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Kingsbury JM, Horn B, Armstrong B, Midwinter A, Biggs P, Callander M, Mulqueen K, Brooks M, van der Logt P, Biggs R. The impact of primary and secondary processing steps on Campylobacter concentrations on chicken carcasses and portions. Food Microbiol 2023; 110:104168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jibril AH, Okeke IN, Dalsgaard A, Kudirkiene E, Akinlabi OC, Bello MB, Olsen JE. Prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella in commercial poultry farms in Nigeria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238190. [PMID: 32966297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important human pathogen and poultry products constitute an important source of human infections. This study investigated prevalence; identified serotypes based on whole genome sequence, described spatial distribution of Salmonella serotypes and predicted risk factors that could influence the prevalence of Salmonella infection in commercial poultry farms in Nigeria. A cross sectional approach was employed to collect 558 pooled shoe socks and dust samples from 165 commercial poultry farms in North West Nigeria. On-farm visitation questionnaires were administered to obtain information on farm management practices in order to assess risk factors for Salmonella prevalence. Salmonella was identified by culture, biotyping, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR confirmed isolates were paired-end Illumina- sequenced. Following de novo genome assembly, draft genomes were used to obtain serotypes by SeqSero2 and SISTR pipeline and sequence types by SISTR and Enterobase. Risk factor analysis was performed using the logit model. A farm prevalence of 47.9% (CI95 [40.3-55.5]) for Salmonella was observed, with a sample level prevalence of 15.9% (CI95 [12.9-18.9]). Twenty-three different serotypes were identified, with S. Kentucky and S. Isangi as the most prevalent (32.9% and 11%). Serotypes showed some geographic variation. Salmonella detection was strongly associated with disposal of poultry waste and with presence of other livestock on the farm. Salmonella was commonly detected on commercial poultry farms in North West Nigeria and S. Kentucky was found to be ubiquitous in the farms.
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Sodagari HR, Wang P, Robertson I, Habib I, Sahibzada S. Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human-Food-of-Animal-Origin Interface in Australia. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1192. [PMID: 32674371 PMCID: PMC7401514 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen that plays a significant role in foodborne human salmonellosis worldwide through the consumption of contaminated foods, particularly those of animal origin. Despite a considerable reduction in human salmonellosis outbreaks in developed countries, Australia is experiencing a continuous rise of such outbreaks in humans. This review of the literature highlights the reported non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in humans as well as the occurrence of the pathogen in foods from animal sources throughout Australia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections from food animals are more often associated with at-risk people, such as immunocompromised and aged people or children. Although several animal-sourced foods were recognised as the catalysts for salmonellosis outbreaks in Australia, egg and egg-based products remained the most implicated foods in the reported outbreaks. This review further highlights the antimicrobial resistance trends of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates at the human-food interface, with a focus on clinically important antimicrobials in humans, by collating evidence from previous investigations in Australia. The rise in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella, especially to antimicrobials commonly prescribed to treat human salmonellosis, has become a significant global public health concern. However, the overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Australia is considerably lower than in other parts of the world, particularly in terms of critically important antimicrobials for the treatment of human salmonellosis. The present review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of non-typhoidal Salmonella with emphasis on the past few decades in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sodagari
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Ian Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
| | - Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, UAE
| | - Shafi Sahibzada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia; (H.R.S.); (P.W.); (I.R.)
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Habib I, Coles J, Fallows M, Goodchild S. Human campylobacteriosis related to cross-contamination during handling of raw chicken meat: Application of quantitative risk assessment to guide intervention scenarios analysis in the Australian context. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 332:108775. [PMID: 32645510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a methodology used to organize and analyze scientific information to both estimate the probability and severity of an adverse event as well as prioritize efforts to reduce the risk of foodborne pathogens. No QMRA efforts have been applied to Campylobacter in the Australian chicken meat sector. Hence, we present a QMRA model of human campylobacteriosis related to the occurrence of cross-contamination while handling raw chicken meat in Western Australia (WA). This work fills a gap in Campylobacter risk characterization in Australia and enables benchmarking against risk assessments undertaken in other countries. The model predicted the average probability of the occurrence of illness per serving of salad that became cross-contaminated from being handled following the handling of fresh chicken meat as 7.0 × 10-4 (90% Confidence Interval [CI] ± 4.7 × 10-5). The risk assessment model was utilized to estimate the likely impact of intervention scenarios on the predicted probability of illness (campylobacteriosis) per serving. Predicted relative risk reductions following changes in the retail prevalence of Campylobacter were proportional to the percentage desired in the reduction scenario; a target that is aiming to reduce the current baseline prevalence of Campylobacter in retail chicken by 30% is predicted to yield approximately 30% relative risk reduction. A simulated one-log reduction in the mean concentration of Campylobacter is anticipated to generate approximately 20% relative risk reductions. Relative risk reduction induced by a one-log decrease in the mean was equally achieved when the tail of the input distribution was affected-that is, by a change (one-log reduction) in the standard deviation of the baseline Campylobacter concentration. A scenario assuming a 5% point decrease in baseline probability of cross-contamination at the consumer phase would yield relative risk reductions of 14%, which is as effective as the impact of a strategic target of 10% reduction in the retail prevalence of Campylobacter. In conclusion, the present model simulates the probability of illness predicted for an average individual who consumes salad that has been cross-contaminated with Campylobacter from retail chicken meat in WA. Despite some uncertainties, this is the first attempt to utilize the QMRA approach as a scientific basis to guide risk managers toward implementing strategies to reduce the risk of human campylobacteriosis in an Australian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 ElHoreya Road, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - John Coles
- Department of Health Western Australia, 189 Royal Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia
| | - Mark Fallows
- Department of Health Western Australia, 189 Royal Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia
| | - Stan Goodchild
- Department of Health Western Australia, 189 Royal Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6004, Australia
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Walker LJ, Wallace RL, Smith JJ, Graham T, Saputra T, Symes S, Stylianopoulos A, Polkinghorne BG, Kirk MD, Glass K. Prevalence of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Retail Chicken, Beef, Lamb, and Pork Products in Three Australian States. J Food Prot 2019; 82:2126-2134. [PMID: 31729918 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Campylobacter species in a variety of fresh and frozen meat and offal products collected from retail outlets in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld), and Victoria (Vic). A total of 1,490 chicken, beef, lamb, and pork samples were collected from Australian supermarkets and butcher shops over a 2-year sampling period (October 2016 to October 2018). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 90% of chicken meat and 73% of chicken offal products (giblet and liver), with significantly lower prevalence in lamb (38%), pork (31%), and beef (14%) offal (kidney and liver). Although retail chicken meat was frequently contaminated with Campylobacter, the level of contamination was generally low. Where quantitative analysis was conducted, 98% of chicken meat samples, on average, had <10,000 CFU Campylobacter per carcass, with 10% <21 CFU per carcass. Campylobacter coli was the most frequently recovered species in chicken meat collected in NSW (53%) and Vic (56%) and in chicken offal collected in NSW (77%), Qld (59%), and Vic (58%). In beef, lamb, and pork offal, C. jejuni was generally the most common species (50 to 86%), with the exception of pork offal collected in NSW, where C. coli was more prevalent (69%). Campylobacter prevalence was significantly higher in fresh lamb (46%) and pork (31%) offal than in frozen offal (17 and 11%, respectively). For chicken, beef, and pork offal, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly higher on delicatessen products compared with prepackaged products. This study demonstrated that meat and offal products are frequently contaminated with Campylobacter. However, the prevalence is markedly different in different meats, and the level of chicken meat portion contamination is generally low. By identifying the types of meat and offal products types that pose the greatest risk of Campylobacter infection to consumers, targeted control strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz J Walker
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Rhiannon L Wallace
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - James J Smith
- Queensland Health, Food Safety Standards and Regulation, Health Protection Branch, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Trudy Graham
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Themy Saputra
- New South Wales Food Authority, Sydney, New South Wales 2127, Australia
| | - Sally Symes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin G Polkinghorne
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Martyn D Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
| | - Kathryn Glass
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-7604 [R.L.W.]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1310 [K.G.])
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Chousalkar K, Sims S, McWhorter A, Khan S, Sexton M. The Effect of Sanitizers on Microbial Levels of Chicken Meat Collected from Commercial Processing Plants. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16234807. [PMID: 31795463 PMCID: PMC6926933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chicken meat can potentially become contaminated with bacteria at the processing plant. In Australia, there is currently a lack of knowledge on the parameters and indications of use of non-chlorine based treatments in the chicken meat processing plants. Chlorine is widely used as a sanitizer in Australian chicken meat processing plants but due to occupational health and safety concerns and consumer perception, there is a need to identify alternative sanitizers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of four different sanitizers in reducing the microbial load from naturally contaminated chicken meat carcasses collected from the processing plants in South Australia. There was a significant variation in a load of Campylobacter and total viable count (TVC) between samples collected from two different processing plants and within carcass batches collected from the same plant that was tested during the study. All sanitizers generally reduced the load of Campylobacter on chicken meat carcasses. Treatment with acidified sodium chlorite significantly reduced the level of Salmonella enterica serovars at all temperatures tested during this study. These findings are helpful to the industry for selection of the appropriate sanitizers. Findings are also useful for the regulatory authorities in Australia for providing approval for the use of sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (S.S.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-1502
| | - Sarah Sims
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (S.S.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Andrea McWhorter
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (S.S.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia; (S.S.); (A.M.); (S.K.)
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Ferrari RG, Rosario DKA, Cunha-Neto A, Mano SB, Figueiredo EES, Conte-Junior CA. Worldwide Epidemiology of Salmonella Serovars in Animal-Based Foods: a Meta-analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00591-19. [PMID: 31053586 PMCID: PMC6606869 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are among the most important foodborne pathogens and the third leading cause of human death among diarrheal diseases worldwide. Animals are the primary source of this pathogen, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Thus, understanding the global epidemiology of Salmonella serovars is key to controlling and monitoring this bacterium. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars in animal-based foods (beef, pork, poultry, and seafood) throughout the five continents (Africa, the Americas [North and Latin America], Asia, Europe, and Oceania). The meta-analysis consisted of a chemometric assessment (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) to identify the main epidemiological findings, including the prevalence and diversity of the Salmonella serovars in each matrix. Regarding the serovar distribution, S Typhimurium presented a cosmopolitan distribution, reported in all four assessed matrices and continents; poultry continues to play a central role in the dissemination of the Enteritidis serovar to humans, and Anatum and Weltevreden were the most frequently found in beef and seafood, respectively. Additionally, we recommended careful monitoring of certain serovars, such as Derby, Agona, Infantis, and Kentucky. Finally, given the scientific data regarding the most frequently reported serovars and which matrices constitute the main vehicles for the transmission of this pathogen, control programs may be improved, and specific interventions may be implemented in an attempt to reduce the risk of this pathogen reaching humans.IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella spp. and is the third leading cause of death among food-transmitted diseases. This pathogen is commonly disseminated in domestic and wild animals, and the infection's symptoms are characterized by acute fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The animals are the primary source of salmonellae, and animal-based foods are the main transmission route to humans. Therefore, data collected from these sources could contribute to future global interventions for effective control and surveillance of Salmonella along the food chain. In light of this, the importance of our research is in identifying the prevalence of Salmonella serovars in four animal-based food matrices (pork, poultry, beef, and seafood) and to evaluate the importance that each matrix has as the primary source of this pathogen to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela G Ferrari
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denes K A Rosario
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sérgio B Mano
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E S Figueiredo
- Animal Science Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Food Science Program, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Habib I, Coles J, Fallows M, Goodchild S. A Baseline Quantitative Survey of Campylobacter spp. on Retail Chicken Portions and Carcasses in Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:180-186. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - John Coles
- Department of Health Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark Fallows
- Department of Health Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House, Perth, Australia
| | - Stan Goodchild
- Department of Health Western Australia, Grace Vaughan House, Perth, Australia
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Fu X, Chen J. A Review of Hyperspectral Imaging for Chicken Meat Safety and Quality Evaluation: Application, Hardware, and Software. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:535-547. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaping Fu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation; Zhejiang Sci-Tech Univ.; 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Jinchao Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation; Zhejiang Sci-Tech Univ.; 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone Hangzhou 310018 China
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Mallhi IY, Sohaib M, Khan AU, Nawaz M, Abdullah. Evaluating food safety knowledge, practices, and microbial profile of meat in abattoirs and butchery shops in Lahore, Pakistan. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Younis Mallhi
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
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Nohra A, Grinberg A, Midwinter AC, Marshall JC, Collins-Emerson JM, French NP. Exposure to whole chicken carcasses may present a greater risk of campylobacteriosis compared to exposure to chicken drumsticks. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:822-830. [PMID: 29998484 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In New Zealand, the major risk factor for campylobacteriosis has been identified as poultry consumption. New Zealanders consume different types of chicken meat which undergo different processing before entering the retail chain. The manipulations and jointing of chicken carcasses into pieces and the subsequent processing and packaging have the potential to cross-contaminate and reshuffle bacterial pathogens among the different products sold. The aim of this study was to analyse: (a) the differences in the viable count and population genetic structure between Campylobacter isolated from chicken drumsticks and whole carcass meat for retail sale over a 1-year period; and (b) the genetic relatedness of human and chicken isolates collected concurrently. Enumeration of Campylobacter was performed using a spiral plater combined with manual spread plating. Campylobacter isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction and typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). C. jejuni was the dominant species among both whole carcasses (63.5%) and drumsticks samples (73.8%), followed by C. coli (27% and 23.1%, respectively). After sample weight adjustment, whole carcasses showed significantly higher Campylobacter counts than drumsticks, with a significant difference in the counts between the commercial suppliers in both types of retail meat. MLST revealed 28 different sequence types among the two types of meat. Using permutational multivariate analysis of variance, statistically significant differences in the population genetic structures were observed between different suppliers but were not observed between the two types of chicken retail meat. In conclusion, we found differences in Campylobacter viable counts, suggesting consumption of whole carcasses may determine an exposure to a higher number of Campylobacter bacteria than consumption of chicken drumsticks. The Campylobacter population genetic structure did not differ between the two types of chicken retail meat. Therefore, source attribution studies based on MLST are unlikely to be biased by the selection of these types of retail meat during sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Nohra
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alex Grinberg
- Infectious Diseases Group, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C Marshall
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Julie M Collins-Emerson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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12
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Cooper C, Moore SC, Moore RJ, Chandry PS, Fegan N. Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae serovar Sofia, a prevalent serovar in Australian broiler chickens, is also capable of transient colonisation in layers. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:270-277. [PMID: 29493264 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1447083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae serovar sofia (S. sofia) is a prevalent strain of Salmonella in Australian broilers and has been isolated from broiler chickens, litter, dust, as well as pre- and post-processing carcasses, and retail chicken portions but has never been reported in commercial Australian layers or eggs. 2. To investigate whether a S. sofia isolate from a broiler could colonise layers, one-month-old Hyline brown layers were orally inoculated with S. sofia and colonisation was monitored for 2-4 weeks. 3. Overall, 30-40% of the chickens shed S. sofia from the cloaca between 6 and 14 d post-inoculation which then declined to 10% by d 21. Necropsy at 2 weeks post-inoculation revealed 80% of birds harboured S. sofia in the caecum, whilst, by 4 weeks post-infection, no chickens were colonised with S. sofia in the gastrointestinal tract, liver or spleen. Additionally, no aerosol 'bird to bird' transfer was evident. 4. This study demonstrated that laying hens can be colonised by broiler-derived S. sofia; however, this colonisation was transient, reaching a peak at 14 d post-inoculation, and was completely cleared by 28 d post-inoculation. The transience of colonisation of S. sofia in layers could be a factor explaining why S. sofia has never been detected when screening for Salmonella serotypes found in Australian laying hens or eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean C Moore
- b CSIRO Agriculture & Food , Werribee , Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- c School of Science , RMIT University , Bundoora , Australia
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Martinez-Anton L, Marenda M, Firestone SM, Bushell RN, Child G, Hamilton AI, Long SN, Le Chevoir MAR. Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:352-360. [PMID: 29356096 PMCID: PMC5787210 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) is an immune‐mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in humans, in which the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter spp. now is considered to be a major triggering agent. Little information is available concerning the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To estimate the association between Campylobacter spp. infection and APN. Associations with additional potential risk factors also were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken. Animals Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client‐owned or owned by staff members. Methods Case‐control study with incidence density‐based sampling. Fecal samples were collected from each enrolled animal to perform direct culture, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Campylobacter spp. In some cases, species identification was performed by sequence analysis of the amplicon. Data were obtained from the medical records and owner questionnaires in both groups. Results In cases in which the fecal sample was collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp compared to control dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Raw chicken consumption is a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martinez-Anton
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M Marenda
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S M Firestone
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - R N Bushell
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - G Child
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A I Hamilton
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S N Long
- Centre for Animal Referral & Emergency, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M A R Le Chevoir
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Guran HS, Mann D, Alali WQ. Salmonella prevalence associated with chicken parts with and without skin from retail establishments in Atlanta metropolitan area, Georgia. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Glass K, Fearnley E, Hocking H, Raupach J, Veitch M, Ford L, Kirk MD. Bayesian Source Attribution of Salmonellosis in South Australia. Risk Anal 2016; 36:561-570. [PMID: 26133008 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a significant cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in Australia, and rates of illness have increased over recent years. We adopt a Bayesian source attribution model to estimate the contribution of different animal reservoirs to illness due to Salmonella spp. in South Australia between 2000 and 2010, together with 95% credible intervals (CrI). We excluded known travel associated cases and those of rare subtypes (fewer than 20 human cases or fewer than 10 isolates from included sources over the 11-year period), and the remaining 76% of cases were classified as sporadic or outbreak associated. Source-related parameters were included to allow for different handling and consumption practices. We attributed 35% (95% CrI: 20-49) of sporadic cases to chicken meat and 37% (95% CrI: 23-53) of sporadic cases to eggs. Of outbreak-related cases, 33% (95% CrI: 20-62) were attributed to chicken meat and 59% (95% CrI: 29-75) to eggs. A comparison of alternative model assumptions indicated that biases due to possible clustering of samples from sources had relatively minor effects on these estimates. Analysis of source-related parameters showed higher risk of illness from contaminated eggs than from contaminated chicken meat, suggesting that consumption and handling practices potentially play a bigger role in illness due to eggs, considering low Salmonella prevalence on eggs. Our results strengthen the evidence that eggs and chicken meat are important vehicles for salmonellosis in South Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Glass
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - E Fearnley
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Communicable Disease Control Branch, South Australian Department for Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - H Hocking
- Australian Salmonella Reference Centre, S.A. Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Raupach
- Communicable Disease Control Branch, South Australian Department for Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - M Veitch
- Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - L Ford
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - M D Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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16
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Huang J, Zong Q, Zhao F, Zhu J, Jiao X. Quantitative surveys of Salmonella and Campylobacter on retail raw chicken in Yangzhou, China. Food Control 2016; 59:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Beski SSM, Swick RA, Iji PA. Effect of dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma on performance, some physiological and immunological response of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella sofia. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:957-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. M. Beski
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - R. A. Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - P. A. Iji
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
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18
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Jarquin C, Alvarez D, Morales O, Morales AJ, López B, Donado P, Valencia MF, Arévalo A, Muñoz F, Walls I, Doyle MP, Alali WQ. Salmonella on Raw Poultry in Retail Markets in Guatemala: Levels, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Serovar Distribution. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1642-50. [PMID: 26319717 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine Salmonella numbers on retail raw chicken carcasses in Guatemala and to phenotypically characterize the isolates (serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility). In total, 300 chicken carcasses were collected from seven departments in Guatemala. Salmonella numbers were determined using the most-probable-number method following the U. S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service protocol. In total, 103 isolates were obtained, all of which were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, whereas 46 isolates were serotyped. Overall, Salmonella prevalence and mean number (mean log most probable number per carcass) was 34.3% and 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.1 to 2.5), respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence were found by storage condition (refrigerated or ambient temperature), market type (wet markets, supermarkets, and independent poultry stores), chicken production system (integrated or nonintegrated production company), and chicken skin color (white or yellow). Chickens produced by integrated companies had lower Salmonella numbers (P < 0.05) than nonintegrated companies, and white-skin carcasses had lower numbers (P < 0.05) than yellow-skin carcasses. Among 13 different Salmonella serovars identified, Paratyphi B (34.8%) was most prevalent, followed by Heidelberg (16.3%) and Derby (11.6%). Of all the Salmonella isolates, 59.2% were resistant to one to three antibiotics and 13.6% to four or more antibiotics. Among all the serovars obtained, Salmonella Paratyphi B and Heidelberg were the most resistant to the antibiotics tested. Salmonella levels and antibiotic resistant profiles among isolates from raw poultry at the retail market level were high relative to other reports from North and South America. These data can be used by Guatemalan stakeholders to develop risk assessment models and support further research opportunities to control transmission of Salmonella spp. and antibiotic-resistant isolates from chicken meat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jarquin
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Danilo Alvarez
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Oneida Morales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ana Judith Morales
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Beatriz López
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Pilar Donado
- Corporacíon Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Km 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Maria F Valencia
- Corporacíon Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Km 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arévalo
- Corporacíon Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Km 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Fredy Muñoz
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Isabel Walls
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA
| | - Walid Q Alali
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA.
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Duffy LL, Blackall PJ, Cobbold RN, Fegan N. Mapping the carriage of flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism Campylobacter genotypes on poultry carcasses through the processing chain and comparison to clinical isolates. Food Microbiol 2015; 48:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Lambertini E, Buchanan RL, Narrod C, Pradhan AK. Transmission of Bacterial Zoonotic Pathogens between Pets and Humans: The Role of Pet Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:364-418. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.902356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Donado-Godoy P, Byrne BA, León M, Castellanos R, Vanegas C, Coral A, Arevalo A, Clavijo V, Vargas M, Romero Zuñiga JJ, Tafur M, Pérez-Gutierrez E, Smith WA. Prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from retail chicken meat in Colombia. J Food Prot 2015; 78:751-9. [PMID: 25836401 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), this study aimed to establish the baseline antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella serovars, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolates in retail poultry meat from independent stores and from a main chain distributor center. MICs of the isolates were determined for antimicrobials used both in humans and animals, using an automated system. Salmonella serovars were isolated from 26% of the meat samples and E. coli from 83%, whereas Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were detected in 81 and 13% of the meat samples, respectively. A principal finding of concern in this study was that almost 98% of isolates tested were multidrug resistant. Ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were the antimicrobials that showed the highest frequency of resistance among Salmonella and E. coli isolates. For enterococci, 61.5% of E. faecium isolates were found to be resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin; this is significant because it is used to treat nosocomial infections when vancomycin resistance is present. Vancomycin resistance was detected in 4% of the E. faecalis isolates. The results of our study highlight the need for rapid implementation of an integrated program for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by the Colombian authorities in order to monitor trends, raise awareness, and help promote practices to safeguard later generation antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Donado-Godoy
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilometro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Maribel León
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 No. 17-81, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Castellanos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilometro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Vanegas
- Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana y de Alimentos (LEMA), Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana Coral
- Carulla S.A. Laboratorio de Calidad, Carrera 68 D No. 21-35, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arevalo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilometro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria (CBB), Kilometro 14, Vía Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mercedes Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos, Carrera 68 D No. 17-11/21, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan J Romero Zuñiga
- Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, P.O. Box 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - McAllister Tafur
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 No. 17-81, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Enrique Pérez-Gutierrez
- Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, 525 Twenty-third Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Woutrina A Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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22
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Carrillo CD, Plante D, Iugovaz I, Kenwell R, Bélanger G, Boucher F, Poulin N, Trottier YL. Method-dependent variability in determination of prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Canadian retail poultry. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1682-8. [PMID: 25285484 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Canada, and the illness is commonly associated with poultry consumption. Whereas Canadian retail poultry is often contaminated with campylobacters, studies on the prevalence of this organism are inconsistent due to variability in sampling and microbiological methodology. To determine the current microbiological status of Canadian poultry, and to evaluate two commonly used microbiological methods, 348 raw poultry samples were collected at retail across Canada over a period of 3 years (2007 to 2010) and were analyzed for the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter species. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found to be 42.8% by a combination of the two testing methods, with 33.9% of the samples positive for C. jejuni, 3.7% of the samples positive for C. coli, and 5.2% of the samples positive for both. Variability in Campylobacter spp. prevalence was observed in samples obtained from different regions across Canada and from poultry with or without skin, but this was not statistically significant. In co-contaminated samples, C. jejuni was preferentially recovered from Preston agar compared with mCCDA and Campy-Cefex agar, with an increase in recovery of C. coli on all selective media after 48 h of enrichment. A subset of 214 of the poultry rinses were analyzed by both Health Canada's standard method, MFLP-46 (enrichment in Park and Sanders broth), and a second method requiring enrichment in Bolton broth. Significantly more positive samples were obtained with the MFLP-46 method (40.6%) than with the alternate method (35.0%). This improved recovery with MFLP-46 may be due to the omission of cycloheximide from this method. These results demonstrate that determination of prevalence of Campylobacter spp. on poultry products may be significantly impacted by the choice of microbiological methods used. Canadian poultry continues to be a source of exposure to Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Carrillo
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 960 Carling Avenue Bldg # 22, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6.
| | - Daniel Plante
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
| | - Irène Iugovaz
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
| | - Robyn Kenwell
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Ghislaine Bélanger
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
| | - Francine Boucher
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
| | - Nathalie Poulin
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
| | - Yvon-Louis Trottier
- Health Canada, Québec Region, 1001 Saint-Laurent Street West, Longueuil, Québec, Canada J4K 1C7
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Odwar JA, Kikuvi G, Kariuki JN, Kariuki S. A cross-sectional study on the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meats sold in Nairobi, Kenya. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:627. [PMID: 25204564 PMCID: PMC4167279 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken is a rich source of meat protein and is increasingly being consumed in urban areas in Kenya. However, under poor hygienic environment, raw chicken meat presents an ideal substrate supporting the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Coliform bacteria indicating the potential presence of other pathogenic bacteria; this may constitute a major source of food-borne illnesses in humans. This study sought to assess the microbiological quality and safety of raw chicken meat sold in Nairobi, Kenya by determining the E. coli/coliform contamination levels as well as the antimicrobial resistance patterns and pathogenicity of E. coli isolated. FINDINGS We conducted a Cross-sectional study to collect two hundred raw chicken samples that were randomly purchased between the periods of August 2011-February 2012. Enumeration of bacteria was done using 3 M Petri film E. coli/Coliform count plates, isolation and identification of E. coli through standard cultural and biochemical testing, antimicrobial susceptibilities interpreted according to criteria set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2012) while Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine presence of virulence genes in isolated E. coli. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Contamination rates were 97% and 78% respectively for Coliform bacteria and E. coli. Seventy six percent of samples fell under the unacceptable microbial count limit (>100 cfu/ml) and significant differences in the E. coli/coliform counts (p < 0.001) were observed among the chicken retail outlets with samples from supermarkets having the lowest level of contamination compared to the rest of the retail outlets. Seventy five percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested with resistance to tetracycline being the highest at 60.3%. In addition 40.4% E. coli isolates were positive for the ten virulence genes tested. CONCLUSION Raw retail chicken meats in Nairobi are not only highly contaminated, but also with potentially pathogenic and multi-drug resistant strains of E. coli. It will be important for public health authorities and retail chicken processing outlets to collaborate in ensuring adherence to set out principles of hygienic processing and handling of chicken meats in order to reduce potential risks of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Arua Odwar
- />Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000–00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gideon Kikuvi
- />Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000–00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Ngumo Kariuki
- />Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 20752–00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- />Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O Box 43640–00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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24
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Kurekci C, Al Jassim R, Hassan E, Bishop-Hurley SL, Padmanabha J, McSweeney CS. Effects of feeding plant-derived agents on the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2337-46. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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25
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Donado-Godoy P, Clavijo V, León M, Arevalo A, Castellanos R, Bernal J, Tafur MA, Ovalle MV, Alali WQ, Hume M, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Walls I, Doyle MP. Counts, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Salmonella on raw chicken meat at retail in Colombia. J Food Prot 2014; 77:227-35. [PMID: 24490916 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine Salmonella counts, serovars, and antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes on retail raw chicken carcasses in Colombia. A total of 301 chicken carcasses were collected from six departments (one city per department) in Colombia. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella counts using the most-probable-number method as recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service protocol. A total of 378 isolates (268 from our previous study) were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The overall Salmonella count (mean log most probable number per carcass ± 95% confidence interval) and prevalence were 2.1 (2.0 to 2.3) and 37%, respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) by Salmonella levels (i.e., counts and prevalence) by storage temperature (i.e., frozen, chilled, or ambient), retail store type (wet markets, supermarkets, and independent markets), and poultry company (chicken produced by integrated or nonintegrated company). Frozen chicken had the lowest Salmonella levels compared with chicken stored at other temperatures, chickens from wet markets had higher levels than those from other retail store types, and chicken produced by integrated companies had lower levels than nonintegrated companies. Thirty-one Salmonella serovars were identified among 378 isolates, with Salmonella Paratyphi B tartrate-positive (i.e., Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+) the most prevalent (44.7%), followed by Heidelberg (19%), Enteritidis (17.7%), Typhimurium (5.3%), and Anatum (2.1%). Of all the Salmonella isolates, 35.2% were resistant to 1 to 5 antimicrobial agents, 24.6% to 6 to 10, and 33.9% to 11 to 15. Among all the serovars obtained, Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg were the most antimicrobial resistant. Salmonella prevalence was determined to be high, whereas cell numbers were relatively low. These data can be used in developing risk assessment models for preventing the transmission of Salmonella from chicken to humans in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Donado-Godoy
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Viviana Clavijo
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Maribel León
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 No. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Arevalo
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Castellanos
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Johan Bernal
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mc Allister Tafur
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Carrera 41 No. 17-81, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Maria Victoria Ovalle
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Walid Q Alali
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA.
| | - Michael Hume
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Animal Protection Research Laboratory, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Juan Jose Romero-Zuñiga
- Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Programa de Investigación en Medicina Poblacional Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, P.O. Box 304-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Isabel Walls
- United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA
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Smadi H, Sargeant JM. Review of Canadian literature to estimate risks associated with Salmonella in broilers from retail to consumption in Canadian homes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:694-705. [PMID: 23638930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.555017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to review the literature related to the risk of salmonellosis from chicken consumed in private homes in Canada. The pathway of concern was retail-to-consumption at private homes due to the direct link between this pathway and public health. A qualitative review was conducted by searching Canadian governmental agencies' webpages, published peer-reviewed journals, and by contacting experts in the field. Overall, with the data available, estimating risk from Salmonella in chicken breasts using only Canadian information was limited. Enumeration data for Salmonella in retail raw chicken at different regions across Canada are needed to be able to generalize the risk of salmonellosis in the Canadian population. Few Canadian surveys were found to describe consumers' food safety behaviors at Canadians' private homes. Observational designs to study food safety practices and Canadian consumers' behavior in private kitchens are needed to ensure that consumer behavior is consistent with consumer perceptions of their behavior. The results of such studies will give valuable input for designing educational programs needed to increase awareness of safe food handling practices by Canadian consumers when preparing food at their homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Smadi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Kurekci C, Padmanabha J, Bishop-Hurley SL, Hassan E, Al Jassim RAM, McSweeney CS. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against Campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:450-7. [PMID: 24041998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (EOs: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and Leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of Campylobacter jejuni (ACM 3393 and the poultry isolate C338), Campylobacter coli and other Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Different formulations of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tested for synergistic interaction against all organisms. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the use of disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. All EOs tested were found to have strong antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter spp. with inhibitory concentrations in the range 0.001-1% (v/v). Among the single compounds, terpinen-4-ol showed the highest activity against Campylobacter spp. and other reference strains. Based on the antimicrobial activity and potential commerciality of these agents, lemon myrtle oil, α-tops (α-terpineol+cineole+terpinen-4-ol) and terpinen-4-ol were also evaluated using an in vitro fermentation technique to test antimicrobial activity towards C. jejuni in the microbiota from the chicken-caecum. EO compounds (terpinen-4-ol and α-tops) were antimicrobial towards C. jejuni at high doses (0.05%) without altering the fermentation profile. EOs and terpenoid compounds can have strong anti-Campylobacter activity without adversely affecting the fermentation potential of the chicken-caeca microbiota. EOs and their active compounds may have the potential to control C. jejuni colonisation and abundance in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kurekci
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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Kim MS, Lim TH, Jang JH, Lee DH, Kim BY, Kwon JH, Choi SW, Noh JY, Hong YH, Lee SB, Yang SY, Lee HJ, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species isolated from chicken meats produced by different integrated broiler operations in Korea. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2370-5. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Alali WQ, Gaydashov R, Petrova E, Panin A, Tugarinov O, Kulikovskii A, Mamleeva D, Walls I, Doyle MP. Prevalence of Salmonella on retail chicken meat in Russian Federation. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1469-73. [PMID: 22856571 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on raw retail chicken meat in Russia. Broiler chicken carcasses (n = 698) were collected from three regions of Russia: central (i.e., Moscow area), northwest (i.e., St. Petersburg area), and southern (i.e., Krasnodar area). In each region, samples were collected to represent various cities and districts, as well as different types of retail stores and carcass storage temperatures (i.e., chilled and frozen). All chicken samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella using a whole-carcass rinse method. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 31.5%. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence by (i) region-29.3% (n = 464) in Moscow, 38.5% (n = 192) in St. Petersburg, and 23.8% (n = 42) in Krasnodar; (ii) retail store type-28.8% (n = 236) in hypermarkets, 31.9% (n = 260) in supermarkets (part of chain stores), 44.3% (n = 61) in independent supermarkets, 42.9% (n = 28) in independent minimarkets, and 26.6% (n = 113) in wet markets; and (iii) poultry company-34.3% (n = 545) on chickens produced by integrated companies compared with 22.9% (n = 118) on chickens produced by nonintegrated companies. Strategies such as good agriculture and management practices should be enhanced to reduce Salmonella prevalence on raw poultry in Russia and therefore increase the safety of chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Q Alali
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
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31
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Donado-Godoy P, Clavijo V, León M, Tafur MA, Gonzales S, Hume M, Alali W, Walls I, Lo Fo Wong DMA, Doyle MP. Prevalence of Salmonella on retail broiler chicken meat carcasses in Colombia. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1134-8. [PMID: 22691484 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on retail market chicken carcasses in Colombia. A total of 1,003 broiler chicken carcasses from 23 departments (one city per department) were collected via a stratified sampling method. Carcass rinses were tested for the presence of Salmonella by conventional culture methods. Salmonella strains were isolated from 27 % of the carcasses sampled. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine potential risk factors for Salmonella contamination associated with the chicken production system (conventional versus free-range), storage condition (chilled versus frozen), retail store type (supermarket, independent, and wet market), poultry company (integrated company versus nonintegrated company), and socioeconomic stratum. Chickens from a nonintegrated poultry company were associated with a significantly (P < 0.05) greater risk of Salmonella contamination (odds ratio, 2.0) than were chickens from an integrated company. Chilled chickens had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher risk of Salmonella contamination (odds ratio, 4.3) than did frozen chicken carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Donado-Godoy
- CORPOICA-Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, CBB-Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria, Km 14, Via Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
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Hyeon JY, Park JH, Chon JW, Wee SH, Moon JS, Kim YJ, Seo KH. Evaluation of selective enrichment broths and chromogenic media for Salmonella detection in highly contaminated chicken carcasses. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1222-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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33
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Barua H, Biswas PK, Olsen KEP, Christensen JP. Prevalence and characterization of motile Salmonella in commercial layer poultry farms in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35914. [PMID: 22558269 PMCID: PMC3338475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a globally widespread food-borne pathogen having major impact on public health. All motile serovars of Salmonella enterica of poultry origin are zoonotic, and contaminated meat and raw eggs are an important source to human infections. Information on the prevalence of Salmonella at farm/holding level, and the zoonotic serovars circulating in layer poultry in the South and South-East Asian countries including Bangladesh, where small-scale commercial farms are predominant, is limited. To investigate the prevalence of Salmonella at layer farm level, and to identify the prevalent serovars we conducted a cross-sectional survey by randomly selecting 500 commercial layer poultry farms in Bangladesh. Faecal samples from the selected farms were collected following standard procedure, and examined for the presence of Salmonella using conventional bacteriological procedures. Thirty isolates were randomly selected, from the ninety obtained from the survey, for serotyping and characterized further by plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results of the survey showed that the prevalence of motile Salmonella at layer farm level was 18% (95% confidence interval 15-21%), and Salmonella Kentucky was identified to be the only serovar circulating in the study population. Plasmid analysis of the S. Kentucky and non-serotyped isolates revealed two distinct profiles with a variation of two different sizes (2.7 and 4.8 kb). PFGE of the 30 S. Kentucky and 30 non-serotyped isolates showed that all of them were clonally related because only one genotype and three subtypes were determined based on the variation in two or three bands. This is also the first report on the presence of any specific serovar of Salmonella enterica in poultry in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himel Barua
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Duffy LL, Dykes GA, Fegan N. A review of the ecology, colonization and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Sofia, a prolific but avirulent poultry serovar in Australia. Food Res Int 2012; 45:770-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Madden RH, Moran L, Scates P, McBride J, Kelly C. Prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken on retail sale in the republic of Ireland. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1912-6. [PMID: 22054193 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To assess the current risks to consumers from Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken products sold in the Republic of Ireland, a retail survey was undertaken to define their prevalence. Samples (n = 510) were analyzed using protocols based on ISO 10272-1:2006 and ISO 6579:2002. Processor codes on pack labels showed that 67% of samples were produced in the Republic of Ireland and 25% in the United Kingdom. Salmonella was present in 5.1% of samples, but the eight serovars found caused less than 7% of human salmonellosis reported in the Republic of Ireland. The results suggest that on-farm controls to limit Salmonella infection of broilers have been successful and that in Ireland raw chicken is not a significant cause of salmonellosis in humans. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 84.3%. Isolation by the ISO method found 52.7% of samples to be positive, but overgrowth by contaminants was frequently evident. Therefore, in addition to enrichment, an homogenized sample was plated directly onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar, and this detected a further 31.6%. Speciation of isolates (n = 426) determined that 67% were Campylobacter jejuni and 32% were Campylobacter coli. These species are the most common cause of campylobacteriosis in man. The results indicate that there is a need for poultry producers to introduce interventions to minimize the exposure of consumers in the Republic of Ireland to Campylobacter spp., as has been successfully done for Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Madden
- Food Microbiology Branch, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK.
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36
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Kurekci C, Bishop-Hurley SL, Vercoe PE, Durmic Z, Al Jassim RAM, McSweeney CS. Screening of Australian plants for antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter jejuni. Phytother Res 2011; 26:186-90. [PMID: 21604309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of acute enteritis in humans, with symptoms such as diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps. In this study, 115 extracts from 109 Australian plant species were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against two C. jejuni strains using an in vitro broth microdilution assay. Among the plants tested, 107 (93%) extracts showed activity at a concentration between 32 and 1024 µg/mL against at least one C. jejuni strain. Seventeen plant extracts were selected for further testing against another six C. jejuni strains, as well as Campylobacter coli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis. The extract from Eucalyptus occidentalis demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity, with an inhibitory concentration of 32 µg/mL against C. jejuni and B. cereus. This study has shown that extracts of selected Australian plants possess antimicrobial activity against C. jejuni and thus may have application in the control of this organism in live poultry and retail poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kurekci
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Cox
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605;
| | - J.A. Cason
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605;
| | - L.J. Richardson
- Current address: The Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia 30313;
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Fearnley E, Raupach J, Lagala F, Cameron S. Salmonella in chicken meat, eggs and humans; Adelaide, South Australia, 2008. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 146:219-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Hyeon JY, Chon JW, Hwang IG, Kwak HS, Kim MS, Kim SK, Choi IS, Song CS, Park C, Seo KH. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meat products. J Food Prot 2011; 74:161-6. [PMID: 21219782 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Salmonella was determined in chicken meat (n = 26), beef (n = 49), and pork (n = 56) collected from wholesale markets, retail stores, and traditional markets in Seoul, South Korea, in 2009. Antibiotic resistance was assessed, and the molecular subtypes of Salmonella isolates were ascertained using an automated repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system (DiversiLab). A total of 18 Salmonella strains were isolated from 17 of 131 samples: 16 strains from each of 16 samples and 2 strains from the same pork sample. The prevalence of Salmonella from the retail meats was 2.0% in beef, 8.9% in pork, and 42.3% in chicken meat. Among 10 different serotypes, Salmonella enterica Panama was recovered from a beef sample, and Salmonella London and Salmonella Montevideo were the predominant serotypes from pork and chicken meat, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance observed was to erythromycin (100%) followed by streptomycin (22.2%) and tetracycline and chloramphenicol (16.7%). Of the 18 isolates, 5 (27.8%) were resistant to two or more antibiotics, and 1 isolate from chicken meat was resistant to eight antibiotics, including cephalosporins. Differentiation between all of the Salmonella isolates except between Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella London was successfully performed with the automated rep-PCR system, indicating that it can be added to the toolbox for source tracking of foodborne pathogens associated with outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Department of Public Health, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Isohanni P, Alter T, Saris P, Lyhs U. Wines as possible meat marinade ingredients possess antimicrobial potential against Campylobacter. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2704-10. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Tang JYH, Ghazali FM, Saleha AA, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. MPN-PCR enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in raw chicken meats and by-products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:501-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11703-010-1042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mellor GE, Duffy LL, Dykes GA, Fegan N. Relative prevalence of Salmonella Sofia on broiler chickens pre- and postprocessing in Australia. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1544-8. [PMID: 20548085 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the relative prevalence of Salmonella serovars on whole chicken carcasses before and after processing in 3 Australian poultry abattoirs. Ninety and 180 whole chicken carcasses were tested for Salmonella serovars before and after processing, respectively. Each carcass was subjected to a buffered peptone water rinse according to Australian Standard methodologies and Salmonella prevalence was determined using Australian Standard methodologies. After isolation, Salmonella isolates were serotyped and results were analyzed to determine the relative percentage of each serovar at both processing points. Salmonella Sofia was shown to significantly increase its relative prevalence (P < or = 0.05) after processing and proved to be the dominant serovar accounting for 45/89 (51%) isolations before processing and 51/69 (74%) isolations after processing. The reasons for the increased relative prevalence of Salmonella Sofia are currently unknown and require further investigation but may involve factors related to prevalence and numbers on chickens and the ability of Salmonella Sofia to respond to environmental stressors and attach to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Mellor
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 3312, Tingalpa DC, Queensland 4173, Australia
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Bishop-Hurley SL, Rea PJ, McSweeney CS. Phage-displayed peptides selected for binding to Campylobacter jejuni are antimicrobial. Protein Eng Des Sel 2010; 23:751-7. [PMID: 20682764 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of zoonotic bacterial gastroenteritis in humans with chicken meat implicated as a source of infection. Campylobacter jejuni colonises the lower gastrointestinal tract of poultry and during processing is spread from the gastrointestinal tract onto the surface of dressed carcasses. Controlling or eliminating C.jejuni on-farm is considered to be one of the best strategies for reducing human infection. Molecules on the cell surface of C.jejuni interact with the host to facilitate its colonisation and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. We used a subtractive phage-display protocol to affinity select for peptides binding to the cell surface of a poultry isolate of C.jejuni with the aim of finding peptides that could be used to control this microorganism in chickens. In total, 27 phage peptides, representing 11 unique clones, were found to inhibit the growth of C.jejuni by up to 99.9% in vitro. One clone was bactericidal, reducing the viability of C.jejuni by 87% in vitro. The phage peptides were highly specific. They completely inhibited the growth of two of the four poultry isolates of C.jejuni tested with no activity detected towards other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Bishop-Hurley
- CSIRO-Livestock Industries, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Mead G, Lammerding AM, Cox N, Doyle MP, Humbert F, Kulikovskiy A, Panin A, do Nascimento VP, Wierup M. Scientific and technical factors affecting the setting of Salmonella criteria for raw poultry: a global perspective. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1566-90. [PMID: 20819373 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.8.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about foodborne salmonellosis have led many countries to introduce microbiological criteria for certain food products. If such criteria are not well-grounded in science, they could be an unjustified obstacle to trade. Raw poultry products are an important part of the global food market. Import and export ambiguities and regulatory confusion resulting from different Salmonella requirements were the impetus for convening an international group of scientific experts from 16 countries to discuss the scientific and technical issues that affect the setting of a microbiological criterion for Salmonella contamination of raw chicken. A particular concern for the group was the use of criteria implying a zero tolerance for Salmonella and suggesting complete absence of the pathogen. The notion can be interpreted differently by various stakeholders and was considered inappropriate because there is neither an effective means of eliminating Salmonella from raw poultry nor any practical method for verifying its absence. Therefore, it may be more useful at present to set food safety metrics that involve reductions in hazard levels. Such terms as "zero tolerance" or "absence of a microbe" in relation to raw poultry should be avoided unless defined and explained by international agreement. Risk assessment provides a more meaningful approach than a zero tolerance philosophy, and new metrics, such as performance objectives that are linked to human health outcomes, should be utilized throughout the food chain to help define risk and identify ways to reduce adverse effects on public health.
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Hilbert F, Scherwitzel M, Paulsen P, Szostak MP. Survival of Campylobacter jejuni under conditions of atmospheric oxygen tension with the support of Pseudomonas spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5911-7. [PMID: 20639377 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01532-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen. Despite causing enteritis in humans, it is a well-adapted intestinal microorganism in animals, hardly ever generating disease symptoms. Nevertheless, as a true microaerophilic microorganism it is still puzzling how Campylobacter cells can survive on chicken meat, the main source of human infection. In this study, we demonstrate that C. jejuni is able to withstand conditions of atmospheric oxygen tension when cocultured with Pseudomonas species, major food-spoiling bacteria that are frequently found on chicken meat in rather high numbers. Using an in vitro survival assay, interactions of 145 C. jejuni wild-type strains and field isolates from chicken meat, broiler feces, and human clinical samples with type strains and food isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Micrococcus luteus, and Enterococcus faecalis were studied. When inoculated alone or in coculture with Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Micrococcus luteus, or Enterococcus faecalis type strains, Campylobacter cells were able to survive ambient oxygen levels for no more than 18 h. In contrast, Campylobacter bacteria inoculated with type strains or wild-type isolates of Pseudomonas showed a prolonged aerobic survival of up to >48 h. This microbial commensalism was diverse in C. jejuni isolates from different sources; isolates from chicken meat and humans in coculture with Pseudomonas putida were able to use this survival support better than fecal isolates from broilers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of fiberlike structures braiding P. putida and C. jejuni cells. Hence, it seems that microaerophilic C. jejuni is able to survive ambient atmospheric oxygen tension by metabolic commensalism with Pseudomonas spp. This bacterium-bacterium interaction might set the basis for survival of C. jejuni on chicken meat and thus be the prerequisite step in the pathway toward human infection.
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Deckert A, Valdivieso-Garcia A, Reid-Smith R, Tamblyn S, Seliske P, Irwin R, Dewey C, Boerlin P, McEwen SA. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken in two health units in Ontario. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1317-24. [PMID: 20615345 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Deckert
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Thakur S, Zhao S, McDermott PF, Harbottle H, Abbott J, English L, Gebreyes WA, White DG. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genotypic Profile Comparison ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliIsolated from Humans and Retail Meats. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:835-44. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Patrick F. McDermott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Heather Harbottle
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Jason Abbott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Linda English
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David G. White
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
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Liu L, Hussain SK, Miller RS, Oyarzabal OA. Efficacy of mini VIDAS for the detection of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in Bolton broth, with or without the supplementation of blood. J Food Prot 2009; 72:2428-32. [PMID: 19903413 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.11.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the mini VIDAS automated immunoassay chemistry system to detect Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in Bolton broth supplemented with lysed blood (B+B) or without blood (B-B), and to detect positive samples at 24 versus 48 h after enrichment. Retail broiler meat was enriched and tested for Campylobacter spp. with the mini VIDAS and with an agar plate. Isolates were speciated with a multiplex PCR and typed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to evaluate relatedness of isolates collected from subsamples enriched in B+B or B-B. The number of Campylobacter-positive samples by mini VIDAS was similar (P > 0.05) to the results found with traditional plating media for naturally contaminated broiler meat, regardless of whether the comparison was made between B+B and B-B, or among different meat products (breast, tenders, and thighs). More positive samples were found at 48 h of enrichment than at 24 h of enrichment (P < 0.05). A Campylobacter jejuni:Campylobacter coli ratio of 4:1 was found in this study. Most of the isolates from both subsamples (B+B and B-B) were similar or identical by PFGE analysis, except for a few samples in which the PFGE profiles of the isolates from the subsamples were different. Mini VIDAS allowed for the detection of Campylobacter spp. within 48 h after enrichment. However, the sensitivity is similar to plate media, and retail broiler samples need to be enriched for 48 h to avoid false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Abstract
A year-long survey of fresh, retail poultry products on sale in Northern Ireland was undertaken to define the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. by using protocols based on ISO (standard) 10272-1:2006. Incubation at 37 and 42 degrees C was undertaken to increase the diversity of isolates obtained. Overall, 652 isolates were identified as Campylobacter spp. by using PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphic typing. Phenotyping wrongly identified 21% of isolates. Prevalences of Campylobacter found were chicken, 91% (n = 336); turkey, 56% (n = 77); and duck, 100% (n = 17). Prevalence rates for chicken produced in Northern Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales were similar, with a mean value of 91%. The prevalences in product from the latter two countries were much higher than were found in two United Kingdom-wide surveys of chicken. The incubation temperature did not affect the relative proportions of the species isolated (P > 0.05). Campylobacter jejuni composed 64.6% of isolates, Campylobacter coli, 27.4%, and Campylobacter lari, 1%. Most cases of human campylobacteriosis are caused by C. jejuni and C. coli. The overall Campylobacter prevalence results are consistent with Northern Ireland surveys undertaken since 2000, and indicate that United Kingdom strategies to control Campylobacter in chicken have not had a significant effecton the prevalence of this pathogen in retail products on sale in Northern Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Moran
- Food Microbiology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
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