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Li W, Wu P, Jin T, Jia J, Chen B, Liu T, Liu Y, Mei J, Luo B, Zhang Z. L-fucose and fucoidan alleviate high-salt diet-promoted acute inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333848. [PMID: 38596683 PMCID: PMC11002173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive salt intake is a widespread health issue observed in almost every country around the world. A high salt diet (HSD) has a strong correlation with numerous diseases, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying HSD-promotion of inflammation and exacerbation of these diseases are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that HSD consumption reduced the abundance of the gut microbial metabolite L-fucose, leading to a more substantial inflammatory response in mice. A HSD led to increased peritonitis incidence in mice, as evidenced by the increased accumulation of inflammatory cells and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 or CCL2), in peritoneal lavage fluid. Following the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, HSD-induced inflammation was abolished, indicating that the proinflammatory effects of HSD were not due to the direct effect of sodium, but rather to HSD-induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. By using untargeted metabolomics techniques, we determined that the levels of the gut microbial metabolite L-fucose were reduced by a HSD. Moreover, the administration of L-fucose or fucoidan, a compound derived from brown that is rich in L-fucose, normalized the level of inflammation in mice following HSD induction. In addition, both L-fucose and fucoidan inhibited LPS-induced macrophage activation in vitro. In summary, our research showed that reduced L-fucose levels in the gut contributed to HSD-exacerbated acute inflammation in mice; these results indicate that L-fucose and fucoidan could interfere with HSD-promotion of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianrong Jin
- Medical College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Jia
- Medical College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bangwei Luo
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Fagunwa O, Davies K, Bradbury J. The Human Gut and Dietary Salt: The Bacteroides/ Prevotella Ratio as a Potential Marker of Sodium Intake and Beyond. Nutrients 2024; 16:942. [PMID: 38612976 PMCID: PMC11013828 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem that plays a pivotal role in maintaining host health. The perturbation of these microbes has been linked to several health conditions. Hence, they have emerged as promising targets for understanding and promoting good health. Despite the growing body of research on the role of sodium in health, its effects on the human gut microbiome remain under-explored. Here, using nutrition and metagenomics methods, we investigate the influence of dietary sodium intake and alterations of the human gut microbiota. We found that a high-sodium diet (HSD) altered the gut microbiota composition with a significant reduction in Bacteroides and inverse increase in Prevotella compared to a low-sodium diet (LSD). However, there is no clear distinction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio between the two diet types. Metabolic pathway reconstruction revealed the presence of sodium reabsorption genes in the HSD, but not LSD. Since it is currently difficult in microbiome studies to confidently associate the F/B ratio with what is considered healthy (e.g., low sodium) or unhealthy (e.g., high sodium), we suggest that the use of a genus-based ratio such as the Bacteroides/Prevotella (B/P) ratio may be more beneficial for the application of microbiome studies in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omololu Fagunwa
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Kirsty Davies
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Jane Bradbury
- School of Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
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Nie T, Huang S, Yang Y, Hu A, Wang J, Cheng Z, Liu W. A review of the world's salt reduction policies and strategies - preparing for the upcoming year 2025. Food Funct 2024; 15:2836-2859. [PMID: 38414443 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of dietary sodium is a significant contributor to non-communicable diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is now a global consensus that regulating salt intake is among the most cost-effective measures for enhancing public health. More than half of the countries worldwide have implemented multiple strategies to decrease salt consumption. Nevertheless, a report on sodium intake reduction published by the World Health Organization revealed that the world is off-track to meet its targeted reduction of 30% by 2025. The global situation regarding salt reduction remains concerning. This review will center on domestic and international salt reduction policies, as well as diverse strategies, given the detrimental effects of excessive dietary salt intake and the existing global salt intake scenario. Besides, we used visualization software to analyze the literature related to salt reduction research in the last five years to explore the research hotspots in this field. Our objective is to enhance public awareness regarding the imperative of reducing salt intake and promoting the active implementation of diverse salt reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Siqi Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Anna Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Zou L, Yu X, Cai K, Xu B, Chen C, Xiao G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide IVGFPAYGH protects against liver injury in mice fed a high‑sodium diet by inhibiting the RAS and remodeling gut microbial communities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128265. [PMID: 37984577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Consuming a high‑sodium diet carries serious health risks and significantly influences the activation state of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study evaluates the protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide IVGFPAYGH on a high‑sodium diet-induced liver injury. IVGFPAYGH supplementation increased the activities of liver antioxidase and decreased the levels of liver inflammatory factor in mice fed a high‑sodium diet (8 % NaCl). IVGFPAYGH supplementation also reduced liver fatty acid synthesis and promoted fatty acid oxidation, increased the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor, and improved liver dyslipidemia. Furthermore, IVGFPAYGH supplementation inhibited the activation of the liver RAS via inhibiting ACE activity and reducing angiotensin II levels in mice fed a high‑sodium diet. Moreover, IVGFPAYGH supplementation could alter the gut microbiota composition toward a normal gut microbiota composition and increase the abundance of the Lactobacillus genus. IVGFPAYGH supplementation also increased the expression levels of small intestinal tight junction protein and cecum short-chain fatty acids. Thus, IVGFPAYGH supplementation may maintain intestinal homeostasis and improve high‑sodium diet-induced liver injury by altering the gut microbiota composition and inhibiting the RAS. IVGFPAYGH is a promising functional ingredient for protecting liver damage caused by a high‑sodium diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezhou Cai
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process from Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Conggui Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process from Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiran Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
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Qi J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Long H, Dong L, Wan P, Zuo Z, Chen W, Song Z. High-Salt-Diet (HSD) aggravates the progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) via regulating epithelial necroptosis. Mol Biomed 2023; 4:28. [PMID: 37691056 PMCID: PMC10493205 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its unclear etiology, there is no specific medicine to cure the recurrent and incurable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unhealthy dietary habits unconsciously contributed to the progression of IBD, for example a High-Salt-Diet (HSD) is the most neglected and frequently adopted habit. However, the molecular mechanism of how HSD aggravates the progression of IBD has yet to remain uncovered. Herein, we focus on the hypothesis that necroptosis pathway may be involved in the process of IBD exacerbated by HSD. To this end, different gene expression (DEGs) profiles of human epithelia under hypertonic culture conditions were applied to screen candidate pathways. What's more, gene expression manipulation, immune microenvironment detection, RIPK3/MLKL gene knockout (KO), and wild-type (WT) mice were carried out to research the promotion of IBD progression under treatments of high salt intake. Based on our present results, gene expression profiles in human normal colon epithelia cell NCM460 were significantly changed under salt- or sucrose-induced hypertonic culture conditions. RIPK3 was significantly up-regulated under both conditions. Furthermore, mice colon epithelia cell CT26 growth was inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner by extra NaCl incubation. Autophagy, and Necroptosis pathways were activated and enhanced by LPS pretreatment. HSD significantly exacerbated DSS-induced IBD symptoms in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, RIPK3-/- and MLKL-/- mice presented severe IBD symptoms in vivo. Overall, the results demonstrated that HSD aggravated the IBD progression via necroptosis activation, providing novel strategies and promising targets for the clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Huan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Affiliated By The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zan Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, P.R. China.
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research Centre, Westbourne St, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
| | - Zhengji Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, P.R. China.
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cardilli A, Hamad I, Dyczko A, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J, Müller DN, Rosshart SP, Kleinewietfeld M. Impact of High Salt-Intake on a Natural Gut Ecosystem in Wildling Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071565. [PMID: 37049406 PMCID: PMC10096756 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian holobiont harbors a complex and interdependent mutualistic gut bacterial community. Shifts in the composition of this bacterial consortium are known to be a key element in host health, immunity and disease. Among many others, dietary habits are impactful drivers for a potential disruption of the bacteria–host mutualistic interaction. In this context, we previously demonstrated that a high-salt diet (HSD) leads to a dysbiotic condition of murine gut microbiota, characterized by a decrease or depletion of well-known health-promoting gut bacteria. However, due to a controlled and sanitized environment, conventional laboratory mice (CLM) possess a less diverse gut microbiota compared to wild mice, leading to poor translational outcome for gut microbiome studies, since a reduced gut microbiota diversity could fail to depict the complex interdependent networks of the microbiome. Here, we evaluated the HSD effect on gut microbiota in CLM in comparison to wildling mice, which harbor a natural gut ecosystem more closely mimicking the situation in humans. Mice were treated with either control food or HSD and gut microbiota were profiled using amplicon-based methods targeting the 16S ribosomal gene. In line with previous findings, our results revealed that HSD induced significant loss of alpha diversity and extensive modulation of gut microbiota composition in CLM, characterized by the decrease in potentially beneficial bacteria from Firmicutes phylum such as the genera Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Tuzzerella, Anaerovorax and increase in Akkermansia and Parasutterella. However, HSD-treated wildling mice did not show the same changes in terms of alpha diversity and loss of Firmicutes bacteria as CLM, and more generally, wildlings exhibited only minor shifts in the gut microbiota composition upon HSD. In line with this, 16S-based functional analysis suggested only major shifts of gut microbiota ecological functions in CLM compared to wildling mice upon HSD. Our findings indicate that richer and wild-derived gut microbiota is more resistant to dietary interventions such as HSD, compared to gut microbiota of CLM, which may have important implications for future translational microbiome research.
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Zhang X, Liang Y, Jiang J, Lu C, Shi F, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Diao H. A High-Salt Diet Exacerbates Liver Fibrosis through Enterococcus-Dependent Macrophage Activation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0340322. [PMID: 36786636 PMCID: PMC10100947 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03403-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People consume more salt than the recommended levels due to poor dietary practices. The effects of long-term consumption of high-salt diets (HSD) on liver fibrosis are unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of HSD on liver fibrosis. In this study, a carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model was used to evaluate fibrotic changes in the livers of mice fed a normal diet (ND) and an HSD. The HSD exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis. Moreover, the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in the HSD group than in the normal group. The proportion of macrophages and activation significantly increased in the livers of HSD-fed mice. Meanwhile, the number of macrophages significantly increased in the small intestinal lamina propria of HSD-fed mice. The levels of profibrotic factors also increased in the small intestine of HSD-fed mice. Additionally, HSD increased the profibrotic chemokines and monocyte chemoattractant levels in the portal vein blood. Further characterization suggested that the HSD decreased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and CLDN1), enhancing the translocation of bacteria. Enterococcus promoted liver injury and inflammation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Enterococcus induced macrophage activation through the NF-κB pathway, thus promoting the expression of fibrosis-related genes, leading to liver fibrogenesis. Similarly, Enterococcus disrupted the gut microbiome in vivo and significantly increased the fibrotic markers, TGF-β, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the liver. IMPORTANCE This study further confirms that Enterococcus induce liver fibrosis in mice. These results indicate that an HSD can exacerbate liver fibrosis by altering the gut microbiota composition, thus impairing intestinal barrier function. Therefore, this may serve as a new target for liver fibrosis therapy and gut microbiota management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Ren Z, Huo Y, Yang W, Peng L, Lv H, Nie L, Wei H, Wan C. Targeting the gut microbiota to investigate the mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1201 in negating colitis aggravated by a high-salt diet. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sui GY, Wang F, Lee J, Roh YS. Mitochondrial Control in Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314890. [PMID: 36499214 PMCID: PMC9736936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The maintenance of mitochondrial function is necessary for a stable immune system. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system leads to the excessive activation of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to IBD and increased severity of CRC. In this review, we focus on the mitochondria and inflammatory signaling pathways and its related gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yan Sui
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.S.R.)
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.S.R.)
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12
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Lian YZ, Chang CC, Chen YS, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chao JCJ. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and capsaicin modulate inflammatory cytokines and colonic microbiota in colitis rats induced by dextran sulfate sodium. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:229-237. [PMID: 36447490 PMCID: PMC9701596 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Active ingredients in the natural products have been considered to be used for alleviating the symptoms of ulcerative colitis, hence the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LP) and capsaicin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats were investigated. Rats were grouped into normal, DSS induced colitis, and colitis treated with 100 mg LP/kg body weight, 12 mg capsaicin/kg body weight, or combined 50 mg LP/kg body weight and 6 mg capsaicin/kg body weight. Treatment with LP or capsaicin was orally fed by gavage for 4 weeks, and 5% DSS was fed via drinking water for 6 days during week 3. Colon tissue and cecum content were collected for analysis. Treatments with LP and/or capsaicin ameliorated disease activity index scores, severity of colon distortion, and shrinkage of colon length. LP and capsaicin decreased colonic pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22) levels. Cecal microbiota in colitis rats were enriched with the genus Turicibacter and Lachnospira. The relative abundance of genus Ruminiclostridium_9 and Ruminoclostridium_1 was increased by LP and capsaicin treatment, respectively. Pretreatment with LP or capsaicin inhibits the severity of colonic damage in rats with DSS-induced colitis via anti-inflammation and modulation of colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, Orenburg 460018, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya Street, 29, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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13
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Wang D, Jin H, Sheng J, Cheng L, Lin Q, Lazerev M, Jin P, Li X. A high salt diet protects interleukin 10-deficient mice against chronic colitis by improving the mucosal barrier function. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:39-46. [PMID: 35944464 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A high salt diet (HSD) is often associated with a high risk for a variety of diseases, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that an HSD enhances Th17 responses and increases the severity of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of HSD (4% NaCl w/w) on colitis in IL-10-/- mice by comparing it with IL-10-/- mice on a normal salt diet (NSD, 1% NaCl w/w). The colonic epithelial barrier integrity in IL-10-/- mice, as well as differentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to high NaCl and proinflammatory cytokines, was also evaluated. Surprisingly, an HSD significantly ameliorated macroscopic colitis, improved the intestinal permeability of FITC-dextran, and decreased multiple proinflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of IL-10-/- mice. While occludin and claudin-1, two major tight-junction proteins, were markedly down-regulated in IL-10-/- mice, HSD effectively restored their expressions. In Caco-2 cells, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) potently decreased the expression of occludin and claudin-1 regardless of salt conditions [0.9% (standard), 1.2%, or 1.5% NaCl]. Under high salt conditions (1.5% NaCl), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was elevated, while the addition of IL-10 further downregulated occludin and claudin-1 expressions by ~50% and lowered TEER. These findings suggest that, in the absence of IL-10, HSD promotes intestinal epithelial integrity and exerts an anti-inflammatory role as demonstrated by alleviated colitis in IL-10-/- mice. Moreover, Caco-2 data indicate that, in an inflammatory environment and under high NaCl conditions, IL-10 may play a proinflammatory role by disrupting colonic epithelial integrity and thus further promoting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China; Department of Medicine/GI Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Pathology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Leon Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States
| | - Mark Lazerev
- Department of Medicine/GI Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China; Senior Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xuhang Li
- Department of Medicine/GI Division, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, United States.
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14
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Bilal M, Ashraf S, Zhao X. Dietary Component-Induced Inflammation and Its Amelioration by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:931458. [PMID: 35938108 PMCID: PMC9354043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.931458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet with many dietary components maintains immune homeostasis directly by interacting with innate and adaptive immune components or indirectly through gut microbiota and their metabolites. Dietary components may inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and promote anti-inflammatory functions or vice versa. Western diets with imbalanced dietary components skew the immune balance toward pro-inflammation and induce intestinal inflammation, consequently leading to many intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular problems, obesity, and diabetes. The dietary component-induced inflammation is usually chronic in nature and frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. Therefore, microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold great potentials to amend immune dysregulation and gut dysbiosis, preventing and treating intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbioitcs are progressively being added to foods and beverages, with claims of health benefits. However, the underlining mechanisms of these interventions for preventing and treating dietary component-induced inflammation are still not very clear. In addition, possibly ineffective or negative consequences of some probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics call for stringent testing and regulation. Here, we will first briefly review inflammation, in terms of its types and the relationship between different dietary components and immune responses. Then, we focus on current knowledge about the direct and indirect effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal and systemic inflammation. Understanding how probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics modulate the immune system and gut microbiota will improve our strategies for preventing and treating dietary component-induced intestinal inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
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Krajina I, Stupin A, Šola M, Mihalj M. Oxidative Stress Induced by High Salt Diet—Possible Implications for Development and Clinical Manifestation of Cutaneous Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in Psoriasis vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071269. [PMID: 35883760 PMCID: PMC9311978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxidative stress is recognized as an important effector mechanism of the immune system, uncontrolled formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promotes excessive tissue damage and leads to disease development. In view of this, increased dietary salt intake has been found to damage redox systems in the vessel wall, resulting in endothelial dysfunction associated with NO uncoupling, inflammation, vascular wall remodeling and, eventually, atherosclerosis. Several studies have reported increased systemic oxidative stress accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity following a high salt diet. In addition, vigorous ionic effects on the immune mechanisms, such as (trans)differentiation of T lymphocytes are emerging, which together with the evidence of NaCl accumulation in certain tissues warrants a re-examination of the data derived from in vitro research, in which the ionic influence was excluded. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), as a primarily Th17-driven inflammatory skin disease with proven inflammation-induced accumulation of sodium chloride in the skin, merits our interest in the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PV, as well as in the possible beneficial effects that could be achieved through modulation of dietary salt intake and antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Krajina
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Šola
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (M.M.); Tel.: +385-31-512-800 (M.M.)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (M.M.); Tel.: +385-31-512-800 (M.M.)
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Li X, Alu A, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13250. [PMID: 35747936 PMCID: PMC9436908 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades. Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension. However, studies in recent years have proposed the existence of extra-renal sodium storage and provided insight into the immunomodulatory function of sodium. OBJECTIVES In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of high salt on various innate and adaptive immune cells and immune-regulated diseases. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to March 2022. RESULTS An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high salt can modulate the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, a high-salt diet can increase tissue sodium concentrations and influence the immune responses in microenvironments, thereby affecting the development of immune-regulated diseases, including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer and infections. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the pathology of certain diseases and indicate that salt might serve as a target or potential therapeutic agent in different disease contexts. CONCLUSION High salt has a profound impact on the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Additionally, an HSD can modulate the development of various immune-regulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Li M, Yang B, Liu W, Chu Z, Cui B, Chen X. Lactobacillus rhamnosus Encapsulated in Alginate/Chitosan Microgels Manipulates the Gut Microbiome to Ameliorate Salt-Induced Hepatorenal Injury. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872808. [PMID: 35495927 PMCID: PMC9047548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the essential regulator of intestinal bacterial diversity, probiotics are a potential treatment for chronic high-salt diet (HSD)–induced metabolic dysfunction. Probiotic cells entrapped in microgels have been confirmed as being more effective than free cells in protecting bacteria against unfavorable conditions, that is, enhancing their stress resistance. This study explored the physiological mechanism by which probiotic microgels relieve HSD–induced hepatorenal injury. Herein, Lactobacillus rhamnosus was encapsulated in alginate-chitosan microgels which the percentage of alginate/chitosan was applied 1.5:0.5 (w/w) in this system, and the encapsulation significantly improved the probiotic viability in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Mice were fed an HSD with L. rhamnosus (SDL) or L. rhamnosus microgels (SDEL). After 8 weeks of administration, dietary sodium was confirmed as inducing the hepatic and renal damages in mice, based on indicators, including serum biomarker levels, histopathological features of tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokine contents in blood levels. However, the serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in the SDL and SDEL-fed mice were significantly lowered compared to the HSD-fed mice, especially in the SDEL group. HSD increased the abundances of Anaeroplasma, Enterorhabdus, Parvibacter, and Bacteroides, while the microgels increased the abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Mucispirillum, and Faecalibaculum. Significant variations of fecal metabolome were validated for SDEL-treated mice, containing those linked to entero-hepatic circulation (e.g., cholic acid), carbohydrate metabolism (i.e., L-lactic acid), and increased antioxidants including citric acid. Furthermore, the probiotic microgels ameliorated intestinal damage by improving barrier and absorption functions. These results augmented existing knowledge on probiotic application for salt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Zhang
| | - Jiajian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yucheng People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- Bo Cui
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Xiao Chen
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18
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He P, Yu L, Tian F, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Dietary Patterns and Gut Microbiota: The Crucial Actors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1628-1651. [PMID: 35348593 PMCID: PMC9526834 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that diet and the gut microbiota are strongly related to the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the effects of the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota on IBD have not been well elucidated. In this article, we aim to explore the complex relation between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and IBD. We first comprehensively summarized the dietary patterns associated with IBD and found that dietary patterns can modulate the occurrence and progression of IBD through various signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and NF-κB. Besides, the gut microbiota performs a vital role in the progression of IBD, which can affect the expression of IBD susceptibility genes, such as dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and APOA-1 , the intestinal barrier (in particular, the expression of tight junction proteins), immune function (especially the homeostasis between effector and regulatory T cells) and the physiological metabolism, in particular, SCFAs, bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan metabolism. Finally, we reviewed the current knowledge on the interaction between dietary patterns and the gut microbiota in IBD and found that dietary patterns modulate the onset and progression of IBD, which is partly attributed to the regulation of the gut microbiota (especially SCFAs-producing bacteria and Escherichia coli). Faecalibacteria as "microbiomarkers" of IBD could be used as a target for dietary interventions to alleviate IBD. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between dietary intake, gut microbiota, and IBD will facilitate the development of personalized dietary strategies based on the regulation of the gut microbiota in IBD and expedite the era of precision nutritional interventions for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Heintzman DR, Fisher EL, Rathmell JC. Microenvironmental influences on T cell immunity in cancer and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:316-26. [PMID: 35039633 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly regulated. While the intrinsic metabolic programs of T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns, the ability of cells to acquire nutrients and cope with hostile microenvironments can limit these pathways. T cells must function in a wide variety of tissue settings, and how T cells interpret these signals to maintain an appropriate metabolic program for their demands or if metabolic mechanisms of immune suppression restrain immunity is an area of growing importance. Both in inflamed and cancer tissues, a wide range of changes in physical conditions and nutrient availability are now acknowledged to shape immunity. These include fever and increased temperatures, depletion of critical micro and macro-nutrients, and accumulation of inhibitory waste products. Here we review several of these factors and how the tissue microenvironment both shapes and constrains immunity.
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20
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Huang Q, Cai G, Liu T, Liu Z. Relationships Among Gut Microbiota, Ischemic Stroke and Its Risk Factors: Based on Research Evidence. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2003-2023. [PMID: 35795301 PMCID: PMC9252587 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s353276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a highly lethal disease and disabling illness while ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of stroke. It has been found that inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of stroke, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture is considered to be the leading cause of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, are also considered as the high-risk factors for stroke. Recently, the topic on how gut microbiota affects human health has aroused great concern. The initiation and progression of ischemic stroke has been found to have close relation with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Hence, this manuscript briefly summarizes the roles of gut microbiota in ischemic stroke and its related risk factors, and the practicability of preventing and alleviating ischemic stroke by reconstructing gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Huang
- First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guannan Cai
- First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ting Liu; Zhihua Liu, Email ;
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Lal S, Kandiyal B, Ahuja V, Takeda K, Das B. Gut microbiome dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Amamou A, Rouland M, Yaker L, Goichon A, Guérin C, Aziz M, Savoye G, Marion-Letellier R. Dietary salt exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis via fibroblasts activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15055. [PMID: 34301970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is a challenge to identify environmental factors such as diet that may be driving this risk. Intestinal fibrosis result from accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins secreted by myofibroblasts. Factors promoting intestinal fibrosis are unknown, but diet appears to be a critical component in its development. Consumption of salt above nutritional recommendations can exacerbate chronic inflammation. So far, high salt diet (HSD) have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of intestinal fibrosis associated to IBD. In the present study, we analyze the role of dietary salt in TNBS chronic colitis induced in rat, an intestinal fibrosis model, or in human colon fibroblast cells. Here, we have shown that high-salt diet exacerbates undernutrition and promoted ECM-associated proteins in fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggested that dietary salt can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to exacerbation of intestinal fibrosis. Dietary salt may be considered as a putative environmental factor that drives intestinal fibrosis risk.
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Geisberger S, Bartolomaeus H, Neubert P, Willebrand R, Zasada C, Bartolomaeus T, McParland V, Swinnen D, Geuzens A, Maifeld A, Krampert L, Vogl M, Mähler A, Wilck N, Markó L, Tilic E, Forslund SK, Binger KJ, Stegbauer J, Dechend R, Kleinewietfeld M, Jantsch J, Kempa S, Müller DN. Salt Transiently Inhibits Mitochondrial Energetics in Mononuclear Phagocytes. Circulation 2021; 144:144-158. [PMID: 33906377 PMCID: PMC8270232 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Dietary high salt (HS) is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Serum sodium transiently increases postprandially but can also accumulate at sites of inflammation affecting differentiation and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Here, we focus on how changes in extracellular sodium, mimicking alterations in the circulation and tissues, affect the early metabolic, transcriptional, and functional adaption of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes. Methods: Using Seahorse technology, pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, and enzyme activity assays, we characterize the central carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes under HS in vitro. HS as well as pharmacological uncoupling of the electron transport chain under normal salt is used to analyze mitochondrial function on immune cell activation and function (as determined by Escherichiacoli killing and CD4+ T cell migration capacity). In 2 independent clinical studies, we analyze the effect of a HS diet during 2 weeks (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02509962) and short-term salt challenge by a single meal (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04175249) on mitochondrial function of human monocytes in vivo. Results: Extracellular sodium was taken up into the intracellular compartment, followed by the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in murine and human macrophages. Mechanistically, HS reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, electron transport chain complex II activity, oxygen consumption, and ATP production independently of the polarization status of macrophages. Subsequently, cell activation is altered with improved bactericidal function in HS-treated M1-like macrophages and diminished CD4+ T cell migration in HS-treated M2-like macrophages. Pharmacological uncoupling of the electron transport chain under normal salt phenocopies HS-induced transcriptional changes and bactericidal function of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes. Clinically, also in vivo, rise in plasma sodium concentration within the physiological range reversibly reduces mitochondrial function in human monocytes. In both a 14-day and single meal HS challenge, healthy volunteers displayed a plasma sodium increase of and respectively, that correlated with decreased monocytic mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Conclusions: Our data identify the disturbance of mitochondrial respiration as the initial step by which HS mechanistically influences immune cell function. Although these functional changes might help to resolve bacterial infections, a shift toward proinflammation could accelerate inflammatory cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Geisberger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Ralf Willebrand
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Christin Zasada
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.)
| | | | - Victoria McParland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Dries Swinnen
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Anneleen Geuzens
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - András Maifeld
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Marion Vogl
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (N.W.).,Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine (N.W.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Ekin Tilic
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Bonn, Germany (T.B., E.T.)
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia (K.J.B.)
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (R.D.)
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Belgium (R.W., D.S., A.G., M.K.)
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Germany (P.N., L.K., M.V., J.J.)
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (S.G., C.Z., S.K.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin (S.G., H.B., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.).,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (S.G., H.B., V.M., A. Maifeld, A. Mähler, N.W., L.M., S.K.F., R.D., D.N.M.)
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24
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Campmans-Kuijpers MJE, Dijkstra G. Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID). Nutrients 2021; 13:1067. [PMID: 33806061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.
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25
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Zeng W, He D, Xing Y, Liu J, Su N, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xing X. Internal connections between dietary intake and gut microbiota homeostasis in disease progression of ulcerative colitis: a review. Food Science and Human Wellness 2021; 10:119-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Matthias J, Heink S, Picard F, Zeiträg J, Kolz A, Chao YY, Soll D, de Almeida GP, Glasmacher E, Jacobsen ID, Riedel T, Peters A, Floess S, Huehn J, Baumjohann D, Huber M, Korn T, Zielinski CE. Salt generates antiinflammatory Th17 cells but amplifies pathogenicity in proinflammatory cytokine microenvironments. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4587-4600. [PMID: 32484796 DOI: 10.1172/jci137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Th cells integrate signals from their microenvironment to acquire distinct specialization programs for efficient clearance of diverse pathogens or for immunotolerance. Ionic signals have recently been demonstrated to affect T cell polarization and function. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was proposed to accumulate in peripheral tissues upon dietary intake and to promote autoimmunity via the Th17 cell axis. Here, we demonstrate that high-NaCl conditions induced a stable, pathogen-specific, antiinflammatory Th17 cell fate in human T cells in vitro. The p38/MAPK pathway, involving NFAT5 and SGK1, regulated FoxP3 and IL-17A expression in high-NaCl conditions. The NaCl-induced acquisition of an antiinflammatory Th17 cell fate was confirmed in vivo in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, which demonstrated strongly reduced disease symptoms upon transfer of T cells polarized in high-NaCl conditions. However, NaCl was coopted to promote murine and human Th17 cell pathogenicity, if T cell stimulation occurred in a proinflammatory and TGF-β-low cytokine microenvironment. Taken together, our findings reveal a context-dependent, dichotomous role for NaCl in shaping Th17 cell pathogenicity. NaCl might therefore prove beneficial for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases in combination with cytokine-blocking drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matthias
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Heink
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Picard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Zeiträg
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Kolz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ying-Yin Chao
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Soll
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustavo P de Almeida
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Glasmacher
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, pRED, Large Molecule Research, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig and German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anneli Peters
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina E Zielinski
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cellular Immunoregulation, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Le Poole IC. Myron Gordon Award paper: Microbes, T-cell diversity and pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:244-255. [PMID: 33438345 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Zhao J, Lu Q, Liu Y, Shi Z, Hu L, Zeng Z, Tu Y, Xiao Z, Xu Q. Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cytokines, Plasticity, and Therapies. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8816041. [PMID: 33553436 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autoimmune bowel disease) are a complex disease. Improper activation of the immune system or imbalance of immune cells can cause the immune system to transform into a proinflammatory state, leading to autoimmune pathological damage. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune diseases are closely related to CD4+ T helper cells (Th). The original CD4 T cells will differentiate into different T helper (Th) subgroups after activation. According to their cytokines, the types of Th cells are different to produce lineage-specific cytokines, which play a role in autoimmune homeostasis. When Th differentiation and its cytokines are not regulated, it will induce autoimmune inflammation. Autoimmune bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Current research shows that its pathogenesis is closely related to Th17 cells. This article reviews the role and plasticity of the upstream and downstream cytokines and signaling pathways of Th17 cells in the occurrence and development of autoimmune bowel disease and summarizes the new progress of IBD immunotherapy.
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29
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Hwang S, Yi HC, Hwang S, Jo M, Rhee KJ. Dietary Salt Administration Decreases Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-Promoted Tumorigenesis via Inhibition of Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8034. [PMID: 33126615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a Western-type diet has been linked to gut-microbiota-mediated colon inflammation that constitutes a risk factor for colorectal cancer. A high salt diet (HSD) exacerbates IL-17A-induced inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease and other autoimmune diseases. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a gut commensal bacterium and reported to be a potent initiator of colitis via secretion of the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT). BFT induces ectodomain cleavage of E-cadherin in colonic epithelial cells, consequently leading to cell rounding, epithelial barrier disruption, and the secretion of IL-8, which promotes tumorigenesis in mice via IL-17A-mediated inflammation. A HSD is characteristic of the Western-type diet and can exhibit inflammatory effects. However, a HSD induces effects in ETBF-induced colitis and tumorigenesis remain unknown. In this study, we investigated HSD effects in ETBF-colonized mice with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis as well as ETBF colitis mice. Unexpectedly, ETBF-infected mice fed a HSD exhibited decreased weight loss and splenomegaly and reduction of colon inflammation. The HSD significantly decreased the expression of IL-17A and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colonic tissues of ETBF-infected mice. In addition, serum levels of IL-17A and nitric oxide (NO) were also diminished. However, HT29/C1 colonic epithelial cells treated with sodium chloride showed no changes in BFT-induced cellular rounding and IL-8 expression. Furthermore, HSD did not affect ETBF colonization in mice. In conclusion, HSD decreased ETBF-induced tumorigenesis through suppression of IL-17A and iNOS expression in the colon. HSD also inhibited colonic polyp numbers in the ETBF-infected AOM/DSS mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that a HSD consumption inhibited ETBF-promoted colon carcinogenesis in mice, indicating that a HSD could have beneficial effects under certain conditions.
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30
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Evans RDR, Antonelou M, Sathiananthamoorthy S, Rega M, Henderson S, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, Müller CA, Doffinger R, Walsh SB, Salama AD. Inherited salt-losing tubulopathies are associated with immunodeficiency due to impaired IL-17 responses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4368. [PMID: 32868758 PMCID: PMC7459119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased extracellular sodium activates Th17 cells, which provide protection from bacterial and fungal infections. Whilst high salt diets have been shown to worsen autoimmune disease, the immunological consequences of clinical salt depletion are unknown. Here, we investigate immunity in patients with inherited salt-losing tubulopathies (SLT). Forty-seven genotyped SLT patients (with Bartter, Gitelman or EAST Syndromes) are recruited. Clinical features of dysregulated immunity are recorded with a standardised questionnaire and immunological investigations of IL-17 responsiveness undertaken. The effects of altering extracellular ionic concentrations on immune responses are then assessed. Patients are hypokalaemic and hypomagnesaemic, with reduced interstitial sodium stores determined by 23Na-magnetic resonance imaging. SLT patients report increased mucosal infections and allergic disease compared to age-matched controls. Aligned with their clinical phenotype, SLT patients have an increased ratio of Th2:Th17 cells. SLT Th17 and Tc17 polarisation is reduced in vitro, yet STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and calcium flux following T cell activation are unaffected. In control cells, the addition of extracellular sodium (+40 mM), potassium (+2 mM), or magnesium (+1 mM) reduces Th2:Th17 ratio and augments Th17 polarisation. Our results thus show that the ionic environment typical in SLT impairs IL-17 immunity, but the intracellular pathways that mediate salt-driven Th17 polarisation are intact and in vitro IL-17 responses can be reinvigorated by increasing extracellular sodium concentration. Whether better correction of extracellular ions can rescue the immunophenotype in vivo in SLT patients remains unknown. Salt levels in culture affect the polarisation of Th17 cells, which normally protect the host from fungal and bacterial infections. Here, the authors study patients with salt-losing tubulopathies (SLT) to find that, while Th17 immunity is dampened in SLT patients, their Th17-inducing signaling pathways are intact and can be reinvigorated by exogenous salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D R Evans
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Marilina Antonelou
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Marilena Rega
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Scott Henderson
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Christoph A Müller
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, German Center for Cancer Research (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Alan D Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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Zhang Z, Sui Y, Luan L, Li B, Qin C. Retracted: A Novel CircRNA Circ_0095424 Regulates Proliferation, Metastasis, and Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells Via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Through Targeting the miR-1238/ HMGB1 Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:e802-e813. [PMID: 32822247 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals is officially retracting the article entitled, A Novel CircRNA Circ_0095424 Regulates Proliferation, Metastasis, and Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells Via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Through Targeting the miR-1238/HMGB1 Axis by Zhang et al., (Cancer Biother Radiopharm epub 19 Aug 2020; DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3563), due to manipulated images appearing in the published paper. The Editor of the journal received an email on August 31, 2020 from the corresponding author of the article, Dr. Chuan Qin, indicating that, ''due to our negligence in organizing the pictures, the protein pictures are repeatedly placed in Figure 7G PI3K. For this, we express our sincerest apologies. We need to [issue] an [erratum] on this issue. We have replaced the protein picture of Figure 7G with the correct picture.'' However, one of the attachments submitted with the request appeared to be the original version of Figure 7 from the accepted manuscript. A second attachment appeared to be the data from three replicates to be used (by the journal) to construct a revised version of Figure 7. The Editor, in turn, informed the authors that it was not at the journal's discretion to create a new image for them, and asked the authors to create the revised figure and supply it to the publisher. Below is the response from Dr. Qin, dated September 2, 2020. "In fact, our team's Western blot experiment commissioned a third-party company for testing. At present, some peers have found that the company has forged experimental reports. We believe that the authenticity of the data provided by the company is problematic. After contacting the company, they were unable to provide the original images. In view of the problems in this manuscript, all the authors discussed and agreed to withdraw the manuscript." As the entirety of the situation is unacceptable, the Editor officially retracts the article based on the "forged experimental reports" and the questionable validity of the data provided. The Editor and Publisher of Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals is dedicated to preserving the integrity of the scientific literature and the community it serves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Liyi Luan
- Department of Orthopedic, The People's Hospital of Gaotang, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The No. 4 Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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Voruganti A, Bowness P. New developments in our understanding of ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis. Immunology 2020; 161:94-102. [PMID: 32696457 PMCID: PMC7496782 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory arthritis with a strong genetic predisposition. We review recent data from genetic and animal studies highlighting the importance of Type 17 immune responses. Furthermore, the efficacy (or lack thereof) of different anti‐cytokine monoclonal antibodies has highlighted the diversity of Type 17 immune cells and cytokines critical to AS and related spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Recent studies have strongly implicated the gut microbiome in AS. Finally, we propose that the local metabolic environment of the joint may have a key role in driving AS, and present a novel model of AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ring structure and play important roles as gene regulators. Disturbed expressions of circRNAs is closely related to varieties of pathological processes. The roles of circRNAs in cancers have gained increasing concerns. The communications between the cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) play complicated roles to affect the malignant behaviors of cancers, which potentially present new therapeutic targets. Herein, we reviewed the roles of circRNAs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
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Fu SH, Chien MW, Hsu CY, Liu YW, Sytwu HK. Interplay between Cytokine Circuitry and Transcriptional Regulation Shaping Helper T Cell Pathogenicity and Plasticity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3379. [PMID: 32403220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder manifested as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by intestinal inflammation and involves a dysregulated immune response against commensal microbiota through the activation of CD4 T helper cells. T helper cell differentiation to effector or regulatory phenotypes is controlled by cytokine networks and transcriptional regulators. Distinct polarized T helper cells are able to alter their phenotypes to adapt to diverse and fluctuating physiological environments. T helper cells exhibit intrinsic instability and flexibility to express cytokines of other lineages or transdifferentiate from one T helper cell type to another in response to various perturbations from physiological cytokine milieu as a means of promoting local immunity in response to injury or ensure tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, functional plasticity and diversity of T helper cells are associated with pathogenicity and are critical for immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. In this review, we provide deeper insights into the combinatorial extrinsic and intrinsic signals that control plasticity and transdifferentiation of T helper cells and also highlight the potential of exploiting the genetic reprogramming plasticity of T helper cells in the treatment of IBD.
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Arroyo Hornero R, Hamad I, Côrte-Real B, Kleinewietfeld M. The Impact of Dietary Components on Regulatory T Cells and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:253. [PMID: 32153577 PMCID: PMC7047770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in developed societies has been associated with a change in lifestyle patterns. Among other factors, increased consumption of certain dietary components, such as table salt and fatty acids and excessive caloric intake has been associated with defective immunological tolerance. Dietary nutrients have shown to modulate the immune response by a direct effect on the function of immune cells or, indirectly, by acting on the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses and are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis, modulating chronic tissue inflammation and autoimmune disease. It is now well-recognized that Tregs show certain degree of plasticity and can gain effector functions to adapt their regulatory function to different physiological situations during an immune response. However, plasticity of Tregs might also result in conversion into effector T cells that may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis. Yet, which environmental cues regulate Treg plasticity and function is currently poorly understood, but it is of significant importance for therapeutic purposes. Here we review the current understanding on the effect of certain dietary nutrients that characterize Western diets in Treg metabolism, stability, and function. Moreover, we will discuss the role of Tregs linking diet and autoimmunity and the potential of dietary-based interventions to modulate Treg function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Côrte-Real
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), University of Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
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do Carmo FLR, Rabah H, Cordeiro BF, da Silva SH, Pessoa RM, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Gagnaire V, Deplanche M, Savassi B, Figueiroa A, Oliveira ER, Fonseca CC, Queiroz MIA, Rodrigues NM, Sandes SHC, Nunes ÁC, Lemos L, Alves JL, Faria AMC, Ferreira Ê, Le Loir Y, Jan G, Azevedo V. Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7198-219. [PMID: 31921383 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (P. freudenreichii wild type, WT) is a probiotic bacterium, which exerts immunomodulatory effects. This strain possesses extractable surface proteins, including SlpB, which are involved in anti-inflammatory effect and in adhesion to epithelial cells. We decided to investigate the impact of slpB gene mutation on immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro assay, P. freudenreichii WT reduced expression of IL-8 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) cytokines in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. P. freudenreichii ΔslpB, lacking the SlpB protein, failed to do so. Subsequently, both strains were investigated in vivo in a 5-FU-induced mucositis mice model. Mucositis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5-FU, characterized by mucosal injury, inflammation, diarrhea, and weight loss. The WT strain prevented weight loss, reduced inflammation and consequently histopathological scores. Furthermore, it regulated key markers, including Claudin-1 (cld1, p<0.0005) and IL-17a (Il17a, p<0.0001) genes, as well as IL-12 (p<0.0001) and IL-1β (p<0.0429) cytokines levels. Mutant strain displayed opposite regulatory effect on cld1 expression and on IL-12 levels. This work emphasizes the importance of SlpB in P. freudenreichii ability to reduce mucositis inflammation. It opens perspectives for the development of probiotic products to decrease side effects of chemotherapy using GRAS bacteria with immunomodulatory surface protein properties.
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Müller DN, Wilck N, Haase S, Kleinewietfeld M, Linker RA. Sodium in the microenvironment regulates immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:243-54. [PMID: 30644452 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During tissue inflammation, immune cells infiltrate the interstitial space of target organs, where they sense and adapt to local environmental stimuli. Such stimuli include not only pathogens but also local factors such as the levels of oxygenation, nutrients and electrolytes. An important electrolyte in this regard is sodium (Na+). Recent in vivo findings have shown a role of Na+ storage in the skin for electrolyte homeostasis. Thereby, Na+ intake may influence the activation status of the immune system through direct effects on T helper cell subsets and innate immune cells in tissues such as the skin and other target organs. Furthermore, high Na+ intake has been shown to alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, with indirect effects on immune cells. The results suggest regulatory roles for Na+ in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, infection and autoimmunity.
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Evans RDR, Antonelou M, Henderson S, Walsh SB, Salama AD. Emerging evidence of an effect of salt on innate and adaptive immunity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:2007-2014. [PMID: 30521016 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt intake as part of a western diet currently exceeds recommended limits, and the small amount found in the natural diet enjoyed by our Paleolithic ancestors. Excess salt is associated with the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but other adverse effects of excess salt intake are beginning to be recognized, including the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Over the last decade there has been an increasing body of evidence demonstrating that salt affects multiple components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this review we outline the recent laboratory, animal and human data, highlighting the effect of salt on immunity, with a particular focus on the relevance to inflammatory kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D R Evans
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Marilina Antonelou
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Scott Henderson
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Alan D Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Silva I, Pinto R, Mateus V. Preclinical Study in Vivo for New Pharmacological Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Chronic Model of TNBS-Induced Colitis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101574. [PMID: 31581545 PMCID: PMC6832474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical studies in vivo provide means of characterizing physiologic interactions when our understanding of such processes is insufficient to allow replacement with in vitro systems and play a pivotal role in the development of a novel therapeutic drug cure. Chemically induced colitis models are relatively easy and rapid to develop. The 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis model is one of the main models in the experimental studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) since inflammation induced by TNBS mimics several features of Crohn’s disease. This review aims to summarize the existing literature and discuss different protocols for the induction of chronic model of TNBS-induced colitis. We searched MEDLINE via Pubmed platform for studies published through December 2018, using MeSH terms (Crohn Disease.kw) OR (Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.kw) OR (Colitis, Ulcerative.kw) AND (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.kw) AND (disease models, animal.kw) AND (mice.all). The inclusion criteria were original articles, preclinical studies in vivo using mice, chronic model of colitis, and TNBS as the inducer of colitis and articles published in English. Chronic TNBS-induced colitis is made with multiple TNBS intrarectal administrations in an average dose of 1.2 mg using a volume lower than 150 μL in 50% ethanol. The strains mostly used are Balb/c and C57BL/6 with 5–6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers like interferon (IFN)-γ, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of the inflammation. Experimental chronic colitis is induced by multiple rectal instillations of TNBS increasing doses in ethanol using Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Silva
- H&TRC–Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL–Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rui Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- JCS, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Miraflores, 1495-069 Algés, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Mateus
- H&TRC–Health and Technology Research Center, ESTeSL–Lisbon School of Health Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-218-980-400; Fax: +351-218-980-460
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Peng C, Li NS, Hu Y, Lu NH. Impact factors that modulate gastric cancer risk in Helicobacter pylori-infected rodent models. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12580. [PMID: 30950162 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer causes a large social and economic burden to humans. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a major risk factor for distal gastric cancer. Detailed elucidation of H pylori pathogenesis is significant for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Animal models of H pylori-induced gastric cancer have provided an invaluable resource to help elucidate the mechanisms of H pylori-induced carcinogenesis as well as the interaction between host and the bacterium. Rodent models are commonly used to study H pylori infection because H pylori-induced pathological processes in the stomachs of rodents are similar to those in the stomachs of humans. The risk of gastric cancer in H pylori-infected animal models is greatly dependent on host factors, bacterial determinants, environmental factors, and microbiota. However, the related mechanisms and the effects of the interactions among these impact factors on gastric carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the impact factors mediating gastric cancer risk when establishing H pylori-infected animal models. Clarifying these factors and their potential interactions will provide insights to construct animal models of gastric cancer and investigate the in-depth mechanisms of H pylori pathogenesis, which might contribute to the management of H pylori-associated gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wilck N, Balogh A, Markó L, Bartolomaeus H, Müller DN. The role of sodium in modulating immune cell function. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:546-58. [PMID: 31239546 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium intake is undoubtedly indispensable for normal body functions but can be detrimental when taken in excess of dietary requirements. The consequences of excessive salt intake are becoming increasingly clear as high salt consumption persists across the globe. Salt has long been suspected to promote the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases and is now also recognized as a potential modulator of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through its direct and indirect effects on immune cells. The finding that, in addition to the kidneys, other organs such as the skin regulate sodium levels in the body prompted new hypotheses, including the concept that skin-resident macrophages might participate in tissue sodium regulation through their interactions with lymphatic vessels. Moreover, immune cells such as macrophages and different T cell subsets are found in sodium-rich interstitial microenvironments, where sodium levels modulate their function. Alterations to the intestinal bacterial community induced by excess dietary salt represent another relevant axis whereby salt indirectly modulates immune cell function. Depending on the inflammatory context, sodium might either contribute to protective immunity (for example, by enhancing host responses against cutaneous pathogens) or it might contribute to immune dysregulation and promote the development of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Tian C, Chen X, Li H, Wei X, Lin W, Zheng N, Jiang A, Feng R, Yuan J, Zhao X. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Investigate the Mechanism of Lactulose in Negating the Effects of a High-Salt Diet on Hypertension. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800941. [PMID: 30825362 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-salt diets (HSDs) are widely considered to cause health problems such as gut microecological imbalances, constipation, and hypertension. This study explores how lactulose as a safe molecule can stimulate bodily responses to alleviate salt-sensitive hypertension by regulating the gut microbiotas of HSD-fed mice. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 weeks, the blood pressures of mice fed a high-salt plus lactulose diet (HSLD) are significantly lower than those of the HSD-fed mice. The HSD increases the abundances of Alistipes and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut, while lactulose supplementation increases the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella, and Subdoligranulum. Fecal metabolic profiling shows significant increases in metabolites involved in ATP-binding cassette transporter pathways, and tryptophan metabolism is significantly reduced in the HSLD group compared with the HSD group. Lactulose maintains the intestinal microenvironmental health in the HSD-fed mice by improving glycolipid metabolism, decreasing the small intestinal interleukin-17a (IL-17a) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) mRNA levels and serum IL-17a and IL-22 levels, relieving constipation, increasing fecal sodium, and reducing intestinal permeability. CONCLUSION Lactulose negates salt-sensitive hypertension. Regulating the gut microbiota is a potential treatment for salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changyu Tian
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Weishi Lin
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Naxin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ruo Feng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, China PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
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Scrivo R, Perricone C, Altobelli A, Castellani C, Tinti L, Conti F, Valesini G. Dietary Habits Bursting into the Complex Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: The Emerging Role of Salt from Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051013. [PMID: 31060286 PMCID: PMC6566149 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases have increased in Western countries over the last years. The pathogenesis of these disorders is multifactorial, with a combination of genetic and environmental factors involved. Since the epidemiological changes cannot be related to genetic background, which did not change significantly in that time, the role of environmental factors has been reconsidered. Among these, dietary habits, and especially an excessive salt, typical of processed foods, has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize current evidence, deriving both from experimental models and clinical studies, on the capability of excessive salt intake to exacerbate proinflammatory responses affecting the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Data on several diseases are presented, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn’s disease, with many of them supporting a proinflammatory effect of salt. Likewise, a hypertonic microenvironment showed similar effects in experimental models both in vivo and in vitro. However, murine models of spontaneous autoimmune polyneuropathy exposed to high salt diet suggest opposite outcomes. These results dictate the need to further analyse the role of cooking salt in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases, trying to shape a fine tuning between the possible advantages of a restricted salt intake and the changes in circulating metabolites, mediators, and hormones which come along salt consumption and could in turn influence autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Scrivo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Carlo Perricone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Alessio Altobelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Tinti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Sumida T, Lincoln MR, Ukeje CM, Rodriguez DM, Akazawa H, Noda T, Naito AT, Komuro I, Dominguez-Villar M, Hafler DA. Activated β-catenin in Foxp3 + regulatory T cells links inflammatory environments to autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1391-1402. [PMID: 30374130 PMCID: PMC6240373 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are the central component of peripheral immune tolerance. While dysregulated Treg cytokine signature has been observed in autoimmune diseases, the regulatory mechanisms underlying pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production are elusive. Here, we identify imbalance between IFN-γ and IL-10 as a shared Treg signature, present in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and under high salt conditions. RNA-sequencing analysis on human Treg subpopulations reveals β-catenin as a key regulator of IFN-γ and IL-10 expression. The activated β-catenin signature is enriched in human IFN-γ+ Treg cells, which is confirmed in vivo with Treg specific β-catenin-stabilized mice exhibiting lethal autoimmunity with a dysfunctional Treg phenotype. Moreover, we identify prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) as a regulator for IFN-γ and IL-10 production under high salt environment, with skewed activation of the β-catenin-SGK1-Foxo axis. Our findings reveal a novel PTGER2-β-catenin loop in Treg cells linking environmental high salt conditions to autoimmunity. Further information on experimental design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Sumida
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Matthew R Lincoln
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chinonso M Ukeje
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Donald M Rodriguez
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko T Naito
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Margarita Dominguez-Villar
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Immunology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lopes de Oliveira GA, Alarcón de la Lastra C, Rosillo MÁ, Castejon Martinez ML, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Rolim Medeiros JV, Villegas I. Preventive effect of bergenin against the development of TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats is associated with inflammatory mediators inhibition and NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 297:25-33. [PMID: 30365937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by intestinal inflammation; blocking this inflammatory process may be the key to the development of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory drugs, with greater efficiency and lower side effects. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of bergenin (BG) in TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced acute colitis model in rats in order to assist in the studies for the development of novel natural product therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. 48 Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: (i) Control and (ii) TNBS control; (iii) 5-ASA 100 mg/kg/day (iv) BG 12 mg/kg/day (v) BG 25 mg/kg/day and (vi) BG 50 mg/kg/day. Colitis was induced by instillation of TNBS. Colitis was evaluated by an independent observer who was blinded to the treatment. Our results revealed that bergenin decreased the macroscopic and microscopic damage signs of colitis, and reduced the degree of neutrophilic infiltration in the colon tissue; also, it was capable to down-regulate COX-2, iNOS, IkB-α, and pSTAT3 protein expression. Similarly, using a protocol for indirect ELISA quantification of cytokines, bergenin treatment reduced IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, and inhibited both canonical (IL-1) and non-canonical (IL-11) NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathways in TNBS-induced acute colitis. Conclusion: Our study has provided evidence that administration of bergenin reduced the damage caused by TNBS in an experimental model of acute colitis in rats, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines probably by modulation of pSTAT3 and NF-κB signaling and blocking canonical and non-canonical NLRP3/ASC inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Antônio Lopes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Piauí, São Sebastião Street 2819, 64202-020, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Catalina Alarcón de la Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Castejon Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO) Federal University of Piauí, São Sebastião Street 2819, 64202-020, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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Sharif K, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. The role of dietary sodium in autoimmune diseases: The salty truth. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1069-73. [PMID: 30213699 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous condition that occur secondary to the intrinsic loss of tolerance to self- antigens. In genetically susceptible individuals, the complex interplay of environmental factors and epigenetic deregulations have been proposed to drive disease etiopathogenesis. Various environmental variables have been identified including viral infections, exposure to pollutants, stress and dietary factors. Sodium, a major constituent of salt is essential for mammalian physiology. However, high salt intake may play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Several lines of evidence point toward the role of high sodium intake in reversing the suppressive effects of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and instead promoting cellular shift toward T-helper (Th)-1 and Th17 pro-inflammatory phenotypes. These effects have been attributed to cascade of events that ultimately results in downstream activation of serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (Sgk1). In vivo, various autoimmune animal models have confirmed the role of high sodium diet in the emergence and the exacerbation of autoimmune conditions including for instance Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model for multiple sclerosis, MRL/lpr mouse model for lupus nephritis, collagen induced arthritis model for rheumatoid arthritis, and dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis, and TNBS-induced colitis models for Crohn's disease. Clinical epidemiological studies are scarce. High sodium intake was associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis disease emergence. In multiple sclerosis, some studies suggest a relation to clinical exacerbation rates however other studies did not corroborate these results. Taken together, high dietary salt intake plays a role in the spectrum of autoimmune disease etiology. Further research is warranted to better characterize such relationship and assist in identifying individuals that would benefit from dietary salt restriction.
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Spagnuolo R, Dattilo V, D'Antona L, Cosco C, Tallerico R, Ventura V, Conforti F, Camastra C, Mancina RM, Catalogna G, Cosco V, Iuliano R, Carbone E, Perrotti N, Amato R, Doldo P. Deregulation of SGK1 in Ulcerative Colitis: A Paradoxical Relationship Between Immune Cells and Colonic Epithelial Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1967-1977. [PMID: 29788407 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an unbalanced immune response ultimately resulting in the peculiar inflammatory reaction. Experimental models of IBD point to a role of T-cell-derived cytokines (Th17) and to SGK1 as mediator of the Th17 switch. We hypothesize that SGK1, a salt inducible kinase, directs lymphocytic behavior and tissue damage. METHODS Eleven controls and 32 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were randomized according to endoscopic Mayo score. Mucosal biopsies from different intestinal tracts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to check the expression of disease markers including SGK1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients and controls were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Finally, an in vitro cell model was developed to test the hypothesis. RESULTS SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in lesional areas of UC patients were lower than in normal peri-lesional areas of the same patients and in normal tissues of healthy controls. SGK1 expression was increased in PBMCs from UC patients, particularly in the CD4+ cell population, enriched in Th17 cells. IL17/IL13 was increased in patients and correlated with SGK1 expression. Genetically engineered Jurkat cells confirmed the effect of SGK1 overexpression on viability of RKO cells. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest a pathogenic mechanism whereby SGK1 overexpression in CD4+ T cells induces the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL17 and IL13, which downregulate the expression of SGK1 in target tissues. Our data suggest a novel hypothesis in the pathogenesis of UC, integrating colonic epithelial cells and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Spagnuolo
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Lucia D'Antona
- Departments of "Scienze della Salute,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Cosco
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossana Tallerico
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Vincenzo Cosco
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Carbone
- Departments of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica," University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Microbiology Cell and Tumor Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rosario Amato
- Departments of "Scienze della Salute,", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Departments of "Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche,", Catanzaro, Italy
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD present with debilitating symptoms that alter the quality of life and can develop into severe complications requiring surgery. Epidemiological evidence indicates Westernized societies have an elevated IBD burden when compared with Asian societies. Considering the stark contrast between the typical Western and Eastern dietary patterns, it is postulated that differences in food and lifestyle contribute to lower IBD incidence in Asian countries. Soybeans (Glycine max), which are consumed in high quantities and as various preparations in Eastern societies, contain a wealth of natural, biologically active compounds that include isoflavones, bioactive peptides, protease inhibitors, and phytosterols, among many others. These compounds have been shown to improve human health, and preclinical evidence suggests they have potential to improve the prognosis of IBD. This review summarizes the current state of evidence regarding the effects and the mechanisms of action of these soybean-derived bioactive compounds in experimental models of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Juritsch
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Haase S, Wilck N, Kleinewietfeld M, Müller DN, Linker RA. Sodium chloride triggers Th17 mediated autoimmunity. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 329:9-13. [PMID: 29983198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of a high-salt diet on human health have received much attention in the past few years. While it has been well established that high dietary salt intake is related to cardiovascular diseases, there is growing evidence that excess salt also affects the immune system and might be considered as a risk factor in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Several studies have implicated T helper 17 cells (Th17) in the pathogenesis of MS. We and others recently demonstrated that excessive salt enhances the differentiation of Th17 cells, inducing a highly pathogenic phenotype that aggravates experimental neuroinflammation. Moreover, a diet rich in sodium affects intestinal microbiota alongside increased intestinal Th17 cells, thus linking the detrimental effects of high salt consumption to the gut-immune axis. First human studies revealed an association of increased MS disease activity with elevated sodium chloride consumption, while more recent epidemiology studies in larger cohorts suggest no correlation between salt intake and MS. However, it is known that ordinary urinary sodium analyses and nutritional questionnaires do not necessarily correspond to the actual sodium load and more sophisticated analyses are needed. Moreover, studies revealed that sodium can temporarily be stored in the body. This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of salt on the immune system and discusses potential challenges investigating dietary salt intake as a risk factor in MS.
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