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Tong X, Yang L, Jiang C, Weng Z, Zu A, Hou Y, Fang Y, Yang W, Sun S. A Review of the Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Possible Mechanisms of Disease. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:81-92. [PMID: 35257355 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) usually leads to the occurrence of diabetes. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common gestational complication associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Increasing studies suggest that women with OSA during pregnancy may be at a significantly greater risk of developing GDM. It is crucial to explore the association between OSA and GDM and the mechanisms underlying this association. In this review, we presented a comprehensive literature review of the following: the association between OSA and GDM, the possible mechanisms of this association, and the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on OSA with GDM. The results showed that most authors suggested that there was an association between OSA and GDM. The intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and reduction of slow-wave sleep (SWS) may be the key to this association. IH induces the products of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, which lead to diabetes. In addition, SWS reduction in OSA enhances the inflammation by increasing the inflammatory cytokines, increases the sympathetic activation, and causes changes in leptin level, which result in the development of GDM. Additionally, whether CPAP is beneficial to GDM remains still unclear.
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Li H, Wang C, Zhao J, Guo C. JNK downregulation improves olanzapine-induced insulin resistance by suppressing IRS1 Ser307 phosphorylation and reducing inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112071. [PMID: 34449309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes, including inflammation and glucose metabolism. However, the effects of JNK on olanzapine-induced insulin resistance and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to explore the role of JNK in olanzapine-induced insulin resistance and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We studied glucose metabolism in olanzapine-treated female C57B/J mice and mice with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated downregulation of JNK1 in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the mechanism of JNK1 regulating insulin signaling after olanzapine treatment. RESULTS JNK was activated in eWAT after olanzapine treatment. JNK1 downregulation in eWAT ameliorated the insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in olanzapine-treated mice. Furthermore, overexpression of JNK1 in adipocytes exacerbated the glucose disorder while JNK1 knockdown alleviated the impaired insulin signaling on olanzapine challenge, which was likely mediated by the reduced inflammation and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation. Moreover, the effect of JNK1 was attenuated by downregulation of IRS1 in adipocytes. Finally, the JNK1-IRS1 interaction and IRS1S307 phosphorylation were required for JNK1-regulated olanzapine-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that JNK1 activation by olanzapine induced insulin resistance by promoting IRS1Ser307 phosphorylation and inflammation in eWAT. These results highlighted the importance of JNK1 in eWAT as a promising drug target for olanzapine-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Chongshu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuilian Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Vatseba TS, Sokolova LK, Pushkarev VM. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR/P70S6K1 signaling cascade in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ukr Biochem J 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Zarezadeh M, Khorshidi M, Makhdoomi Arzati M, Yekaninejad MS, Abdollahi M, Effatpanah M, Hashemi R, Saedisomeolia A. The effect of an oral ginger supplementation on NF-κB concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and anthropomorphic data of patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 42:7-11. [PMID: 30670285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complications of diabetes are extensive which can be caused by excessive oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired insulin system. Plant-sourced bioactive compounds can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of ginger supplementation on diabetic complications. METHODS The present study is a randomized double blind clinical trial which is conducted with 48 diabetic patients. The participants were randomly divided into two intervention and placebo groups which were received 2 g ginger powder and 2 g wheat flour respectively for 10 weeks. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) concentration and anthropometric measurements were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of study. RESULTS The effect of ginger supplementation on hip circumference was marginal and there was no significant effect on BMI and waist circumference. Mean NF-κB p65 concentrations were reduced in ginger supplementation group, however, the amount was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Ginger supplementation had significant effects on anthropometric evaluations. Ginger supplementation decreased mean NF-κB concentration in comparison with placebo, however the significance level was marginal. In order to achieve reliable information, more researches should be complemented with uptake of other diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Makhdoomi Arzati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Abdollahi
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Marvasti Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- School of Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rezvan Hashemi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Q, Du R, Hou X, Lv Z, Jia C, Wang Y. Analysis of new therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus based on traditional Chinese medicine “xiaoke” formulae. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2018; 5:361-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yang S, Sun J. LncRNA SRA deregulation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by causing dysfunction of endothelial cells through repressing the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5207-5214. [PMID: 30272285 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial mediators in a diverse range of diseases, including atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA) and atherosclerosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis and luciferase assays were performed to examine interactions among SRA, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor (PPARγ), and the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on the levels of SRA, ATGL and PPARγ. ELISA was performed to determine the effects of SRA and RSV on the production of inflammatory‑associated cytokines. The results showed that knockdown of the expression of SRA by transfecting HUVECs with short hairpin RNA‑SRA inhibited the production of ATGL and PPARγ. A plasmid coding SRA RNA, but not the SRAP protein, attenuated the luciferase activity of the ATGL promoter. PPARγ had no effect on the luciferase activity driven by the ATGL promoter in the absence of rosiglitazone, whereas the luciferase activity of the ATGL promoter was elevated in the presence of rosiglitazone. This effect was eliminated by SRA. SRA enhanced the production of inflammatory‑associated cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6, monocyte chemotactic protein‑1 and intercellular adhesion molecule‑1; however, the promoting effect of SRA was eliminated by RSV. RSV increased the expression of ATGL and PPARγ, but not that of SRA. RSV distinctly and concentration‑dependently upregulated the luciferase activity of ATGL, compared with that in the cells without RSV treatment, whereas treating with rosiglitazone inhibited the effect of RSV on the luciferase activity of ATGL. The present study examined the roles of SRA in atherosclerosis, and the effects of changes in SRA and ATGL on inflammatory cytokines and HUVEC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Jingang Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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Rovira-Llopis S, Apostolova N, Bañuls C, Muntané J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mitochondria, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Sirtuins in Type 2 Diabetes: New Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:749-791. [PMID: 29256638 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia can lead to the development of comorbidities such as atherosclerosis and microvascular/macrovascular complications. Both type 2 diabetes and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes is also a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to inflammasome activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukins (ILs) IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, sirtuins are energetic sensors that respond to metabolic load, which highlights their relevance in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Recent Advances: Over the past decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the signaling events regulated by mitochondria, inflammasomes, and sirtuins. Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best characterized inflammasome, and the generation of oxidant species seems to be critical for its activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and altered sirtuin levels have been observed in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issue: Despite increasing evidence of the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and of their participation in type 2 diabetes physiopathology, therapeutic strategies to combat type 2 diabetes that target NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins are yet to be consolidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review article, we attempt to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment and the inflammasome, with particular attention to cellular and mitochondrial redox metabolism and the potential role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and sirtuins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, we discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular interactions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 749-791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain .,4 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Naderpoor N, Mousa A, de Courten M, Scragg R, de Courten B. The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and liver enzymes in overweight or obese adults: Cross-sectional and interventional outcomes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:193-199. [PMID: 28899715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, there is limited and inconsistent data on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on liver function. Hepatic enzymes have been used as surrogate markers for NAFLD and have been associated with metabolic syndrome. We examined the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in 120 drug-naïve individuals with no history of liver disease. In addition, the effect of vitamin D supplementation (100,000 loading dose of cholecalciferol followed by 4000IU daily for 16 weeks) on hepatic enzymes was investigated in a subgroup of 54 vitamin D-deficient overweight or obese individuals (28 randomised to cholecalciferol and 26 to placebo). Hepatic enzymes, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, M value) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured before and after the intervention. In the cross-sectional study, levels of GGT and ALT were higher in men compared to women (both p=0.001). There were no significant differences in GGT, ALT and ALP between vitamin D categories (25(OH)D<25nmol/L, 25-50nmol/L, and >50nmol/L) and no relationships were found between the three enzymes and 25(OH)D before and after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, WHR, and insulin sensitivity (all p>0.5). In the randomised trial, 25(OH)D concentrations increased in the vitamin D group (mean change 57.0±21.3nmol/L) compared to the placebo group (mean change 1.9±15.1nmol/L). Mean changes in GGT, ALT and ALP were not significantly different between vitamin D and placebo groups (all p>0.2). Change in 25(OH)D concentration was not correlated with changes in GGT, ALT and ALP before and after adjustments for age and sex (all p>0.1). In summary, 25(OH)D concentrations were not related to hepatic enzymes in drug-naive adults with no history of liver disease, and vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the serum levels of hepatic enzymes in vitamin D-deficient and overweight or obese, otherwise healthy individuals. Hence, vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to prevent incident NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Mousa A, de Courten MPJ, Forbes J, de Courten B. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with nuclear factor kappa-B activity but not with inflammatory markers in healthy normoglycemic adults. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:216-222. [PMID: 28732679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in in vitro and animal studies, which are thought to occur via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathway. However, the association between vitamin D and in vivo NFκB activity in humans has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and NFκB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as plasma inflammatory markers in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that 25(OH)D concentrations would be negatively associated with NFκB activity and pro-inflammatory markers downstream of NFκB, and positively associated with anti-inflammatory markers. We measured circulating 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay); anthropometry: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and % body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry); plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory markers: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 (ELISA); and NFκB activity in PBMCs (DNA-binding assay). Forty-nine participants were included in the study (21M/28F; age=31.6±10.2years (mean±SD); BMI=28.4±4.6kg/m2; % body fat=30.2±9.3%). Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 48.2±24.5 nmol/l. There were no differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between genders and no association between 25(OH)D concentrations and age, BMI, or % body fat (all p>0.1). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with NFκB activity in PBMCs (r=0.48, p=0.0008) but not with any of the pro- or anti-inflammatory markers measured (all p>0.1). After adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat, 25(OH)D concentrations remained positively associated with NFκB activity in PBMCs (β=0.55, p<0.0001). Although in-vitro studies suggest that vitamin D inhibits NFκB activity, our novel cross-sectional data from a cohort of healthy individuals suggest that vitamin D may regulate rather than inhibit the NFκB pathway. Large-scale intervention and mechanistic studies are needed to further investigate the effects of vitamin D on NFκB activity in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Maximilian P J de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Victoria University, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Josephine Forbes
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Level 3, Aubigny Place, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Mousa A, Naderpoor N, de Courten MP, Teede H, Kellow N, Walker K, Scragg R, de Courten B. Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on insulin sensitivity or secretion in vitamin D-deficient, overweight or obese adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1372-1381. [PMID: 28490514 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.152736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a potential strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes. Existing clinical trials have been limited by short duration, low doses of vitamin D, variability in participants' vitamin D-deficiency status, and the use of surrogate measures of body composition, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion.Objective: To address existing knowledge gaps, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation that is provided in a sufficient dose and duration to vitamin D-deficient individuals would improve insulin sensitivity or secretion as measured with the use of gold-standard methods. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation would improve insulin sensitivity and secretion compared with placebo.Design: Sixty-five overweight or obese, vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration ≤50 nmol/L) adults were randomly assigned to receive either a bolus oral dose of 100,000 IU cholecalciferol followed by 4000 IU cholecalciferol/d or a matching placebo for 16 wk. Before and after the intervention, participants received gold-standard assessments of body composition (via dual X-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (via hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), and insulin secretion [via intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests (IVGTTs)].Results: Fifty-four participants completed the study [35 men and 19 women; mean ± SD age: 31.9 ± 8.5 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 30.9 ± 4.4]. 25(OH)D increased with vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo (57.0 ± 21.3 compared with 1.9 ± 15.1 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.02). Vitamin D and placebo groups did not differ in change in insulin sensitivity (0.02 ± 2.0 compared with -0.03 ± 2.8 mg · kg-1 · min-1, respectively; P = 0.9) or first-phase insulin secretion (-21 ± 212 compared with 24 ± 184 mU/L, respectively; P = 0.9). Results remained nonsignificant after adjustment for age, sex, percentage of body fat, sun exposure, physical activity, and dietary vitamin D intake (P > 0.1).Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation does not improve insulin sensitivity or secretion in vitamin D-deficient, overweight or obese adults, despite using high-dose vitamin D supplementation and robust endpoint measures. Therefore, it is unlikely that vitamin D supplementation would be an effective strategy for reducing diabetes risk even in vitamin D-deficient populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02112721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Center for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Center for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Helena Teede
- Monash Center for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Kellow
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Be Active Sleep and Eat Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Be Active Sleep and Eat Facility, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Center for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
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de Courten B, Jakubova M, de Courten MP, Kukurova IJ, Vallova S, Krumpolec P, Valkovic L, Kurdiova T, Garzon D, Barbaresi S, Teede HJ, Derave W, Krssak M, Aldini G, Ukropec J, Ukropcova B. Effects of carnosine supplementation on glucose metabolism: Pilot clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1027-34. [PMID: 27040154 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnosine is a naturally present dipeptide in humans and an over-the counter food additive. Evidence from animal studies supports the role for carnosine in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, yet there is limited human data. This study investigated whether carnosine supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity improves diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS In a double-blind randomized pilot trial in nondiabetic individuals with overweight and obesity (age 43 ± 8 years; body mass index 31 ± 4 kg/m(2) ), 15 individuals were randomly assigned to 2 g carnosine daily and 15 individuals to placebo for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity and secretion, glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test), blood pressure, plasma lipid profile, skeletal muscle ((1) H-MRS), and urinary carnosine levels were measured. RESULTS Carnosine concentrations increased in urine after supplementation (P < 0.05). An increase in fasting insulin and insulin resistance was hampered in individuals receiving carnosine compared to placebo, and this remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and change in body weight (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, respectively). Two-hour glucose and insulin were both lower after carnosine supplementation compared to placebo in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These pilot intervention data suggest that carnosine supplementation may be an effective strategy for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaela Jakubova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilian Pj de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivica Just Kukurova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovic
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timea Kurdiova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Davide Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitàdegli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbaresi
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Krssak
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitàdegli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Bretón-Romero R, Feng B, Holbrook M, Farb MG, Fetterman JL, Linder EA, Berk BD, Masaki N, Weisbrod RM, Inagaki E, Gokce N, Fuster JJ, Walsh K, Hamburg NM. Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Diabetes Is Mediated by Wnt5a-JNK Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:561-9. [PMID: 26800561 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is linked to insulin resistance, inflammatory activation, and increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have identified proinflammatory signaling of wingless-type family member (Wnt) 5a through c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) as a regulator of metabolic dysfunction with potential relevance to vascular function. We sought to gain evidence that increased activation of Wnt5a-JNK signaling contributes to impaired endothelial function in patients with diabetes mellitus. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and characterized freshly isolated endothelial cells by protein expression, eNOS activation, and nitric oxide production in 85 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=42) and age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls (n=43) and in human aortic endothelial cells treated with Wnt5a. Endothelial cells from patients with diabetes mellitus displayed 1.3-fold higher Wnt5a levels (P=0.01) along with 1.4-fold higher JNK activation (P<0.01) without a difference in total JNK levels. Higher JNK activation was associated with lower flow-mediated dilation, consistent with endothelial dysfunction (r=0.53, P=0.02). Inhibition of Wnt5a and JNK signaling restored insulin and A23187-mediated eNOS activation and improved nitric oxide production in endothelial cells from patients with diabetes mellitus. In endothelial cells from nondiabetic controls, rWnt5a treatment inhibited eNOS activation replicating the diabetic endothelial phenotype. In human aortic endothelial cells, Wnt5a-induced impairment of eNOS activation and nitric oxide production was reversed by Wnt5a and JNK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that noncanonical Wnt5a signaling and JNK activity contribute to vascular insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction and may represent a novel therapeutic opportunity to protect the vasculature in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bretón-Romero
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Bihua Feng
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Monika Holbrook
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Melissa G Farb
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Erika A Linder
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Brittany D Berk
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Elica Inagaki
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Jose J Fuster
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- From the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
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13
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Pal M, Febbraio MA, Lancaster GI. The roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) in obesity and insulin resistance. J Physiol 2015; 594:267-79. [PMID: 26608096 DOI: 10.1113/jp271457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently at epidemic levels worldwide and is associated with a wide range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease and certain forms of cancer. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is central to the disrupted metabolic homeostasis which underlies many of these conditions. While research over the past decade has identified many of the cells and signalling molecules that contribute to obesity-induced inflammation, perhaps the best characterised are the stress-activated c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinases (JNKs). JNKs are activated in obesity in numerous metabolically important cells and tissues such as adipose tissue, macrophages, liver, skeletal muscle and regions of the brain and pituitary. Elegant in vivo mouse studies using Cre-LoxP-mediated recombination of the JNK1 and JNK2 genes have revealed the remarkably diverse roles that JNKs play in the development of obesity-induced inflammation, impaired glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. While JNK activation in classical metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue only appears to play a minor role on the induction of the above-mentioned pathologies, recent studies have clearly established the important roles JNK signalling fulfils in macrophages, the liver and cells of the anterior pituitary. Collectively, these studies place JNKs as important mediators of obesity and obesity-associated disruptions to metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pal
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.,Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Apostolopoulos V, de Courten MPJ, Stojanovska L, Blatch GL, Tangalakis K, de Courten B. The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:43-57. [PMID: 26331761 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been utilized in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity, including, surgery, medication, diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle changes. Despite these interventions, the prevalence of obesity and the various disorders related to it is growing. In obesity, there is a constant state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and a dysregulated production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other related co-morbidities. The roles of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells, MAIT cells) and the adaptive (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells) immune responses and the roles of adipokines and cytokines in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity are discussed. An understanding of the crosstalk between the immune system and adipocytes may shed light in better treatment modalities for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and preventative Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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15
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Abell SK, De Courten B, Boyle JA, Teede HJ. Inflammatory and Other Biomarkers: Role in Pathophysiology and Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13442-73. [PMID: 26110385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pathophysiology and identifying mothers at risk of major pregnancy complications is vital to effective prevention and optimal management. However, in current antenatal care, understanding of pathophysiology of complications is limited. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk prediction is mostly based on maternal history and clinical risk factors and may not optimally identify high risk pregnancies. Hence, universal screening is widely recommended. Here, we will explore the literature on GDM and biomarkers including inflammatory markers, adipokines, endothelial function and lipids to advance understanding of pathophysiology and explore risk prediction, with a goal to guide prevention and treatment of GDM.
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16
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Nakamura T, Kunz RC, Zhang C, Kimura T, Yuan CL, Baccaro B, Namiki Y, Gygi SP, Hotamisligil GS. A critical role for PKR complexes with TRBP in Immunometabolic regulation and eIF2α phosphorylation in obesity. Cell Rep 2015; 11:295-307. [PMID: 25843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant stress and inflammatory responses are key factors in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, and the double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (PKR) has been proposed to play an important role in integrating these pathways. Here, we report the formation of a complex between PKR and TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP) during metabolic and obesity-induced stress, which is critical for the regulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. We show that TRBP phosphorylation is induced in the setting of metabolic stress, leading to PKR activation. Suppression of hepatic TRBP reduced inflammation, JNK activity, and eIF2α phosphorylation and improved systemic insulin resistance and glucose metabolism, while TRBP overexpression exacerbated the impairment in glucose homeostasis in obese mice. These data indicate that the association between PKR and TRBP integrates metabolism with translational control and inflammatory signaling and plays important roles in metabolic homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Nakamura
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Ryan C Kunz
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cai Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taishi Kimura
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Celvie L Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Brenna Baccaro
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuka Namiki
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Khadir A, Tiss A, Abubaker J, Abu-Farha M, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, John J, Kavalakatt S, Warsame S, Al-Madhoun A, Al-Ghimlas F, Elkum N, Behbehani K, Dermime S, Dehbi M. MAP kinase phosphatase DUSP1 is overexpressed in obese humans and modulated by physical exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E71-83. [PMID: 25370852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00577.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of the stress defense system are cardinal features of obesity, a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), known also as MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), is implicated in metabolism and energy expenditure. Mice lacking DUSP1 are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. However, the expression of DUSP1 has not been investigated in human obesity. In the current study, we compared the expression pattern of DUSP1 between lean and obese nondiabetic human subjects using subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The levels of DUSP1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in obese subjects with concomitant decrease in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and PGC-1α and an increase in the levels of phospho-JNK (p-JNK) and phospho-ERK (p-ERK). Moreover, obese subjects had higher levels of circulating DUSP1 protein that correlated positively with various obesity indicators, triglycerides, glucagon, insulin, leptin, and PAI-1 (P < 0.05) but negatively with V̇O(2max) and high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05). The observation that DUSP1 was overexpressed in obese subjects prompted us to investigate whether physical exercise could reduce its expression. In this study, we report for the first time that physical exercise significantly attenuated the expression of DUSP1 in both the SAT and PBMCs, with a parallel increase in the expression of PGC-1α and a reduction in the levels of p-JNK and p-ERK along with attenuated inflammatory response. Collectively, our data suggest that DUSP1 upregulation is strongly linked to adiposity and that physical exercise modulates its expression. This gives further evidence that exercise might be useful as a strategy for managing obesity and preventing its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Tiss
- Deptartment of Biomedical Research
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naser Elkum
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kazem Behbehani
- Deptartment of Biomedical Research, Fitness and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Said Dermime
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Ferreira ST, Clarke JR, Bomfim TR, De Felice FG. Inflammation, defective insulin signaling, and neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:S76-83. [PMID: 24529528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic disorders has been established, with patients with type 2 diabetes at increased risk of developing AD and vice versa. The incidence of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is increasing at alarming rates worldwide, primarily as a result of poor lifestyle habits. In parallel, as the world population ages, the prevalence of AD, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, also increases. In addition to their epidemiologic and clinical association, mounting recent evidence indicates shared mechanisms of pathogenesis between metabolic disorders and AD. We discuss the concept that peripheral and central nervous system inflammation link the pathogenesis of AD and metabolic diseases. We also explore the contribution of brain inflammation to defective insulin signaling and neuronal dysfunction. Last, we review recent evidence indicating that targeting neuroinflammation may provide novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Julia R Clarke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Theresa R Bomfim
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Sourris KC, Lyons JG, Dougherty SL, Chand V, Straznicky NE, Schlaich MP, Grima MT, Cooper ME, Kingwell BA, de Courten MPJ, Forbes JM, de Courten B. Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and NF-κB activity are independent determinants of diastolic and pulse pressure. Clin Chem Lab Med 2014; 52:129-38. [PMID: 23525877 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can initiate chronic low-grade activation of the immune system (CLAIS) with each of these factors independently associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the relationship between serum AGEs, CLAIS and other risk factors for CV disease in normotensive non-diabetic individuals. METHODS We measured body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, lipid and glucose profile in 44 non-diabetic volunteers (17 female, 27 males). Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) was measured by ELISA as a marker for circulating AGEs and NF-κB p65 activity as an inflammatory marker by DNA-binding in peripheral blood mononuclear cells lysates (PBMC). RESULTS Plasma CML concentrations were related to diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.51, p<0.01) independently of age, sex, BMI and WHR (p<0.05). Diastolic blood pressure was also related to NF-κB activity in PBMC (r=0.47, p<0.01) before and after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and WHR (p<0.05). Plasma CML concentrations were related to the pulse pressure before (r=0.42; p<0.05) and after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and waist (p<0.05). Neither CML nor NF-κB activity were related to systolic blood pressure (both p=ns). Plasma CML concentrations were not associated with plasma lipid or glucose concentrations (all p=ns). CONCLUSIONS Plasma AGE levels and NF-κB activity in PBMC were independent determinants of diastolic and pulse pressure in healthy normotensive individuals. This association suggests a role for AGEs in the etiology of hypertension, possibly via the initiation of CLAIS and aortic stiffening.
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20
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Harte AL, Tripathi G, Piya MK, Barber TM, Clapham JC, Al-Daghri N, Al-Disi D, Kumsaiyai W, Saravanan P, Fowler AE, O'Hare JP, Kumar S, McTernan PG. NFκB as a potent regulator of inflammation in human adipose tissue, influenced by depot, adiposity, T2DM status, and TNFα. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2322-30. [PMID: 23408599 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central obesity and sub-clinical inflammation increase metabolic risk, this study examined the intracellular inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue (AT) that contribute to this risk. DESIGN AND METHODS This study therefore addressed the influence of NFκB and JNK activation in human abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) and omental (Om) AT, the effect of adiposity, T2DM status and the role of TNFα in vitro, using molecular biology techniques. RESULTS Our data showed NFκB activity is increased in Om AT versus AbdSc AT (P<0.01), which was reversed with respect to depot specific activation of JNK (P<0.01). However, T2DM status appeared to preferentially activate NFκB (P<0.001) over JNK. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed recombinant human (rh) TNFα treated AbdSc adipocytes increased NFκB activity over time (2-48 h, P<0.05) whilst JNK activity reduced (2 h, 4 h, P<0.05); inhibitor studies supported a preferential role for NFκB as a modulator of TNFα secretion. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest distinct changes in NFκB and JNK activation, dependent upon AT depot, adiposity and T2DM status, with in vitro use of rh TNFα leading to activation of NFκB. Consequently NFκB appears to play a central role in inflammatory mediated metabolic disease over JNK, highlighting NFκB as a potential key target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Harte
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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21
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Forbes JM, Sourris KC, de Courten MPJ, Dougherty SL, Chand V, Lyons JG, Bertovic D, Coughlan MT, Schlaich MP, Soldatos G, Cooper ME, Straznicky NE, Kingwell BA, de Courten B. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are cross-sectionally associated with insulin secretion in healthy subjects. Amino Acids 2013; 46:321-6. [PMID: 23832534 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that chronic exposure to high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), in particular from dietary sources, can impair insulin secretion. In the present study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationship between AGEs and acute insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy humans. We report the cross-sectional association between circulating AGE concentrations and insulin secretory function in healthy humans (17 F: 27 M, aged 30 ± 10 years) with a wide range of BMI (24.6-31.0 kg/m(2)). Higher circulating concentrations of AGEs were related to increased first phase insulin secretion during IVGTT (r = 0.43; p < 0.05) and lower 2-h glucose concentrations during OGTT (r = -0.31; p < 0.05). In addition, fasting (r = -0.36; p < 0.05) and 2-h glucose concentrations were negatively related to circulating levels of soluble receptor for AGE (RAGE) isoforms (r = -0.39; p < 0.01). In conclusion, in healthy humans, we show a cross-sectional association between advanced glycation end products and acute insulin secretion during glucose tolerance testing.
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is significantly elevated in obesity and may contribute to vascular disease, metabolic syndrome or cancer in obese individuals. The current studies were done to determine if hyperinsulinemia increases plasma HGF. MATERIALS/METHODS Twenty-two participants (10 women/12 men, BMI 20.6-34.5 kg/m(2), age 18-49 years) underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with measurement of HGF at baseline and steady state. Relationships between baseline HGF, anthropometrics, triglycerides, liver enzymes, c-reactive protein and adiponectin were also evaluated. RESULTS Fasting HGF was positively correlated (P<0.050) with weight (r=0.63), BMI (r=0.55), waist circumference (r=0.68), WHR (r=0.48), triglycerides (r=0.44), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.74) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0.56), but not c-reactive protein or adiponectin. In stepwise regression, alanine aminotransferase and insulin sensitivity accounted for significant variation in fasting HGF. A significant effect of insulin to suppress HGF during the clamp (P=0.029) was found after adjustment for BMI. HGF was reduced 7% at steady state in the lean subjects only (437.1 ±57.8 vs 405.4±72.0 pg/ml; P=0.030). CONCLUSIONS The positive correlation of HGF with hepatic enzymes suggests liver may be a significant source of circulating HGF in lean subjects. The strong correlation of plasma HGF with adiposity and the lack of an effect of insulin to increase HGF during the clamp in obese subjects suggest that adiposity, rather than elevated insulin levels, may be the major contributor to plasma HGF in obese subjects. Thus, a reduction in plasma HGF through weight loss is likely the best way to decrease comorbidities mediated by this angiogenic and mitogenic factor.
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23
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Reyna SM, Tantiwong P, Cersosimo E, DeFronzo RA, Sriwijitkamol A, Musi N. Short-term exercise training improves insulin sensitivity but does not inhibit inflammatory pathways in immune cells from insulin-resistant subjects. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:107805. [PMID: 23671849 PMCID: PMC3647562 DOI: 10.1155/2013/107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Exercise has an anti-inflammatory effect against, and immune cells play critical roles in the development, of insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD). Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects by downregulating proinflammatory signaling in immune cells. Methods. Seventeen lean, 8 obese nondiabetic, and 11 obese type 2 diabetic individuals underwent an aerobic exercise program for 15 days and an insulin clamp before and after exercise. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) were obtained for determination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 protein content and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Results. Compared with that in lean individuals, TLR4 protein content was increased by 4.2-fold in diabetic subjects. This increase in TLR4 content was accompanied by a 3.0-fold increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Exercise improved insulin sensitivity in the lean, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. However, exercise did not affect TLR content or ERK phosphorylation. Conclusions. TLR4 content and ERK phosphorylation are increased in PMNC of type 2 diabetic individuals. While exercise improves insulin sensitivity, this effect is not related to changes in TLR2/TLR4 content or ERK phosphorylation in PMNC of type 2 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Reyna
- Medical Research Division, Regional Academic Health Center, 1214 W. Schunior Street, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Puntip Tantiwong
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
| | - Apiradee Sriwijitkamol
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Geriatric, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- *Nicolas Musi:
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Friedrichsen M, Ribel-Madsen R, Mortensen B, Hansen CN, Alibegovic AC, Højbjerre L, Sonne MP, Wojtaszewski JFP, Stallknecht B, Dela F, Vaag A. Muscle inflammatory signaling in response to 9 days of physical inactivity in young men with low compared with normal birth weight. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167:829-38. [PMID: 22968485 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms linking physical inactivity and muscle insulin resistance in humans have been suggested to include increased muscle inflammation, possibly associated with impaired oxidative metabolism. We employed a human bed rest study including 20 young males with normal birth weight (NBW) and 20 with low birth weight (LBW) and increased risk of diabetes. METHODOLOGY The subjects were studied before and after 9 days of bed rest using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and muscle biopsy excision. Muscle inflammatory status was assessed as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory MCP1 (CCL2) and IL6 and the macrophage marker CD68. Furthermore, mRNA expression of genes central to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was measured including ATP5O, COX7A1, NDUFB6, and UQCRB. RESULTS At baseline, muscle inflammatory status was similar in NBW and LBW individuals. After bed rest, CD68 expression was increased in LBW (P=0.03) but not in NBW individuals. Furthermore, expression levels of all OXPHOS genes were reduced after bed rest in LBW (P ≤ 0.05) but not in NBW subjects and were negatively correlated with CD68 expression in LBW subjects (P ≤ 0.03 for all correlations). MCP1 expression and NF-κB activity were unaffected by bed rest, and IL6 expression was too low for accurate measurements. None of the inflammatory markers correlated with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Although LBW subjects exhibit disproportionately elevated CD68 mRNA expression suggesting macrophage infiltration and reduced OXPHOS gene expression when exposed to bed rest, our data altogether do not support the notion that bed rest-induced (9 days) insulin resistance is caused by increased muscle inflammation.
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Abstract
The stress-activated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Intricate tissue-specific tweaking of JNK activity in preclinical models of metabolic diseases reveals a complex interplay among local and systemic effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Synthesis of these entangled effects illustrates that for JNK inhibitors to have therapeutic impact, they must function in multiple cell types to modulate JNK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Vallerie
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Henstridge DC, Forbes JM, Penfold SA, Formosa MF, Dougherty S, Gasser A, de Courten MP, Cooper ME, Kingwell BA, de Courten B. The relationship between heat shock protein 72 expression in skeletal muscle and insulin sensitivity is dependent on adiposity. Metabolism 2010; 59:1556-61. [PMID: 20199785 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Decreased gene expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance in humans. We aimed to determine whether HSP72 protein expression in insulin-sensitive tissues is related to criterion standard measures of adiposity and insulin resistance in a young healthy human population free of hyperglycemia. Healthy participants (N = 17; age, 30 ± 3 years) underwent measurement of body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), a maximum aerobic capacity test (VO(2max)), an oral glucose tolerance test, and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (M) to access insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy. HSP72 protein expression in skeletal muscle was inversely related to percentage body fat (r = -0.54, P < .05) and remained significant after adjustment for age and sex (P < .05). Insulin sensitivity was also related to HSP72 protein expression in skeletal muscle (r = 0.52, P < .05); however, this relationship disappeared after adjustment for percentage body fat (P = .2). In adipose tissue, HSP72 protein expression was not related to adiposity or insulin sensitivity. Physical activity and aerobic fitness did not show any association with HSP72 protein expression in either tissue studied. A lower expression of HSP72 protein in human skeletal muscle was associated with increased adiposity and decreased insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals. These findings are consistent with rodent data suggesting that HSP72 stimulates fat oxidation with consequent reduction in fat storage and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Henstridge
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, VIC, Australia
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Sourris KC, Morley AL, Koitka A, Samuel P, Coughlan MT, Penfold SA, Thomas MC, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP, Yamamoto H, Allen TJ, Walther T, Hussain T, Cooper ME, Forbes JM. Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) blockade may exert its renoprotective effects in patients with diabetic nephropathy via induction of the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2442-51. [PMID: 20631980 PMCID: PMC4926314 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) contributes to the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we examined whether the protective effects of RAGE blockade are exerted via modulation of the renal angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor. METHODS Control and streptozotocin diabetic mice, wild-type or deficient in the AT2 receptor (At2 knockout [KO]) or RAGE (Rage KO), were studied for 24 weeks. Adenoviral overexpression of full-length Rage in primary rat mesangial cells was also used to determine the effects on AT2 production. RESULTS With diabetes, Rage-deficient mice had less albuminuria, and an attenuation of hyperfiltration and glomerulosclerosis as compared with diabetic wild-type and At2 KO mice. Renal gene and protein expression of RAGE was elevated with diabetes. Diabetic Rage KO mice had a greater increase in renal AT2 receptor protein than was seen in diabetic wild-type mice. Diabetes-induced increases in renal cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide generation were prevented in diabetic Rage KO mice, but enhanced in all At2 KO mice. Adenoviral overexpression of RAGE or AGE treatment decreased cell surface AT2 expression, in association with increasing superoxide generation; both were reversed using antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and apocynin, and soluble RAGE in primary mesangial cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION RAGE appears to be a common and key modulator of AT2 receptor expression, a finding that would implicate a newly defined RAGE-AT2 axis in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Sourris
- JDRF Einstein Centre for Diabetes Complications, Baker Heart Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Rd Central, Melbourne, Victoria, 8008, Australia.
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28
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Abstract
Hyperglycemia is commonplace in the critically ill patient and is associated with worse outcomes. It occurs after severe stress (e.g., infection or injury) and results from a combination of increased secretion of catabolic hormones, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, and resistance to the peripheral and hepatic actions of insulin. The use of carbohydrate-based feeds, glucose containing solutions, and drugs such as epinephrine may exacerbate the hyperglycemia. Mechanisms by which hyperglycemia cause harm are uncertain. Deranged osmolality and blood flow, intracellular acidosis, and enhanced superoxide production have all been implicated. The net result is derangement of endothelial, immune and coagulation function and an association with neuropathy and myopathy. These changes can be prevented, at least in part, by the use of insulin to maintain normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brealey
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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