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Pan R, Wang L, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang G, Zhao J, Chen W. Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiome and Colonic Motility in Chronic Constipation: Potential Mechanisms and Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183704. [PMID: 36145079 PMCID: PMC9505360 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is a highly prevalent and burdensome gastrointestinal disorder. Accumulating evidence highlights the link between imbalances in the gut microbiome and constipation. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiome and microbial metabolites affect gut movement remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the alteration in the gut microbiota in patients with CC and the effectiveness of probiotics in treating gut motility disorder. We highlight the mechanisms that explain how the gut microbiome and its metabolism are linked to gut movement and how intestinal microecological interventions may counteract these changes based on the enteric nervous system, the central nervous system, the immune function, and the ability to modify intestinal secretion and the hormonal milieu. In particular, microbiota-based approaches that modulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan catabolites or that target the 5-hydroxytryptamine and Toll-like receptor pathways may hold therapeutic promise. Finally, we discuss the existing limitations of microecological management in treating constipation and suggest feasible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214105, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8240-2084 (H.W.); +86-510-8591-2155 (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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Zeinali T, Faraji N, Joukar F, Khan Mirzaei M, Kafshdar Jalali H, Shenagari M, Mansour-Ghanaei F. Gut bacteria, bacteriophages, and probiotics: Tripartite mutualism to quench the SARS-CoV2 storm. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105704. [PMID: 35948266 PMCID: PMC9357283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, exhibit various clinical manifestations and severity including respiratory and enteric involvements. One of the main reasons for death among covid-19 patients is excessive immune responses directed toward cytokine storm with a low chance of recovery. Since the balanced gut microbiota could prepare health benefits by protecting against pathogens and regulating immune homeostasis, dysbiosis or disruption of gut microbiota could promote severe complications including autoimmune disorders; we surveyed the association between the imbalanced gut bacteria and the development of cytokine storm among COVID-19 patients, also the impact of probiotics and bacteriophages on the gut bacteria community to alleviate cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In present review, we will scrutinize the mechanism of immunological signaling pathways which may trigger a cytokine storm in SARS-CoV2 infections. Moreover, we are explaining in detail the possible immunological signaling pathway-directing by the gut bacterial community. Consequently, the specific manipulation of gut bacteria by using probiotics and bacteriophages for alleviation of the cytokine storm will be investigated. The tripartite mutualistic cooperation of gut bacteria, probiotics, and phages as a candidate prophylactic or therapeutic approach in SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm episodes will be discussed at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zeinali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Faraji
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Center Munich and Technical University of Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hossnieh Kafshdar Jalali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shenagari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Baral KC, Bajracharya R, Lee SH, Han HK. Advancements in the Pharmaceutical Applications of Probiotics: Dosage Forms and Formulation Technology. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7535-7556. [PMID: 34795482 PMCID: PMC8594788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s337427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have demonstrated their high potential to treat and/or prevent various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Probiotics are also effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens and help maintain a balanced gut microbiota ecosystem. Accordingly, the global market of probiotics is growing rapidly, and research efforts to develop probiotics into therapeutic adjuvants are gaining momentum. However, because probiotics are living microorganisms, many biological and biopharmaceutical barriers limit their clinical application. Probiotics may lose their activity in the harsh gastric conditions of the stomach or in the presence of bile salts. Moreover, they easily lose their viability under thermal or oxidative stress during their preparation and storage. Therefore, stable formulations of probiotics are required to overcome the various physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and biological barriers and to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and clinical applicability. This review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical applications of probiotics and covers recent formulation approaches to optimize the delivery of probiotics with particular emphasis on various dosage forms and formulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitis Chandra Baral
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Rajiv Bajracharya
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
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Rocha-Ramírez LM, Hernández-Ochoa B, Gómez-Manzo S, Marcial-Quino J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Centeno-Leija S, García-Garibay M. Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of the Heat-Killed Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 on Macrophages In Vitro. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010079. [PMID: 31936101 PMCID: PMC7022880 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Lactobacillus species have beneficial immunological (“immunoprobiotic”) effects in the host. However, it is unclear how probiotic bacteria regulate immune responses. The present study investigated the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 on the activity of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Human MDMs were treated with heat-killed L. casei at a ratio (bacteria/MDM) of 50:1, 100:1, 250:1, and 500:1, and then evaluated for the following: NO production, by Griess reaction; phagocytosis of FITC-labeled Staphylococcus aureus particles; cytokine secretion profile (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β) by ELISA; and costimulatory molecule (CD80 and CD86) surface expression, by flow cytometry. Heat-killed L. casei IMAU60214 enhanced phagocytosis, NO production, cytokine release, and surface expression of CD80 and CD86 in a dose-dependent manner. All products were previously suppressed by pretreatment with a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-neutralizing antibody. Overall, our findings suggest that this probiotic strain promotes an M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype through the TLR2 signaling pathway. These effects on macrophage phenotype help explain the probiotic efficacy of Lactobacillus and provide important information for the selection of therapeutic targets and treatments compatible with the immunological characteristics of this probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5228-9917 (ext. 2084)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biología Celular, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud. Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaria de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico;
| | - Mariano García-Garibay
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Unidad Lerma, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186. Col Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
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Martens K, Pugin B, De Boeck I, Spacova I, Steelant B, Seys SF, Lebeer S, Hellings PW. Probiotics for the airways: Potential to improve epithelial and immune homeostasis. Allergy 2018; 73:1954-1963. [PMID: 29869783 DOI: 10.1111/all.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefit on the host. The therapeutic effects of probiotics have been mostly studied in the gastrointestinal tract, but recent evidence points toward the potential of these bacteria to prevent and/or treat chronic airway diseases. In this review, possible mechanisms of action of probiotics in the airways are described, with a particular focus on their capacity to modulate the epithelial barrier function and their mode of interaction with the immune system. Indeed, probiotic bacteria, mostly lactobacilli, can promote the expression and regulation of tight junctions and adherence junctions, resulting in the restoration of a defective epithelial barrier. These bacteria interact with the epithelial barrier and immune cells through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, which upon activation can stimulate or suppress various immune responses. Finally, the clinical potential of probiotics to treat inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the difference between their mode of application (eg, oral or nasal) are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Martens
- Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - B. Pugin
- Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - I. De Boeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - I. Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - B. Steelant
- Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - S. F. Seys
- Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - S. Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - P. W. Hellings
- Clinical Immunology Department of Microbiology and Immunology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Clinical Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals Ghent Ghent Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Taranu I, Marin DE, Braicu C, Pistol GC, Sorescu I, Pruteanu LL, Berindan Neagoe I, Vodnar DC. In Vitro Transcriptome Response to a Mixture of Lactobacilli Strains in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071923. [PMID: 29966337 PMCID: PMC6073849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Food and feed supplements containing microorganisms with probiotic potential are of increasing interest due to their healthy promoting effect on human and animals. Their mechanism of action is still unknown. Using a microarray approach, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in genome-wide gene expression induced by a mixture of three Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. paracasei) in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and to identify the genes and pathways involved in intestinal barrier functions. Methods: Undifferentiated IPEC-1 cells seeded at a density of 2.0 × 105/mL in 24-wells culture plates were cultivated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 until they reached confluence (2–3 days). Confluent cells monolayer were then cultivated with 1 mL of fresh lactobacilli (LB) mixture suspension prepared for a concentration of approximately 3.3 × 107 CFU/mL for each strain (1 × 108 CFU/mL in total) for 3 h and analyzed by microarray using Gene Spring GX v.11.5. Results: The functional analysis showed that 1811 of the genes modulated by LB treatment are involved in signaling (95% up-regulation, 121 genes with a fold change higher than 10). The most enhanced expression was registered for AXIN2 (axis inhibition protein 2-AXIN2) gene (13.93 Fc, p = 0.043), a negative regulator of β-catenin with a key role in human cancer. LB affected the cellular proliferation by increasing 10 times (Fc) the NF1 gene encoding for the neurofibromin protein, a tumor suppressor that prevent cells from uncontrolled proliferation. The induction of genes like serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA 3), interleukin-20 (IL-20), oncostatin M(OSM), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the suppression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2/macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (CXCL-2/MIP-2), regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), and of pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) genes highlights the protective role of lactobacilli in epithelial barrier function against inflammation and in the activation of immune response. Conclusion: Gene overexpression was the predominant effect produced by lactobacilli treatment in IPEC-1 cells, genes related to signaling pathways being the most affected. The protective role of lactobacilli in epithelial barrier function against inflammation and in the activation of immune response was also noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. V. Babes, No. 8, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionut Sorescu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Laura Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. V. Babes, No. 8, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Ku S, Park MS, Ji GE, You HJ. Review on Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4: Functionality and Nutraceutical Applications as a Probiotic Microorganism. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091544. [PMID: 27649150 PMCID: PMC5037818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 is a probiotic strain that has been used as a major ingredient to produce nutraceutical products and as a dairy starter since 2000. The various bio-functional effects and potential for industrial application of B. bifidum BGN4 has been characterized and proven by in vitro (i.e., phytochemical bio-catalysis, cell adhesion and anti-carcinogenic effects on cell lines, and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells), in vivo (i.e., suppressed allergic responses in mouse model and anti-inflammatory bowel disease), and clinical studies (eczema in infants and adults with irritable bowel syndrome). Recently, the investigation of the genome sequencing was finished and this data potentially clarifies the biochemical characteristics of B. bifidum BGN4 that possibly illustrate its nutraceutical functionality. However, further systematic research should be continued to gain insight for academic and industrial applications so that the use of B. bifidum BGN4 could be expanded to result in greater benefit. This review deals with multiple studies on B. bifidum BGN4 to offer a greater understanding as a probiotic microorganism available in functional food ingredients. In particular, this work considers the potential for commercial application, physiological characterization and exploitation of B. bifidum BGN4 as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2022, USA.
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University, Anyang 430-749, Korea.
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon 250-804, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Rolny IS, Tiscornia I, Racedo SM, Pérez PF, Bollati-Fogolín M. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp lactis CIDCA 133 modulates response of human epithelial and dendritic cells infected with Bacillus cereus. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:749-760. [PMID: 27459335 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that probiotic microorganisms are able to modulate pathogen virulence. This ability is strain dependent and involves multiple interactions between microorganisms and relevant host's cell populations. In the present work we focus on the effect of a potentially probiotic lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133) in an in vitro model of Bacillus cereus infection. Our results showed that infection of intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells by B. cereus induces nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Noteworthy, the presence of strain L. delbrueckii subsp.lactis CIDCA 133 increases stimulation. However, B. cereus-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production by epithelial cells is partially abrogated by L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133. These findings suggest that signalling pathways other than that of NF-κB are involved. In a co-culture system (HT-29 and monocyte-derived dendritic cells), B. cereus was able to translocate from the epithelial (upper) to the dendritic cell compartment (lower). This translocation was partially abrogated by the presence of lactobacilli in the upper compartment. In addition, infection of epithelial cells in the co-culture model, led to an increase in the expression of CD86 by dendritic cells. This effect could not be modified in the presence of lactobacilli. Interestingly, infection of enterocytes with B. cereus triggers production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells (IL-8, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)). The production of TNF-α (a protective cytokine in B. cereus infections) by dendritic cells was increased in the presence of lactobacilli. The present work demonstrates for the first time the effect of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133, a potentially probiotic strain, in an in vitro model of B. cereus infection. The presence of the probiotic strain modulates cell response both in infected epithelial and dendritic cells thus suggesting a possible beneficial effect of selected lactobacilli strains on the course of B. cereus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Rolny
- 1 Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI La Plata, Argentina
| | - I Tiscornia
- 2 Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Calle Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,3 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería-Universidad ORT Uruguay, Cuareim 1451, 11100 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S M Racedo
- 4 Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - P F Pérez
- 1 Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, B1900AJI La Plata, Argentina.,5 Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, Calle 47 y 116, B1900AJI La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Bollati-Fogolín
- 2 Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Calle Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Shin R, Itoh Y, Kataoka M, Iino-Miura S, Miura R, Mizutani T, Fujisawa T. Anti-tumor activity of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum BF-LP284 on Meth-A tumor cells in BALB/c mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:641-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1185771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Shin
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, School of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Itoh
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kataoka
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Iino-Miura
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Mizutani
- Central Institute for Health Science, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, School of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dwivedi M, Kumar P, Laddha NC, Kemp EH. Induction of regulatory T cells: A role for probiotics and prebiotics to suppress autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:379-92. [PMID: 26774011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells that play a vital role in suppressing inflammation and maintaining immune tolerance. Given the crucial role of Tregs in maintaining immune homeostasis, it is probably not surprising that many microbial species and their metabolites have the potential to induce Tregs. There is now great interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics and prebiotics based strategies for a range of autoimmune disorders. This review will summarise recent findings concerning the role of probiotics and prebiotics in induction of Tregs to ameliorate the autoimmune conditions. In addition, the article is focused to explain the different mechanisms of Treg induction and function by these probiotics and prebiotics, based on the available studies till date. The article further proposes that induction of Tregs by probiotics and prebiotics could lead to the development of new therapeutic approach towards curbing the autoimmune response and as an alternative to detrimental immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat -394350, India
| | - Prasant Kumar
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat -394350, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Unipath Specialty Laboratory Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - E Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Li J, Sung CY, Lee N, Ni Y, Pihlajamäki J, Panagiotou G, El-Nezami H. Probiotics modulated gut microbiota suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1306-15. [PMID: 26884164 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518189113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial roles of probiotics in lowering the gastrointestinal inflammation and preventing colorectal cancer have been frequently demonstrated, but their immunomodulatory effects and mechanism in suppressing the growth of extraintestinal tumors remain unexplored. Here, we adopted a mouse model and metagenome sequencing to investigate the efficacy of probiotic feeding in controlling s.c. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism suppressing the tumor progression. Our result demonstrated that Prohep, a novel probiotic mixture, slows down the tumor growth significantly and reduces the tumor size and weight by 40% compared with the control. From a mechanistic point of view the down-regulated IL-17 cytokine and its major producer Th17 cells, whose levels decreased drastically, played critical roles in tumor reduction upon probiotics feeding. Cell staining illustrated that the reduced Th17 cells in the tumor of the probiotic-treated group is mainly caused by the reduced frequency of migratory Th17 cells from the intestine and peripheral blood. In addition, shotgun-metagenome sequencing revealed the crosstalk between gut microbial metabolites and the HCC development. Probiotics shifted the gut microbial community toward certain beneficial bacteria, including Prevotella and Oscillibacter, that are known producers of antiinflammatory metabolites, which subsequently reduced the Th17 polarization and promoted the differentiation of antiinflammatory Treg/Tr1 cells in the gut. Overall, our study offers novel insights into the mechanism by which probiotic treatment modulates the microbiota and influences the regulation of the T-cell differentiation in the gut, which in turn alters the level of the proinflammatory cytokines in the extraintestinal tumor microenvironment.
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Wan LYM, Chen ZJ, Shah NP, El-Nezami H. Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Defense Responses by Probiotic Bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2628-41. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.905450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mariman R, Kremer B, Koning F, Nagelkerken L. The probiotic mixture VSL#3 mediates both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1088-97. [PMID: 25181025 DOI: 10.1017/S000711451400169X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria express a wide range of molecular structures that bind to receptors on innate immune cells and mediate health-promoting effects in the host. We have recently demonstrated in a colitis model that favourable effects of the probiotic mixture VSL#3 may in part be due to the suppression of intestinal chemokine expression. To obtain more insights into the underlying mechanisms, in the present study, we analysed the modulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DC) from BALB/c (T helper (Th)2 biased) v. C57BL/6 (Th1 biased) mice. Our findings showed that VSL#3 differed from pure Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands by inducing the production of various cytokines, including IL-12 p70 subunit (IL-12p70), IL-23 and IL-10. Dedicated TLR arrays were employed to profile mRNA from BM-DC cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), VSL#3, or a combination of both. This approach led to the identification of (1) a cluster of genes that were up- or down-regulated, irrespective of the stimulus, (2) a cluster of genes that were synergistically up-regulated by LPS and VSL#3 in BM-DC from C57BL/6 mice, but not in those from BALB/c mice, and (3) a cluster of LPS-induced genes that were suppressed by VSL#3, in particular chemokine genes. These data show that this probiotic mixture has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects on BM-DC and suggest that their immune-modulating properties in vivo may depend on the genetic background of the host.
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Pechar R, Rada V, Parafati L, Musilova S, Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Killer J, Mrazek J, Kmet V, Svejstil R. Mupirocin-mucin agar for selective enumeration of Bifidobacterium bifidum. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 191:32-5. [PMID: 25217723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum is a bacterial species exclusively found in the human intestinal tract. This species is becoming increasingly popular as a probiotic organism added to lyophilized products. In this study, porcine mucin was used as the sole carbon source for the selective enumeration of B. bifidum in probiotic food additives. Thirty-six bifidobacterial strains were cultivated in broth with mucin. Only 13 strains of B. bifidum utilized the mucin to produce acids. B. bifidum was selectively enumerated in eight probiotic food supplements using agar (MM agar) containing mupirocin (100 mg/L) and mucin (20 g/L) as the sole carbon source. MM agar was fully selective if the B. bifidum species was presented together with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum species and with lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli, streptococci). Isolated strains of B. bifidum were identified using biochemical, PCR, MALDI-TOF procedures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The novel selective medium was also suitable for the isolation of B. bifidum strains from human fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radko Pechar
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Parafati
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sarka Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrazek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Roman Svejstil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
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Hayes C, Natividad J, Jury J, Martin R, Langella P, Verdu E. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve NCC2950 against DSS-induced colitis is dependent on bacterial preparation and timing of administration. Benef Microbes 2014; 5:79-88. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have been proposed as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, but variations in strains, formulations, and protocols used in clinical trials have hindered the creation of guidelines for their use. Thus, preclinical insight into the mechanisms of specific probiotic strains and mode of administration would be useful to guide future clinical trial design. In this study, live, heat inactivated (HI), and spent culture medium preparations of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve NCC2950 were administered to specific pathogen free C57BL/6 mice before or during colitis, as well as before colitis reactivation. Five days of 3.5% dextran sulphate sodium in drinking water was used to induce colitis. Pretreatment with live B. breve reduced disease severity, myeloperoxidase activity, microscopic damage, cytokine production, interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 ratio, and lymphocyte infiltration in the colon. B. breve did not attenuate on-going colitis. After acute colitis, disease symptoms were normalised sooner with live and HI B. breve treatment; however, reactivation of colitis was not prevented. These findings indicate that the efficacy of a probiotic to modulate intestinal inflammation is dependent on the formulation as well as state of inflammation when administered. Overall, live B. breve was most efficacious in preventing acute colitis. Live and HI B. breve also promoted recovery from diarrhoea and colon bleeding after a bout of acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Hayes
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J.M.M. Natividad
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - J. Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - R. Martin
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P. Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - E.F. Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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Zakaria N, Cools N, Berneman Z, Tassignon MJ. Electroporating Human Corneal Epithelial Cells With Interleukin 10 and Fas Ligand pDNA. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2014; 3:56-63. [PMID: 26107308 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an optimal electroporation protocol for plasmid (pDNA) transfection of a human corneal epithelial cell (hCEC) line and investigate the immunomodulatory capacity of interleukin 10 and Fas ligand (FasL) transfection on hCECs. DESIGN A controlled experimental study. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cells were electroporated with pDNA encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein, interleukin 10, or FasL. Supernatants were analyzed for cytokine secretion using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To test potential immunosuppression, electroporated hCECs were cocultured with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the supernatants analyzed for interferon γ production. RESULTS Maximum transfection efficiencies were obtained using optimized settings, and transgene expression was detected up to 13 days following transfection. Interleukin 10 levels peaked at day 4 and FasL at day 2 following electroporation. Coculture supernatants showed significantly lower levels of interferon γ in the modulated groups compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate highly efficient transfection of hCECs using an optimized electroporation protocol. Interleukin 10 and FasL may provide a means of immune modulation of corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zakaria
- From the *Department of Ophthalmology and †Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital; and ‡Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The liver adaptively responds to extra-intestinal and intestinal inflammation. In recent years, the role of the autonomic nervous system, intestinal failure and gut microbiota has been investigated in the development of hepatic, intestinal and extra-intestinal disease. RECENT FINDINGS The autonomic nervous system can be stimulated via enteral fat leading to cholecystokinin release, stimulating receptors in the gut and in the brain. This promotes bowel integrity, dampening the inflammatory response to food antigens. Consensus exists that intravenously administered long-chain fatty acids can cause liver damage but randomized-controlled trials are lacking. Disruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts can give rise to cholestasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Reduced intestinal availability of bile salts reduces stimulation of the farnesoid X receptor. This may induce hepatic bile salt overload and associated hepatotoxicity through reduced action of intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19. Evidence is put forward to suggest that the intestinal microbiota is associated with liver abnormalities. SUMMARY Enteral lipids reduce inflammation and liver damage during stress or systemic inflammation, whereas parenteral lipid is associated with liver damage. Maintaining the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts limits hepatic cholestasis through an farnesoid X receptor feedback pathway. Changes in gut microbiota composition may induce liver disease.
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