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Salas-Rojas M, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Almazán-Marín C, Rodas-Martínez AZ, Aguilar-Setién Á, Drexler JF. Serological evidence for potential yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates, southeastern Mexico. One Health Outlook 2023; 5:14. [PMID: 37876014 PMCID: PMC10594671 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne flaviviruses like dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are major human pathogens. In Latin America, YFV is maintained in sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest-dwelling mosquitos. YFV supposedly does not circulate north of Panama. METHODS We conducted a serologic study for flaviviruses and other emerging viruses in NHP from southeastern Mexico. A total of thirty sera of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi, n = 25), black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra, n = 3), and mantled howler monkeys (Al. palliata, n = 2) sampled in 2012 and 2018 were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detected IgG antibodies against DENV, YFV, Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Zaire Ebola virus, and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) representing all mosquito-borne flavivirus serocomplexes circulating in the Americas. RESULTS A total of 16 sera (53.3%; 95% CI, 34.3-71.7) showed IFA reactivity to at least one tested flavivirus with end-point titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. No serum reacted with other viruses. Monotypic and high mean PRNT90 endpoint YFV titers of 1:246 were found in 3 black-handed spider monkey sera (10.0%; 95% CI, 2.1-26.5) sampled in 2018 in Tabasco, compared to all other flaviviruses tested. Monotypic endpoint PRNT90 titers of 1:28 for Ilheus virus and 1:22 for WNV in serum of black howler monkeys sampled in 2018 in Tabasco suggested additional flavivirus exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may suggest unnoticed YFV circulation. Intensification of YFV surveillance in NHP and vectors is warranted in Mexico and potentially other areas considered free of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salas-Rojas
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cenia Almazán-Marín
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Alba Zulema Rodas-Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Álvaro Aguilar-Setién
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Caicedo EY, Charniga K, Rueda A, Dorigatti I, Mendez Y, Hamlet A, Carrera JP, Cucunubá ZM. The epidemiology of Mayaro virus in the Americas: A systematic review and key parameter estimates for outbreak modelling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009418. [PMID: 34081717 PMCID: PMC8205173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus that is endemic to tropical forests in Central and South America, particularly within the Amazon basin. In recent years, concern has increased regarding MAYV's ability to invade urban areas and cause epidemics across the region. We conducted a systematic literature review to characterise the evolutionary history of MAYV, its transmission potential, and exposure patterns to the virus. We analysed data from the literature on MAYV infection to produce estimates of key epidemiological parameters, including the generation time and the basic reproduction number, R0. We also estimated the force-of-infection (FOI) in epidemic and endemic settings. Seventy-six publications met our inclusion criteria. Evidence of MAYV infection in humans, animals, or vectors was reported in 14 Latin American countries. Nine countries reported evidence of acute infection in humans confirmed by viral isolation or reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). We identified at least five MAYV outbreaks. Seroprevalence from population based cross-sectional studies ranged from 21% to 72%. The estimated mean generation time of MAYV was 15.2 days (95% CrI: 11.7-19.8) with a standard deviation of 6.3 days (95% CrI: 4.2-9.5). The per-capita risk of MAYV infection (FOI) ranged between 0.01 and 0.05 per year. The mean R0 estimates ranged between 2.1 and 2.9 in the Amazon basin areas and between 1.1 and 1.3 in the regions outside of the Amazon basin. Although MAYV has been identified in urban vectors, there is not yet evidence of sustained urban transmission. MAYV's enzootic cycle could become established in forested areas within cities similar to yellow fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Charniga
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC-GIDA), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanecer Rueda
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC-GIDA), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yardany Mendez
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC-GIDA), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul Carrera
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Research in Virology and Biotechnology, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Zulma M. Cucunubá
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC-GIDA), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Thompson CW, Phelps KL, Allard MW, Cook JA, Dunnum JL, Ferguson AW, Gelang M, Khan FAA, Paul DL, Reeder DM, Simmons NB, Vanhove MPM, Webala PW, Weksler M, Kilpatrick CW. Preserve a Voucher Specimen! The Critical Need for Integrating Natural History Collections in Infectious Disease Studies. mBio 2021; 12:e02698-20. [PMID: 33436435 PMCID: PMC7844540 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02698-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being nearly 10 months into the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, the definitive animal host for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causal agent of COVID-19, remains unknown. Unfortunately, similar problems exist for other betacoronaviruses, and no vouchered specimens exist to corroborate host species identification for most of these pathogens. This most basic information is critical to the full understanding and mitigation of emerging zoonotic diseases. To overcome this hurdle, we recommend that host-pathogen researchers adopt vouchering practices and collaborate with natural history collections to permanently archive microbiological samples and host specimens. Vouchered specimens and associated samples provide both repeatability and extension to host-pathogen studies, and using them mobilizes a large workforce (i.e., biodiversity scientists) to assist in pandemic preparedness. We review several well-known examples that successfully integrate host-pathogen research with natural history collections (e.g., yellow fever, hantaviruses, helminths). However, vouchering remains an underutilized practice in such studies. Using an online survey, we assessed vouchering practices used by microbiologists (e.g., bacteriologists, parasitologists, virologists) in host-pathogen research. A much greater number of respondents permanently archive microbiological samples than archive host specimens, and less than half of respondents voucher host specimens from which microbiological samples were lethally collected. To foster collaborations between microbiologists and natural history collections, we provide recommendations for integrating vouchering techniques and archiving of microbiological samples into host-pathogen studies. This integrative approach exemplifies the premise underlying One Health initiatives, providing critical infrastructure for addressing related issues ranging from public health to global climate change and the biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Marc W Allard
- Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jonathan L Dunnum
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adam W Ferguson
- Gantz Family Collections Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Magnus Gelang
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah L Paul
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Species File Group, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Marcelo Weksler
- Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sacchetto L, Silva NIO, Rezende IM, Arruda MS, Costa TA, de Mello ÉM, Oliveira GFG, Alves PA, de Mendonça VE, Stumpp RGAV, Prado AIA, Paglia AP, Perini FA, Lacerda Nogueira M, Kroon EG, de Thoisy B, Trindade GS, Drumond BP. Neighbor danger: Yellow fever virus epizootics in urban and urban-rural transition areas of Minas Gerais state, during 2017-2018 yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008658. [PMID: 33017419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the end of 2016 until the beginning of 2019, Brazil faced a massive sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreak. The 2016–2019 YF epidemics affected densely populated areas, especially the Southeast region, causing thousands of deaths of humans and non-human primates (NHP). Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a molecular investigation of yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA in 781 NHP carcasses collected in the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas of Minas Gerais state, from January 2017 to December 2018. Samples were analyzed according to the period of sampling, NHP genera, sampling areas, and sampling areas/NHP genera to compare the proportions of YFV-positive carcasses and the estimated YFV genomic loads. YFV infection was confirmed in 38.1% of NHP carcasses (including specimens of the genera Alouatta, Callicebus, Callithrix, and Sapajus), from the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas. YFV RNA detection was positively associated with epidemic periods (especially from December to March) and the rural environment. Higher median viral genomic loads (one million times) were estimated in carcasses collected in rural areas compared to urban ones. Conclusions/Significance The results showed the wide occurrence of YF in Minas Gerais in epidemic and non-epidemic periods. According to the sylvatic pattern of YF, a gradient of viral dissemination from rural towards urban areas was observed. A high YF positivity was observed for NHP carcasses collected in urban areas with a widespread occurrence in 67 municipalities of Minas Gerais, including large urban centers. Although there was no documented case of urban/Aedes YFV transmission to humans in Brazil during the 2016–2019 outbreaks, YFV-infected NHP in urban areas with high infestation by Aedes aegypti poses risks for YFV urban/Aedes transmission and urbanization. Brazil faced the most massive sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreak in 2016–2019. The outbreak affected highly densely populated areas, and Minas Gerais was the most affected state with thousands of deaths of human and non-human primates (NHP). We investigated the yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA in NHP carcasses collected throughout Minas Gerais in 2017 and 2018. We demonstrated the wide occurrence of YFV-infected NHP, including the viral persistence during the non-epidemic dry season of 2017. YFV RNA was detected in NHP carcasses in the urban, urban-rural interface and rural areas. We have also detected new YF cases in 49 municipalities where YF cases have not been previously detected during the outbreaks. Estimates of YFV genomic load in naturally infected NHP carcasses showed high and similar loads in specimens (Alouatta, Callithrix, and Callicebus) collected in rural areas and lower genomic loads in the urban-rural interface and urban Callithrix specimens. The presence of YFV inside urban areas poses an imminent risk, although no human case was epidemiologically linked to urban/Aedes transmission during the last outbreaks in Brazil.
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Ferreguetti AC, de Oliveira ABM, Pereira BC, Santori RT, Geise L, Bergallo HG. Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Zoologia 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.37.e36846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alouatta guariba clamitans Cabrera, 1940 is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that occurs from south Bahia, Brazil, extending south to the province of Misiones, Argentina. In Rio de Janeiro state, the species was classified as threatened, indicating that attention is needed for the conservation of this taxon. Additionally, an outbreak of yellow fever spread throughout the southeastern states of Brazil from January 2017 until March 2018 seriously threatening Rio de Janeiro populations of the species. Herein, we aimed to provide the first estimates of A. g. clamitans encounter rate, density, and population size in the Ilha Grande State Park (PEIG), which is part of the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazil. Data were collected in two different periods, the first between December 2003 and May 2005, and the second from August 2009 to May 2010, and information on encounter rates and behavior was collected to better understand aspects of species' ecology. The estimated encounter rate in the first period through the distance sampling method was 0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer. Nine groups were recorded in the second period of the study, with 47 individuals along 3 km. Our estimates of encounter rate, density and population size were low and reinforces the need to initiate species monitoring and assess the impact that yellow fever outbreaks may have on PEIG populations. The results presented here can be a starting point to support future strategic actions for the species, to measure impacts and to the management of the species, and for a conservation program.
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de Abreu FVS, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Azevedo ADS, Linhares JHR, de Oliveira Santos V, Hime Miranda E, Neves MSAS, Yousfi L, Ribeiro IP, dos Santos AAC, dos Santos E, dos Santos TP, Teixeira DS, Gomes MQ, Fernandes CB, da Silva AMV, Lima MDRQ, Paupy C, Romano APM, Ano Bom APD, de Oliveira-Pinto LM, Moutailler S, Motta MDA, Castro MG, Bonaldo MC, Maria Barbosa de Lima S, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:E364. [PMID: 32224891 PMCID: PMC7232473 DOI: 10.3390/v12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015-2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region's receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - José Henrique Rezende Linhares
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Emily Hime Miranda
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Lena Yousfi
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Alexandre Araújo Cunha dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Edmilson dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil;
| | - Taissa Pereira dos Santos
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (T.P.d.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Danilo Simonini Teixeira
- Núcleo de Atendimento e Pesquisa de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Camilla Bayma Fernandes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Andrea Marques Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.d.R.Q.L.); (L.M.d.O.-P.)
| | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France; (T.P.d.S.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.B.F.); (A.M.V.d.S.); (A.P.D.A.B.)
| | - Luzia Maria de Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (M.d.R.Q.L.); (L.M.d.O.-P.)
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (L.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Monique de Albuquerque Motta
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (I.P.R.); (A.A.C.d.S.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (A.d.S.A.); (J.H.R.L.); (V.d.O.S.); (E.H.M.); (S.M.B.d.L.)
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.V.S.d.A.); (A.F.-d.-B.); (M.S.A.S.N.); (M.Q.G.); (M.d.A.M.); (M.G.C.)
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Silva NIO, Sacchetto L, de Rezende IM, Trindade GDS, LaBeaud AD, de Thoisy B, Drumond BP. Recent sylvatic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil: the news from an old disease. Virol J 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 31973727 PMCID: PMC6979359 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral disease, affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite the existence of a safe vaccine, YF continues to cause morbidity and mortality in thousands of people in Africa and South America. Since 2016, massive YF outbreaks have taken place in Brazil, reaching YF-free zones, causing thousands of deaths of humans and NHP. Here we reviewed the main epidemiological aspects, new clinical findings in humans, and issues regarding YFV infection in vectors and NHP in Brazil. The 2016-2019 YF epidemics have been considered the most significant outbreaks of the last 70 years in the country, and the number of human cases was 2.8 times higher than total cases in the previous 36 years. A new YFV lineage was associated with the recent outbreaks, with persistent circulation in Southeast Brazil until 2019. Due to the high number of infected patients, it was possible to evaluate severity and death predictors and new clinical features of YF. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus were considered the primary vectors during the outbreaks, and no human case suggested the occurrence of the urban transmission cycle. YFV was detected in a variety of NHP specimens presenting viscerotropic disease, similar to that described experimentally. Further studies regarding NHP sensitivity to YFV, YF pathogenesis, and the duration of the immune response in NHP could contribute to YF surveillance, control, and future strategies for NHP conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Almeida MABD, Santos ED, Cardoso JDC, Noll CA, Lima MDM, Silva FDAE, Ferreira MS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Bicca-Marques JC. Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non-human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:211-217. [PMID: 31032984 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wild Alouatta caraya populations in forests in southern Brazil. METHODS We collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests. RESULTS Viral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs. CONCLUSIONS Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Barreto de Almeida
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jáder da Cruz Cardoso
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Noll
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Moura Lima
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
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de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Ferreira-de-Brito A, dos Santos AAC, de Miranda RM, Bonelly IDS, Neves MSAS, Bersot MI, dos Santos TP, Gomes MQ, da Silva JL, Romano APM, Carvalho RG, Said RFDC, Ribeiro MS, Laperrière RDC, Fonseca EOL, Falqueto A, Paupy C, Failloux AB, Moutailler S, de Castro MG, Gómez MM, Motta MDA, Bonaldo MC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:218-231. [PMID: 30866775 PMCID: PMC6455131 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1568180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iule de Souza Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Bersot
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Silva
- Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberta Gomes Carvalho
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Sergio Ribeiro
- Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Costa Laperrière
- Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Possas C, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Tauil PL, Pinheiro FDP, Pissinatti A, da Cunha RV, Freire M, Martins RM, Homma A. Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: the puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180278. [PMID: 30427974 PMCID: PMC6135548 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the complex eco-social factors involved in the puzzle of the unexpected rapid viral spread in the ongoing Brazilian yellow fever (YF) outbreak, which has increased the reurbanisation risk of a disease without urban cases in Brazil since 1942. Indeed, this rapid spatial viral dissemination to the Southeast and South regions, now circulating in the Atlantic Forest fragments close to peri-urban areas of the main Brazilian megalopolises (São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) has led to an exponential increase in the number of yellow fever cases. In less than 18 months, 1,833 confirmed cases and 578 deaths were recorded most of them reported in the Southeast region (99,9%). Large epizooties in monkeys and other non-human primates (NHPs) were communicated in the country with 732 YF virus (YFV) laboratory confirmed events only in the 2017/2018 monitoring period. We also discuss the peculiarities and similarities of the current outbreak when compared with previous great epidemics, examining several hypotheses to explain the recent unexpected acceleration of epizootic waves in the sylvatic cycle of the YFV together with the role of human, NHPs and mosquito mobility with respect to viral spread. We conclude that the most feasible hypothesis to explain this rapidity would be related to human behavior combined with ecological changes that promoted a significant increase in mosquito and NHP densities and their contacts with humans. We emphasize the urgent need for an adequate response to this outbreak such as extending immunisation coverage to the whole Brazilian population and developing novel strategies for immunisation of NHPs confined in selected reserve areas and zoos. Finally, we stress the urgent need to improve the quality of response in order to prevent future outbreaks and a catastrophic reurbanisation of the disease in Brazil and other South American countries. Continuous monitoring of YFV receptivity and vulnerability conditions with effective control of the urban vector Aedes aegypti and significant investments in YF vaccine production capacity and research and development for reduction of adverse effects are of the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Possas
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Tauil
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Freire
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Akira Homma
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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11
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Chippaux JP, Chippaux A. Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:20. [PMID: 30158957 PMCID: PMC6109282 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever was transported during the slave trade in the 15th and 16th centuries from Africa to the Americas where the virus encountered favorable ecological conditions that allowed creation of a sustainable sylvatic cycle. Despite effective vector control and immunization programs for nearly a century, yellow fever epidemics reemerged in many Latin American countries, particularly Brazil. The emergence or reemergence of vector-borne diseases encompasses many intricate factors. Yellow fever outbreaks occur if at least three conditions are fulfilled: the introduction of the virus into a non-immune human community, presence of competent and anthropophilic vectors and insufficiency of prevention and/or adequate management of the growing outbreak. On the other hand, two weapons are available to constrain yellow fever: vector control and immunization. In contrast, yellow fever is absent from Asia and the Pacific despite the presence of the vector and the susceptibility of human populations to the virus. Based on a review of the global history of yellow fever and its epidemiology, the authors deliver some recommendations for improving the prevention of epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- UMR216, Mother and child facing tropical diseases, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alain Chippaux
- Société de Pathologie Exotique, Hôpital Salpêtrière, BP50082, 75622 Paris cedex 13; 18 rue Princesse, 75006 Paris, France
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Moreno ES, Agostini I, Holzmann I, Di Bitetti MS, Oklander LI, Kowalewski MM, Beldomenico PM, Goenaga S, Martínez M, Lestani E, Desbiez ALJ, Miller P. Yellow fever impact on brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Argentina: a metamodelling approach based on population viability analysis and epidemiological dynamics. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:865-76. [PMID: 26517499 PMCID: PMC4660615 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In South America, yellow fever (YF) is an established infectious disease that has been identified outside of its traditional endemic areas, affecting human and nonhuman primate (NHP) populations. In the epidemics that occurred in Argentina between 2007-2009, several outbreaks affecting humans and howler monkeys (Alouatta spp) were reported, highlighting the importance of this disease in the context of conservation medicine and public health policies. Considering the lack of information about YF dynamics in New World NHP, our main goal was to apply modelling tools to better understand YF transmission dynamics among endangered brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) populations in northeastern Argentina. Two complementary modelling tools were used to evaluate brown howler population dynamics in the presence of the disease: Vortex, a stochastic demographic simulation model, and Outbreak, a stochastic disease epidemiology simulation. The baseline model of YF disease epidemiology predicted a very high probability of population decline over the next 100 years. We believe the modelling approach discussed here is a reasonable description of the disease and its effects on the howler monkey population and can be useful to support evidence-based decision-making to guide actions at a regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Agostini
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Ingrid Holzmann
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mario S Di Bitetti
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Luciana I Oklander
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Martín M Kowalewski
- Estación Biológica de Corrientes, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Beldomenico
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina Goenaga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas Dr Julio I Maiztegui, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Martínez
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Lestani
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | - Philip Miller
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Apple Valley, MN, USA
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Almeida MABD, Santos ED, Cardoso JDC, Fonseca DFD, Noll CA, Silveira VR, Maeda AY, Souza RPD, Kanamura C, Brasil RA. Yellow fever outbreak affecting Alouatta populations in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State), 2008-2009. Am J Primatol 2011; 74:68-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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