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Mani ST, Jayakumar P, Pavithra ME, Saranya K, Rathinavel T, Ammashi S. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Eclipta alba and Its Activity Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00959-w. [PMID: 37993758 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) doesn't have well-defined molecular targets making it unable to treat with chemotherapy also have faster metastatic rate and worse survival rate. In the current study we aim to target TNBC through eco-friendly green synthesized silver nanoparticles having anti-cancer phytoconstituents from the traditional anti-cancer medicinal plant Eclipta alba. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are agglomerates of spherical shaped 40-60 nm sized showing characteristic light absorption at 437 nm, banding pattern at 1479, 1285, 1036, and 471 showing and further X-ray diffraction pattern confirm face-centered cubic crystal silver structure exist in the green synthesized silver nanoparticle preparation. Further in vitro anti-oxidant analysis results revealed that green synthesized AgNPs showed 2.6-fold higher anti-oxidant potential (IC50 15.70 g/ml) than that of aqueous plant leaf extract (IC50 39.80 g/ml). In MTT cytotoxicity analysis Eclipta alba plant extract and AgNPs both display dose-dependent cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), although their IC50 values differ substantially, at 105.80 µg/ml and 77.20 g/ml, respectively. Finally, AgNPs from Eclipta alba tested for anti-leishmanial activity and it showed 91.36 ± 1.05 for promastigotes and 76.62 ± 0.95 for amastigotes at the highest dose of 400 g/ml. Altogether present data showed that Eclipta alba leaf extract actively bonded with silver nanoparticles suppresses the MDA-MB-231 cells growth through high antioxidant characters and anti-leishmanial activity. From together we confirm that Eclipta alba was recommended to a future therapeutic drug and agent to control breast cancer in the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thanjavur Mani
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 005, India
| | - P Jayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan, 331 303, India
| | - Marimuthu E Pavithra
- Department of Microbiology, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 048, India
| | - K Saranya
- Department of Physics, Government College of Engineering, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 402, India
| | | | - Subramanian Ammashi
- PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 005, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Womens College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India.
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2
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Singh H, Desimone MF, Pandya S, Jasani S, George N, Adnan M, Aldarhami A, Bazaid AS, Alderhami SA. Revisiting the Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Uncovering Influences of Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents for Enhanced Synthesis Efficiency and Its Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4727-4750. [PMID: 37621852 PMCID: PMC10444627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s419369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods involve harsh conditions, high costs, and environmental pollution. In this context, researchers are actively searching for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis methods. This has led to the development of green synthesis procedures among which the exploration of the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles experienced a great development. Especially, because plant extracts can work as reducing and stabilizing agents. This opens up new possibilities for cost-effective, environmentally-friendly nanoparticle synthesis with enhanced size uniformity and stability. Moreover, bio-inspired nanoparticles derived from plants exhibit intriguing pharmacological properties, making them highly promising for use in medical applications due to their biocompatibility and nano-dimension. Objective This study investigates the role of specific phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins, in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis together with their influence on particle size, stability, and properties. Additionally, we highlight the potential applications of these bio-derived nanoparticles, particularly with regard to drug delivery, disease management, agriculture, bioremediation, and application in other industries. Methodology Extensive research on scientific databases identified green synthesis methods, specifically plant-mediated synthesis, with a focus on understanding the contributions of phytochemicals like phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins. The database search covered the field's development over the past 15 years. Results Insights gained from this exploration highlight plant-mediated green synthesis for cost-effective nanoparticle production with significant pharmacological properties. Utilizing renewable biological resources and controlling nanoparticle characteristics through biomolecule interactions offer promising avenues for future research and applications. Conclusion This review delves into the scientific intricacies of plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles, highlighting the advantages of this approach over the traditional chemical synthesis methods. The study showcases the immense potential of green synthesis for medical and other applications, aiming to inspire further research in this exciting area and promote a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Martin F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shivani Pandya
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
- Department of Forensic Science, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Srushti Jasani
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Noble George
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
- Department of Forensic Science, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Aldarhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, 28814, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alderhami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Almakhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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Barabadi H, Mobaraki K, Jounaki K, Sadeghian-Abadi S, Vahidi H, Jahani R, Noqani H, Hosseini O, Ashouri F, Amidi S. Exploring the biological application of Penicillium fimorum-derived silver nanoparticles: In vitro physicochemical, antifungal, biofilm inhibitory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16853. [PMID: 37313153 PMCID: PMC10258451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study showed the anti-candida, biofilm inhibitory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by using the supernatant of Penicillium fimorum (GenBank accession number OQ568180) isolated from soil. The biogenic AgNPs were characterized by using different analytical techniques. A sharp surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of the colloidal AgNPs at 429.5 nm in the UV-vis spectrum confirmed the fabrication of nanosized silver particles. The broth microdilution assay confirmed the anti-candida properties of AgNPs with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg mL-1. In the next step, the protein and DNA leakage assays as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were performed to evaluate the possible anti-candida mechanisms of AgNPs representing an increase in the total protein and DNA of supernatant along with a climb-up in ROS levels in AgNPs-treated samples. Flow cytometry also confirmed a dose-dependent cell death in the AgNPs-treated samples. Further studies also confirmed the biofilm inhibitory performance of AgNPs against Candia albicans. The AgNPs at the concentrations of MIC and 4*MIC inhibited 79.68 ± 14.38% and 83.57 ± 3.41% of biofilm formation in C. albicans, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that the intrinsic pathway may play a significant role in the anticoagulant properties of AgNPs. In addition, the AgNPs at the concentration of 500 μg mL-1, represented 49.27%, and 73.96 ± 2.59% thrombolytic and DPPH radical scavenging potential, respectively. Promising biological performance of AgNPs suggests these nanomaterials as a good candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Barabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Mobaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Jounaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Sadeghian-Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Vahidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jahani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Noqani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Hosseini
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salimeh Amidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abaid R, Malik M, Iqbal MA, Malik M, Shahwani Z, Ali TZ, Morsy K, Capangpangan RY, Alguno AC, Choi JR. Biosynthesizing Cassia fistula Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles for MCF-7 Cell Lines Anti-Cancer Assay. ACS Omega 2023; 8:17317-17326. [PMID: 37214698 PMCID: PMC10193565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unique consequence of green synthesis is that the mediator plant is able to release chemicals that are efficacious as reducing as well as stabilizing agents. In this work, the fruit pulp and leaf essences of Cassia fistula have been used to manufacture silver nanoparticles through the green synthesis technique. The sculpturing of nanoparticles was accomplished by utilizing the reduction phenomenon that ensued due to the reaction between plant essences and the precursor solution. These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were examined, where we used scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques as means to analyze the structure, optical properties, and crystalline behavior, respectively. The absorption spectra for fruit and leaf extracts obtained from the UV-vis analyses peaked at 401 and 397 nm, and these peaks imply the appearance of optical energy gaps of 2.12 and 2.58 eV, accompanying spherical shapes of particles with diameters in the ranges of 12-20 and 50-80 nm, respectively. These silver nanoparticles together with the adopted green technique have a vast array of applications, specifically in the biomedical realm. In particular, they are being used to treat several diseases and are manifested as strong anti-tumor agents to medicate MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in order to minimize the cell growth rate depending on their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rija Abaid
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Maria Malik
- Centre
of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mariam Malik
- Faculty
of Biological and Applied Sciences, International
Islamic University, Islamabad 04436, Pakistan
| | - Zubeda Shahwani
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen
University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Taha Zaid Ali
- Pharmacy
Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department,
College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rey Y. Capangpangan
- Department
of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College
of Marine and Allied Sciences Mindanao State University at Naawan, Poblacion, Naawan 9023, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
| | - Arnold C. Alguno
- Department
of Physics, Premier Research Institute of
Science and Mathematics (PRISM) Mindanao State University - Iligan
Institute of Technology, Tibanga Highway, Iligan City 9200 Philippines
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic
of Korea
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Budhalakoti N. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Onion Peel Polyphenols and Their Antimicrobial Effect. BioNanoSci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Samiei M, Adibkia K, Ghasemi N, Tupal A, Mohaghegh S. Effect of Silver Nanoparticles of Herbal Origin on the Compressive and Push-out Bond Strengths of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Iran Endod J 2023; 18:159-164. [PMID: 37431522 PMCID: PMC10329756 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v18i3.31364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of herbal origin into mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the push-out bond strength (PBS) and compressive strength (CS) in simulated furcal area perforations. Materials and Methods In this in vitro study, simulated furcal area perforations (1.3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth) were created in 40 extracted human lower molar teeth, which were divided into two groups (n=20): MTA alone and MTA combined with AgNPs (2% wt). Using a universal testing machine, PBS was evaluated by performing push-out tests, while CS was assessed using cylindrical specimens. The normal distribution of data was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. Results The CS results showed no significant difference between the MTA group at 4 and 21 days (P=0.297), but a significant difference was observed in the nanosilver/MTA group (P=0.013). However, there was no significant difference in the push-out bond strength among the study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The incorporation of herbal origin silver nanoparticles did not significantly affect the PBS or CS of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Negin Ghasemi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Tupal
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seraj Mohaghegh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
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Al-Otibi F, Perveen K, Al-Saif NA, Alharbi RI, Bokhari NA, Albasher G, Al-Otaibi RM, Al-Mosa MA. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Malva parviflora and their antifungal activity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2229-2235. [PMID: 33935565 PMCID: PMC8071962 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheeseweed mallow (Malva parviflora L.) was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were classified by UV-vis Spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The shape and size distribution were visualized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Zeta potential analysis. The chemical composition of M. parviflora leaf extract was identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Finally, in vitro antifungal assay was done to assess the potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and crude leaf extract of M. parviflora for inhibiting the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The UV-vis analysis manifests the formation of silver nanoparticles. FTIR analysis established that chemicals of the leaf extract stabilized the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by binding with the free silver ions. The TEM, FE-SEM and zeta potential analyzer confirmed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were mostly spherical with an average diameter of 50.6 nm. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora effectively mitigate the mycelial growth of Helminthosporium rostratum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata. The maximum reduction in mycelial growth by biosynthesized nanoparticles was observed against H. rostratum (88.6%). Whereas, the leaf extract of M. parviflora was most effective against F. solani (65.3%). Thus, the biosynthesis of nanoparticle assisted by M. parviflora is a feasible and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Further the silver nanoparticles and leaf extract of M. parviflora could be explored for the development of the fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A. Al-Saif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raedah I. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat A. Bokhari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A. Al-Mosa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lefojane RP, Sone BT, Matinise N, Saleh K, Direko P, Mfengwana P, Mashele S, Maaza M, Sekhoacha MP. CdO/CdCO 3 nanocomposite physical properties and cytotoxicity against selected breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 33420103 PMCID: PMC7794331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium Oxide nanoparticles have the lowest toxicity when compared to nanoparticles of other semiconductors and they are not detrimental to human and mammalian cells, thereby making them candidates for targeting cancer cells. Synadenium cupulare plant extracts were used to synthesize CdO/CdCO3 nanocomposite using cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate 98% as a precursor salt. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were then screened for effect on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and Vero cell line to determine their growth inhibition effect. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. XRD showed the peaks of monteponite CdO and otavite CdCO3 nanoparticles. TEM results showed irregular and spherical particles of varying sizes, whilst SEM revealed a non-uniform morphology. FTIR results showed peaks of functional groups which are present in some of the phytochemical compounds found in S. cupulare, and point to the presence of CdO. Annealed CdO/CdCO3 NPs showed selectivity for MCF7 and MDA MB231 in comparison to Vero cell line, thereby supporting the hypothesis that cadmium oxide nanoparticles inhibit growth of cancerous cells more than non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Lefojane
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - B T Sone
- Flow Process and Rheology Centre, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - N Matinise
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - K Saleh
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Direko
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - P Mfengwana
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - S Mashele
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - M Maaza
- Department of Material Research, Nanoscience Laboratory, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - M P Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa.
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9
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Singh P, Yasir M, Khare R, Shrivastava R. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Indian male fern ( Dryopteris Cochleata), operational parameters, characterization and bioactivity on Naja naja venom neutralization. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:706-713. [PMID: 33178431 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite is considered as one of the acute severe medical problems across the world. Snake venoms composed of various group of toxins, enzymes and non-toxic enzymes. Phospholipases A2 present in Naja naja snake venom plays a significant role in lipid signalling and contributes to different inflammation in the human body. Dryopteris cochleata rhizomes have antioxidant, antimicrobial property and used to treat lesions, gonorrhoea, sores, muscular pain, rheumatic and also useful in dog and snake bites. In this study, Indian male fern D. cochleata rhizomes have been used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the aim to increase the bioactivity of plant extract and to evaluate N. naja snake venom inhibition activity of prepared nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with the help of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Naja naja venom inhibition activity of nanoparticles was performed using in vitro phospholipases A2 assay and tissue damage activity. The results showed that surface plasmon resonance maxima peaks of nanoparticles were observed at 424 nm. Average particle size was around 35 nm, with a spherical shape. Neutralization results exhibited that synthesized silver nanoparticles from D. cochleata decreased percentage of tissue damage, resulting in significant inhibition of phospholipase A2 and N. naja snake venom. Results concluded that green synthesized silver nanoparticles from D. cochleata rhizome neutralize N. naja snake venom activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Khare
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ali MA, Ahmed T, Wu W, Hossain A, Hafeez R, Islam Masum MM, Wang Y, An Q, Sun G, Li B. Advancements in Plant and Microbe-Based Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1146. [PMID: 32545239 PMCID: PMC7353409 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A large number of metallic nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by using different plant extracts and microbes including bacteria, fungi viruses and microalgae. Some of these metallic nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens. Here, we summarized these green-synthesized nanoparticles from plants and microbes and their applications in the control of plant pathogens. We also discussed the potential deleterious effects of the metallic nanoparticles on plants and beneficial microbial communities associated with plants. Overall, this review calls for attention regarding the use of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles in controlling plant diseases and clarification of the risks to plants, plant-associated microbial communities, and environments before using them in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arshad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Afsana Hossain
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Rahila Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
| | - Md. Mahidul Islam Masum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Qianli An
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.A.A.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (Q.A.)
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11
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B Aziz S, Hussein G, Brza MA, J Mohammed S, T Abdulwahid R, Raza Saeed S, Hassanzadeh A. Fabrication of Interconnected Plasmonic Spherical Silver Nanoparticles with Enhanced Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Peaks Using Quince Leaf Extract Solution. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1557. [PMID: 31684041 PMCID: PMC6915396 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interconnected spherical metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized in the current study using a green chemistry method. The reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs was carried out with low-cost and eco-friendly quince leaves. For the first time, it was confirmed that the extract solution of quince leaves could be used to perform green production of Ag NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to identify the potential biomolecules that were involved in the Ag NPs. The results depicted that the biosynthesis of Ag NPs through the extract solution of quince leaf was a low-cost, clean, and safe method, which did not make use of any contaminated element and hence, had no undesirable effects. The majority of the peaks in the FTIR spectrum of quince leaf extracts also emerged in the FTIR spectrum of Ag NPs but they were found to be of less severe intensity. The silver ion reduction was elaborated in detail on the basis of the FTIR outcomes. In addition, through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the Ag NPs were also confirmed to be crystalline in type, owing to the appearance of distinct peaks related to the Ag NPs. The creation of Ag NPs was furthermore confirmed by using absorption spectrum, in which a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak at 480 nm was observed. The LSPR peak achieved in the present work was found to be of great interest compared to those reported in literature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images were used to provide the morphology and grain size of Ag NPs. It was shown from the FESEM images that the Ag NPs had interconnected spherical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Govar Hussein
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
| | - M A Brza
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia.
| | - Sewara J Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - R T Abdulwahid
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Salah Raza Saeed
- Charmo Research Center, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
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12
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Nisar P, Ali N, Rahman L, Ali M, Shinwari ZK. Antimicrobial activities of biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles: an insight into the mechanism of action. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:929-41. [PMID: 31515623 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance is a clinical crisis worldwide. Recent progress in the field of green synthesis has fascinated scientists and researchers to explore its potentials against pathogenic microbes. Bioinspired-metal-based nanoparticles (silver, copper, gold, zinc, etc.) have been reported to be tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as B. subtilis, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., as well as some pathogenic fungi including A. niger, F. oxysporum, A. fumigatus, etc., and are testified to exhibit inhibitory effects against pathogenic microbes. The possible modes of action of these metal nanoparticles include: (a) excess production of reactive oxygen species inside microbes; (b) disruption of vital enzymes in respiratory chain via damaging microbial plasma membranes; (c) accumulation of metal ions in microbial membranes; (d) electrostatic attraction between metal nanoparticles and microbial cells which disrupt metabolic activities; and (e) inhibition of microbial proteins/enzymes by increased production of H2O2. Although these pathways are interconnected, information on potential mechanism of most of these biogenic nanoparticles is still limited. Further exploration of these mechanisms could help in tackling the burning issue of antibiotics resistance.
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13
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Grumezescu AM, Stoica AE, Dima-Bălcescu MȘ, Chircov C, Gharbia S, Baltă C, Roșu M, Herman H, Holban AM, Ficai A, Vasile BS, Andronescu E, Chifiriuc MC, Hermenean A. Electrospun Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Novel Approach in Anti-Infective Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1039. [PMID: 31315266 PMCID: PMC6679131 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major pollutant polymer, due to its wide use in food packaging and fiber production industries worldwide. Currently, there is great interest for recycling the huge amount of PET-based materials, derived especially from the food and textile industries. In this study, we applied the electrospinning technique to obtain nanostructured fibrillary membranes based on PET materials. Subsequently, the recycled PET networks were decorated with silver nanoparticles through the chemical reduction method for antimicrobial applications. After the characterization of the materials in terms of crystallinity, chemical bonding, and morphology, the effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains, was investigated. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility tests were performed in order to open up potential biomedical applications, such as wound dressings or implant coatings. Silver-decorated fibers showed lower cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects and increased antibiofilm activity, thus highlighting the potential of these systems for antimicrobial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- ICUB, Research Institute of Bucharest University, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Cornel Baltă
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Roșu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- ICUB, Research Institute of Bucharest University, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
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Jalal M, Ansari MA, Alzohairy MA, Ali SG, Khan HM, Almatroudi A, Siddiqui MI. Anticandidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles: effect on growth, cell morphology, and key virulence attributes of Candida species. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4667-4679. [PMID: 31308652 PMCID: PMC6612830 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pathogenicity in Candida spp was attributed by several virulence factors such as production of tissue damaging extracellular enzymes, germ tube formation, hyphal morphogenesis and establishment of drug resistant biofilm. The objective of present study was to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth, cell morphology and key virulence attributes of Candida species. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized by the using seed extract of Syzygium cumini (Sc), and were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ScAgNPs were used to evaluate their antifungal and antibacterial activity as well as their potent inhibitory effects on germ tube and biofilm formation and extracellular enzymes viz. phospholipases, proteinases, lipases and hemolysin secreted by Candida spp. Results: The MICs values of ScAgNPs were ranged from 0.125-0.250 mg/ml, whereas the MBCs and MFCs were 0.250 and 0.500 mg/ml, respectively. ScAgNPs significantly inhibit the production of phospholipases by 82.2, 75.7, 78.7, 62.5, and 65.8%; proteinases by 82.0, 72.0, 77.5, 67.0, and 83.7%; lipase by 69.4, 58.8, 60.0, 42.9, and 65.0%; and hemolysin by 62.8, 69.7, 67.2, 73.1, and 70.2% in C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei, respectively, at 500 μg/ml. ScAgNPs inhibit germ tube formation in C. albicans up to 97.1% at 0.25 mg/ml. LIVE/DEAD staining results showed that ScAgNPs almost completely inhibit biofilm formation in C. albicans. TEM analysis shows that ScAgNPs not only anchored onto the cell surface but also penetrated and accumulated in the cytoplasm that causes severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Conclusion: To summarize, the biosynthesized ScAgNPs strongly suppressed the multiplication, germ tube and biofilm formation and most importantly secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (viz. phospholipases, proteinases, lipases and hemolysin) by Candia spp. The present research work open several avenues of further study, such as to explore the molecular mechanism of inhibition of germ tubes and biofilm formation and suppression of production of various hydrolytic enzymes by Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Haris M Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202002, India
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh202202, India
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Rahman S, Rahman L, Khalil AT, Ali N, Zia D, Ali M, Shinwari ZK. Endophyte-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2551-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Marslin G, Siram K, Maqbool Q, Selvakesavan RK, Kruszka D, Kachlicki P, Franklin G. Secondary Metabolites in the Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles. Materials 2018; 11:E940. [PMID: 29865278 PMCID: PMC6024997 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of organisms and organic compounds to reduce metal ions and stabilize them into nanoparticles (NPs) forms the basis of green synthesis. To date, synthesis of NPs from various metal ions using a diverse array of plant extracts has been reported. However, a clear understanding of the mechanism of green synthesis of NPs is lacking. Although most studies have neglected to analyze the green-synthesized NPs (GNPs) for the presence of compounds derived from the extract, several studies have demonstrated the conjugation of sugars, secondary metabolites, and proteins in these biogenic NPs. Despite several reports on the bioactivities (antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, catalytic, etc.) of GNPs, only a handful of studies have compared these activities with their chemically synthesized counterparts. These comparisons have demonstrated that GNPs possess better bioactivities than NPs synthesized by other methods, which might be attributed to the presence of plant-derived compounds in these NPs. The ability of NPs to bind with organic compounds to form a stable complex has huge potential in the harvesting of precious molecules and for drug discovery, if harnessed meticulously. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of green synthesis and high-throughput screening of stabilizing/capping agents on the physico-chemical properties of GNPs is warranted to realize the full potential of green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Marslin
- Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Nellore 524346, India.
| | - Karthik Siram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641004, India.
| | - Qaisar Maqbool
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
| | - Gregory Franklin
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 60479, Poland.
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