteosome. We show the regulation of CAR expression in vivo and demonstrate imaging of the cells with TMP radiotracers. In vitro immunogenicity assays using primary human immune cells and overlapping peptide fragments of eDHFR showed no memory immune repertoire for eDHFR. Overall, this translationally-orientied approach allows for temporal monitoring and image-guided control of cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris K Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nitika Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Estela Noguera-Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Miren L Baroja
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean M Etersque
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Swarbhanu Sarkar
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beatriz M Carreno
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barros MHM, Alves PDS. Contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus to the oncogenesis of mature T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1240359. [PMID: 37781191 PMCID: PMC10538126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1240359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
EBV is a lymphotropic virus, member of the Herpesviridae family that asymptomatically infects more than 90% of the human population, establishing a latent infection in memory B cells. EBV exhibits complex survival and persistence dynamics, replicating its genome through the proliferation of infected B cells or production of the lytic virions. Many studies have documented the infection of T/NK cells by EBV in healthy individuals during and after primary infection. This feature has been confirmed in humanized mouse models. Together these results have challenged the hypothesis that the infection of T/NK cells per se by EBV could be a triggering event for lymphomagenesis. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nodal T- and NK-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are two EBV-associated lymphomas of T/NK cells. These two lymphomas display different clinical, histological and molecular features. However, they share two intriguing characteristics: the association with EBV and a geographical prevalence in East Asia and Latin America. In this review we will discuss the genetic characteristics of EBV in order to understand the possible role of this virus in the oncogenesis of ENKTCL and NKTCL. In addition, the main immunohistological, molecular, cytogenetic and epigenetic differences between ENKTCL and NKTCL will be discussed, as well as EBV differences in latency patterns and other viral molecular characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Daniela S. Alves
- Oncovirology Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Harris E, Lorch J. Vaccination as a therapeutic strategy for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
Furukawa Y, Hamano Y, Shirane S, Kinoshita S, Azusawa Y, Ando J, Nakauchi H, Ando M. Advances in Allogeneic Cancer Cell Therapy and Future Perspectives on “Off-the-Shelf” T Cell Therapy Using iPSC Technology and Gene Editing. Cells 2022; 11:269. [PMID: 35053386 PMCID: PMC8773622 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of allogeneic cell therapy was first presented over 60 years ago with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, complications such as graft versus host disease (GVHD) and regimen-related toxicities remained as major obstacles. To maximize the effect of graft versus leukemia, while minimizing the effect of GVHD, donor lymphocyte infusion was utilized. This idea, which was used against viral infections, postulated that adoptive transfer of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes could reconstitute specific immunity and eliminate virus infected cells and led to the idea of banking third party cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). T cell exhaustion sometimes became a problem and difficulty arose in creating robust CTLs. However, the introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lessens such problems, and by using iPSC technology, unlimited numbers of allogeneic rejuvenated CTLs with robust and proliferative cytotoxic activity can be created. Despite this revolutionary concept, several concerns still exist, such as immunorejection by recipient cells and safety issues of gene editing. In this review, we describe approaches to a feasible “off-the-shelf” therapy that can be distributed rapidly worldwide. We also offer perspectives on the future of allogeneic cell cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghamari A, Pakzad P, Majd A, Ebrahimi M, Hamidieh AA. Design and Production An Effective Bispecific Tandem Chimeric Antigen Receptor on T Cells against CD123 and Folate Receptor ß towards B-Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Blasts. Cell J 2021; 23:650-657. [PMID: 34939758 PMCID: PMC8665988 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The clinical studies of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) revealed that antigen escaping variants cause cancer
recurrence even after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that target a single tumour antigen. Due to
the heterogeneous expression of antigens on leukaemia blasts, we hypothesized that a novel bispecific CAR, directed
to the folate receptor beta (FRβ)-binding single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and an IL3α-binding receptor (CD123)
that has more expression in AML blasts, can decrease CAR-T cell exhaustion and increase the efficacy of CAR-T cells
to prevent antigen escaping and consequent recurrence of AML.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the survival, proliferation, and cytolysis of CAR-T cells remains
suboptimal even with a costimulatory endodomain. Hence, we designed and constructed a tandem CAR that joins an
FRβ and CD123 in the second generation retroviral vector to generate a bispecific tandem CAR (TanCAR-T cell).
Results TanCAR FRβ-CD123 T cells showed distinct binding to FRβ or CD123 expressing cells. They could lyse the
leukaemia cell lines (66.1 ± 11%) comparable to the single CAR-T cells against these determinants. TanCAR FRβ-
CD123 T cells simultaneously engaged FRβ and CD123, which promoted T cell activation in targeting and lysis of the
examined leukaemia cell lines. TanCAR-T cell significantly induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2)
production more than single CAR-T cells, which produced a synergistic enhancement of TanCAR FRβ-CD123 T cell
function when dual antigens faced simultaneously.
Conclusion Dual-specific TanCAR FRβ-CD123 T cells showed therapeutic potential to improve AML control by co-
engaging FRβ and CD123 molecules in a robust, divalent immune system. This strategy may be a useful therapeutic
approach in patients with relapsed B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghamari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cui X, Snapper CM. Epstein Barr Virus: Development of Vaccines and Immune Cell Therapy for EBV-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734471. [PMID: 34691042 PMCID: PMC8532523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first human tumor virus discovered and is strongly implicated in the etiology of multiple lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Each year EBV associated cancers account for over 200,000 new cases of cancer and cause 150,000 deaths world-wide. EBV is also the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis, and up to 70% of adolescents and young adults in developed countries suffer from infectious mononucleosis. In addition, EBV has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. An EBV prophylactic vaccine that induces neutralizing antibodies holds great promise for prevention of EBV associated diseases. EBV envelope proteins including gH/gL, gB and gp350 play key roles in EBV entry and infection of target cells, and neutralizing antibodies elicited by each of these proteins have shown to prevent EBV infection of target cells and markedly decrease EBV titers in the peripheral blood of humanized mice challenged with lethal dose EBV. Recent studies demonstrated that immunization with the combination of gH/gL, gB and/or gp350 induced markedly increased synergistic EBV neutralizing activity compared to immunization with individual proteins. As previous clinical trials focused on gp350 alone were partially successful, the inclusion of gH/gL and gB in a vaccine formulation with gp350 represents a promising approach of EBV prophylactic vaccine development. Therapeutic EBV vaccines have also been tested clinically with encouraging results. Immunization with various vaccine platforms expressing the EBV latent proteins EBNA1, LMP1, and/or LMP2 promoted specific CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic responses with anti-tumor activity. The addition of EBV envelope proteins gH/gL, gB and gp350 has the potential to increase the efficacy of a therapeutic EBV vaccine. The immune system plays a critical role in the control of tumors, and immune cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment of cancers. Adoptive T-cell therapy has been successfully used in the prevention and treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and T cell receptor engineered T cell therapy targeting EBV latent proteins LMP1, LMP2 and/or EBNA1 have been in development, with the goal to increase the specificity and efficacy of treatment of EBV associated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Cui
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,The Institute for Vaccine Research and Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifford M Snapper
- The Institute for Vaccine Research and Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Citranvi Biosciences LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bear AS, Blanchard T, Cesare J, Ford MJ, Richman LP, Xu C, Baroja ML, McCuaig S, Costeas C, Gabunia K, Scholler J, Posey AD, O'Hara MH, Smole A, Powell DJ, Garcia BA, Vonderheide RH, Linette GP, Carreno BM. Biochemical and functional characterization of mutant KRAS epitopes validates this oncoprotein for immunological targeting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4365. [PMID: 34272369 PMCID: PMC8285372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating RAS missense mutations are among the most prevalent genomic alterations observed in human cancers and drive oncogenesis in the three most lethal tumor types. Emerging evidence suggests mutant KRAS (mKRAS) may be targeted immunologically, but mKRAS epitopes remain poorly defined. Here we employ a multi-omics approach to characterize HLA class I-restricted mKRAS epitopes. We provide proteomic evidence of mKRAS epitope processing and presentation by high prevalence HLA class I alleles. Select epitopes are immunogenic enabling mKRAS-specific TCRαβ isolation. TCR transfer to primary CD8+ T cells confers cytotoxicity against mKRAS tumor cell lines independent of histologic origin, and the kinetics of lytic activity correlates with mKRAS peptide-HLA class I complex abundance. Adoptive transfer of mKRAS-TCR engineered CD8+ T cells leads to tumor eradication in a xenograft model of metastatic lung cancer. This study validates mKRAS peptides as bona fide epitopes facilitating the development of immune therapies targeting this oncoprotein. KRAS is commonly mutated at codon 12 in several cancer types, offering a unique opportunity for the development of neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy. Here the authors present a pipeline for the prediction, identification and validation of HLA class-I restricted mutant KRAS G12 peptides, leading to the generation of mutant KRAS-specific T cell receptors for adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adham S Bear
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Tatiana Blanchard
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Cesare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Lee P Richman
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chong Xu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miren L Baroja
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Costeas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Khatuna Gabunia
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avery D Posey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anze Smole
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz M Carreno
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun C, Chen XC, Kang YF, Zeng MS. The Status and Prospects of Epstein-Barr Virus Prophylactic Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677027. [PMID: 34168649 PMCID: PMC8218244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is common among the global population, causing an enormous disease burden. EBV can directly cause infectious mononucleosis and is also associated with various malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In order to prevent primary infection and subsequent chronic disease, efforts have been made to develop a prophylactic vaccine against EBV in recent years, but there is still no vaccine in clinical use. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global cooperation in vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 provide insights for next-generation antiviral vaccine design and opportunities for developing an effective prophylactic EBV vaccine. With improvements in antigen selection, vaccine platforms, formulation and evaluation systems, novel vaccines against EBV are expected to elicit dual protection against infection of both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. This would provide sustainable immunity against EBV-associated malignancies, finally enabling the control of worldwide EBV infection and management of EBV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Feng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahid S, Prockop SE. Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: beyond chemotherapy treatment. Cancer Drug Resist 2021; 4:646-664. [PMID: 34485854 PMCID: PMC8415721 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but life-threatening complication of both allogeneic solid organ (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The histology of PTLD ranges from benign polyclonal lymphoproliferation to a lesion indistinguishable from classic monoclonal lymphoma. Most commonly, PTLDs are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive and result from loss of immune surveillance over EBV. Treatment for PTLD differs from the treatment for typical non-Hodgkin lymphoma because prognostic factors are different, resistance to treatment is unique, and there are specific concerns for organ toxicity. While recipients of HCT have a limited time during which they are at risk for this complication, recipients of SOT have a lifelong requirement for immunosuppression, so approaches that limit compromising or help restore immune surveillance are of high interest. Furthermore, while EBV-positive and EBV-negative PTLDs are not intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy, the poor tolerance of chemotherapy in the post-transplant setting makes it essential to minimize potential treatment-related toxicities and explore alternative treatment algorithms. Therefore, reduced-toxicity approaches such as single-agent CD20 monoclonal antibodies or bortezomib, reduced dosing of standard chemotherapeutic agents, and non-chemotherapy-based approaches such as cytotoxic T cells have all been explored. Here, we review the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy treatment landscape for PTLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan E. Prockop
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hossain NM, Stiff PJ. Expanding the Toolbox of Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1479-1482. [PMID: 33764792 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nasheed M Hossain
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lo AKF, Dawson CW, Lung HL, Wong KL, Young LS. The Role of EBV-Encoded LMP1 in the NPC Tumor Microenvironment: From Function to Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:640207. [PMID: 33718235 PMCID: PMC7947715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. It is also characterized by heavy infiltration with non-malignant leucocytes. The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is believed to play an important role in NPC pathogenesis by virtue of its ability to activate multiple cell signaling pathways which collectively promote cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and aerobic glycolysis. LMP1 also affects cell-cell interactions, antigen presentation, and cytokine and chemokine production. Here, we discuss how LMP1 modulates local immune responses that contribute to the establishment of the NPC tumor microenvironment. We also discuss strategies for targeting the LMP1 protein as a novel therapy for EBV-driven malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence S. Young
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wagner J, Wickman E, Shaw TI, Anido AA, Langfitt D, Zhang J, Porter SN, Pruett-Miller SM, Tillman H, Krenciute G, Gottschalk S. Antitumor Effects of CAR T Cells Redirected to the EDB Splice Variant of Fibronectin. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:279-290. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Leon E, Ranganathan R, Savoldo B. Adoptive T cell therapy: Boosting the immune system to fight cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101437. [PMID: 33262066 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular therapies have shown increasing promise as a cancer treatment. Encouraging results against hematologic malignancies are paving the way to move into solid tumors. In this review, we will focus on T-cell therapies starting from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to optimized T-cell receptor-modified (TCR) cells and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-Ts). We will discuss the positive preclinical and clinical findings of these approaches, along with some of the persisting barriers that need to be overcome to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Leon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Raghuveer Ranganathan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Jiang C, Liu Z, Yang M, Tang X, Wang Y, Zheng M, Huang J, Zhong K, Zhao S, Tang M, Zhou T, Yang H, Guo G, Zhou L, Xu J, Tong A. B7-H3-Targeted CAR-T Cells Exhibit Potent Antitumor Effects on Hematologic and Solid Tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:180-189. [PMID: 32346608 PMCID: PMC7178328 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, B7-H3 was frequently reported to be overexpressed in various cancer types and has been suggested to be a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of B7-H3 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and validated its expression across multiple cancer types. We then generated a novel B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and tested its antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. The B7-H3 expression heterogeneity and variation were frequent. Moderate or even high expression levels of B7-H3 were also observed in some tumor-adjacent tissues, but the staining intensity was weaker than that in tumor tissues. B7-H3 expression was absent or very low in normal tissues and organs. Flow cytometry indicated that the mean expression level of B7-H3 in eight bone marrow specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was 57.2% (range 38.8-80.4). Furthermore, we showed that the B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cells exhibited significant antitumor activity against AML and melanoma in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, although B7-H3 represents a promising pan-cancer target, and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells can effectively control tumor growth, the expression heterogeneity and variation have to be carefully considered in translating B7-H3-targeted CAR-T cell therapy into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Caiying Jiang
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tingyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng M, Yu L, Hu J, Zhang Z, Wang H, Lu D, Tang X, Huang J, Zhong K, Wang Z, Li Y, Guo G, Liu S, Tong A, Yang H. Efficacy of B7-H3-Redirected BiTE and CAR-T Immunotherapies Against Extranodal Nasal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100770. [PMID: 32298986 PMCID: PMC7160598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal nasal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare but highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the estimated 5-year overall survival of affected patients remains low. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed urgently. Recent advances in immunotherapy have the potential to broaden the applications of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells and the bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibody. Here, we screened a panel of biomarkers including the B7-H3, CD70, TIM-3, VISTA, ICAM-1, and PD-1 in NKTCL cell lines. As a result, we found for the first time that B7-H3 was highly and homogeneously expressed in these cells. Consequently, we constructed a novel anti-B7-H3/CD3 BiTE antibody and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells, and evaluated their efficacy against NKTCL cel lines both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we found that both anti-B7-H3/CD3 BiTE and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells effectively targeted and killed NKTCL cells in vitro, and suppressed the growth of NKTCL tumors in NSG mouse models. Thus, B7-H3 might be a promising therapeutic target for treating patients with NKTCL tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Lingyu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Yisong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fousek K, Watanabe J, Joseph SK, George A, An X, Byrd TT, Morris JS, Luong A, Martínez-Paniagua MA, Sanber K, Navai SA, Gad AZ, Salsman VS, Mathew PR, Kim HN, Wagner DL, Brunetti L, Jang A, Baker ML, Varadarajan N, Hegde M, Kim YM, Heisterkamp N, Abdel-Azim H, Ahmed N. CAR T-cells that target acute B-lineage leukemia irrespective of CD19 expression. Leukemia 2020; 35:75-89. [PMID: 32205861 PMCID: PMC7519582 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting CD19 demonstrate remarkable efficacy in treating B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BL-ALL), yet up to 39% of treated patients relapse with CD19(−) disease. We report that CD19(−) escape is associated with downregulation, but preservation, of targetable expression of CD20 and CD22. Accordingly, we reasoned that broadening the spectrum of CD19CAR T-cells to include both CD20 and CD22 would enable them to target CD19(−) escape BL-ALL while preserving their upfront efficacy. We created a CD19/20/22-targeting CAR T-cell by coexpressing individual CAR molecules on a single T-cell using one tricistronic transgene. CD19/20/22CAR T-cells killed CD19(−) blasts from patients who relapsed after CD19CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas9 CD19 knockout primary BL-ALL both in vitro and in an animal model, while CD19CAR T-cells were ineffective. At the subcellular level, CD19/20/22CAR T-cells formed dense immune synapses with target cells that mediated effective cytolytic complex formation, were efficient serial killers in single-cell tracking studies, and were as efficacious as CD19CAR T-cells against primary CD19(+) disease. In conclusion, independent of CD19 expression, CD19/20/22CAR T-cells could be used as salvage or front-line CAR therapy for patients with recalcitrant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Fousek
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann George
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xingyue An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiara T Byrd
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Morris
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annie Luong
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Khaled Sanber
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shoba A Navai
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Gad
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vita S Salsman
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pretty R Mathew
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hye Na Kim
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios L Wagner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health-Center for Regenerative Therapies (B-CRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert Jang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew L Baker
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging and Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. .,University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yang M, Zhu Y, Zhang G, Guo G, Tong A, Zhou L. B7-H3 as a Novel CAR-T Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 14:279-287. [PMID: 31485480 PMCID: PMC6713854 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most malignant primary tumors in adults, with a 5-year survival rate less than 10% because of lacking effective treatment. Here, we aimed to explore whether B7-H3 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for GBM in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. In this study, a CAR targeting B7-H3 was constructed and transduced into T cells by lentivirus. Antitumor effects of B7-H3-specific CAR-T cells were assessed with primary and GBM cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that B7-H3 was positively stained in most of the clinical glioma samples, and its expression levels were correlated to the malignancy grade and poor survival in both low-grade glioma (LGG) and GBM patients. Specific antitumor functions of CAR-T cells were confirmed by cytotoxic and ELISA assay both in primary glioblastoma cells and GBM cell lines. In the orthotropic GBM models, the median survival of the CAR-T-cell-treated group was significantly longer than that of the control group. In conclusion, B7-H3 is frequently overexpressed in GBM patients and may serve as a therapeutic target in CAR-T therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Meijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guanjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Corresponding author: Aiping Tong, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Corresponding author: Liangxue Zhou, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ando M, Ando J, Yamazaki S, Ishii M, Sakiyama Y, Harada S, Honda T, Yamaguchi T, Nojima M, Ohshima K, Nakauchi H, Komatsu N. Long-term eradication of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Epstein-Barr virus-specific rejuvenated T cells in vivo. Haematologica 2019; 105:796-807. [PMID: 31296577 PMCID: PMC7049350 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.223511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally rejuvenated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are expected to be a potent immunotherapy for tumors. When L-asparaginase-containing standard chemotherapy fails in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), no effective salvage therapy exists. The clinical course then is miserable. We demonstrate prolonged and robust eradication of ENKL in vivo by Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL, with iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL persisting as central memory T cells in the mouse spleen for at least six months. The anti-tumor response is so strong that any concomitant effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is unclear. These results suggest that long-term persistent Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL contribute to a continuous anti-tumor effect and offer an effective salvage therapy for relapsed and refractory ENKL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakiyama
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Honda
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bielamowicz K, Fousek K, Byrd TT, Samaha H, Mukherjee M, Aware N, Wu MF, Orange JS, Sumazin P, Man TK, Joseph SK, Hegde M, Ahmed N. Trivalent CAR T cells overcome interpatient antigenic variability in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:506-518. [PMID: 29016929 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain cancer, and is currently incurable. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise in GBM treatment. While we have shown that combinatorial targeting of 2 glioma antigens offsets antigen escape and enhances T-cell effector functions, the interpatient variability in surface antigen expression between patients hinders the clinical impact of targeting 2 antigen pairs. This study addresses targeting 3 antigens using a single CAR T-cell product for broader application. Methods We analyzed the surface expression of 3 targetable glioma antigens (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2], interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 [IL13Rα2], and ephrin-A2 [EphA2]) in 15 primary GBM samples. Accordingly, we created a trivalent T-cell product armed with 3 CAR molecules specific for these validated targets encoded by a single universal (U) tricistronic transgene (UCAR T cells). Results Our data showed that co-targeting HER2, IL13Rα2, and EphA2 could overcome interpatient variability by a tendency to capture nearly 100% of tumor cells in most tumors tested in this cohort. UCAR T cells made from GBM patients' blood uniformly expressed all 3 CAR molecules with distinct antigen specificity. UCAR T cells mediated robust immune synapses with tumor targets forming more polarized microtubule organizing centers and exhibited improved cytotoxicity and cytokine release over best monospecific and bispecific CAR T cells per patient tumor profile. Lastly, low doses of UCAR T cells controlled established autologous GBM patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and improved survival of treated animals. Conclusion UCAR T cells can overcome antigenic heterogeneity in GBM and lead to improved treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bielamowicz
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Fousek
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tiara T Byrd
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hebatalla Samaha
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nikita Aware
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- The Biostatistics and Informatics Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
NK-cell malignancies are rare aggressive diseases associated with poor clinical outcome. There is a significant geographic variation in their incidence. At least a part of the reason for that is the fact that Epstein-Barr virus plays an important role in pathogenesis, and importantly, the plasma viral titer reflects disease burden and response to therapy. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is the most common disease subtype in NK-cell malignancies. Conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy was historically used for ENKL, only to produce dismal outcome. More recently, concurrent chemoradiation therapy for early-stage disease and non-anthracycline-based L-asparaginase containing chemotherapy have been studied, showing improved clinical response and survival, with long-term survival rates of 60-70% and 50-60%, respectively. Stem cell transplant can provide long-term disease control in recurrent or refractory disease settings, but the role of frontline use of such approach is yet to be determined. Several novel therapeutic approaches have shown promising results, and enrollment to clinical trials is the essential key to improve the treatment outcome in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Chihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Oki
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
McLaughlin LP, Rouce R, Gottschalk S, Torrano V, Carrum G, Wu MF, Hoq F, Grilley B, Marcogliese AM, Hanley PJ, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Rooney CM, Heslop HE, Bollard CM. EBV/LMP-specific T cells maintain remissions of T- and B-cell EBV lymphomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2018; 132:2351-2361. [PMID: 30262660 PMCID: PMC6265652 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane proteins (LMPs) have shown safety and efficacy in the treatment of patients with type 2 latency EBV-associated lymphomas for whom standard therapies have failed, including high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell rescue. However, the safety and efficacy of allogeneic donor-derived LMP-specific T cells (LMP-Ts) have not been established for patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Therefore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of donor-derived LMP-Ts in 26 patients who had undergone allogeneic HSCT for EBV-associated natural killer/T-cell or B-cell lymphomas. Seven patients received LMP-Ts as therapy for active disease, and 19 were treated with adjuvant therapy for high-risk disease. There were no immediate infusion-related toxicities, and only 1 dose-limiting toxicity potentially related to T-cell infusion was seen. The 2-year overall survival (OS) was 68%. Additionally, patients who received T-cell therapy while in complete remission after allogeneic HSCT had a 78% OS at 2 years. Patients treated for B-cell disease (n = 10) had a 2-year OS of 80%. Patients with T-cell disease had a 2-year OS of 60%, which suggests an improvement compared with published posttransplantation 2-year OS rates of 30% to 50%. Hence, this study shows that donor-derived LMP-Ts are a safe and effective therapy to prevent relapse after transplantation in patients with B cell- or T cell-derived EBV-associated lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disorder and supports the infusion of LMP-Ts as adjuvant therapy to improve outcomes in the posttransplantation setting. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00062868 and #NCT01956084.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transplantation, Homologous/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P McLaughlin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rayne Rouce
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Vicky Torrano
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
| | - George Carrum
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Department of Immunology
| | | | - Fahmida Hoq
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
| | | | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Adrian P Gee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System and George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; and
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Pathology
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Artificially boosting body's immune response is one of the most exciting, effective and promising advancements in the treatment of cancers. Cancer immunotherapeutics consist of variety of treatment approaches such as cytokine therapy, adoptive T-cell transfer therapy, and antibodies that stimulate innate and adoptive immune responses. In addition to this, development of HPV vaccine has paved way toward the development of other cancer vaccines. Checkpoint blockade inhibitors, for example, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies are emerging as other major breakthroughs that are highly effective against cancer. This review addresses the current status of immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer and provides baseline data for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Genome Centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics & Research, Cl-25 Block B Al-Sudais Plaza, Abdalian Cooperative Society, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Division of Molecular Virology & Diagnostics Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar
- Genome Centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics & Research, Cl-25 Block B Al-Sudais Plaza, Abdalian Cooperative Society, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khansa Wahid
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Genome Centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics & Research, Cl-25 Block B Al-Sudais Plaza, Abdalian Cooperative Society, Lahore, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
- Division of Molecular Virology & Diagnostics Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
- Hazara University, Dhodial Campus, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vrzalikova K, Sunmonu T, Reynolds G, Murray P. Contribution of Epstein⁻Barr Virus Latent Proteins to the Pathogenesis of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030059. [PMID: 29954084 PMCID: PMC6161176 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses have evolved to manipulate the host cell utilising a variety of strategies including expression of viral proteins to hijack or mimic the activity of cellular functions. DNA tumour viruses often establish latent infection in which no new virions are produced, characterized by the expression of a restricted repertoire of so-called latent viral genes. These latent genes serve to remodel cellular functions to ensure survival of the virus within host cells, often for the lifetime of the infected individual. However, under certain circumstances, virus infection may contribute to transformation of the host cell; this event is not a usual outcome of infection. Here, we review how the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), the prototypic oncogenic human virus, modulates host cell functions, with a focus on the role of the EBV latent genes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Vrzalikova
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Taofik Sunmonu
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Paul Murray
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cho HI, Kim UH, Shin AR, Won JN, Lee HJ, Sohn HJ, Kim TG. A novel Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein-1-specific T-cell receptor for TCR gene therapy. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:534-45. [PMID: 29360818 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells to express antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) is a feasible and effective therapeutic approach for numerous types of cancers, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies. Here, we describe a TCR gene transfer regimen to rapidly and reliably generate T-cells specific to EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1), which is a potential target for T-cell-based immunotherapy. METHODS A novel TCR specific to LMP1 (LMP1-TCR) was isolated from HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice that were immunised with the minimal epitope LMP1166 (TLLVDLLWL), and LMP1-TCR-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated for functional specificities. RESULTS Both human CD8 and CD4 T-cells expressing the LMP1-TCR provoked high levels of cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity towards peptide-pulsed and LMP1-expressing tumour cells. Notably, recognition of these T-cells to peptide-pulsed cells was maintained at low concentration of peptide, implying that the LMP1-TCR has high avidity. Infusion of these engineered T-cells revealed remarkable therapeutic effects and inhibition of tumour growth in a preclinical xenogeneic model. We observed explosive ex vivo proliferation of functional TCR-transduced T-cells with artificial antigen-presenting cells that express co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and 4-1BBL. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the novel TCR-targeting LMP1 might allow the potential design of T-cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies against EBV-positive malignancies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Byrd TT, Fousek K, Pignata A, Szot C, Samaha H, Seaman S, Dobrolecki L, Salsman VS, Oo HZ, Bielamowicz K, Landi D, Rainusso N, Hicks J, Powell S, Baker ML, Wels WS, Koch J, Sorensen PH, Deneen B, Ellis MJ, Lewis MT, Hegde M, Fletcher BS, St Croix B, Ahmed N. TEM8/ANTXR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:489-500. [PMID: 29183891 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease lacking targeted therapy. In this study, we developed a CAR T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategy to target TEM8, a marker initially defined on endothelial cells in colon tumors that was discovered recently to be upregulated in TNBC. CAR T cells were developed that upon specific recognition of TEM8 secreted immunostimulatory cytokines and killed tumor endothelial cells as well as TEM8-positive TNBC cells. Notably, the TEM8 CAR T cells targeted breast cancer stem-like cells, offsetting the formation of mammospheres relative to nontransduced T cells. Adoptive transfer of TEM8 CAR T cells induced regression of established, localized patient-derived xenograft tumors, as well as lung metastatic TNBC cell line-derived xenograft tumors, by both killing TEM8+ TNBC tumor cells and targeting the tumor endothelium to block tumor neovascularization. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of TEM8 as a strategy to treat TNBC.Significance: These findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of an endothelial antigen that is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer and the associated tumor vasculature. Cancer Res; 78(2); 489-500. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiara T Byrd
- Department of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristen Fousek
- Department of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Antonella Pignata
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher Szot
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Heba Samaha
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357), El-Saida Zenab, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Steven Seaman
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lacey Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vita S Salsman
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Bielamowicz
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Landi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pediatric Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Suzanne Powell
- Department of Pathology - Anatomic, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew L Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim Koch
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Department of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Brad St Croix
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Department of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Termini JM, Gupta S, Raffa FN, Guirado E, Fischl MA, Niu L, Kanagavelu S, Stone GW. Epstein Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 enhances dendritic cell therapy lymph node migration, activation, and IL-12 secretion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184915. [PMID: 28910387 PMCID: PMC5599068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a promising cell type for cancer vaccines due to their high immunostimulatory capacity. However, improper maturation of DC prior to treatment may account for the limited efficacy of DC vaccine clinical trials. Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus was examined for its ability to mature and activate DC as a gene-based molecular adjuvant for DC vaccines. DC were transduced with an adenovirus 5 vector (Ad5) expressing LMP1 under the control of a Tet-inducible promoter. Ad5-LMP1 was found to mature and activate both human and mouse DC. LMP1 enhanced in vitro migration of DC toward CCL19, as well as in vivo migration of DC to the inguinal lymph nodes of mice following intradermal injection. LMP1-transduced DC increased T cell proliferation in a Pmel-1 adoptive transfer model and enhanced survival in B16-F10 melanoma models. LMP1-DC also enhanced protection in a vaccinia-Gag viral challenge assay. LMP1 induced high levels of IL-12p70 secretion in mouse DC when compared to standard maturation protocols. Importantly, LMP1-transduced human DC retained the capacity to secrete IL-12p70 and TNF in response to DC restimulation. In contrast, DC matured with Monocyte Conditioned Media-Mimic cocktail (Mimic) were impaired in IL-12p70 secretion following restimulation. Overall, LMP1 matured and activated DC, induced migration to the lymph node, and generated high levels of IL-12p70 in a murine model. We propose LMP1 as a promising molecular adjuvant for DC vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Termini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Francesca N. Raffa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Guirado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Fischl
- Department of Medicine and Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Liguo Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Saravana Kanagavelu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami Center for AIDS Research and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dasari V, Bhatt KH, Smith C, Khanna R. Designing an effective vaccine to prevent Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:377-390. [PMID: 28276306 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1293529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus associated with a number of clinical manifestations. Primary EBV infection in young adolescents often manifests as acute infectious mononucleosis and latent infection is associated with multiple lymphoid and epithelial cancers and autoimmune disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis. Areas covered: Over the last decade, our understanding of pathogenesis and immune regulation of EBV-associated diseases has provided an important platform for the development of novel vaccine formulations. In this review, we discuss developmental strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic EBV vaccines which have been assessed in preclinical and clinical settings. Expert commentary: Major roadblocks in EBV vaccine development include no precise understanding of the clinical correlates of protection, uncertainty about adjuvant selection and the unavailability of appropriate animal models. Recent development of new EBV vaccine formulations provides exciting opportunities for the formal clinical assessment of novel formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra Dasari
- a QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Kunal H Bhatt
- a QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- a QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- a QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. The incidence of transplantation in childhood has been steadily rising, making PTLD the most common form of lymphoproliferation in childhood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathophysiology and discuss the management of PTLD. RECENT FINDINGS More than 90% of pediatric PTLD is EBV-positive. In immunocompetent hosts, the virus is controlled by cytotoxic T-cells, the cells targeted by immunosuppression to avoid graft-versus-host disease and/or organ rejection in transplant patients. The majority of pediatric transplant candidates are EBV-negative prior to transplant increasing the risk of EBV-induced lymphoproliferation upon seroconversion after transplant. Treatment options include reduction of immunosuppression, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, and/or chemotherapy. Advanced understanding of the importance of cellular immunity in controlling lymphoproliferation has led to the development of cellular therapies targeting virus-specific antigens. SUMMARY PTLD is the most common form of lymphoproliferation in childhood due to the rising incidence of transplantation. EBV plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology. Cellular therapies targeting viral antigens may replace chemotherapy in the treatment of PTLD in the near future.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Approximately 12% of all cancers worldwide are associated with viral infections. To date, eight viruses have been shown to contribute to the development of human cancers, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis B and C viruses, and Human papilloma virus, among others. These DNA and RNA viruses produce oncogenic effects through distinct mechanisms. First, viruses may induce sustained disorders of host cell growth and survival through the genes they express, or may induce DNA damage response in host cells, which in turn increases host genome instability. Second, they may induce chronic inflammation and secondary tissue damage favoring the development of oncogenic processes in host cells. Viruses like HIV can create a more permissive environment for cancer development through immune inhibition, but we will focus on the previous two mechanisms in this review. Unlike traditional cancer therapies that cannot distinguish infected cells from non-infected cells, immunotherapies are uniquely equipped to target virus-associated malignancies. The targeting and functioning mechanisms associated with the immune response can be exploited to prevent viral infections by vaccination, and can also be used to treat infection before cancer establishment. Successes in using the immune system to eradicate established malignancy by selective recognition of virus-associated tumor cells are currently being reported. For example, numerous clinical trials of adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated virus-specific T cells have shown benefit even for established tumors in patients with EBV-associated malignancies. Additional studies in other virus-associated tumors have also been initiated and in this review we describe the current status of immunotherapy for virus-associated malignancies and discuss future prospects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li A, Wu Y, Linnoila J, Pulli B, Wang C, Zeller M, Ali M, Lewandrowski GK, Li J, Tricot B, Keliher E, Wojtkiewicz GR, Fulci G, Feng X, Tannous BA, Yao Z, Chen JW. Surface biotinylation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for in vivo tracking of tumor immunotherapy in murine models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1545-1554. [PMID: 27722909 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no stable and flexible method to label and track cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vivo in CTL immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate whether the sulfo-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-biotin-streptavidin (SA) platform could chemically modify the cell surface of CTLs for in vivo tracking. CD8+ T lymphocytes were labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin under different conditions and then incubated with SA-Alexa647. Labeling efficiency was proportional to sulfo-NHS-biotin concentration. CD8+ T lymphocytes could be labeled with higher efficiency with sulfo-NHS-biotin in DPBS than in RPMI (P < 0.05). Incubation temperature was not a key factor. CTLs maintained sufficient labeling for at least 72 h (P < 0.05), without altering cell viability. After co-culturing labeled CTLs with mouse glioma stem cells (GSCs) engineered to present biotin on their surface, targeting CTLs could specifically target biotin-presenting GSCs and inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01) and tumor spheres formation. In a biotin-presenting GSC brain tumor model, targeting CTLs could be detected in biotin-presenting gliomas in mouse brains but not in the non-tumor-bearing contralateral hemispheres (P < 0.05). In vivo fluorescent molecular tomography imaging in a subcutaneous U87 mouse model confirmed that targeting CTLs homed in on the biotin-presenting U87 tumors but not the control U87 tumors. PET imaging with 89Zr-deferoxamine-biotin and SA showed a rapid clearance of the PET signal over 24 h in the control tumor, while only minimally decreased in the targeted tumor. Thus, sulfo-NHS-biotin-SA labeling is an efficient method to noninvasively track the migration of adoptive transferred CTLs and does not alter CTL viability or interfere with CTL-mediated cytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anning Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jenny Linnoila
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Grant K Lewandrowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neuroscience Center, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jinghui Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Tricot
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Edmund Keliher
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Giulia Fulci
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Simches Research Building, Neurosurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neuroscience Center, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hegde M, Mukherjee M, Grada Z, Pignata A, Landi D, Navai SA, Wakefield A, Fousek K, Bielamowicz K, Chow KKH, Brawley VS, Byrd TT, Krebs S, Gottschalk S, Wels WS, Baker ML, Dotti G, Mamonkin M, Brenner MK, Orange JS, Ahmed N. Tandem CAR T cells targeting HER2 and IL13Rα2 mitigate tumor antigen escape. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3036-52. [PMID: 27427982 DOI: 10.1172/jci83416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical models of glioblastoma, antigen escape variants can lead to tumor recurrence after treatment with CAR T cells that are redirected to single tumor antigens. Given the heterogeneous expression of antigens on glioblastomas, we hypothesized that a bispecific CAR molecule would mitigate antigen escape and improve the antitumor activity of T cells. Here, we created a CAR that joins a HER2-binding scFv and an IL13Rα2-binding IL-13 mutein to make a tandem CAR exodomain (TanCAR) and a CD28.ζ endodomain. We determined that patient TanCAR T cells showed distinct binding to HER2 or IL13Rα2 and had the capability to lyse autologous glioblastoma. TanCAR T cells exhibited activation dynamics that were comparable to those of single CAR T cells upon encounter of HER2 or IL13Rα2. We observed that TanCARs engaged HER2 and IL13Rα2 simultaneously by inducing HER2-IL13Rα2 heterodimers, which promoted superadditive T cell activation when both antigens were encountered concurrently. TanCAR T cell activity was more sustained but not more exhaustible than that of T cells that coexpressed a HER2 CAR and an IL13Rα2 CAR, T cells with a unispecific CAR, or a pooled product. In a murine glioblastoma model, TanCAR T cells mitigated antigen escape, displayed enhanced antitumor efficacy, and improved animal survival. Thus, TanCAR T cells show therapeutic potential to improve glioblastoma control by coengaging HER2 and IL13Rα2 in an augmented, bivalent immune synapse that enhances T cell functionality and reduces antigen escape.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma SD, Xu X, Jones R, Delecluse HJ, Zumwalde NA, Sharma A, Gumperz JE, Kenney SC. PD-1/CTLA-4 Blockade Inhibits Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Lymphoma Growth in a Cord Blood Humanized-Mouse Model. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005642. [PMID: 27186886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection causes B cell lymphomas in humanized mouse models and contributes to a variety of different types of human lymphomas. T cells directed against viral antigens play a critical role in controlling EBV infection, and EBV-positive lymphomas are particularly common in immunocompromised hosts. We previously showed that EBV induces B cell lymphomas with high frequency in a cord blood-humanized mouse model in which EBV-infected human cord blood is injected intraperitoneally into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice. Since our former studies showed that it is possible for T cells to control the tumors in another NSG mouse model engrafted with both human fetal CD34+ cells and human thymus and liver, here we investigated whether monoclonal antibodies that block the T cell inhibitory receptors, PD-1 and CTLA-4, enhance the ability of cord blood T cells to control the outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas in the cord-blood humanized mouse model. We demonstrate that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in this model express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for the PD-1 receptor, and that T cells express the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors. Furthermore, we show that the combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade strikingly reduces the size of lymphomas induced by a lytic EBV strain (M81) in this model, and that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells. PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade markedly increases EBV-specific T cell responses, and is associated with enhanced tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade decreases the number of both latently, and lytically, EBV-infected B cells. These results indicate that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade enhances the ability of cord blood T cells to control outgrowth of EBV-induced lymphomas, and suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-induced diseases in humans. EBV is a human herpesvirus that remains in the host for life, but is normally well controlled by the host immune response. Nevertheless, EBV causes lymphomas in certain individuals, particularly when T cell function is impaired. Antibodies against two different inhibitory receptors on T cells, PD-1 and CTLA-4, have been recently shown to improve T cell cytotoxic function against a subset of non-virally associated tumors. Here we have used an EBV-infected cord blood-humanized mouse model to show that EBV-infected lymphomas express both the PD-L1 and PD-L2 inhibitory ligands for PD-1. Importantly, we find that the combination of PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade decreases the growth of EBV-induced lymphomas in this model, and demonstrate that this anti-tumor effect requires T cells and enhances their responses to EBV. Our results suggest that PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade might be useful for treating certain EBV-associated diseases in humans.
Collapse
|
34
|
Patton JT, Lustberg ME, Lozanski G, Garman SL, Towns WH, Drohan CM, Lehman A, Zhang X, Bolon B, Pan L, Kinghorn AD, Grever MR, Lucas DM, Baiocchi RA. The translation inhibitor silvestrol exhibits direct anti-tumor activity while preserving innate and adaptive immunity against EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2693-708. [PMID: 25393910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with Epstein-Barr Virus-driven lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-LPD) are limited. Chemo-immunotherapeutic approaches often lead to immune suppression, risk of lethal infection and EBV reactivation, thus it is essential to identify agents that can deliver direct anti-tumor activity while preserving innate and adaptive host immune surveillance. Silvestrol possesses direct anti-tumor activity in multiple hematologic malignancies while causing minimal toxicity to normal mononuclear cells. However, the effects of silvestrol on immune function have not been described. We utilized in vitro and in vivo models of EBV-LPD to simultaneously examine the impact of silvestrol on both tumor and normal immune function. We show that silvestrol induces direct anti-tumor activity against EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), with growth inhibition, decreased expression of the EBV oncogene latent membrane protein-1, and inhibition of the downstream AKT, STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways. Silvestrol promoted potent indirect anti-tumor effects by preserving expansion of innate and EBV antigen-specific adaptive immune effector subsets capable of effective clearance of LCL tumor targets in autologous co-cultures. In an animal model of spontaneous EBV-LPD, silvestrol demonstrated significant therapeutic activity dependent on the presence of CD8-positive T-cells. These findings establish a novel immune-sparing activity of silvestrol, justifying further exploration in patients with EBV-positive malignancies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Smith C, Khanna R. Adoptive therapy for EBV-induced cancers: driving success with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder to other EBV-derived tumors. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:563-72. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a range of human malignancies of lymphocytic and epithelial cell origin. In addition to viral-mediated and genetic oncogenic events that lead to the establishment of EBV-associated malignancies, defects in the immune control of EBV likely play a significant role in promoting the survival of malignant cells. This breakdown in immune surveillance is most evident in immunocompromised transplant patients who are susceptible to the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Observations over the last two decades have shown that reconstitution of EBV-specific cellular immunity via adoptive cell therapy can have a dramatic effect on both preventing and treating post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, leading to hope that similar strategies could be effective in preventing more prevalent EBV-associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer, Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer, Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sohn DH, Sohn HJ, Lee HJ, Lee SD, Kim S, Hyun SJ, Cho HI, Cho SG, Lee SK, Kim TG. Measurement of CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Frequencies Specific for EBV LMP1 and LMP2a Using mRNA-Transfected DCs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127899. [PMID: 26023769 PMCID: PMC4449191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An EBV-specific cellular immune response is associated with the control of EBV-associated malignancies and lymphoproliferative diseases, some of which have been successfully treated by adoptive T cell therapy. Therefore, many methods have been used to measure EBV-specific cellular immune responses. Previous studies have mainly used autologous EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs), recombinant viral vectors transfected or peptide pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) as stimulators of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. In the present study, we used an interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay by using isolated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells stimulated with mRNA-transfected DCs. The frequency of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells was significantly higher than that of LMP2a. The frequency of IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells was significantly correlated with that of CD8+ T cells in LMP1-specific immune responses (r = 0.7187, Pc < 0.0001). To determine whether there were changes in LMP1- or LMP2a-specific immune responses, subsequent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples were analyzed. Significant changes were observed in 5 of the 10 donors examined, and CD4+ T cell responses showed more significant changes than CD8+ T cell responses. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from EBV-seropositive donors secreted only the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, while Th2 (IL-4) and Th17 (IL-17a) cytokines were not detected. CD4+ T cells secreted significantly higher cytokine levels than did CD8+ T cells. Analysis of EBV-specific T cell responses using autologous DCs transfected with mRNA might provide a comprehensive tool for monitoring EBV infection and new insights into the pathogenesis of EBV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Sohn
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Duk Lee
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Joo Hyun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Department of Hematology, Department of Internal medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Kyeong Lee
- Research Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mata M, Vera JF, Gerken C, Rooney CM, Miller T, Pfent C, Wang LL, Wilson-Robles HM, Gottschalk S. Toward immunotherapy with redirected T cells in a large animal model: ex vivo activation, expansion, and genetic modification of canine T cells. J Immunother 2014; 37:407-15. [PMID: 25198528 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown promising antitumor activity in early phase clinical studies, especially for hematological malignancies. However, most preclinical models do not reliably mimic human disease. We reasoned that developing an adoptive T-cell therapy approach for spontaneous osteosarcoma (OS) occurring in dogs would more closely reproduce the condition in human cancer. To generate CAR-expressing canine T cells, we developed expansion and transduction protocols that allow for the generation of sufficient numbers of CAR-expressing canine T cells for future clinical studies in dogs within 2 weeks of ex vivo culture. To evaluate the functionality of CAR-expressing canine T cells, we targeted HER2(+) OS. We demonstrate that canine OS is positive for HER2, and that canine T cells expressing a HER2-specific CAR with human-derived transmembrane and CD28.ζ signaling domains recognize and kill HER2(+) canine OS cell lines in an antigen-dependent manner. To reduce the potential immunogenicity of the CAR, we evaluated a CAR with canine-derived transmembrane and signaling domains, and found no functional difference between human and canine CARs. Hence, we have successfully developed a strategy to generate CAR-expressing canine T cells for future preclinical studies in dogs. Testing T-cell therapies in an immunocompetent, outbred animal model may improve our ability to predict their safety and efficacy before conducting studies in humans.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ondondo B, Faulkner L, Williams NA, Morgan AJ, Morgan DJ. The B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin helps control the in vivo growth of solid tumors expressing the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A. Cancer Med 2015; 4:457-71. [PMID: 25641882 PMCID: PMC4380971 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed on almost all Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors and is a potential target for immunotherapeutic intervention and vaccination. However, LMP2A is not efficiently processed and presented on major histocompatibility antigens class I molecules to generate potent cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) responses capable of killing these tumors. The B subunit of Escherichia coli enterotoxin (EtxB), causes rapid internalization and processing of membrane-bound LMP2A on EBV-infected B cells, and facilitates loading of processed-LMP2A peptides onto MHC class I. This re-directed trafficking/delivery of LMP2A to the MHC class I machinery enhances recognition and killing by LMP2A-specific CTL in vitro. To test the potential of EtxB to enhance immune targeting of LMP2A expressed in solid tumors, we generated a murine tumor model (Renca-LMP2A), in which LMP2A is expressed as a transgenic neoantigen on a renal carcinoma (Renca) cell line and forms solid tumors when injected subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The data show that in BALB/c mice which have only low levels of peripheral Kd-LMP2A-specific CD8+ T cells, merely a transient inhibition of tumor growth is achieved compared with naïve mice; suggesting that there is suboptimal LMP2A-specifc CTL recognition and poorly targeted tumor killing. However, importantly, treatment of these mice with EtxB led to a significant delay in the onset of tumor growth and significantly lower tumor volumes compared with similar mice that did not receive EtxB. Moreover, this remarkable effect of EtxB was achieved despite progressive reduction in tumor expression of LMP2A and MHC class I molecules. These data clearly demonstrate the potential efficacy of EtxB as a novel therapeutic agent that could render EBV-associated tumors susceptible to immune control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ondondo
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a range of malignancies involving B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle. All of these are associated with the latent life cycles of EBV, but the pattern of latency-associated viral antigens expressed in tumor cells depends on the type of tumor. EBV-specific T cells (EBVSTs) have been explored as prophylaxis and therapy for EBV-associated malignancies for more than two decades. EBVSTs have been most successful as prophylaxis and therapy for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) , which expresses the full array of latent EBV antigens (type 3 latency), in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. While less effective, clinical studies have also demonstrated their therapeutic potential for PTLD post-solid organ transplant and for EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that express a limited array of latent EBV antigens (type 2 latency). Several approaches are actively being pursued to improve the antitumor activity of EBVSTs including activation and expansion of T cells specific for the EBV antigens expressed in type 2 latency, genetic approaches to render EBVSTs resistant to the immunosuppressive tumor environment, and combination approaches with other immune-modulating modalities. Given the recent advances and renewed interest in cell therapy, we hope that EBVSTs will become an integral part of our treatment armamentarium against EBV-positive malignancies in the near-future.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Over the last century, the development of effective vaccine approaches to treat a number of viral infections has provided the impetus for the continual development of vaccine platforms for other viral infections, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The clinical manifestations associated with EBV infection occur either following primary infection, such as infectious mononucleosis, or following an extended period of latency, primarily the EBV-associated malignancies and potentially including a number of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. As a consequence, two independent vaccine approaches are under development to prevent or control EBV-associated diseases. The first approach, which has been widely successful against other viral infections, is aimed at inducing a viral neutralisation antibody response to prevent primary infection. The second approach focuses upon the induction of cell-mediated immunity to control latent infected cells in persistently infected individuals. Early clinical studies have offered some insight into the potential efficacy of both of these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Smith
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tang X, Zhou Y, Li W, Tang Q, Chen R, Zhu J, Feng Z. T cells expressing a LMP1-specific chimeric antigen receptor mediate antitumor effects against LMP1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:468-75. [PMID: 25469116 PMCID: PMC4250525 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptor are an attractive strategy to treat Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated malignancies. The EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a 66-KD integral membrane protein encoded by EBV that consists of transmembrane-spanning loops. Previously, we have identified a functional signal chain variable fragment (scFv) that specifically recognizes LMP1 through phage library screening. Here, we constructed a LMP1 specific chimeric antigen receptor containing anti-LMP1 scFv, the CD28 signalling domain, and the CD3ζ chain (HELA/CAR). We tested its functional ability to target LMP1 positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. HELA/CAR cells were efficiently generated using lentivirus vector encoding the LMP1-specific chimeric antigen receptor to infect activated human CD3+ T cells. The HELA/CAR T cells displayed LMP1 specific cytolytic action and produced IFN-γ and IL-2 in response to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells overexpressing LMP1. To demonstrate in vivo anti-tumor activity, we tested the HELA/CAR T cells in a xenograft model using an LMP1 overexpressing tumor. Intratumoral injection of anti-LMP1 HELA/CAR-T cells significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo. These results show that targeting LMP1 using HELA/CAR cells could represent an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with EBV-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ao Yang Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215617, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Otolaryngological, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Qi Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngological, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. ; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Iwahori K, Kakarla S, Velasquez MP, Yu F, Yi Z, Gerken C, Song XT, Gottschalk S. Engager T cells: a new class of antigen-specific T cells that redirect bystander T cells. Mol Ther 2014; 23:171-8. [PMID: 25142939 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with antigen-specific T cells has shown promise for the treatment of malignancies. However, infused T cells are unable to redirect resident T cells, limiting potential benefit. While the infusion of bispecific T-cell engagers can redirect resident T cells to tumors, these molecules have a short half-life, and do not self amplify. To overcome these limitations, we generated T cells expressing a secretable T-cell engager specific for CD3 and EphA2, an antigen expressed on a broad range of human tumors (EphA2-ENG T cells). EphA2-ENG T cells were activated and recognized tumor cells in an antigen-dependent manner, redirected bystander T cells to tumor cells, and had potent antitumor activity in glioma and lung cancer severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) xenograft models associated with a significant survival benefit. This new class of tumor-specific T cells, with the unique ability to redirect bystander T cells, may be a promising alternative to current immunotherapies for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Iwahori
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunitha Kakarla
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [3] Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mireya P Velasquez
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Yu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zongzhen Yi
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Gerken
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Song
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [3] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- 1] Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [2] Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [3] Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [4] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA [5] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Krebs S, Chow KK, Yi Z, Rodriguez-Cruz T, Hegde M, Gerken C, Ahmed N, Gottschalk S. T cells redirected to interleukin-13Rα2 with interleukin-13 mutein--chimeric antigen receptors have anti-glioma activity but also recognize interleukin-13Rα1. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1121-31. [PMID: 24841514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Outcomes for patients with glioblastoma remain poor despite aggressive multimodal therapy. Immunotherapy with genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting interleukin (IL) 13Rα2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, epidermal growth factor variant III or erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A2 has shown promise for the treatment of glioma in preclinical models. On the basis of IL13Rα2 immunotoxins that contain IL13 molecules with one or two amino acid substitutions (IL13 muteins) to confer specificity to IL13Rα2, investigators have constructed CARS with IL13 muteins as antigen-binding domains. Whereas the specificity of IL13 muteins in the context of immunotoxins is well characterized, limited information is available for CAR T cells. METHODS We constructed four second-generation CARs with IL13 muteins with one or two amino acid substitutions, and evaluated the effector function of IL13-mutein CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS T cells expressing all four CARs recognized IL13Rα1 or IL13Rα2 recombinant protein in contrast to control protein (IL4R) as judged by interferon-γ production. IL13 protein produced significantly more IL2, indicating that IL13 mutein-CAR T cells have a higher affinity to IL13Rα2 than to IL13Rα1. In cytotoxicity assays, CAR T cells killed IL13Rα1- and/or IL13Rα2-positive cells in contrast to IL13Rα1- and IL13Rα2-negative controls. Although we observed no significant differences between IL13 mutein-CAR T cells in vitro, only T cells expressing IL13 mutein-CARs with an E13K amino acid substitution had anti-tumor activity in vivo that resulted in a survival advantage of treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that the specificity/avidity of ligands is context-dependent and that evaluating CAR T cells in preclinical animal model is critical to assess their potential benefit.
Collapse
|
44
|
Camacho ZT, Turner MA, Barry MA, Weaver EA. CD46-mediated transduction of a species D adenovirus vaccine improves mucosal vaccine efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:364-74. [PMID: 24635714 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high levels of preexisting immunity against Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) have deemed Ad5 unusable for translation as a human vaccine vector. Low seroprevalent alternative viral vectors may be less impacted by preexisting immunity, but they may also have significantly different phenotypes from that of Ad5. In this study we compare species D Ads (26, 28, and 48) to the species C Ad5. In vitro transduction studies show striking differences between the species C and D viruses. Most notably, Ad26 transduced human dendritic cells much more effectively than Ad5. In vivo imaging studies showed strikingly different transgene expression profiles. The Ad5 virus was superior to the species D viruses in BALB/c mice when delivered intramuscularly. However, the inverse was true when the viruses were delivered mucosally via the intranasal epithelia. Intramuscular transduction was restored in mice that ubiquitously expressed human CD46, the primary receptor for species D viruses. We analyzed both species C and D Ads for their ability to induce prophylactic immunity against influenza in the CD46 transgenic mouse model. Surprisingly, the species D vaccines again failed to induce greater levels of protective immunity as compared with the species C Ad5 when delivered intramuscularly. However, the species D Ad vaccine vector, Ad48, induced significantly greater protection as compared with Ad5 when delivered mucosally via the intranasal route in CD46 transgenic mice. These data shed light on the complexities between the species and types of Ad. Our findings indicate that more research will be required to identify the mechanisms that play a key role in the induction of protective immunity induced by species D Ad vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenaido T Camacho
- 1 Cell Biology, Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University , Silver City, NM 88062
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bollard CM, Gottschalk S, Torrano V, Diouf O, Ku S, Hazrat Y, Carrum G, Ramos C, Fayad L, Shpall EJ, Pro B, Liu H, Wu MF, Lee D, Sheehan AM, Zu Y, Gee AP, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Rooney CM. Sustained complete responses in patients with lymphoma receiving autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane proteins. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:798-808. [PMID: 24344220 PMCID: PMC3940538 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor cells from approximately 40% of patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma express the type II latency Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2, which represent attractive targets for immunotherapy. Because T cells specific for these antigens are present with low frequency and may be rendered anergic by the tumors that express them, we expanded LMP-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from patients with lymphoma using autologous dendritic cells and EBV-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing either LMP2 alone (n = 17) or both LMP2 and ΔLMP1 (n = 33). PATIENTS AND METHODS These genetically modified antigen-presenting cells expanded CTLs that were enriched for specificity against type II latency LMP antigens. When infused into 50 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma, the expanded CTLs did not produce infusional toxicities. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 29 high-risk or multiple-relapse patients receiving LMP-CTLs as adjuvant therapy remained in remission at a median of 3.1 years after CTL infusion. None subsequently died as a result of lymphoma, but nine succumbed to complications associated with extensive prior chemoradiotherapy, including myocardial infarction and secondary malignancies. Of 21 patients with relapsed or resistant disease at the time of CTL infusion, 13 had clinical responses, including 11 complete responses. T cells specific for LMP as well as nonviral tumor-associated antigens (epitope spreading) could be detected in the peripheral blood within 2 months after CTL infusion, but this evidence for epitope spreading was seen only in patients achieving clinical responses. CONCLUSION Autologous T cells directed to the LMP2 or LMP1 and LMP2 antigens can induce durable complete responses without significant toxicity. Their earlier use in the disease course may reduce delayed treatment-related mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Bollard
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Torrano
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Oumar Diouf
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Ku
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Yasmin Hazrat
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - George Carrum
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Luis Fayad
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Barbara Pro
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Hao Liu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Lee
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Andrea M. Sheehan
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Youli Zu
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Adrian P. Gee
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Malcolm K. Brenner
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Helen E. Heslop
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Cliona M. Rooney
- Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Andrea M. Sheehan, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital; Catherine M. Bollard, Stephen Gottschalk, Vicky Torrano, Oumar Diouf, Stephanie Ku, Yasmin Hazrat, George Carrum, Carlos Ramos, Hao Liu, Meng-Fen Wu, Daniel Lee, Andrea M. Sheehan, Youli Zu, Adrian P. Gee, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, and Cliona M. Rooney, Methodist Hospital; Luis Fayad, Elizabeth J. Shpall, and Barbara Pro, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Daniel Lee and Youli Zu, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Abstract
Gene therapy as a treatment for cancer is regarded as high in promise, but low in delivery, a deficiency that has become more obvious with ever-increasing reports of the successful correction of monogenic disorders by this approach. We review the commercial and scientific obstacles that have led to these delays and describe how they are progressively being overcome. Recent and striking successes and correspondingly increased commercial involvement suggest that gene transfer could finally become a powerful method for development of safe and effective cancer therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan F Vera
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bear AS, Kennedy LC, Young JK, Perna SK, Mattos Almeida JP, Lin AY, Eckels PC, Drezek RA, Foster AE. Elimination of metastatic melanoma using gold nanoshell-enabled photothermal therapy and adoptive T cell transfer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69073. [PMID: 23935927 PMCID: PMC3720863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ablative treatments such as photothermal therapy (PTT) are attractive anticancer strategies because they debulk accessible tumor sites while simultaneously priming antitumor immune responses. However, the immune response following thermal ablation is often insufficient to treat metastatic disease. Here we demonstrate that PTT induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and promotes the maturation of dendritic cells within tumor-draining lymph nodes, thereby priming antitumor T cell responses. Unexpectedly, however, these immunomodulatory effects were not beneficial to overall antitumor immunity. We found that PTT promoted the infiltration of secondary tumor sites by CD11b+Ly-6G/C+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, consequently failing to slow the growth of poorly immunogenic B16-F10 tumors and enhancing the growth of distant lung metastases. To exploit the beneficial effects of PTT activity against local tumors and on antitumor immunity whilst avoiding the adverse consequences, we adoptively transferred gp100-specific pmel T cells following PTT. The combination of local control by PTT and systemic antitumor immune reactivity provided by adoptively transferred T cells prevented primary tumor recurrence post-ablation, inhibited tumor growth at distant sites, and abrogated the outgrowth of lung metastases. Hence, the combination of PTT and systemic immunotherapy prevented the adverse effects of PTT on metastatic tumor growth and optimized overall tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adham S. Bear
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Kennedy
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph K. Young
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Serena K. Perna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Adam Y. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Phillip C. Eckels
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebekah A. Drezek
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAD); (AEF)
| | - Aaron E. Foster
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAD); (AEF)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ramos CA, Narala N, Vyas GM, Leen AM, Gerdemann U, Sturgis EM, Anderson ML, Savoldo B, Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Rooney CM. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy of HPV-associated malignancies. J Immunother 2013; 36:66-76. [PMID: 23211628 DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e318279652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer but, although these tumors express foreign, viral antigens (E6 and E7 proteins), they have little benefit in established malignancies, likely due to negative environmental cues that block tumor recognition and induce T-cell anergy in vivo. We postulated that we could identify mechanisms by which ex vivo stimulation of T cells could reactivate and expand tumor-directed T-cell lines from HPV cancer patients for subsequent adoptive immunotherapy. A total of 68 patients with HPV-associated cancers were studied. Peripheral blood T cells were stimulated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with pepmixes [peptide libraries of 15-mers overlapping by 11 amino acids (aa)] spanning E6/E7, in the presence or absence of specific accessory cytokines. The resulting T-cell lines were further expanded with pepmix-loaded activated B-cell blasts. Interferon-γ release and cytotoxic responses to E6/E7 were assessed. We successfully reactivated and expanded (>1200-fold) E6-specific/E7-specific T cells from 8/16 cervical and 33/52 oropharyngeal cancer patients. The presence of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-15 is critical for this process. These T-cell lines possess the desirable characteristics of polyclonality, multiple T-cell subset representation (including the memory compartment) and a TH1 bias, and may eliminate E6/E7 targets. In conclusion, we have shown it is possible to robustly generate HPV16 E6/E7-directed T-cell lines from patients with HPV16-associated cancers. Because our technique is scalable and good-manufacturing procedures-compliant, these lines could be used for adoptive cellular immunotherapy of patients with HPV16 cancers.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kakarla S, Chow KKH, Mata M, Shaffer DR, Song XT, Wu MF, Liu H, Wang LL, Rowley DR, Pfizenmaier K, Gottschalk S. Antitumor effects of chimeric receptor engineered human T cells directed to tumor stroma. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1611-20. [PMID: 23732988 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the principle component of the tumor-associated stroma, form a highly protumorigenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment that mediates therapeutic resistance. Co-targeting CAFs in addition to cancer cells may therefore augment the antitumor response. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP), a type 2 dipeptidyl peptidase, is expressed on CAFs in a majority of solid tumors making it an attractive immunotherapeutic target. To target FAP-positive CAFs in the tumor-associated stroma, we genetically modified T cells to express a FAP-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). The resulting FAP-specific T cells recognized and killed FAP-positive target cells as determined by proinflammatory cytokine release and target cell lysis. In an established A549 lung cancer model, adoptive transfer of FAP-specific T cells significantly reduced FAP-positive stromal cells, with a concomitant decrease in tumor growth. Combining these FAP-specific T cells with T cells that targeted the EphA2 antigen on the A549 cancer cells themselves significantly enhanced overall antitumor activity and conferred a survival advantage compared to either alone. Our study underscores the value of co-targeting both CAFs and cancer cells to increase the benefits of T-cell immunotherapy for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kakarla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, The Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|