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Hu R, Huang Y, Geng Y, Liu Z, Li F, Zhang Z, Ma W, Song K, Dong H, Song Y, Zhang M. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi decoction ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome via oocyte-granulosa cell communication. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117654. [PMID: 38158097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (JWBZYQ), from records of FuqingzhuNvke, is a classical formula for treating obese women related infertility. JWBZYQ has been shown to be effective in treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in both clinical studies and practical practice, with the pharmacological mechanism remaining unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential therapeutic effects and mechanistic insights of JWBZYQ in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS An overweight PCOS rat model was established via testosterone propionate (TP) injection and 45% high-fat diet (HFD). Then they were categorized into five distinct groups: Control group, Model group, low-dose of JWBZYQ (JWBZYQ1) group, high-dose of JWBZYQ (JWBZYQ2) group, and metformin (Met) group. Body weight, estrous cycle, and sex hormone levels were observed. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was employed to investigate the histological characteristics of the ovaries. To identify the pathways that changed significantly, transcriptome analysis was performed. The protein and mRNA levels of key molecules in ovarian zona pellucida (ZP) organization, transzonal projections (TZPs) assembly, steroid hormone receptors, and steroidogenesis were assessed using phalloidin staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that regulation of hormone secretion, cilium assembly, cell projection assembly, and ZP production may all have crucial impact on the etiology of PCOS and therapeutic effect of JWBZYQ. In particular, PCOS rats exhibited elevated expressions of ZP1-3, which can be reversed by JWBZYQ2 particularly. Simultaneously, TZPs assembly was totally disrupted in PCOS rats, evidenced by the phalloidin staining, upregulated calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta (CaMKIIβ), and deficient p-CaMKIIβ, myosin X (MYO10), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), and Fascin. Nonetheless, JWBZYQ or metformin treatment revived the disturbance, repairing the oocyte-granulosa cell communication, regulating steroidogenesis in PCOS rats. In this way, JWBZYQ and metformin exerted remarkable effects in alleviating altered ovarian morphology and function in PCOS rats, with JWBZYQ2 revealing the best effect. CONCLUSIONS JWBZYQ restored the altered ovarian morphology and function by regulating the oocyte-granulosa cell communication, which was related with ZP organization and TZPs assembly in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Kunkun Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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El-Shamarka MEA, Aboulthana WM, Omar NI, Mahfouz MM. Evaluation of the biological efficiency of Terminalia chebula fruit extract against neurochemical changes induced in brain of diabetic rats: an epigenetic study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1439-1460. [PMID: 38329710 PMCID: PMC11006788 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that can stimulate neuroinflammation and increase oxidative stress in the brain. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanolic Terminalia chebula extract against the neurochemical and histopathological changes induced in the brains of diabetic rats. The study clarified the reduction in oxidative stress induced in the brains of diabetic rats by the significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in levels of the antioxidants with decreasing the peroxidation products via ethanolic T. chebula extract at both doses (400 and 600 mg/kg). Moreover, T. chebula extract improved the brain integrity by lowering levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β-amyloid (Aβ) content, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in a dose dependent manner compared to brain of diabetic rats. Severe nuclear pyknosis and degeneration were noticed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum in brains of diabetic rats. The severity of these alterations decreased with T. chebula extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the other treated groups. The different electrophoretic protein and isoenzyme assays revealed that the lowest similarity index (SI%) values exist in the brains of diabetic rats compared to the control group. The quantity of the most native proteins and isoenzyme types increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the brains of diabetic rats, and these electrophoretic variations were completely diminished by T. chebula extract. The study concluded that T. chebula extract ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological and electrophoretic abnormalities induced in the brains of diabetic rats when administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E A El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Mahmoud Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Ibrahim Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibīn Al-Kawm, Egypt
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Koopmans SJ, Binnendijk G, Ledoux A, Choi YH, Mes JJ, Guan X, Molist F, Thị Minh TP, van der Wielen N. Momordica charantia fruit reduces plasma fructosamine whereas stems and leaves increase plasma insulin in adult mildly diabetic obese Göttingen Minipigs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298163. [PMID: 38498469 PMCID: PMC10947704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd) is known for its blood glucose lowering potential. This has been validated by many previous studies based on rodent models but human trials are less convincing and the physiological mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of Bitter gourd are still unclear. The present study compared the effects of whole fruit or stems-leaves from five different Bitter gourd cultivars on metabolic control in adult diabetic obese Göttingen Minipigs. METHODS Twenty streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) obese Minipigs (body weight ~85 kg) were subdivided in mildly and overtly D pigs and fed 500 g of obesogenic diet per day for a period of three weeks, supplemented with 20 g dried powdered Bitter gourd or 20 g dried powdered grass as isoenergetic control in a cross-over, within-subject design. RESULTS Bitter gourd fruit from the cultivars "Palee" and "Good healthy" reduced plasma fructosamine concentrations in all pigs combined (from 450±48 to 423±53 and 490±50 to 404±48 μmol/L, both p<0.03, respectively) indicating improved glycemic control by 6% and 17%. These effects were statistically confirmed in mildly D pigs but not in overtly D pigs. In mildly D pigs, the other three cultivars of fruit showed consistent numerical but no significant improvements in glycemic control. The composition of Bitter gourd fruit was studied by metabolomics profiling and analysis identified three metabolites from the class of triterpenoids (Xuedanoside H, Acutoside A, Karaviloside IX) that were increased in the cultivars "Palee" (>3.9-fold) and "Good healthy" (>8.9-fold) compared to the mean of the other three cultivars. Bitter gourd stems and leaves from the cultivar "Bilai" increased plasma insulin concentrations in all pigs combined by 28% (from 53±6 to 67±9 pmol/L, p<0.03). The other two cultivars of stems and leaves showed consistent numerical but no significant increases in plasma insulin concentrations. The effects on plasma insulin concentrations were confirmed in mildly D pigs but not in overtly D pigs. CONCLUSIONS Fruits of Bitter gourd improve glycemic control and stems-leaves of Bitter gourd increase plasma insulin concentrations in an obese pig model for mild diabetes. The effects of Bitter gourd fruit on glycemic control seem consistent but relatively small and cultivar specific which may explain the varying results of human trials reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse Jan Koopmans
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gisabeth Binnendijk
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Allison Ledoux
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaonan Guan
- Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tâm Phạm Thị Minh
- Department of Food crops and Horticulture, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nikkie van der Wielen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gone GB, Go G, Nam G, Jeong W, Kim H, Lee S, Chung SJ. Exploring the Anti-Diabetic Potential of Quercetagitrin through Dual Inhibition of PTPN6 and PTPN9. Nutrients 2024; 16:647. [PMID: 38474775 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are pivotal contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Hence, directing interventions towards PTPs emerges as a valuable therapeutic approach for managing type 2 diabetes. In particular, PTPN6 and PTPN9 are targets for anti-diabetic effects. Through high-throughput drug screening, quercetagitrin (QG) was recognized as a dual-target inhibitor of PTPN6 and PTPN9. We observed that QG suppressed the catalytic activity of PTPN6 (IC50 = 1 μM) and PTPN9 (IC50 = 1.7 μM) in vitro and enhanced glucose uptake by mature C2C12 myoblasts. Additionally, QG increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-dependent phosphorylation of Akt in mature C2C12 myoblasts. It further promoted the phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of palmitic acid, suggesting the attenuation of insulin resistance. In summary, our results indicate QG's role as a potent inhibitor targeting both PTPN6 and PTPN9, showcasing its potential as a promising treatment avenue for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali B Gone
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhui Go
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Jeong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soah Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Yin K, Wu R. Systematic Investigation of Dose-Dependent Protein Thermal Stability Changes to Uncover the Mechanisms of the Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:467-477. [PMID: 38357277 PMCID: PMC10863438 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug to treat type II diabetes. Beyond lowering blood sugar, it has been reported to have pleiotropic effects such as suppressing cancer growth and attenuating cell oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain to be explored. Here, we systematically study the thermal stability changes of proteins in liver cells (HepG2) induced by a wide dosage range of metformin by using the proteome integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay. The current results demonstrate that, besides the most accepted target of metformin (complex I), low concentrations of metformin (such as 0.2 μM) stabilize the complex IV subunits, suggesting its important role in the sugar-lowering effect. Low-dose metformin also results in stability alterations of ribosomal proteins, correlating with its inhibitive effect on cell proliferation. We further find that low-concentration metformin impacts mitochondrial cargo and vesicle transport, while high-concentration metformin affects cell redox responses and cell membrane protein sorting. This study provides mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanisms of lowering blood sugar and the pleiotropic effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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6
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Brenta G, Di Fermo F. Thyroid cancer and insulin resistance. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:19-34. [PMID: 37957487 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has shown a parallel increase with diabetes in the last few years. This narrative review aims to explain the association between these two entities, focusing on insulin resistance as the mediator and exploring the effects of antidiabetic agents on thyroid cancer incidence and progression.We searched Pubmed for English-written articles on insulin resistance, diabetes, antidiabetic treatments, and thyroid cancer reported from January 2019 to April 2023. Exclusion criteria were preclinical and clinical studies involving a population with thyroid dysfunction, benign nodular goiter, or those that only analyzed thyroid cancer's association with obesity.The results of the narrative literature review revealed 96 articles. Additionally, four studies from a manual search were retrieved. After the exclusion criteria were applied, we included 20 studies. Out of 8 studies on insulin-resistant or Metabolic Syndrome patients, all suggest a positive association with thyroid cancer. At the same time, for diabetes, four out of five publications support a link with thyroid cancer. The seven remaining studies on antidiabetics suggest that metformin might benefit thyroid cancer. In contrast, the evidence for an association between Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and increased thyroid cancer findings is limited.In conclusion, the association between thyroid cancer and diabetes may be explained by insulin resistance, as shown in observational studies. However, the causal role is yet to be defined. Although the wide use of different antidiabetic agents has been related to thyroid cancer prevalence and progression, future research with drugs such as metformin or GLP-1 RA is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brenta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unidad Asistencial Dr. César Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Di Fermo
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Virgen del Carmen, Zárate, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jagannath S, Mallanna SH, Nandini CD. Diet-inducing hypercholesterolemia show decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins through modulation of AMPK. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:205-218. [PMID: 37996652 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a nutritionally driven, post-translational modification of proteins, is gaining importance because of its health implications. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation are observed in various disease conditions. Changes in O-GlcNAcylation by diet that causes hypercholesterolemia are not critically looked into in the liver. To address it, both in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed. Hypercholesterolemia was induced individually by feeding cholesterol (H)/high-fat (HF) diet. Global O-GlcNAcylation levels and modulation of AMPK activation in both preventive and curative approaches were looked into. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which was associated with decreased O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-1 (GFAT1). Activation of AMPK by metformin in preventive mode restored the O-GlcNAcylation levels; however, metformin treatment of HepG2 cells in curative mode restored O-GlcNAcylation levels in HF but failed to in H condition (at 24 h). Further, maternal faulty diet resulted in decreased O-GlcNAcylation in pup liver despite feeding normal diet till adulthood. A faulty diet modulates global O-GlcNAcylation of liver proteins which is accompanied by decreased AMPK activation which could exacerbate metabolic syndromes through fat accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Jagannath
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smitha Honnalagere Mallanna
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zhou SM, Yao XM, Cheng Y, Xing YJ, Sun Y, Hua Q, Wan SJ, Meng XJ. Metformin enhances METTL14-Mediated m6A methylation to alleviate NIT-1 cells apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24432. [PMID: 38312705 PMCID: PMC10835167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Injuries to pancreatic β-cells are intricately linked to the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). Metformin (Met), one of the most widely prescribed medications for diabetes and metabolic disorders, has been extensively studied for its antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-glycation, and hepatoprotective activities. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in the regulation of β-cell growth and development, and its dysregulation is associated with metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic basis of m6A involvement in the protective effects of Met against oxidative damage in pancreatic β-cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to induce β-cell damage. Remarkably, Met treatment effectively increased methylation levels and the expression of the methyltransferase METTL14, subsequently reducing H2O2-induced apoptosis. Knocking down METTL14 expression using siRNA significantly compromised cell viability. Conversely, targeted overexpression of METTL14 specifically in β-cells substantially enhanced their capacity to withstand H2O2-induced stress. Molecular evidence suggests that the anti-apoptotic properties of Met may be mediated through Bcl-xL and Bim proteins. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Met induces METTL14-mediated alterations in m6A methylation levels, thereby shielding β-cells from apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xin-Ming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
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Davidsen L, Jensen MH, Cook ME, Vestergaard P, Knop FK, Drewes AM, Olesen SS. Metformin treatment is associated with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in patients with post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:44-53. [PMID: 38134412 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a frequent complication of pancreatitis and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Metformin is recommended for the treatment of PPDM, but evidence of its risk-benefit profile is limited. In a pharmaco-epidemiologic study, we investigated the association between metformin treatment and adverse outcomes in patients with PPDM. DESIGN AND METHODS In a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study, we included adults (≥18 years) with incident PPDM or type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2018. Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus was categorised into acute and chronic subtypes (PPDM-A and PPDM-C). Associations between metformin treatment and severe hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality were examined across the diabetes subgroups using Cox regression analysis. Treatments with metformin, insulin, and other glucose-lowering therapies were handled as time-varying exposures. RESULTS We included 222 337 individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes and 3781 with PPDM, of whom 2305 (61%) were classified as PPDM-A and 1476 (39%) as PPDM-C. Treatment with metformin was associated with a lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62, P < .0001), MACE (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60-0.92, P = .0071), and all-cause mortality (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.49-0.64, P < .0001) in patients with PPDM. In sensitivity analyses and among individuals with type 2 diabetes, metformin treatment exhibited comparable trends of risk reduction. CONCLUSIONS Metformin is associated with a lower risk of adverse outcomes, including all-cause mortality in patients with PPDM, supporting the use of metformin as a glucose-lowering therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Davidsen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten H Jensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Data Science, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Mathias E Cook
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Centre for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 273 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre North Jutland, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren S Olesen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Qianshi Y, Huang L, Jin J, Li Y, Li Y, Hao X, Yuan C. Three rare nor-sesquiterpenoids with lipid-lowering activity from Belamcanda chinensis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9640-9646. [PMID: 38019684 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Belchinoids A-C (1-3), three unusual nor-sesquiterpenoids, along with a new isoflavone (4), were isolated from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 represents the first C13 nor-sesquiterpenoid with a five membered carbon ring. Compounds 2 and 3 are rare C14 chained nor-sesquiterpenoids. Their structures were fully characterized based on extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemistry calculation. Three compounds (1, 2, and 4) showed potent inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in an oleic acid-treated HepG2 cell model. In particular, compound 2 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on triglyceride accumulation at a low concentration of 2.5 μM, better than the positive control atorvastatin. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of the three nor-sesquiterpenoids (1-3) is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Qianshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Huaxi Avenue 2708, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China
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Darijani MH, Aminzadeh A, Rahimi HR, Mandegary A, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Jafari E. Evaluating the protective effect of metformin against diclofenac-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage: In vitro and in vivo studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149168. [PMID: 37907013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the most commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has been shown to cause oxidative stress and liver injury. The current study investigated protective effects of metformin against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. For the in vitro study, HepG2 cells were exposed to DIC in the presence or absence of metformin. The effect of metformin on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol molecules (TTM), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were assessed. For the in vivo study, thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. These groups were normal saline, metformin (200 mg/kg), DIC (50 mg/kg/day), DIC + metformin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day). Histopathological studies and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, direct and total bilirubin were measured. Also, oxidative stress parameters were assessed in liver tissue. Furthermore, expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1, -3, and -4, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, and -3 was examined using the real-time PCR method in hepatic tissue. In the in vitro study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced loss in cell viability in HepG2 cells. Metformin markedly reduced DIC-induced elevation of MDA levels and increased the TAC and TTM levels. In the in vivo study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced changes in hematological and histological markers. Administration of metformin significantly improved oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue. In addition, metformin increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Our results suggest that metformin exerts a significant protective effect against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Darijani
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mahmoud MM, Rashed LA, Soliman SA, Sayed SM, Kamel O, Kamar SS, Hussien RES. SGLT-2 inhibitors enhance the effect of metformin to ameliorate hormonal changes and inflammatory markers in a rat PCOS model. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15858. [PMID: 37985173 PMCID: PMC10659952 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorder affecting females. The management of PCOS is challenging and current interventions are not enough to deal with all consequences of this syndrome. We explored the beneficial effect of combined sodium glucose co transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i); (empagliflozin) and metformin on hormonal and metabolic parameters in an animal model of PCOS and insulin resistance (IR). Forty adult female Wistar rats divided into five groups: control, PCOS-IR, PCOS-IR treated with metformin, PCOS-IR treated with empagliflozin, and PCOS-IR treated with combined metformin and empagliflozin. Single modality treatment with metformin or empagliflozin yielded significant improvement in body mass index, insulin resistance, lipid profile, sex hormones, inflammatory markers, and ovarian cystic follicles. Combined metformin with empagliflozin expressed further significant improvement in sex hormones, inflammatory markers with disappearance of ovarian cystic follicles. The superior significant improvement with combined treatment over the single modality was in line with significant improvement in the ovarian AMPKα-SIRT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | | | | | - Omneya Kamel
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineNew Giza UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Samaa Samir Kamar
- Department of Histology, Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Department of HistologyArmed Forces College of MedicineCairoEgypt
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13
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. A novel combination of metformin and resveratrol alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:3135-3148. [PMID: 37209153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder that is associated with the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes. Resveratrol (RSV), as a natural product, and metformin have been reported to have potential lipid-lowering effects for the treatment of NAFLD via autophagy, but the combined effects of both have not yet been studied. The current study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in the lipid-lowering effects of RSV, alone and in combination with metformin, on the hepatic steatosis model of HepG2 cells and elucidate the mechanism of action. Triglyceride measurement and real-time PCR showed that RSV-metformin reduced lipid accumulation and the expression of lipogenic genes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Additionally, the LDH release assay indicated that this combination protected HepG2 cells against PA-induced cell death through autophagy. The western blotting analysis revealed that RSV-metformin induced autophagy by reducing the expression of p62 and increasing LC3-I and LC3-II proteins. This combination also enhanced cAMP, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and Beclin-1 levels in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 inhibitor treatment inhibited autophagy induced by RSV-metformin, which indicated the autophagy induction is SIRT1-dependent. This study demonstrated for the first time that RSV-metformin reduced hepatic steatosis by triggering autophagy via the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ciccarelli G, Di Giuseppe G, Cinti F, Moffa S, Mezza T, Giaccari A. Why do some glucose-lowering agents improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whereas others do not? A narrative review in search of a unifying hypothesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3668. [PMID: 37309298 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms. Since insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic alterations are common to both conditions, almost all glucose-lowering agents which improve IR have also been studied in patients with NAFLD. Some have shown great efficacy, others none. Thus, the mechanisms behind the efficacy of these drugs in improving hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and eventually fibrosis remain controversial. Glycaemic control improves T2D, but probably has limited effects on NAFLD, as all glucose-lowering agents ameliorate glucose control but only a few improve NAFLD features. In contrast, drugs that either improve adipose tissue function, reduce lipid ingestion, or increase lipid oxidation are particularly effective in NAFLD. We therefore hypothesise that improved free fatty acid metabolism may be the unifying mechanism behind the efficacy of some glucose-lowering agents on NAFLD and may represent the key to NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Ciccarelli
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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15
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Bruno E, Mulè A, Galasso L, Castelli L, Baldassari I, Oliverio A, Venturelli E, Berrino F, Montaruli A, Roveda E, Pasanisi P. Sleep behavior and daily activity levels in people with metabolic syndrome: effect of 1 year of metformin treatment. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1240762. [PMID: 37829735 PMCID: PMC10565813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1240762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired sleep and low daily activity levels increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Metformin (MET), an insulin sensitizer drug, is effective in regressing MS and has been recently studied as an adjuvant agent for managing sleep disorders. The present study aimed to assess whether 1,700 mg/day of MET treatment modifies sleep and daily activity levels in people with MS evaluated by Rest-Activity circadian Rhythm (RAR), which is the expression of 24 h of spontaneous activity parameters. A total of 133 subjects with MS, randomized into the MET (n = 65) or placebo (PLA, n = 68) group, underwent a clinical/anthropometric examination and carried out a continuous 7-day actigraphic monitoring to investigate sleep and RAR parameters at baseline and after 1 year of intervention. After 1 year of intervention, 105 subjects were analyzed. The MET group showed greater anthropometric and metabolic improvements compared with placebo, with a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.01), body mass index (p = 0.01), waist circumference (p = 0.03), and glucose (p < 0.001). With regard to sleep parameters, the MET group showed a significant increase in actual sleep time (p = 0.01) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.04) compared with placebo. There were no significant changes reported in the RAR parameters. Our study suggests that MET might be used as an adjuvant treatment for sleep disorders in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, S.C. Epidemiology and Prevention, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Berrino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Zhang T, Nie Y, Wang J. The emerging significance of mitochondrial targeted strategies in NAFLD treatment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121943. [PMID: 37454757 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which ultimately progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Individuals with NAFLD have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancers. Despite the great progress being made in understanding the pathogenesis and the introduction of new pharmacological targets for NAFLD, no drug or intervention has been accepted for its management. Recent evidence suggests that NAFLD may be a mitochondrial disease, as mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathological processes that lead to NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD progression. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted compounds (e.g., Mito-Q, MitoVit-E, MitoTEMPO, SS-31, mitochondrial uncouplers, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors) for treating NAFLD. Furthermore, we present some medications currently being tested in clinical trials for NAFLD treatment, such as exercise, mesenchymal stem cells, bile acids and their analogs, and antidiabetic drugs, with a focus on their efficacy in improving mitochondrial function. Based on this evidence, further investigations into the development of mitochondria-based agents may provide new and promising alternatives for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingli Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Chen D, Xiong J, Chen G, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Xu H. Comparing the Influences of Metformin and Berberine on the Intestinal Microbiota of Rats With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. In Vivo 2023; 37:2105-2127. [PMID: 37652508 PMCID: PMC10500488 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High-fat diets induce shifts in the gut microbial community structure in patients or animals with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of metformin (MET) and berberine (BER) on the intestinal microbiota of rats with NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. Model rats were fed high-fat diets to create NASH models. MET or BER rats were administrated MET or BER, respectively, at the onset of induction of NASH. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides were examined. Plasma endotoxin levels were measured using the turbidimetric endotoxin assay. The incidence of bacterial translocation describes the passage of bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract through the intestinal mucosa barrier to mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs. Hematoxylin and eosin and oil red O staining were used for histopathological analysis. High throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out for analyzing the composition of intestinal microbiota. RESULTS High-fat diets caused NASH after 16-week induction. Administration of MET and BER ameliorated NASH by attenuating hepatic steatosis and inflammation and decreasing the plasma levels of endotoxin. MET and BER restored the composition of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by NASH. Both MET and BER altered the abundance of Atopobiaceae, Brevibacterium, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriales, Papillibacter, Pygmaiobacter, and Rikenellaceae RC9 in rats with NASH. The screened intestinal microbiota may be responsible for the improvement in fat accumulation and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION MET and BER demonstrated beneficial effects on the intestinal microbiota, which was disturbed in NASH. This finding may explain the functional mechanism of MET and BER in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P.R. China;
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18
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Grywińska WB, Głowacka A. Combining samidorphan with olanzapine to mitigate weight gain as a side effect in schizophrenia treatment. Postep Psychiatr Neurol 2023; 32:128-137. [PMID: 38034507 PMCID: PMC10683053 DOI: 10.5114/ppn.2023.132493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This article analyzes clinical trials that provide evidence for the positive effects of using samidorphan to mitigate undesirable weight gain in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who are undergoing treatment with olanzapine. Views Weight gain is a prevalent and problematic side effect of antipsychotic drug therapy, particularly in patients with schizophrenia. To address this issue, extensive research is being conducted to explore new drug therapies that can effectively counteract psychotic symptoms while minimizing the occurrence of unwanted side effects. One promising approach involves the addition of weight-loss substances to existing medications. Studies have indicated that opioid receptor antagonists, such as samidorphan, have the potential to facilitate weight loss. Consequently, a novel therapy combining samidorphan and olanzapine has been developed and is discussed in detail in this article. Conclusions The combination of samidorphan and olanzapine has demonstrated its ability to effectively reduce weight gain in patients with schizophrenia, without compromising the drug's primary function of alleviating psychotic symptoms. Moreover, the inclusion of samidorphan in the treatment regimen may contribute to a lower risk of cardiovascular events, though it is worth noting that it could also lead to an increase in digestive side effects. Despite this potential drawback, the introduction of this innovative therapy represents a significant advancement in the management of obesity among individuals with schizophrenia.
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Kostel Bal S, Giuliani S, Block J, Repiscak P, Hafemeister C, Shahin T, Kasap N, Ransmayr B, Miao Y, van de Wetering C, Frohne A, Jimenez Heredia R, Schuster M, Zoghi S, Hertlein V, Thian M, Bykov A, Babayeva R, Bilgic Eltan S, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Shaw LE, Chowdhury I, Varjosalo M, Argüello RJ, Farlik M, Ozen A, Serfling E, Dupré L, Bock C, Halbritter F, Hannich JT, Castanon I, Kraakman MJ, Baris S, Boztug K. Biallelic NFATC1 mutations cause an inborn error of immunity with impaired CD8+ T-cell function and perturbed glycolysis. Blood 2023; 142:827-845. [PMID: 37249233 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors plays central roles in adaptive immunity in murine models; however, their contribution to human immune homeostasis remains poorly defined. In a multigenerational pedigree, we identified 3 patients who carry germ line biallelic missense variants in NFATC1, presenting with recurrent infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and decreased antibody responses. The compound heterozygous NFATC1 variants identified in these patients caused decreased stability and reduced the binding of DNA and interacting proteins. We observed defects in early activation and proliferation of T and B cells from these patients, amenable to rescue upon genetic reconstitution. Stimulation induced early T-cell activation and proliferation responses were delayed but not lost, reaching that of healthy controls at day 7, indicative of an adaptive capacity of the cells. Assessment of the metabolic capacity of patient T cells revealed that NFATc1 dysfunction rendered T cells unable to engage in glycolysis after stimulation, although oxidative metabolic processes were intact. We hypothesized that NFATc1-mutant T cells could compensate for the energy deficit due to defective glycolysis by using enhanced lipid metabolism as an adaptation, leading to a delayed, but not lost, activation responses. Indeed, we observed increased 13C-labeled palmitate incorporation into citrate, indicating higher fatty acid oxidation, and we demonstrated that metformin and rosiglitazone improved patient T-cell effector functions. Collectively, enabled by our molecular dissection of the consequences of loss-of-function NFATC1 mutations and extending the role of NFATc1 in human immunity beyond receptor signaling, we provide evidence of metabolic plasticity in the context of impaired glycolysis observed in patient T cells, alleviating delayed effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Kostel Bal
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Giuliani
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Block
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Repiscak
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tala Shahin
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nurhan Kasap
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernhard Ransmayr
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yirun Miao
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Frohne
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raul Jimenez Heredia
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samaneh Zoghi
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Hertlein
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marini Thian
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandr Bykov
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Christoph Bock
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J Thomas Hannich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irinka Castanon
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Safa Baris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Melnyk S, Hakkak R. Effect of Metformin Treatment on Serum Metabolic Profile Changes in Lean and Obese Zucker Rat Model for Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1234. [PMID: 37627299 PMCID: PMC10452862 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive weight and obesity are the leading risk factors for the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes. Metformin is capable of significantly improving coexisting complications of diabetes. We used a metabolomics approach to examine the effects of metformin administration on lean and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. After 1 week of acclimation, twenty-eight 5-week-old female lean and obese rats were randomly assigned to and maintained in the following four groups (seven rats/group) for 10 weeks: (1) lean control (LC); (2) obese control (OC); (3) lean metformin (LM); and (4) obese metformin (OM). At the end of 10 weeks, serum was collected and analyzed using HPLC with electrochemical detection, HPLC with UV detection, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We selected 50 metabolites' peaks that were shared by all four groups of rats. Peak heights, as a defining factor, generally decreased in metformin-treated lean rats vs. untreated lean controls (3 LM:16 LC). Peak heights generally increased in metformin-treated obese rats vs. untreated obese controls (14 OM:5 OC). Overall, individual peaks were distributed as 11 that represented only lean rats, 11 that represented only obese rats, and 8 that were common among both lean and obese rats. In future studies, we will use a targeted metabolomics approach to identify those metabolites, map them to biochemical pathways and create a list of biomarkers. In summary, the current study contributed to a better understanding of the basic metabolic changes of lean and obese rats and demonstrated that both obesity and metformin make a significant impact on the metabolome of Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Melnyk
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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21
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Hu M, Chen Y, Ma T, Jing L. Repurposing Metformin in hematologic tumor: State of art. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100972. [PMID: 37364455 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2023.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is an ancient drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and many studies now suggested that metformin can be used as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of many types of tumors. The mechanism of action of metformin for tumor treatment mainly involves: 1. activation of AMPK signaling pathway 2. inhibition of DNA damage repair in tumor cells 3. downregulation of IGF-1 expression 4. inhibition of chemoresistance and enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity in tumor cells 5. enhancement of antitumor immunity 6. inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Metformin also plays an important role in the treatment of hematologic tumors, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM). The combination of metformin and chemotherapy enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy, and metformin reduces the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM. The purpose of this review is to summarize the anticancer mechanism of metformin and the role and mechanism of action of metformin in hematologic tumors. We mainly summarize the studies related to metformin in hematologic tumors, including cellular experiments and animal experiments, as well as controlled clinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, we also focus on the possible side effects of metformin. Although a large number of preclinical and clinical studies have been performed and the role of metformin in preventing the progression of MGUS to MM has been demonstrated, metformin has not been approved for the treatment of hematologic tumors, which is related to the adverse effects of its high-dose application. Low-dose metformin reduces adverse effects and has been shown to alter the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor immune response, which is one of the main directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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22
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Linko V, Keller A. Stability of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Physiological Media: The Role of Molecular Interactions. Small 2023; 19:e2301935. [PMID: 37093216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Programmable, custom-shaped, and nanometer-precise DNA origami nanostructures have rapidly emerged as prospective and versatile tools in bionanotechnology and biomedicine. Despite tremendous progress in their utilization in these fields, essential questions related to their structural stability under physiological conditions remain unanswered. Here, DNA origami stability is explored by strictly focusing on distinct molecular-level interactions. In this regard, the fundamental stabilizing and destabilizing ionic interactions as well as interactions involving various enzymes and other proteins are discussed, and their role in maintaining, modulating, or decreasing the structural integrity and colloidal stability of DNA origami nanostructures is summarized. Additionally, specific issues demanding further investigation are identified. This review - through its specific viewpoint - may serve as a primer for designing new, stable DNA objects and for adapting their use in applications dealing with physiological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Linko
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16100, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Adrian Keller
- Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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23
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Goodarzi G, Tehrani SS, Fana SE, Moradi-Sardareh H, Panahi G, Maniati M, Meshkani R. Crosstalk between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a focus on anti-diabetic drugs. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1769-1800. [PMID: 37335453 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most common age-related diseases. There is accumulating evidence of an overlap in the pathophysiological mechanisms of these two diseases. Studies have demonstrated insulin pathway alternation may interact with amyloid-β protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, two essential factors in AD. So attention to the use of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment has increased in recent years. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have evaluated possible neuroprotective effects of anti-diabetic different medicines in AD, with some promising results. Here we review the evidence on the therapeutic potential of insulin, metformin, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1R), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) Inhibitors, Sulfonylureas, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and Amylin analog against AD. Given that many questions remain unanswered, further studies are required to confirm the positive effects of anti-diabetic drugs in AD treatment. So to date, no particular anti-diabetic drugs can be recommended to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi Fana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Yang K, Lu HH, Zhao W, Zhao Q. Efficacy and safety of metformin in combination with chemotherapy in cancer patients without diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1176885. [PMID: 37546417 PMCID: PMC10402741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1176885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The results of a meta-analysis of retrospective studies suggest that the use of metformin in cancer patients may prolong progression-free disease survival and overall survival. However, the studies included in the meta-analysis did not strictly distinguish between patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess whether the use of adjuvant chemotherapy with metformin in cancer patients without diabetes improves prognosis. Method Systematic searches of Embase, Pubmed, and The Cochrane library were performed for the subject terms metformin and neoplasm and for free words. Data related to PFS, OS were extracted according to inclusion exclusion criteria. The data were combined and meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 to confirm the efficacy and safety of metformin administration. Results There were 3228 publications retrieved from the database and a total of 13 publications with 955 patients were included in the meta-analysis after screening. All included studies were randomised controlled trials. Metformin combined with adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve progression-free survival (HR=1,95CI 0.79-1.25), overall survival (HR=0.91,95% CI 0.69-1.20) and did not improve objective disease response rates in patients. There was no significant difference in grade 3-4 adverse reactions compared to placebo. Conclusion In this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial studies, we found that chemotherapy in combination with metformin in cancer patients without diabetes did not prolong progression-free survival and overall survival and improved disease control in patients, although there was no significant difference in terms of safety. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed in the future to confirm the in vivo anti-tumour activity and survival benefit of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-hao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of PLA, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Yong SJ, Halim A, Halim M, Ming LC, Goh KW, Alfaresi M, AlShehail BM, Al Fares MA, Alissa M, Sulaiman T, Alsalem Z, Alwashmi ASS, Khamis F, Al Kaabi NA, Albayat H, Alsheheri A, Garout M, Alsalman J, Alfaraj AH, Alhajri M, Dhama K, Alburaiky LM, Alsanad AH, AlShurbaji AT, Rabaan AA. Experimental drugs in randomized controlled trials for long-COVID: what's in the pipeline? A systematic and critical review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:655-667. [PMID: 37534972 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over three years have passed since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yet the treatment for long-COVID, a post-COVID-19 syndrome, remains long overdue. Currently, there is no standardized treatment available for long-COVID, primarily due to the lack of funding for post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS). Nevertheless, the past few years have seen a renewed interest in long-COVID research, with billions of dollars allocated for this purpose. As a result, multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been funded in the quest to find an effective treatment for long-COVID. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identified and evaluated the potential of current drug treatments for long-COVID, examining both completed and ongoing RCTs. EXPERT OPINION We identified four completed and 22 ongoing RCTs, investigating 22 unique drugs. However, most drugs were deemed to not have high potential for treating long-COVID, according to three pre-specified domains, a testament to the ordeal of treating long-COVID. Given that long-COVID is highly multifaceted with several proposed subtypes, treatments likely need to be tailored accordingly. Currently, rintatolimod appears to have modest to high potential for treating the myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) subtype, LTY-100 and Treamid for pulmonary fibrosis subtype, and metformin for general long-COVID prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alice Halim
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Halim
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alsalem
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsheheri
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela Alsalman
- Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amal H Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alhajri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Lamees M Alburaiky
- Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H Alsanad
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Krysiak R, Basiak M, Machnik G, Okopień B. Impaired Gonadotropin-Lowering Effects of Metformin in Postmenopausal Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:922. [PMID: 37513834 PMCID: PMC10383171 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been found to reduce elevated gonadotropin levels. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common thyroid disorder in iodine-sufficient areas, and it often develops in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether autoimmune thyroiditis determines the impact of metformin on gonadotrope secretory function. Two matched groups of postmenopausal women were studied: 35 with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (group A) and 35 without thyroid disorders (group B). Throughout the study, all participants received oral metformin (2.55-3 g daily). Plasma glucose, insulin, gonadotropins, estradiol, progesterone, thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, hsCRP, thyroid peroxidase, and thyroglobulin antibody titers were measured at the beginning of the study and six months later. At entry, both groups differed in thyroid peroxidase antibody titers, thyroglobulin antibody titers, and hsCRP levels. In group A, baseline antibody titers correlated positively with hsCRP and negatively with insulin sensitivity. Although metformin improved glucose homeostasis and reduced hsCRP levels in both study groups, these effects were more pronounced in group B than in group A. Only in group B did metformin decrease FSH levels and tend to reduce LH levels. Thyroid antibody titers and the levels of the remaining hormones did not change throughout the study. The impact of metformin on gonadotropin levels correlated with their baseline values and the degree of improvement in insulin sensitivity, as well as with the baseline and treatment-induced reduction in hsCRP. Moreover, the impact on gonadotropins and insulin sensitivity in group A depended on baseline antibody titers. The obtained results indicate that coexisting autoimmune thyroiditis impairs the gonadotropin-lowering effects of metformin in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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27
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Moezzi SMI, Javadi P, Mozafari N, Ashrafi H, Azadi A. Metformin-loaded nanoerythrosomes: An erythrocyte-based drug delivery system as a therapeutic tool for glioma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17082. [PMID: 37484272 PMCID: PMC10361227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is an intra-cranial malignancy with the origin of neural stem cells or precursor cells, the most prevalent brain tumor worldwide. Glioblastoma, the fourth-grade glioma, is a common brain tumor whose incidence rate is 5-7 people per 100,000 populations annually. Despite their high mortality rate, all efforts for treatment have yet to achieve any desirable clinical outcome. The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway among species that seems to be a candidate for cancer therapy by its inhibition. Metformin is a known inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Its effects on glioma treatment have been observed in cellular, animal, and clinical experiments. Nanoerythrosomes are drug carriers obtained from the cellular membrane of red blood cells in nano size which can offer several characteristics to deliver metformin to brain tumors. They are good at loading and carrying hydrophilic drugs, they can protect metformin from its metabolizing enzymes, which are present in the blood-brain barrier, and they can extend the period of metformin presence in circulation. In this study, nanoerythrosomes were prepared by using the hypotonic buffer. They had particle sizes in the range of 97.1 ± 34.2 nm, and their loading efficiency and loading capacity were 72.6% and 1.66%, respectively. Nanoerythrosomes could reserve metformin in their structure for a long time, and only 50% of metformin was released after 30 h. Moreover, they released metformin at a low and approximately constant rate. Besides, nanoerythrosomes could tolerate various kinds of stress and maintain most of the drug in their structure. Altogether, nanoerythrosome can be a suitable drug delivery system to deliver therapeutic amounts of metformin to various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Javadi
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Novel Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Mozafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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28
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Setayesh L, Pourreza S, Zeinali Khosroshahi M, Asbaghi O, Bagheri R, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Wong A, Clark CCT, Larky DA, Suzuki K, Ghanavati M. The effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-regression and dose-response meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1703-1713. [PMID: 35837742 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analytic work indicated that guar gum supplementation might improve lipid profile markers in different populations. However, critical methodological limitations such as the use of some unreliable data and the lack of inclusion of several relevant studies, and the scarcity in assessments of regression and dose-specific effects make it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from the meta-analysis. Therefore, current evidence regarding the effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile remains unclear. The present systematic review, meta-regression and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), LDL, TAG and HDL) in adults. Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to September 2021). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95 % CI were estimated via a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were reported using standard methods. Pooled analysis of nineteen randomised controlled trials (RCT) revealed that guar gum supplementation led to significant reductions in TC (WMD: -19·34 mg/dl, 95 % CI -26·18, -12·49, P < 0·001) and LDL (WMD: -16·19 mg/dl, 95 % CI -25·54, -6·83, P = 0·001). However, there was no effect on TAG and HDL among adults in comparison with control group. Our outcomes suggest that guar gum supplementation lowers TC and LDL in adults. Future large RCT on various populations are needed to show further beneficial effects of guar gum supplementation on lipid profile and establish guidelines for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, CoventryCV1 5FB, UK
| | - Damoon Ashtary Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa359-1192, Japan
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gasser B, Escher G, Calin AE, Deppeler M, Marchon M, Mistry HD, Kurz J, Mohaupt MG. Prior to versus after Metformin Treatment-Effects on Steroid Enzymatic Activities. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051094. [PMID: 37240739 DOI: 10.3390/life13051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently reported that metformin administration has substantial effects on steroid hormone concentrations. In this study, we specifically explored which enzymatic activities were affected before a first treatment versus after a time of metformin treatment. Material and Methods: Twelve male subjects (54.2 ± 9.1 years, 177.3 ± 4.1 cm, 80 ± 10.4 kg) and seven female subjects (57.2 ± 18.9 years, 162.7 ± 4.1 cm, 76.1 ± 10.4 kg) were recruited based on an indication of metformin. Prior to the first intake of metformin and after 24 h, urine collections were performed. Urine steroid analysis was completed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The average reduction in steroid hormone concentrations after the metformin treatment was substantial and relatively equally distributed in all metabolites and the sum of all metabolites with 35.4%. An exception was dehydroepiandrosterone, with a decrease of almost three hundred percent of average concentration. In addition, the sum of all cortisol metabolites and 18-OH cortisol (indicative of oxidative stress) were lower after the metformin treatment. Furthermore, significant inhibition of 3ß-HSD activity was detectable. Discussion: Effects prior to and after the metformin treatment on inhibiting 3ß-HSD activity were detected in line with findings from others. Furthermore, the pattern of a reduction, for example, in the sum of all glucocorticoids following the metformin treatment supported an effect on oxidative stress, which was further supported by the reduction in 18-OH cortisol. Nevertheless, we do not understand all steps in the complex pattern of the enzymes that affect steroid hormone metabolism and, consequently, further studies are necessary to improve our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gasser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Escher
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Bern, 3006 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anca-Elena Calin
- Lindenhofgruppe, Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, 3006 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Deppeler
- Lindenhofgruppe, Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, 3006 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Marchon
- Lindenhofgruppe, Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, 3006 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Hiten D Mistry
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Science, Kings College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Johann Kurz
- Lindenhofgruppe, Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, 3006 Berne, Switzerland
- Interscience Research Collaboration, 8430 Leibnitz, Austria
| | - Markus G Mohaupt
- Department of Biomedical Research, University Bern, 3006 Bern, Switzerland
- Lindenhofgruppe, Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, 3006 Berne, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-2006
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31
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Caturano A, Galiero R, Loffredo G, Vetrano E, Medicamento G, Acierno C, Rinaldi L, Marrone A, Salvatore T, Monda M, Sardu C, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Effects of a Combination of Empagliflozin Plus Metformin vs. Metformin Monotherapy on NAFLD Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: The IMAGIN Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020322. [PMID: 36830859 PMCID: PMC9952909 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a heterogeneous group of metabolic liver diseases and is characterized by the presence of steatosis in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of the combination therapy of empagliflozin + metformin vs. metformin monotherapy on NAFLD progression in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Sixty-three metformin-treated T2DM patients who were SGLT2i-naïve and had an ultrasound diagnosis of NAFLD (aged 60.95 ± 11.14 years; males, 57.1%) were included in the present analysis. Thirty-three started the combination therapy. All patients were observed for 6 months and routinely monitored with anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and FibroScan®/CAP. At the 6-month follow-up, the combination therapy group presented a significant reduction in BMI (30.83 ± 3.5 vs. 28.48 ± 3.25), glycated hemoglobin (8.2 (7.4-8.8)) vs. 7.2 (6.8-7.9), ALT (68.5 (41.5-88.0) vs. 45.00 (38.00, 48.00)), CAP parameter (293.5 (270.0-319.25) vs. 267.00 (259.50, 283.75)) and steatosis degree (p = 0.001) in comparison with the control group, whose parameters remained almost stable over time. In patients affected by T2DM, the combination of empagliflozin + metformin vs. metformin monotherapy ameliorated liver steatosis, ALT levels, body weight, and glycated hemoglobin after a 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loffredo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Medicamento
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Acierno
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(08)-15665010
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Protasoni M, Serrano M. Targeting Mitochondria to Control Ageing and Senescence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020352. [PMID: 36839673 PMCID: PMC9960816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a progressive impairment of cellular function and a systemic deterioration of tissues and organs, resulting in increased vulnerability to multiple diseases. Here, we review the interplay between two hallmarks of ageing, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. The targeting of specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells has the potential of delaying or even reverting the ageing process. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial biology in senescent cells is necessary to effectively face this challenge. Here, we discuss the main alterations in mitochondrial functions and structure in both ageing and cellular senescence, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two processes. Moreover, we describe the treatments available to target these pathways and speculate on possible future directions of anti-ageing and anti-senescence therapies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Protasoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
- Correspondence:
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Afshari H, Noori S, Zarghi A. Hepatic Steatosis Alleviated by a Novel Metformin and Quercetin Combination Activating Autophagy Through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway. Iran J Pharm Res 2023; 22:e136952. [PMID: 38116565 PMCID: PMC10728872 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing globally. The combined effects of metformin and quercetin (Que) have yet to be investigated. However, both have demonstrated the potential to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels and treat NAFLD by promoting autophagy. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of action and assess the role of autophagy in the lipid-lowering effects of Que, both individually and in combination with metformin, in a HepG2 cell model of hepatic steatosis. Triglyceride levels and lipogenic gene expression were reduced in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) when treated with Que-metformin, as evidenced by triglyceride measurements and real-time PCR. The LDH release assay also showed that this combination induced autophagy to protect HepG2 cells from PA-induced cell death. According to the Western blot analysis outcomes, Que-metformin increased LC3-I and LC3-II protein levels while decreasing p62 expression to induce autophagy. In HepG2 cells, the co-administration of Que-metformin elevated cAMP, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and Beclin-1 levels. Additionally, the inhibition of SIRT1 reversed the autophagy induced by Que-metformin. The findings of this study demonstrated for the first time that Que-metformin reduced hepatosteatosis by stimulating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway and diminishing inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Afshari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu F, Chen S, Li X, Li S, Xiao Y, Han J, Tu Y, Bao Y, Bai W, Yu H. Obesity-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Is Partly Mediated by Visceral Fat Accumulation in Subjects with Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obes Facts 2023; 16:164-172. [PMID: 36257286 PMCID: PMC10028367 DOI: 10.1159/000527595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We explored whether visceral fat accumulation mediates the development of hepatic steatosis in individuals living with overweight and obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 769 outpatients with overweight and obesity aged 18-65 years. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to quantify the degree of hepatic steatosis. Visceral fat accumulation, represented by the visceral fat area (VFA), was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The associations of body mass index (BMI), VFA, and CAP with each other were assessed by univariate analysis, multivariate linear regression, and mediation analysis, respectively. RESULTS Compared with women, male subjects had higher BMI, VFA, and CAP levels. In both sex, CAP was positively correlated with BMI and VFA by the univariate analysis. After adjusting for demographic and serum characteristics, the linear correlation coefficients between BMI and CAP were 1.738 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.100, 2.377), 1.524 (95% CI: 0.798, 2.249), and 2.650 (95% CI: 1.292, 4.009) in all subjects, females, and males, respectively, while those between VFA and CAP were 0.190 (95% CI: 0.133, 0.247), 0.184 (95% CI: 0.117, 0.252), and 0.194 (95% CI: 0.086, 0.301). Mediation analysis showed that visceral fat accumulation contributed to 51.37%, 53.85%, and 26.51% of obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in the total, female, and male subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION Visceral fat accumulation partially mediates obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in individuals with overweight and obesity, especially in women. More focus on visceral fat reduction is needed in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinfang Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Wenkun Bai,
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
- **Haoyong Yu,
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Radmehr V, Mojadami S, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA. Protective effects of crocin and gallic acid on the liver damage induced by methylglyoxal in male mice: role of inflammatory factors. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2023; 16:499-508. [PMID: 37070111 PMCID: PMC10105510 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v16i1.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate whether biochemical alterations caused by methylglyoxal (MG), improves by the administration of gallic acid (GA), crocin (Cr), and metformin (MT) in the liver. Background MG is produced naturally through various physiological processes, but high levels of MG cause inflammation in hepatocytes. Normal liver function is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Gallic acid and crocin can reduce inflammation. Methods This experiment was done in 5 weeks. 50 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): 1) Control, 2) MG (600 mg/Kg/d, p.o.), 3) MG+GA (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), 4) MG+Cr (60 mg/kg/day, p.o.), 5) MG+MT (150 mg/kg/day, p.o.). After one week of habituation, MG was administered for four weeks. Gallic acid, crocin, and metformin were administered in the last two weeks. Biochemical and histologic evaluations were assessed after plasma collection and tissue sample preparation. Results Gallic acid and crocin-received groups significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and elevated insulin sensitivity. Administration of MG exerted a marked increase in the levels of hepatic enzymes. Treatment with gallic acid, crocin, and metformin significantly decreased them. The altered levels of inflammatory factors in the diabetic group were significantly improved in the diabetic-treated groups. High levels of steatosis and red blood cells (RBCs) accumulation in the MG group markedly recovered in other treated mice. Conclusion Harmful effects of accumulated MG in the liver of diabetic mice were effectively attenuated by using gallic acid and crocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Radmehr
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Mojadami
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Adalikwu SA, Louis H, Iloanya AC, Edet HO, Akem MU, Eno EA, Manicum ALE. B- and Al-Doped Porous 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nanocarriers for Biguanides and Metformin Drugs. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:5887-5900. [PMID: 36413624 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructures such as nanosheets, nanotubes, nanocages, and fullerenes have been extensively studied as potential candidates in various fields since the advancement of nanoscience. Herein, the interaction between biguanides (BGN) and metformin (MET) on the modified covalent organic framework (COF), COF-B, and COF-Al was investigated using density functional theory at the ωB97XD/6-311+G (d, p) level of computation to explore a new drug delivery system. The electronic properties evaluation reveals that the studied surfaces are suited for the delivery of both drug molecules. The calculated adsorption energies and basis set superposition errors (BSSE) ranged between -21.20 and -65.86 kJ/mol. The negative values obtained are an indication of excellent interaction between the drug molecules and the COF surfaces. Moreover, BGN is better adsorbed on COF-B with Eads of -65.86 kJ/mol, while MET is better adsorbed on COF-Al with Eads = -47.30 kJ/mol. The analysis of the quantum theory of atom in molecules (QTAIM) explained the nature and strength of intermolecular interaction existing between the drug molecules BGN and MET with the adsorbing surfaces. The analysis of noncovalent interaction (NCI) shows a weak hydrogen-bond interaction. Other properties such as quantum chemical descriptors and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis also agree with the potential of COF surfaces as drug delivery systems. The electron localization function (ELF) is discussed, and it confirms the transitions occurring in the NBO analysis of the complexes. In conclusion, COF-B and COF-Al are suitable candidates for the effective delivery of BGN and MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Adalikwu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria
| | - Anthony C Iloanya
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Henry O Edet
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria
| | - Martilda U Akem
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria
| | - Ededet A Eno
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, P.M.B1115, Nigeria
| | - Amanda-Lee E Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria0183, South Africa
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Silva D, Rocha R, Correia AS, Mota B, Madeira MD, Vale N, Cardoso A. Repurposed Edaravone, Metformin, and Perampanel as a Potential Treatment for Hypoxia-Ischemia Encephalopathy: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy results from the interruption of oxygen delivery and blood flow to the brain. In the developing brain, it can lead to a brain injury, which is associated with high mortality rates and comorbidities. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions that may be affected by hypoxia-ischemia with consequences on cognition. Unfortunately, clinically approved therapeutics are still scarce and limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to test three repurposed drugs with good pharmacological properties to evaluate if they can revert, or at least attenuate, the deleterious effects of hypoxia-ischemia in an in vitro model. Edaravone, perampanel, and metformin are used for the treatment of stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, some forms of epileptic status, and diabetes type 2, respectively. Through cell viability assays, morphology analysis, and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in two different cell lines (HT-22 and SH-SY5Y), we found that edaravone and low concentrations of perampanel are able to attenuate cell damage induced by hypoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Metformin did not attenuate hypoxic-induced events, at least in the initial phase. Among these repurposed drugs, edaravone emerged as the most efficient in the attenuation of events induced by hypoxia-ischemia, and the safest, since it did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity, even in high concentrations, and induced a decrease in ROS. Our results also reinforce the view that ROS and overexcitation play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxia-ischemia brain injury.
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Petunina NA, Telnova ME, Goncharova EV, Martirosian NS, Kuzina IA. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: general approaches to the choice of therapy. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:1155-1162. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing interest in one of the most common diseases in hepatology non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that approximately 75% of cases of NAFLD occur against the background of obesity, dyslipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At the present stage, a persistent pathophysiological interaction between NAFLD and T2DM has been demonstrated. Insulin resistance is one of the main pathogenetic causes of the development of T2DM and NAFLD. At the same time, it is necessary to highlight the role of the intestinal microbiota and epigenome in the manifestation and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, treatment approaches should be comprehensive. Diet therapy should be aimed at calorie restriction. However, in real clinical practice, phisicians face a low commitment to appropriate and long-term dietary recommendations necessary for weight loss. At the same time, use of dietary fibers, which are part of the preparation Mucofalk, helps to slow down the passage of food through the digestive tract, increase the saturation period. Use of a low-calorie diet with a significant fat restriction may increase the risk of gallstones. Ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (Ursofalk) can be recommended for the prevention of cholelithiasis. Considering the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, it is necessary to correct dysbiotic changes as well as basic pharmacotherapy. Thus, a comprehensive approach to the management of patients with NAFLD and T2DM should be aimed not only at therapy, but also at the prevention of associated metabolic disorders.
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Lan WH, Lin TY, Yeh JA, Feng CL, Hsu JT, Lin HJ, Kuo CJ, Lai CH. Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214163. [PMID: 36430639 PMCID: PMC9695469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). Metformin, which is conventionally used to treat type 2 diabetes, induces AMP-activated protein kinase signaling and suppresses gluconeogenesis. Recent studies have reported that metformin is associated with beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment owing to its anti-tumor effects. This makes metformin a potential medication for GC therapy. However, contradicting reports have emerged regarding the efficacy of metformin in reducing the risk of GC. This review summarizes the impact of metformin on mitigating GC risk by analyzing clinical databases. The mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of metformin on GC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsi Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ai Yeh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 30272, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei 23562, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.K.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.K.); (C.-H.L.)
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Lou K, Sun P, Zhang C, Jiang Q, Pang S. X-box binding protein 1: A new metabolic mediator and drug target of metformin? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013218. [PMID: 36438823 PMCID: PMC9691898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that metformin improved hypertriglyceridemia. The present study aim to investigate the molecular mechanism by which metformin improves hypertriglyceridemia via regulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the liver and whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat diet with metformin for 5 weeks to evaluate the effect of metformin on triglyceride (TG) levels and expression of DGAT2 and XBP1 in the liver. In vitro HepG2 cells or XBP1 knockout AML12 hepatocytes were stimulated with metformin, palmitic acid or small interfering RNA inducing XBP1 knockdown, or dominant-negative mutant AMPK plasmid. Metformin treatment reduced hepatic TG levels in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic XBP1 protein and its downstream target gene DGAT2 decreased in the liver of HFD-fed mice and HepG2 cells after metformin treatment. AMPK inactivation or overexpression of XBP1 attenuates this effect. Our preliminary results demonstrate that metformin activates AMPK to reduce TG synthesis by inhibiting the XBP1-mediated DGAT2 pathway, at least in part, suggesting that XBP1 is a new metabolic mediator for metformin treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Pang,
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Sós L, Garabuczi É, Sághy T, Mocsár G, Szondy Z. Palmitate Inhibits Mouse Macrophage Efferocytosis by Activating an mTORC1-Regulated Rho Kinase 1 Pathway: Therapeutic Implications for the Treatment of Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:3502. [PMID: 36359898 PMCID: PMC9657837 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, billions of our cells die and get cleared without inducing inflammation. When, clearance is improper, uncleared cells undergo secondary necrosis and trigger inflammation. In addition, proper efferocytosis would be required for inducing resolution of inflammation, thus clearance deficiencies in the long term lead to development of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity, itself being a low-grade inflammatory disease, predisposes to a variety of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies indicated that this later might be partially related to an impaired efferocytosis induced by increased uptake of circulating saturated fatty acids by macrophages in obese people. Here, we show that palmitate inhibits efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Palmitate triggers autophagy but also activates an energy-sensing mTORC1/ROCK1 signaling pathway, which interferes with the autophagosome–lysosome fusion, resulting in accumulation of the cellular membranes in autophagosomes. We propose that lack of sufficient plasma membrane supply attenuates efferocytosis of palmitate-exposed macrophages. AMP-activated protein kinase activators lead to mTORC1 inhibition and, consequently, released the palmitate-induced efferocytosis block in macrophages. Thus, they might be useful in the treatment of obesity not only by affecting metabolism thought so far. ROCK1 inhibitors could also be considered.
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Piragine E, Petri D, Giometto S, Martelli A, Lucenteforte E, Calderone V. Potential effects of Alliaceae and Brassicaceae edible plants on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gasser B, Calin AE, Escher G, Kurz J, Emmenegger A, Buerki S, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Mohaupt M. Light in the Rational Treatment of Autism? Effects of Metformin on Steroid Hormones in a Patient with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111736. [PMID: 36362891 PMCID: PMC9696325 DOI: 10.3390/life12111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin is an effective treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is, to this day, the most prescribed oral antiglycaemic drug. Besides its effects mainly on mitochondrial activity, an off-label use came up as a pharmaceutical for subjects with a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) along with altered steroid hormone homeostasis. Besides these effects, even an influence on mood and social behavior was described, leading to the aim of this case report to elucidate the effects before versus after treatment with metformin on steroid hormones and social behavior. Methods: A female patient with diagnosed PCOS was analyzed three times for steroid hormone levels. The first analysis was performed before treatment; the second, after a period of 71 days with metformin at 2 × 500 mg; and the third, after a total of 144 days with metformin at 2 × 500 mg. Spot urine probes were taken in the morning for a combined gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the steroid levels were adjusted for creatinine excretion. A questionnaire on social behavior (Autism Spectrum Questionnaire) was administered before treatment and after 71 days. Results: A decrease in all the steroid hormones measured was detected after 71 and 144 days of treatment with metformin, being more pronounced after 144 days of treatment and highly significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the untreated state, the class of corticosterone metabolites showed increased values compared to the female reference values for TH-11-DH-corticosterone, TH-corticosterone, and 5a-TH-corticosterone. In the class of estrogen metabolites, increased values compared to the reference values were detected for 17b-estradiol; in the class of 11-deoxycortisol metabolites, an increase in TH-11-deoxycortisol was detected. For the class of cortisol metabolites, increased values compared to the reference values were detected for cortisone, TH-cortisone, a-cortolone, b-cortolone, 20b-dihydrocortisone, cortisol, TH-cortisol, 5a-TH-cortisol, a-cortol, 20b-dihydrocortisol, and 6b-OH-cortisol. No increases in androgen metabolites were detected. Interestingly, weight decreased from 93.4 kg to 91.3 kg after 71 days and fell to 82.7 kg after 144 days of treatment. The skeletal muscle mass was 30.1 kg at the first visit, decreasing to 29.9 kg and to 27.5 kg. No significant difference in the social behavior score from baseline to after 71 days of treatment was detected. Discussion: Metformin improved the steroid hormone profiles from levels above the upper reference values to the middle of the reference values after 71 days and to the lower ends of the reference values after 144 days of treatment. This implies not only that metformin has an effect on steroid hormone levels, but in addition that the efficacy of the pharmaceutical seems to depend on the time interval from intake. To summarize, in this patient, steroid hormones were affected but social behavior was not. If no effect of metformin on social behavior exists, this must be supported by further cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gasser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca-Elena Calin
- Lindenhofgruppe—Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe, CH-3006 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Escher
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Kurz
- Interscience Research Collaboration, 8430 Leibnitz, Austria
| | - Aglaia Emmenegger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Buerki
- Lindenhofgruppe—Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe, CH-3006 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mohaupt
- Lindenhofgruppe—Teaching Hospital of Internal Medicine, Lindenhofgruppe, CH-3006 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients. METHODS The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively. RESULTS The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Yan
- An Shun City People’s Hospital, Anshun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | - E Liang
- AnShun University, Guizhou Anshun, China
| | | | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingxin Mao, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Yuan X, Xiang M, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhu S, Lu J, Tang Q, Cheng S, Yan L. Exercise and Metformin Intervention Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Alleviating Oxidative and ER Stress and Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36120597 PMCID: PMC9481363 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2297268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly coexist and act synergistically to drive adverse clinical outcomes. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exercise intervention and oral hypoglycaemic drug of metformin (MET) alone or combined on hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate if oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are involved in lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice and whether exercise and/or MET alleviated oxidative stress or ERS-apoptosis by AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods Forty db/db mice with diabetes (random blood glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL) were randomly allocated into four groups: control (CON), exercise training alone (EX), metformin treatment alone (MET), and exercise combined with metformin (EM) groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining were carried out to observe hepatic lipid accumulation. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL methods were used to detect the protein expression of the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and the apoptosis level of hepatocytes. ERS-related gene expression and the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway were tested by western blotting. Results Our data showed that db/db mice exhibited increased liver lipid accumulation, which induced oxidative and ER stress of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, and hepatocyte apoptosis. MET combined with exercise training significantly alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing BiP expression, the central regulator of ER homeostasis, and its downstream PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, as well as upregulated the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the combination of exercise and MET displayed protective effects on hepatocyte apoptosis by downregulating Bax expression and TUNEL-positive staining, restoring the balance of cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-3, and improving the antioxidant defense system to prevent oxidative damage in db/db mice. Conclusion Compared to MET or exercise intervention alone, the combined exercise and metformin exhibited significant effect on ameliorating hepatic steatosis, inhibiting oxidative and ER stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via improving the capacity of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway might be a key crosstalk between MET and exercise, which may have additive effects on alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Zhao W, Chen C, Zhou J, Chen X, Cai K, Shen M, Chen X, Jiang L, Wang G. Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes the Anti-Tumor Effect of Metformin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174185. [PMID: 36077722 PMCID: PMC9454503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck. Due to its high malignancy and easy recurrence, the five-year survival rate is only 50–60%. Currently, commonly used chemotherapy drugs for OSCC include cisplatin, paclitaxel, and fluorouracil, which are highly cytotoxic and cause drug resistance in patients. Therefore, a safe and effective treatment strategy for OSCC is urgent. To address this issue, our study investigated the anti-tumor activity of metformin (the first-line diabetes drug) in OSCC. We found that metformin could inhibit OSCC cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle in G1 phase. Additionally, we also found that metformin could induce protective autophagy of OSCC cells. After inhibiting autophagy with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the metformin-induced apoptosis was enhanced. In vitro, metformin inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumor in nude mice and HCQ enhanced this effect of metformin. Therefore, metformin combined with HCQ may become a safe and effective treatment strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Kuan Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Miaomiao Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Hu L, Tang J, Meng Z, Dai L, Gao Y, Ma S, Wang X, Yuan Y, Zhang Q, Cai W, Ruan X, Guo X. ANGPTL8 accelerates liver fibrosis mediated by HFD-induced inflammatory activity via LILRB2/ERK signaling pathways. J Adv Res 2022; 47:41-56. [PMID: 36031141 PMCID: PMC10173191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High calorie intake is known to induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting chronic inflammation. However, the mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES This study examined the roles of ANGPTL8 in the regulation of NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis progression induced by high fat diet (HFD)-mediated inflammation. METHODS The ANGPTL8 concentration was measured in serum samples from liver cancer and liver cirrhosis patients. ANGPTL8 knockout mice were used to induce disease models (HFD, HFHC and CCL4) followed by pathological staining, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Hydrodynamic injection of an adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) was used to establish a model for restoring ANGPTL8 expression specifically in ANGPTL8 KO mice livers. RNA-sequencing, protein array, Co-IP, etc. were used to study ANGPTL8's mechanisms in regulating liver fibrosis progression, and drug screening was used to identify an effective inhibitor of ANGPTL8 expression. RESULTS ANGPTL8 level is associated with liver fibrogenesis in both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Mouse studies demonstrated that ANGPTL8 deficiency suppresses HFD-stimulated inflammatory activity, hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis. The AAV-mediated restoration of liver ANGPTL8 expression indicated that liver-derived ANGPTL8 accelerates HFD-induced liver fibrosis. Liver-derived ANGPTL8, as a proinflammatory factor, activates HSCs (hepatic stellate cells) by interacting with the LILRB2 receptor to induce ERK signaling and increase the expression of genes that promote liver fibrosis. The FDA-approved drug metformin, an ANGPTL8 inhibitor, inhibited HFD-induced liver fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that ANGPTL8 is a proinflammatory factor that accelerates NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis induced by HFD. The serum ANGPTL8 level may be a potential and specific diagnostic marker for liver fibrosis, and targeting ANGPTL8 holds great promise for developing innovative therapies to treat NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongli Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Longjun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yujiu Gao
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shinan Ma
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Institute of Pediatric Disease, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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Francisco V, Sanz MJ, Real JT, Marques P, Capuozzo M, Ait Eldjoudi D, Gualillo O. Adipokines in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are We on the Road toward New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets? Biology 2022; 11:1237. [PMID: 36009862 PMCID: PMC9405285 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an unmet medical need due to its increasingly high incidence, severe clinical consequences, and the absence of feasible diagnostic tools and effective drugs. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical data on adipokines, cytokine-like hormones secreted by adipose tissue, and NAFLD. The aim is to establish the potential of adipokines as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets for NAFLD. The limitations of current research are also discussed, and future perspectives are outlined. Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the major cause of chronic hepatic illness and the leading indication for liver transplantation in the future decades. NAFLD is also commonly associated with other high-incident non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular complications, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Aggravating the socio-economic impact of this complex pathology, routinely feasible diagnostic methodologies and effective drugs for NAFLD management are unavailable. The pathophysiology of NAFLD, recently defined as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is correlated with abnormal adipose tissue–liver axis communication because obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and metabolic dysfunction prompt hepatic insulin resistance (IR), lipid accumulation (steatosis), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis. Accumulating evidence links adipokines, cytokine-like hormones secreted by adipose tissue that have immunometabolic activity, with NAFLD pathogenesis and progression; however, much uncertainty still exists. Here, the current knowledge on the roles of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), visfatin, chemerin, and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP) in NAFLD, taken from preclinical to clinical studies, is overviewed. The effect of therapeutic interventions on adipokines’ circulating levels are also covered. Finally, future directions to address the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers for NAFLD are discussed.
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Szkudelski T, Konieczna K, Szkudelska K. Regulatory Effects of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Biguanide Drug, on the Metabolism of Primary Rat Adipocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165250. [PMID: 36014488 PMCID: PMC9415039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly applied in humans with type 2 diabetes. The drug affects different tissues, including fat tissue. The direct influence of metformin on cells of fat tissue, i.e., adipocytes, is poorly elucidated. In the present study, the short-term (4-h) effects of metformin on lipogenesis, glucose transport, lipolysis, and lactate release in primary rat adipocytes were explored. It was demonstrated that metformin reduced insulin-induced lipogenesis and increased glucose transport into adipocytes. The tested compound also decreased lactate release from fat cells. It was shown that metformin substantially limited lipolysis stimulated by epinephrine (adrenergic receptor agonist) and dibutyryl-cAMP (direct activator of protein kinase A). Moreover, metformin decreased the lipolytic process triggered by DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist). In the case of each lipolytic stimulator, the drug evoked a similar inhibitory effect in the presence of 3 and 12 mM glucose. The lipolytic response of adipocytes to epinephrine was also found to be reduced by metformin when glucose was replaced by alanine. It was demonstrated that the tested compound limits the release of both glycerol and fatty acids from fat cells. The results of the present study provided evidence that metformin significantly affects the metabolism of primary rat adipocytes. Its action covers processes related to lipid accumulation and release and occurs after relatively short-term exposure.
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Wang Y, Xiao H, Liu Y, Tong Q, Yu Y, Qi B, Bu X, Pan T, Xing Y. Effects of Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula on the LPS/TLR4 pathway and gut microbiota in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891297. [PMID: 36017323 PMCID: PMC9396283 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in gynecology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used for the treatment of PCOS in China. The Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula (BSHZF), a TCM decoction, has shown great therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying the BSHZF function in PCOS remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential mechanisms of action of BSHZF in the treatment of PCOS. PCOS-model rats treated with letrozole were administered different doses of BSHZF, metformin, and 1% carboxymethylcellulose. Serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured, and the morphology of the ovaries was observed in each group, including the normal group. The structure and abundance of the gut microbiota in rats were measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-NF-κB p65 levels in the ovarian tissue of the rats were detected using Western blotting. Furthermore, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum of rats were detected by ELISA. The results showed that BSHZF administration was associated with a decrease in body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and testosterone and changes in ovarian morphology in PCOS-model rats. Moreover, BSHZF was associated with an increase in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and increase in Lactobacillus and short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014). Furthermore, BSHZF may promote carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In addition, BSHZF was associated with a decrease in the serum level of LPS and TLR4 expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response in ovarian tissue. Therefore, the beneficial effects of BSHZF on PCOS pathogenesis are associated with its ability to normalize gut microbiota function and inhibit PCOS-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Bu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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