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Fallahnezhad S, Ghorbani-Taherdehi F, Sahebkar A, Nadim A, Kafashzadeh M, Kafashzadeh M, Gorji-Valokola M. Potential neuroprotective effect of nanomicellar curcumin on learning and memory functions following subacute exposure to bisphenol A in adult male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2691-2720. [PMID: 37843661 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly utilized in the manufacture of plastics, which may cause damage to brain tissue. Curcumin is a phytochemical with protective effects against neurological and mental diseases. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether nanomicellar curcumin (NmCur) might protect rats against BPA-induced learning and memory deficits. After determining the proper dose of BPA, the animals were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 rats in each group) receiving dextrose 5% (as vehicle of NmCur) (Dex), sesame oil (as vehicle of BPA) (Sea), Sea plus Dex, NmCur (50 mg/kg), BPA (50 mg/kg), and 50 mg/kg BPA plus 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg NmCur groups, respectively. Behavioral tests performed using passive avoidance training (PAT), open-field (OF), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. The expression of oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress-scavenging enzymes, glutamate receptors, and MAPK and memory-related proteins was measured in rat hippocampus and cortical tissues. BPA up-regulated ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD, GST, p-P38, and p-JNK levels; however, it down-regulated GSH, GPx, GR, CAT, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, p-NR1, p-NR2A, p-NR2B, p-GluA1, p-CREB, and BDNF levels. BPA decreased step-through latency (STL) and peripheral and total, but not central, locomotor activity. It increased the time to find the hidden platform, the mean of escape latency time, and the traveled distance in the target quadrant, but decreased the time spent in the target quadrant. The combination of BPA (50 mg/kg) and NmCur (25 and 50 mg/kg) reversed all of BPA's adverse effects. Therefore, NmCur exhibited neuroprotective effects against subacute BPA-caused learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Nervous System Stem Cell Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani-Taherdehi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azade Nadim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Kafashzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Kafashzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Jain SK, Justin Margret J, Lally M. Positive association of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and HbA1c, and a negative association with hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) levels among healthy African Americans, and H 2S-inhibition and high-glucose-upregulation of AChE in cultured THP-1 human monocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:185-190. [PMID: 37866755 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in people over the age of 65 and in African Americans (AA). Elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been considered a major player in the onset of AD symptoms. As a result, many FDA-approved AD drugs target AChE inhibition to treat AD patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule known to downregulate oxidative stress and inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the blood is widely used as a biomarker to monitor inflammation and immunity. This study examined the hypothesis that plasma AChE levels have a negative association with H2S levels and that a positive association exists between levels of NLR, HbA1c, and ROS with the AChE in the peripheral blood. The fasting blood sample was taken from 114 African Americans who had provided written informed consent approved by the IRB. The effect of H2S and high-glucose treatment on AChE activity levels was also investigated in THP-1 human monocytes. There was a significant negative relationship between AChE and the levels of H2S (r = -0.41, p = 0.001); a positive association between the levels of AChE with age (r = 0.26, p = 0.03), NLR (r = 0.23, p = 0.04), ROS (r = 0.23, p = 0.04) and HbA1c levels (r = 0.24, p = 0.04), in AA subjects. No correlation was seen between blood levels of AChE and acetylcholine (ACh). Blood creatinine had a negative correlation (r = -0.23, p = 0.04) with ACh levels. There was a significant effect of H2S on AChE inhibition and of high glucose in upregulating AChE activity in cultured monocytes. This study suggests hyperglycemia and lower H2S status can contribute to an increase in the AChE activity levels. Future clinical studies are needed to examine the potential benefits of supplementation with hydrogen sulfide pro-drugs/compounds in reducing the AChE and the cognitive dysfunctions associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Justin Margret
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Marissa Lally
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
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Khan AU, Mohany M, Khan HU, Fozia F, Khan S, Kamran N, Khan FU, Al-Rejaie SS, Ahmad I, Zaghloul NSS, Aboul-Soud MAM. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. OPEN CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles biofabricated by Taverniera glabra in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals (160–200 g) were divided into nine groups (n = 9). The blood glucose, body weight, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase test (CAT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined. Oral administration of nanoparticles and T. glabra methanol extract (TGME; 10 and 15 mg/kg b.w) significantly decreased the glucose level, increased the body weight, controlled the quantitative level of G6PD, and significantly decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, cholesterol, and creatinine. Moreover, TGME and their Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles significantly restored the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) that decreased during induced diabetes. In the diabetic group, a significant increase in TBARS was noted and recovered in diabetic animals (p < 0.05) as compared to glibenclamide. The AChE activity was significantly recovered by nanoparticles and TGME both in the blood and brain of the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Taken together, it can be suggested that TGME and Zn and Fe oxide nanoparticles significantly improved memory and could be considered as an effective biogenic nanomaterial for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Bannu , 28100, KP , Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hidayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Bannu , 28100, KP , Pakistan
| | - Fozia Fozia
- Department of Biochemistry, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences , Kohat 26000 , Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Bannu , 28100, KP , Pakistan
| | - Naveed Kamran
- Lady Reading Hospital , Peshawar 25000 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Science and Technology , Bannu , 28100, KP , Pakistan
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science &Technology , 26000 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Nouf S. S. Zaghloul
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol BS8 1FD , UK
| | - Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University , P.O. Box 10219 , Riyadh 11433 , Saudi Arabia
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Costantini E, Carrarini C, Borrelli P, De Rosa M, Calisi D, Consoli S, D’Ardes D, Cipollone F, Di Nicola M, Onofrj M, Reale M, Bonanni L. Different peripheral expression patterns of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:3. [PMID: 36647139 PMCID: PMC9843938 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diffuse distribution of nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) in both brain and peripheral immune cells points out their involvement in several pathological conditions. Indeed, the deregulated function of the nAChR was previously correlated with cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The evaluation in peripheral immune cells of nAChR subtypes, which could reflect their expression in brain regions, is a prominent investigation area. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the expression levels of both the nAChR subunits and the main known inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with DLB and AD to better characterize their involvement in these two diseases. RESULTS Higher gene expression levels of TNFα, IL6 and IL1β were observed in DLB and AD patients in comparison with healthy controls (HC). In our cohort, a reduction of nAChRα4, nAChRβ2 and nAChRβ4 was detected in both DLB and AD with respect to HC. Considering nAChR gene expressions in DLB and AD, significant differences were observed for nAChRα3, nAChRα4, nAChRβ2 and nAChRβ4 between the two groups. Moreover, the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) gene expression was significantly higher in DLB than in AD. Correlation analysis points out the relation between different nAChR subtype expressions in DLB (nAChRβ2 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα4 vs nAChRα3) and AD (nAChRα4 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα4 vs nAChRβ4; nAChRα7 vs nAChRα3; nAChRα7 vs nAChRα4). CONCLUSIONS Different gene expressions of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and nAChR subtypes may represent a peripheral link between inflammation and neurodegeneration. Inflammatory cytokines and different nAChRs should be valid and accurate peripheral markers for the clinical diagnosis of DLB and AD. However, although nAChRs show a great biological role in the regulation of inflammation, no significant correlation was detected between nAChR subtypes and the examined cytokines in our cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Costantini
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - C. Carrarini
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Borrelli
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. De Rosa
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D. Calisi
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Consoli
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D. D’Ardes
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Cipollone
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Di Nicola
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Onofrj
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Reale
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - L. Bonanni
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Khan S, Khan HU, Khan FA, Shah A, Wadood A, Ahmad S, Almehmadi M, Alsaiari AA, Shah FU, Kamran N. Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Effects of Nelumbo nucifera L. Alkaloids, Nuciferine and Norcoclaurine in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101205. [PMID: 36297317 PMCID: PMC9608663 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is aimed to determine the efficacy and dose response of the nuciferine (1), norcoclaurine (2) and crude extract of Nelumbo nucifera in managements of diabetes, Alzheimer disease and related allergies. Experimentally, alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.))-induced diabetic rats (200−250 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group I: normal control, Group II: diabetic control, Group III: standard treated with glibenclamide and Group lV-VII: treated with methanolic crude extracts (100, 200 mg/kg), nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg b.w.) for 15 days. Different tests were performed, including blood glucose, body weights and antioxidant enzyme assays, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase test (CAT), lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS), glutathione assay (GSH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay. Nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly reduced blood glucose (p < 0.05) and restored body weight in diabetic rats. Moreover, nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) significantly recovered the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH) which decreased during induced diabetes. Significant increase in TBARS was also observed in the diabetic group and nuciferine as well as norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) inhibited the increase in TBARS in diabetic animals (p < 0.05), as compared to glibenclamide. AChE activity was significantly recovered by nuciferine and norcoclaurine (10 mg/kg) both in the blood and brain of the diabetic group (p < 0.05). Nuciferine and norcoclaurine showed potent inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50, 19.06 ± 0.03, 15.03 ± 0.09 μM and 24.07 ± 0.05, 18.04 ± 0.021 μM, as confirmed by molecular docking studies. This study concludes that nuciferine and norcoclaurine significantly improve memory and could be considered as an effective phytomedicine for diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (F.A.K.); Tel.: +92-3339724044 (F.A.K.)
| | - Hidayat Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (F.A.K.); Tel.: +92-3339724044 (F.A.K.)
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Rehman Medical Collage, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Kamran
- Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in humans: State-of-the-art review and future directions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104622. [PMID: 35300992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system modulates inflammation through efferent vagus nerve signaling. Tracey (2002) termed this process as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Interest in the potential practical use of this immune-modulatory process is increasing alongside increasing appreciation for the role of systemic inflammation in the etiology of somatic and psychological disease. A diverse literature exists providing expansive correlational evidence and some preliminary experimental evidence of the CAP in humans. However, so far this literature has not been well integrated and critically evaluated. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of research into vagus nerve driven parasympathetic control of inflammation in humans. Substantial limitations and gaps in the literature are identified, and promising directions for future research are highlighted.
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Peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes in Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:110-121. [PMID: 35279225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the blood-brain barrier may allow peripheral blood lymphocytes to enter the central nervous system; these may participate in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles of patients with AD and PD and their association with the disease and its progression. METHODS The study included 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and a group of healthy individuals. Ten of the patients with AD and 12 of those with PD were evaluated a second time 17 to 27 months after the start of the study. Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation status were determined by flow cytometry. All patients underwent neurological examinations using internationally validated scales. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, patients with AD and PD showed significantly higher levels of activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes susceptible to apoptosis, central memory T cells, and regulatory T and B cells. As the diseases progressed, there was a significant decrease in activated cells (CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38+ in PD and AD, CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ in PD), T cells susceptible to apoptosis, and some regulatory populations (CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ in PD and AD, CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ FoxP3+, CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ CD45RO+ in PD). In patients with AD, disease progression was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ CD38+ cells and higher percentages of effector CD4 cells at the beginning of the study. Significant differences were observed between both diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes associated with AD and PD and their severity. Considering effective blood-brain communication, our results open new avenues of research into immunomodulation therapies to treat these diseases.
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Garfias S, Tamaya Domínguez B, Toledo Rojas A, Arroyo M, Rodríguez U, Boll C, Sosa AL, Sciutto E, Adalid-Peralta L, Martinez López Y, Fragoso G, Fleury A. Peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes in Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Neurologia 2022; 37:110-121. [PMID: 30871733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the blood-brain barrier may allow peripheral blood lymphocytes to enter the central nervous system; these may participate in disease pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles of patients with AD and PD and their association with the disease and its progression. METHODS The study included 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and a group of healthy individuals. Ten of the patients with AD and 12 of those with PD were evaluated a second time 17 to 27 months after the start of the study. Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation status were determined by flow cytometry. All patients underwent neurological examinations using internationally validated scales. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, patients with AD and PD showed significantly higher levels of activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes susceptible to apoptosis, central memory T cells, and regulatory T and B cells. As the diseases progressed, there was a significant decrease in activated cells (CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38 + in PD and AD, CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ in PD), T cells susceptible to apoptosis, and some regulatory populations (CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ in PD and AD, CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ FoxP3+, CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ CD45RO+ in PD). In patients with AD, disease progression was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ CD38+ cells and higher percentages of effector CD4 cells at the beginning of the study. Significant differences were observed between both diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes associated with AD and PD and their severity. Considering effective blood-brain communication, our results open new avenues of research into immunomodulation therapies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garfias
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B Tamaya Domínguez
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Toledo Rojas
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Arroyo
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - U Rodríguez
- Clínica de Parkinson, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - C Boll
- Clínica de Parkinson, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A L Sosa
- Clínica de Demencia, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Y Martinez López
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Fleury
- Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Facultad de Medicina-UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México.
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Liu W, Liu Z, Li YC. COVID-19-related myocarditis and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 62:265-269. [PMID: 33301863 PMCID: PMC7722500 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is currently in a pandemic outbreak and has become a global health issue. In addition to the primarily involvement of the respiratory system, myocarditis is considered an important and fatal lesion in patients with COVID-19. However, effective therapeutic methods are currently lacking. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been demonstrated to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production and control inflammation in sepsis and other medical conditions. Therefore, the CAP may be a potential and effective therapeutic method for COVID-19-related myocarditis. This article reviews the relationship between COVID-19-related myocarditis and the CAP and discusses the CAP as a potential therapeutic modality in the treatment of COVID-19-related myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Basic Medicine College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
| | - Yue-Chun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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10
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Rossi M, Freschi M, de Camargo Nascente L, Salerno A, de Melo Viana Teixeira S, Nachon F, Chantegreil F, Soukup O, Prchal L, Malaguti M, Bergamini C, Bartolini M, Angeloni C, Hrelia S, Soares Romeiro LA, Bolognesi ML. Sustainable Drug Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4972-4990. [PMID: 33829779 PMCID: PMC8154578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a reason for the lack of effective drugs as well as a basis for the development of "multi-target-directed ligands" (MTDLs). As cases increase in developing countries, there is a need of new drugs that are not only effective but also accessible. With this motivation, we report the first sustainable MTDLs, derived from cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), an inexpensive food waste with anti-inflammatory properties. We applied a framework combination of functionalized CNSL components and well-established acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) tacrine templates. MTDLs were selected based on hepatic, neuronal, and microglial cell toxicity. Enzymatic studies disclosed potent and selective AChE/BChE inhibitors (5, 6, and 12), with subnanomolar activities. The X-ray crystal structure of 5 complexed with BChE allowed rationalizing the observed activity (0.0352 nM). Investigation in BV-2 microglial cells revealed antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities for 5 and 6 (already at 0.01 μM), confirming the design rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rossi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Luciana de Camargo Nascente
- Department
of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University
of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Salerno
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah de Melo Viana Teixeira
- Department
of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University
of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Florian Nachon
- Département
de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut
de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Fabien Chantegreil
- Département
de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut
de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical
Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500
01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Prchal
- Biomedical
Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech
Republic
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
- University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Luiz Antonio Soares Romeiro
- Department
of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University
of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Reale M, Costantini E. Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020029. [PMID: 33921376 PMCID: PMC8167596 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent diseases of the CNS, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), elicit a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the neurodegenerative disease process itself. The immune and nervous systems use the same mediators, receptors, and cells to regulate the immune and nervous systems as well as neuro-immune interactions. In various neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral inflammatory mediators and infiltrating immune cells from the periphery cause exacerbation to current injury in the brain. Acetylcholine (ACh) plays a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems, in fact, other than cells of the CNS, the peripheral immune cells also possess a cholinergic system. The findings on peripheral cholinergic signaling, and the activation of the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway” mediated by ACh binding to α7 nAChR as one of the possible mechanisms for controlling inflammation, have restarted interest in cholinergic-mediated pathological processes and in the new potential therapeutic target for neuro-inflammatory-degenerative diseases. Herein, we focus on recent progress in the modulatory mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University “G.d’Annunzio”, 65122 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
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12
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Benfante R, Di Lascio S, Cardani S, Fornasari D. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a new therapeutic perspective in aging-related disorders. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:823-834. [PMID: 31583530 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cholinergic dysfunction, leading to cognitive impairment, are hallmarks of aging and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI), the symptomatic therapy in AD, attenuate and delay the cognitive deficit by enhancing cholinergic synapses. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor has shown a double-edged sword feature, as it binds with high affinity Aβ1-42, promoting intracellular accumulation and Aβ-induced tau phosphorylation, but also exerts neuroprotection by stimulating anti-apoptotic pathways. Moreover, it mediates peripheral and central anti-inflammatory response, being the effector player of the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP), that, by decreasing the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, it may have a role in improving cognition. The finding in preclinical models that, in addition to their major function (choline esterase inhibition) AChEIs have neuroprotective properties mediated via α7nAChR and modulate innate immunity, possibly as a result of the increased availability of acetylcholine activating the CAIP, pave the way for new pharmacological intervention in AD and other neurological disorders that are characterized by neuroinflammation. CHRFAM7A is a human-specific gene acting as a dominant negative inhibitor of α7nAChR function, also suggesting a role in affecting human cognition and memory by altering α7nAChR activities in the central nervous system (CNS). This review will summarize the current knowledge on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in aging-related disorders, and will argue that the presence of the human-restricted CHRFAM7A gene might play a fundamental role in the regulation of CAIP and in the response to AChEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Benfante
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
- Dept. Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Dept. Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardani
- Dept. Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
- Dept. Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milan, Italy
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13
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Soheili M, Karimian M, Hamidi G, Salami M. Alzheimer's disease treatment: The share of herbal medicines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:123-135. [PMID: 33953850 PMCID: PMC8061323 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.50536.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent forms of dementia in neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired learning and memory. Pathological symptoms as extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles occur in AD. Due to the aging of the population and increased prevalence of AD, discovery of new therapeutic agents with the highest effectiveness and fewer side effect seems to be necessary. Numerous synthetic medicines such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, ubiquinone, ibuprofen, and ladostigil are routinely used for reduction of the symptoms and prevention of disease progression. Nowadays, herbal medicines have attracted popular attention for numerous beneficial effects with little side effects. Lavandula angustifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Magnolia officinalis have been widely used for relief of symptoms of some neurological disorders. This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of phytomedicines with prominent effects against various factors implicated in the emergence and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soheili
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Gholamali Hamidi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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14
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Amyloid Beta Peptide (Aβ 1-42) Reverses the Cholinergic Control of Monocytic IL-1β Release. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092887. [PMID: 32906646 PMCID: PMC7564705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ1-42), the cleavage product of the evolutionary highly conserved amyloid precursor protein, presumably plays a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease. Aβ1-42 can induce the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine intereukin-1β (IL-1β) in immune cells within and out of the nervous system. Known interaction partners of Aβ1-42 are α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The physiological functions of Aβ1-42 are, however, not fully understood. Recently, we identified a cholinergic mechanism that controls monocytic release of IL-1β by canonical and non-canonical agonists of nAChRs containing subunits α7, α9, and/or α10. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Aβ1-42 modulates this inhibitory cholinergic mechanism. Lipopolysaccharide-primed monocytic U937 cells and human mononuclear leukocytes were stimulated with the P2X7 receptor agonist 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5'-triphosphate triethylammonium salt (BzATP) in the presence or absence of nAChR agonists and Aβ1-42. IL-1β concentrations were measured in the supernatant. Aβ1-42 dose-dependently (IC50 = 2.54 µM) reversed the inhibitory effect of canonical and non-canonical nicotinic agonists on BzATP-mediated IL-1β-release by monocytic cells, whereas reverse Aβ42-1 was ineffective. In conclusion, we discovered a novel pro-inflammatory Aβ1-42 function that enables monocytic IL-1β release in the presence of nAChR agonists. These findings provide evidence for a novel physiological function of Aβ1-42 in the context of sterile systemic inflammation.
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15
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications October–December 2019. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Fontana IC, Zimmer AR, Rocha AS, Gosmann G, Souza DO, Lourenco MV, Ferreira ST, Zimmer ER. Amyloid-β oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:348-369. [PMID: 32320074 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) dysmetabolism is tightly associated with pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is thought that, in addition to Aβ fibrils that give rise to plaque formation, Aβ aggregates into non-fibrillar soluble oligomers (AβOs). Soluble AβOs have been extensively studied for their synaptotoxic and neurotoxic properties. In this review, we discuss physicochemical properties of AβOs and their impact on different brain cell types in AD. Additionally, we summarize three decades of studies with AβOs, providing a compelling bulk of evidence regarding cell-specific mechanisms of toxicity. Cellular models may lead us to a deeper understanding of the detrimental effects of AβOs in neurons and glial cells, putatively shedding light on the development of innovative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor C Fontana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics,, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Sevoflurane-induced inflammation development: involvement of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 30:730-737. [PMID: 31625977 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the mechanisms underpinning the development of anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, less is known about how anesthesia causes inflammation. One possibility is that the inflammation is related to alteration of the activity of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This study analyzed the effect of sevoflurane administration on the cognitive function by using a novel object recognition test and Y-maze test, and on acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in hippocampal tissue by using an acetylcholinesterase assay kit and quantitative real-time PCR. This study also evaluated the effect of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 and antagonist methyllycaconitine on cognitive function and the level of hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α in aged rats exposed to sevoflurane anesthesia. We found that 3% sevoflurane significantly impaired cognitive function and increased acetylcholinesterase activity by upregulating its expression in hippocampal tissue. Sevoflurane-induced impairment of cognitive function was significantly rescued by PNU-282987 but aggravated by methyllycaconitine. In addition to impairment of cognitive function, sevoflurane also significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α level in plasma and hippocampal tissue. Similarly, this sevoflurane-induced change of tumor necrosis factor-α level in rats was antagonized by PNU-282987 but amplified by methyllycaconitine. In conclusion, our data show that the development of inflammation in sevoflurane-induced cognitive decline is associated with the downregulation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in aged rats.
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18
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Network between Cytokines, Cortisol and Occupational Stress in Gas and Oilfield Workers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031118. [PMID: 32046214 PMCID: PMC7037782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To test whether gas and oil field work is accompanied by stress and altered immune function, the perception of workplace stress, levels of salivary cortisol, plasma levels, and mononuclear cell production of cytokines were examined in 80 healthy workers recruited among a population of operators on gas and oilfields. Specific questionnaires for determining the perception of anxiety, occupational stress, and subjective symptoms were administered. Salivary cortisol and cytokines plasma levels were evaluated by Elisa and to investigate immune function, both spontaneous and PHA- or LPS-induced expression and production of cytokines were assessed by qRT-PCR. Workers showed medium stress levels at work, with growth and increased motivation for work, and based on salivary cortisol concentrations, were divided into two groups of ≤10 ng/mL (n = 31) or >10 ng/mL (n = 49). Statistically significant higher plasma levels of IL-6, while lower TNFα, were detected in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Also, BMI, DL, JD and Job strain were significantly higher in workers with cortisol >10 ng/mL. Thus, even modest variations of cortisol might have a role in the modulation of immune response and worker’s vulnerability to health imbalance.Thus, the evaluation of immune status, in addition to cortisol levels, could be useful to prevent illnesses; exacerbation of pre-existing conditions; morbidity; and consequent absences from work, with economic repercussions.
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19
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191014154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
:
In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the
biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole
derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies
by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown
that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene
derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important
biological and pharmacological properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic,
antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer
activities.
:
The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011
to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of
pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different
molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also
made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa - via Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo - Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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20
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Greig NH, Lecca D, Hsueh SC, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Kapogiannis D, Tweedie D, Glotfelty EJ, Becker RE, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ. (-)-Phenserine tartrate (PhenT) as a treatment for traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:636-649. [PMID: 31828969 PMCID: PMC7248544 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults and the elderly, and is a key contributing factor in about 30% of all injury‐associated deaths occurring within the United States of America. Albeit substantial impact has been made to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms that underpin the primary and secondary injury stages initiated by a TBI incident, this knowledge has yet to successfully translate into the development of an effective TBI pharmacological treatment. Developing consent suggests that a TBI can concomitantly trigger multiple TBI‐linked cascades that then progress in parallel and, if correct, the multifactorial nature of TBI would make the discovery of a single effective mechanism‐targeted drug unlikely. Discussion We review recent data indicating that the small molecular weight drug (−)‐phenserine tartrate (PhenT), originally developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), effectively inhibits a broad range of mechanisms pertinent to mild (m) and moderate (mod)TBI, which in combination underpin the ensuing cognitive and motor impairments. In cellular and animal models at clinically translatable doses, PhenT mitigated mTBI‐ and modTBI‐induced programmed neuronal cell death (PNCD), oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and effectively reversed injury‐induced gene pathways leading to chronic neurodegeneration. In addition to proving efficacious in well‐characterized animal TBI models, significantly mitigating cognitive and motor impairments, the drug also has demonstrated neuroprotective actions against ischemic stroke and the organophosphorus nerve agent and chemical weapon, soman. Conclusion In the light of its tolerability in AD clinical trials, PhenT is an agent that can be fast‐tracked for evaluation in not only civilian TBI, but also as a potentially protective agent in battlefield conditions where TBI and chemical weapon exposure are increasingly jointly occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert E Becker
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Saliva, an easily accessible fluid as diagnostic tool and potent stem cell source for Alzheimer's Disease: Present and future applications. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146535. [PMID: 31669827 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and multifactorial disease. Many scientific advances have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. However, the clinical diagnosis of AD remains difficult, with only post-mortem assays confirming its definitive diagnosis. There is a crucial need for an early and accurate detection of AD related symptoms. To date, current diagnosis techniques are costly or invasive. Finding a peripheral biomarker that could provide a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate detection prior to the onset of the AD clinical symptoms will allow identification of "at risk" individuals, thereby facilitating early initiation of treatments that may prove more effective. Salivary glands contain stem cells, which are affected by aging, suggesting that tissue samples from these glands may reveal a stem cell biomarker of AD, but also stem cells may be harvested from these glands, with proper timing and isolation technique, for cell-based regenerative medicine. Alternatively, instead of the salivary glands, saliva may represent an attractive source for biomarkers due to minimal discomfort to the patient, non-invasive collection, and the possibility of cost-effective screening large populations, encouraging greater compliance in clinical trials and frequent testing. In addition, salivary glands contain stem cells, which are likely also present in the saliva, making these cells as potentially sensitive cellular biomarker of and a therapeutic agent for AD. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the use of saliva for the identification of circulating biological markers to help the diagnosis of early cognitive impairment associated with AD and to generate insights into the potential application of stem cells derived from salivary glands or saliva as therapeutics (i.e., stem cell transplantation) for the disease.
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Arslan T, Çakır N, Keleş T, Biyiklioglu Z, Senturk M. Triazole substituted metal-free, metallo-phthalocyanines and their water soluble derivatives as potential cholinesterases inhibitors: Design, synthesis and in vitro inhibition study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103100. [PMID: 31288136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 1,2,3-triazole substituted metal-free and metallo phthalocyanines (4, 5, 6) and their water soluble derivatives (4a, 5a, 6a) were designed, synthesized for the first time and tested in vitro on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Most phthalocyanines exhibited good inhibitory activities on these enzymes. Among the six phthalocyanines and starting compounds, 4a showed the most interesting profile as a submicromolar selective inhibitor of AChE (IC50 = 0.040 µM) and 5a showed the most effective inhibitor of BChE (IC50 = 0.1198 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Arslan
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 28200 Giresun, Turkey; Giresun University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Textile, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Nezaket Çakır
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Turgut Keleş
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Sciences of Pharmacy, 04100 Agri, Turkey
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23
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Hsueh SC, Lecca D, Greig NH, Wang JY, Selman W, Hoffer BJ, Miller JP, Chiang YH. (-)-Phenserine Ameliorates Contusion Volume, Neuroinflammation, and Behavioral Impairments Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1183-1196. [PMID: 31177840 PMCID: PMC6767878 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719854693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major cause of mortality and morbidity, affects 10 million people worldwide, with limited treatment options. We have previously shown that (-)-phenserine (Phen), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor originally designed and tested in clinical phase III trials for Alzheimer's disease, can reduce neurodegeneration after TBI and reduce cognitive impairments induced by mild TBI. In this study, we used a mouse model of moderate to severe TBI by controlled cortical impact to assess the effects of Phen on post-trauma histochemical and behavioral changes. Animals were treated with Phen (2.5 mg/kg, IP, BID) for 5 days started on the day of injury and the effects were evaluated by behavioral and histological examinations at 1 and 2 weeks after injury. Phen significantly attenuated TBI-induced contusion volume, enlargement of the lateral ventricle, and behavioral impairments in motor asymmetry, sensorimotor functions, motor coordination, and balance functions. The morphology of microglia was shifted to an active from a resting form after TBI, and Phen dramatically reduced the ratio of activated to resting microglia, suggesting that Phen also mitigates neuroinflammation after TBI. While Phen has potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, its (+) isomer Posiphen shares many neuroprotective properties but is almost completely devoid of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. We evaluated Posiphen at a similar dose to Phen and found similar mitigation in lateral ventricular size increase, motor asymmetry, motor coordination, and balance function, suggesting the improvement of these histological and behavioral tests by Phen treatment occur via pathways other than anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibition. However, the reduction of lesion size and improvement of sensorimotor function by Posiphen were much smaller than with equivalent doses of Phen. Taken together, these results show that post-injury treatment with Phen over 5 days significantly ameliorates severity of TBI. These data suggest a potential development of this compound for clinical use in TBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Hsueh
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Warren Selman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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24
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Maroli A, Di Lascio S, Drufuca L, Cardani S, Setten E, Locati M, Fornasari D, Benfante R. Effect of donepezil on the expression and responsiveness to LPS of CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A in macrophages: A possible link to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:155-166. [PMID: 31048268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA7) modulates the inflammatory response by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. CHRFAM7A, the human-restricted duplicated form of CHRNA7, has a negative effect on the functioning of α7 receptors, suggesting that CHRFAM7A expression regulation may be a key step in the modulation of inflammation in the human setting. The analysis of the CHRFAM7A gene's regulatory region reveals some of the mechanisms driving its expression and responsiveness to LPS in human immune cell models. Moreover, given the immunomodulatory potential of donepezil we show that it differently modulates CHRFAM7A and CHRNA7 responsiveness to LPS, thus contributing to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maroli
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drufuca
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Cardani
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR -Neuroscience Institute, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Benfante
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR -Neuroscience Institute, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy.
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25
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Reale M, D'Angelo C, Costantini E, Di Nicola M, Yarla NS, Kamal MA, Salvador N, Perry G. Expression Profiling of Cytokine, Cholinergic Markers, and Amyloid-β Deposition in the APPSWE/PS1dE9 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:467-476. [PMID: 29439355 PMCID: PMC5817902 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is associated with dysfunction of the olfactory and the entorhinal cortex of the brain that control memory and cognitive functions and other daily activities. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, amyloid-β (Aβ), and the cholinergic system play vital roles in the pathophysiology of AD. However, the role of changes in cholinergic system components, Aβ accumulation, and cytokines in both the olfactory and entorhinal cortex is not known clearly. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the changes of cholinergic system components, Aβ accumulation, and cytokines in both the olfactory bulb (OB) and entorhinal cortex (EC) of young and aged APPSWE/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mice. Methods: We have explored the changes of cholinergic system components, Aβ accumulation, and expression profiling of cytokines in the OB and EC of aged APPswe transgenic mice and age-matched wild type mice using quantitative Real-Time PCR assays and immunohistochemistry techniques. Results: In aged Tg mice, a significant increase of expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and chemokine MCP1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively) and a significant reduction of nAChRα4 (p = 0.048) and AChE (p = 0.023) was observed when compared with age-matched wild type mice. Higher levels of AChE and BuChE are expressed in OB and EC of the APPSWE/PS1dE9 of Tg mice. Aβ accumulation was observed in OB and EC of the APPSWE/PS1dE9 of Tg mice. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the expression profiling of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cholinergic markers as well as Aβ accumulation in OB and EC of the APPSWE/PS1dE9 Tg mice. Moreover, the study also demonstrated that the APPSWE/PS1dE9 Tg mice can be useful as a mouse model to understand the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cholinergic markers in pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Angelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Nagnedra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Physiology, Divisions of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Nieves Salvador
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Cell-Derived Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 38:138-143. [PMID: 29420357 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and preclinical studies firmly support the involvement of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) being widely used in AD patients, there is no conclusive evidence about their impact on the inflammatory response. METHODS This study investigates peripheral proinflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and interleukins 1β [IL-1β] and 6 [IL-6]) by firstly comparing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived secretion in drug-naïve and AChEI-treated AD patients versus healthy controls. A subset of those drug-naïve AD patients, who were prescribed the AChEI donepezil, was followed-up for 6 months to investigate if donepezil suppresses proinflammatory cell-derived cytokine secretion. RESULTS Patients with AD showed higher levels of PBMC-derived proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in comparison with healthy controls. On reexamination, previously drug-naïve AD patients who received donepezil treatment for 6 months displayed a decrease in cell-derived IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory PBMC-derived cytokines were increased in patients with AD in comparison with healthy controls and donepezil-reduced proinflammatory cytokines when examining drug-naïve AD patients before and after AChEI treatment.
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Decourt B, Lahiri DK, Sabbagh MN. Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 14:412-425. [PMID: 27697064 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects an estimated 44 million individuals worldwide, yet no therapeutic intervention is available to stop the progression of the dementia. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides assembled in plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein forming tangles, and chronic inflammation. A pivotal molecule in inflammation is the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Several lines of evidence using genetic and pharmacological manipulations indicate that TNF-α signaling exacerbates both Aβ and tau pathologies in vivo. Interestingly, preventive and intervention anti-inflammatory strategies demonstrated a reduction in brain pathology and an amelioration of cognitive function in rodent models of AD. Phase I and IIa clinical trials suggest that TNF-α inhibitors might slow down cognitive decline and improve daily activities in AD patients. In the present review, we summarize the evidence pointing towards a beneficial role of anti-TNF-α therapies to prevent or slow the progression of AD. We also present possible physical and pharmacological interventions to modulate TNF-α signaling in AD subjects along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Decourt
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W. Santa Fe Dr., Sun City AZ 85351, United States
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Institute of Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, 240 West Thomas, Ste 301, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
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28
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Hoffer BJ, Pick CG, Hoffer ME, Becker RE, Chiang YH, Greig NH. Repositioning drugs for traumatic brain injury - N-acetyl cysteine and Phenserine. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:71. [PMID: 28886718 PMCID: PMC5591517 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults of less than 45 years of age and the elderly, and contributes to about 30% of all injury deaths in the United States of America. Whereas there has been a significant improvement in our understanding of the mechanism that underpin the primary and secondary stages of damage associated with a TBI incident, to date however, this knowledge has not translated into the development of effective new pharmacological TBI treatment strategies. Prior experimental and clinical studies of drugs working via a single mechanism only may have failed to address the full range of pathologies that lead to the neuronal loss and cognitive impairment evident in TBI and other disorders. The present review focuses on two drugs with the potential to benefit multiple pathways considered important in TBI. Notably, both agents have already been developed into human studies for other conditions, and thus have the potential to be rapidly repositioned as TBI therapies. The first is N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) that is currently used in over the counter medications for its anti-inflammatory properties. The second is (-)-phenserine ((-)-Phen) that was originally developed as an experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug. We briefly review background information about TBI and subsequently review literature suggesting that NAC and (-)-Phen may be useful therapeutic approaches for TBI, for which there are no currently approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael E Hoffer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Falasca K, Reale M, Ucciferri C, Di Nicola M, Di Martino G, D'Angelo C, Coladonato S, Vecchiet J. Cytokines, Hepatic Fibrosis, and Antiretroviral Therapy Role in Neurocognitive Disorders HIV Related. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:246-253. [PMID: 27615271 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV may trigger a process of neuronal loss and axonal degeneration throughout the brain, which is carried on by the immune system releasing of proinflammatory cytokines, so that chronic inflammation associated with dysregulated innate immune response, glial cell dysfunction, and adverse antiretroviral therapy (ART) effect play an important role causing milder HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders or asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment. All patients have been tested for neurocognitive functioning through a comprehensive, five-domain neuropsychological battery performed in the study. Human cytokine (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels were quantified using ELISAs, and the hepatic fibrosis was estimated using the noninvasive Fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) score. The study showed a group of 40 HIV-infected individuals and it was observed that almost 40% of HIV+ individuals, even if clinically asymptomatic, displayed some degree of neurocognitive dysfunction, compared to normative performance standards, at least in two cognitive areas. The functions affected the most were memory, attention, executive function, and psychomotor processing speed. Three cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18) to be significantly linked to test results in specific neurocognitive domain were found. Treatments with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor alone were instead associated with poor neurocognitive outcome, especially in verbal fluency, fine motility, and Zung Depression Scale. Elevated value of FIB-4 score showed an opposite connection with cognitive performance as well, underlining the direct association between hepatic steatosis and neurocognitive deficit. The cytokine panel and the FIB-4 score can predict presence or worsening of neurocognitive functions in HIV-infected individuals. An ART switch can be suggested according to the neurocognitive domain involved the most, advising a therapy with protease inhibitors or/and integrase inhibitors to improve fluency, executive functions, and to prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Falasca
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Division of Hygene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Chiara D'Angelo
- Unit of Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Coladonato
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Wu WY, Dai YC, Li NG, Dong ZX, Gu T, Shi ZH, Xue X, Tang YP, Duan JA. Novel multitarget-directed tacrine derivatives as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:572-587. [PMID: 28133981 PMCID: PMC6009885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is complex and progressive; it has not only threatened the health of elderly people, but also burdened the whole social medical and health system. The available therapy for AD is limited and the efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the design and development of efficacious and safe anti-AD agents has become a hotspot in the field of pharmaceutical research. Due to the multifactorial etiology of AD, the multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach is promising in search for new drugs for AD. Tacrine, which is the first acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been selected as the ideal active fragment because of its simple structure, clear activity, and its superiority in the structural modification, thus it could be introduced into the overall molecular skeletons of the multi-target-directed anti-AD agents. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances (2012 to the present) in the chemical modification of tacrine, which could provide the reference for the further study of novel multi-target-directed tacrine derivatives to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Chen Dai
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ze-Xi Dong
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ting Gu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c Department of Organic Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xin Xue
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Tweedie D, Fukui K, Li Y, Yu QS, Barak S, Tamargo IA, Rubovitch V, Holloway HW, Lehrmann E, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Perez E, Van Praag H, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Becker RE, Pick CG, Greig NH. Cognitive Impairments Induced by Concussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mouse Are Ameliorated by Treatment with Phenserine via Multiple Non-Cholinergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156493. [PMID: 27254111 PMCID: PMC4890804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), often caused by a concussive impact to the head, affects an estimated 1.7 million Americans annually. With no approved drugs, its pharmacological treatment represents a significant and currently unmet medical need. In our prior development of the anti-cholinesterase compound phenserine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we recognized that it also possesses non-cholinergic actions with clinical potential. Here, we demonstrate neuroprotective actions of phenserine in neuronal cultures challenged with oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity, two insults of relevance to TBI. These actions translated into amelioration of spatial and visual memory impairments in a mouse model of closed head mild TBI (mTBI) two days following cessation of clinically translatable dosing with phenserine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg BID x 5 days initiated post mTBI) in the absence of anti-cholinesterase activity. mTBI elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a marker of oxidative stress. Phenserine counteracted this by augmenting homeostatic mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase [SOD] 1 and 2, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx], the activity and protein levels of which were measured by specific assays. Microarray analysis of hippocampal gene expression established that large numbers of genes were exclusively regulated by each individual treatment with a substantial number of them co-regulated between groups. Molecular pathways associated with lipid peroxidation were found to be regulated by mTBI, and treatment of mTBI animals with phenserine effectively reversed injury-induced regulations in the ‘Blalock Alzheimer’s Disease Up’ pathway. Together these data suggest that multiple phenserine-associated actions underpin this compound’s ability to ameliorate cognitive deficits caused by mTBI, and support the further evaluation of the compound as a therapeutic for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Koji Fukui
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- Division of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 3378570, Japan
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Qian-sheng Yu
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Shani Barak
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Ian A. Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Harold W. Holloway
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - William H. Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Perez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Henriette Van Praag
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Becker
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- Independent Researcher, 7123 Pinebrook Road, Park City, UT 94098, United States of America
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Boulebd H, Ismaili L, Bartolini M, Bouraiou A, Andrisano V, Martin H, Bonet A, Moraleda I, Iriepa I, Chioua M, Belfaitah A, Marco-Contelles J. Imidazopyranotacrines as Non-Hepatotoxic, Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors, and Antioxidant Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Molecules 2016; 21:400. [PMID: 27023499 PMCID: PMC6273229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of thirteen new, racemic, diversely functionalized imidazo pyranotacrines as non-hepatotoxic, multipotent tacrine analogues. Among these compounds, 1-(5-amino-2-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-3-yl)ethan-1-one (4) is non-hepatotoxic (cell viability assay on HepG2 cells), a selective but moderately potent EeAChE inhibitor (IC50 = 38.7 ± 1.7 μM), and a very potent antioxidant agent on the basis of the ORAC test (2.31 ± 0.29 μmol·Trolox/μmol compound).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Equipe de Synthèse de Molécules à Objectif Thérapeutique, Laboratoire des Produits Naturels d'Origine Végétale et de Synthèse Organique (PHYSYNOR), Université des frères Mentouri, Campus de Chaabat-Ersas, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481, UFR SMP, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, F-Besançon 25000, France.
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Abdelmalek Bouraiou
- Equipe de Synthèse de Molécules à Objectif Thérapeutique, Laboratoire des Produits Naturels d'Origine Végétale et de Synthèse Organique (PHYSYNOR), Université des frères Mentouri, Campus de Chaabat-Ersas, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto, 237, Rimini 47921, Italy.
| | - Helene Martin
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon Cedex 25030, France.
| | - Alexandre Bonet
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon Cedex 25030, France.
| | - Ignacio Moraleda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Barcelona, Km. 33.5, Alcalá de Henares 28817, Spain.
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Barcelona, Km. 33.5, Alcalá de Henares 28817, Spain.
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Ali Belfaitah
- Equipe de Synthèse de Molécules à Objectif Thérapeutique, Laboratoire des Produits Naturels d'Origine Végétale et de Synthèse Organique (PHYSYNOR), Université des frères Mentouri, Campus de Chaabat-Ersas, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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Zha X, Lamba D, Zhang L, Lou Y, Xu C, Kang D, Chen L, Xu Y, Zhang L, De Simone A, Samez S, Pesaresi A, Stojan J, Lopez MG, Egea J, Andrisano V, Bartolini M. Novel Tacrine-Benzofuran Hybrids as Potent Multitarget-Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and X-ray Crystallography. J Med Chem 2015; 59:114-31. [PMID: 26632651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six new tacrine-benzofuran hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro on key molecular targets for Alzheimer's disease. Most hybrids exhibited good inhibitory activities on cholinesterases and β-amyloid self-aggregation. Selected compounds displayed significant inhibition of human β-secretase-1 (hBACE-1). Among the 26 hybrids, 2e showed the most interesting profile as a subnanomolar selective inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) (IC50 = 0.86 nM) and a good inhibitor of both β-amyloid aggregation (hAChE- and self-induced, 61.3% and 58.4%, respectively) and hBACE-1 activity (IC50 = 1.35 μM). Kinetic studies showed that 2e acted as a slow, tight-binding, mixed-type inhibitor, while X-ray crystallographic studies highlighted the ability of 2e to induce large-scale structural changes in the active-site gorge of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE), with significant implications for structure-based drug design. In vivo studies confirmed that 2e significantly ameliorates performances of scopolamine-treated ICR mice. Finally, 2e administration did not exhibit significant hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Doriano Lamba
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yinghan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Changxu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Di Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna , Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Sarah Samez
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pesaresi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park - Basovizza , S.S. no. 14 Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna , Corso d'Augusto 237, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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François A, Julian A, Ragot S, Dugast E, Blanchard L, Brishoual S, Chassaing D, Page G, Paccalin M. Inflammatory Stress on Autophagy in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease during 24 Months of Follow-Up. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138326. [PMID: 26393801 PMCID: PMC4578953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is senescent whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could infiltrate the brain to phagocyte amyloid deposits. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the amyloid peptide clearance remain unknown. Autophagy is a physiological degradation of proteins and organelles and can be controlled by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of inflammation on autophagy in PBMCs from AD patients at baseline, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Furthermore, PBMCs from healthy patients were also included and treated with 20 μM amyloid peptide 1-42 to mimic AD environment. For each patient, PBMCs were stimulated with the mitogenic factor, phytohaemagglutin (PHA), and treated with either 1 μM C16 as an anti-inflammatory drug or its vehicle. Autophagic markers (Beclin-1, p62/sequestosome 1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3: LC3) were quantified by western blot and cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-1β, Tumor necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and IL-6) by Luminex X-MAP® technology. Beclin-1 and TNF-α levels were inversely correlated in AD PBMCs at 12 months post-inclusion. In addition, Beclin-1 and p62 increased in the low inflammatory environment induced by C16. Only LC3-I levels were inversely correlated with cognitive decline at baseline. For the first time, this study describes longitudinal changes in autophagic markers in PBMCs of AD patients under an inflammatory environment. Inflammation would induce autophagy in the PBMCs of AD patients while an anti-inflammatory environment could inhibit their autophagic response. However, this positive response could be altered in a highly aggressive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud François
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrien Julian
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Neurology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
- Geriatrics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Emilie Dugast
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- CIC-P 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Ludovic Blanchard
- Geriatrics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
- CIC-P 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Damien Chassaing
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Guylène Page
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marc Paccalin
- EA3808 Molecular Targets and Therapeutics of Alzheimer’s Disease, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
- Geriatrics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
- CIC-P 1402, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
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35
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Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes via chronic inflammatory mechanisms. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:4-13. [PMID: 25561876 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the potential common processes that could explain this relation between AD and T2DM. In the recent decades, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating that chronic inflammatory processes may be the major factors contributing to the development and progression of T2DM and AD. In this article, we have discussed the molecular underpinnings of inflammatory process that contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD and how they are linked to these two diseases. In depth understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms through which AD and T2DM are associated to each other may help the researchers to develop novel and more effective strategies to treat together AD and T2DM. Several treatment options have been identified which spurn the inflammatory processes and discourage the production of inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing or slowing down the onset of T2DM and AD.
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