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Zuroff LR, Green AJ. The Study of Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Visual Outcomes as a Window Into Repair. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:143-156. [PMID: 38654413 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amelioration of disability in multiple sclerosis requires the development of complementary therapies that target neurodegeneration and promote repair. Remyelination is a promising neuroprotective strategy that may protect axons from damage and subsequent neurodegeneration. METHODS A review of key literature plus additional targeted search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. RESULTS There has been a rapid expansion of clinical trials studying putative remyelinating candidates, but further growth of the field is limited by the lack of consensus on key aspects of trial design. We have not yet defined the ideal study population, duration of therapy, or the appropriate outcome measures to detect remyelination in humans. The varied natural history of multiple sclerosis, coupled with the short time frame of phase II clinical trials, requires that we develop and validate biomarkers of remyelination that can serve as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the visual system may be the most well-suited and validated model for the study potential remyelinating agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of demyelination and summarize the current clinical trial landscape of remyelinating agents. We present some of the challenges in the study of remyelinating agents and discuss current potential biomarkers of remyelination and repair, emphasizing both established and emerging visual outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Zuroff
- Department of Neurology (LZ), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (AJG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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2
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Huang Z, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zong X, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Enhancing axonal myelination: Clemastine attenuates cognitive impairment in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury. Transl Res 2024; 268:40-50. [PMID: 38246342 PMCID: PMC11081842 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a significant impact on cognitive function, affecting millions of people worldwide. Myelin loss is a prominent pathological feature of TBI, while well-functioning myelin is crucial for memory and cognition. Utilizing drug repurposing to identify effective drug candidates for TBI treatment has gained attention. Notably, recent research has highlighted the potential of clemastine, an FDA-approved allergy medication, as a promising pro-myelinating drug. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate whether clemastine can enhance myelination and alleviate cognitive impairment following mild TBI using a clinically relevant rat model of TBI. Mild diffuse TBI was induced using the Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). Animals were treated with either clemastine or an equivalent volume of the vehicle from day 1 to day 14 post-injury. Following treatment, memory-related behavioral tests were conducted, and myelin pathology in the cortex and hippocampus was assessed through immunofluorescence staining and ProteinSimple® capillary-based immunoassay. Our results showed that TBI leads to significant myelin loss, axonal damage, glial activation, and a decrease in mature oligodendrocytes in both the cortex and hippocampus. The TBI animals also exhibited notable deficits in memory-related tests. In contrast, animals treated with clemastine showed an increase in mature oligodendrocytes, enhanced myelination, and improved performance in the behavioral tests. These preliminary findings support the therapeutic value of clemastine in alleviating TBI-induced cognitive impairment, with substantial clinical translational potential. Our findings also underscore the potential of remyelinating therapies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 1501 Kings Highway, LA 71103 USA
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Poon MM, Lorrain KI, Stebbins KJ, Edu GC, Broadhead AR, Lorenzana AO, Paulson BE, Baccei CS, Roppe JR, Schrader TO, Valdez LJ, Xiong Y, Chen AC, Lorrain DS. Discovery of a brain penetrant small molecule antagonist targeting LPA1 receptors to reduce neuroinflammation and promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10573. [PMID: 38719983 PMCID: PMC11079064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination that disrupts neuronal transmission resulting in neurodegeneration progressive disability. While current treatments focus on immunosuppression to limit inflammation and further myelin loss, no approved therapies effectively promote remyelination to mitigate the progressive disability associated with chronic demyelination. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pro-inflammatory lipid that is upregulated in MS patient plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). LPA activates the LPA1 receptor, resulting in elevated CNS cytokine and chemokine levels, infiltration of immune cells, and microglial/astrocyte activation. This results in a neuroinflammatory response leading to demyelination and suppressed remyelination. A medicinal chemistry effort identified PIPE-791, an oral, brain-penetrant, LPA1 antagonist. PIPE-791 was characterized in vitro and in vivo and was found to be a potent, selective LPA1 antagonist with slow receptor off-rate kinetics. In vitro, PIPE-791 induced OPC differentiation and promoted remyelination following a demyelinating insult. PIPE-791 further mitigated the macrophage-mediated inhibition of OPC differentiation and inhibited microglial and fibroblast activation. In vivo, the compound readily crossed the blood-brain barrier and blocked LPA1 in the CNS after oral dosing. Direct dosing of PIPE-791 in vivo increased oligodendrocyte number, and in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, we observed that PIPE-791 promoted myelination, reduced neuroinflammation, and restored visual evoked potential latencies (VEP). These findings support targeting LPA1 for remyelination and encourage development of PIPE-791 for treating MS patients with advantages not seen with current immunosuppressive disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifeng Xiong
- Contineum Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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4
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Marziali LN, Hwang Y, Palmisano M, Cuenda A, Sim FJ, Gonzalez A, Volsko C, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Wrabetz L, Feltri ML. p38γ MAPK delays myelination and remyelination and is abundant in multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 2024; 147:1871-1886. [PMID: 38128553 PMCID: PMC11068213 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which disability results from the disruption of myelin and axons. During the initial stages of the disease, injured myelin is replaced by mature myelinating oligodendrocytes that differentiate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. However, myelin repair fails in secondary and chronic progressive stages of the disease and with ageing, as the environment becomes progressively more hostile. This may be attributable to inhibitory molecules in the multiple sclerosis environment including activation of the p38MAPK family of kinases. We explored oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelin repair using animals with conditional ablation of p38MAPKγ from oligodendrocyte precursors. We found that p38γMAPK ablation accelerated oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and myelination. This resulted in an increase in both the total number of oligodendrocytes and the migration of progenitors ex vivo and faster remyelination in the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination. Consistent with its role as an inhibitor of myelination, p38γMAPK was significantly downregulated as oligodendrocyte precursor cells matured into oligodendrocytes. Notably, p38γMAPK was enriched in multiple sclerosis lesions from patients. Oligodendrocyte progenitors expressed high levels of p38γMAPK in areas of failed remyelination but did not express detectable levels of p38γMAPK in areas where remyelination was apparent. Our data suggest that p38γ could be targeted to improve myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro N Marziali
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yoonchan Hwang
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Marilena Palmisano
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Fraser J Sim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Alberto Gonzalez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Maria L Feltri
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Università degli studi di Milano, Biometra department and IRCcs Carlo Besta, Milano 20133, Italy
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5
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Cordano C, Werneburg S, Abdelhak A, Bennett DJ, Beaudry-Richard A, Duncan GJ, Oertel FC, Boscardin WJ, Yiu HH, Jabassini N, Merritt L, Nocera S, Sin JH, Samana IP, Condor Montes SY, Ananth K, Bischof A, Nourbakhsh B, Hauser SL, Cree BAC, Emery B, Schafer DP, Chan JR, Green AJ. Synaptic injury in the inner plexiform layer of the retina is associated with progression in multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101490. [PMID: 38574736 PMCID: PMC11031420 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
While neurodegeneration underlies the pathological basis for permanent disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), predictive biomarkers for progression are lacking. Using an animal model of chronic MS, we find that synaptic injury precedes neuronal loss and identify thinning of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) as an early feature of inflammatory demyelination-prior to symptom onset. As neuronal domains are anatomically segregated in the retina and can be monitored longitudinally, we hypothesize that thinning of the IPL could represent a biomarker for progression in MS. Leveraging our dataset with over 800 participants enrolled for more than 12 years, we find that IPL atrophy directly precedes progression and propose that synaptic loss is predictive of functional decline. Using a blood proteome-wide analysis, we demonstrate a strong correlation between demyelination, glial activation, and synapse loss independent of neuroaxonal injury. In summary, monitoring synaptic injury is a biologically relevant approach that reflects a potential driver of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cordano
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sebastian Werneburg
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnik Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan - Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Bennett
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Beaudry-Richard
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Greg J Duncan
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Frederike C Oertel
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W John Boscardin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hao H Yiu
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nora Jabassini
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Merritt
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnik Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Nocera
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jung H Sin
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isaac P Samana
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shivany Y Condor Montes
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kirtana Ananth
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antje Bischof
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnik Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jonah R Chan
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ari J Green
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Lazzarotto A, Hamzaoui M, Tonietto M, Dubessy AL, Khalil M, Pirpamer L, Ropele S, Enzinger C, Battaglini M, Stromillo ML, De Stefano N, Filippi M, Rocca MA, Gallo P, Gasperini C, Stankoff B, Bodini B. Time is myelin: early cortical myelin repair prevents atrophy and clinical progression in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:1331-1343. [PMID: 38267729 PMCID: PMC10994569 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical myelin loss and repair in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been explored in neuropathological studies, but the impact of these processes on neurodegeneration and the irreversible clinical progression of the disease remains unknown. Here, we evaluated in vivo cortical demyelination and remyelination in a large cohort of people with all clinical phenotypes of MS followed up for 5 years using magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), a technique that has been shown to be sensitive to myelin content changes in the cortex. We investigated 140 people with MS (37 clinically isolated syndrome, 71 relapsing-MS, 32 progressive-MS), who were clinically assessed at baseline and after 5 years and, along with 84 healthy controls, underwent a 3 T-MRI protocol including MTI at baseline and after 1 year. Changes in cortical volume over the radiological follow-up were computed with a Jacobian integration method. Magnetization transfer ratio was employed to calculate for each patient an index of cortical demyelination at baseline and of dynamic cortical demyelination and remyelination over the follow-up period. The three indices of cortical myelin content change were heterogeneous across patients but did not significantly differ across clinical phenotypes or treatment groups. Cortical remyelination, which tended to fail in the regions closer to CSF (-11%, P < 0.001), was extensive in half of the cohort and occurred independently of age, disease duration and clinical phenotype. Higher indices of cortical dynamic demyelination (β = 0.23, P = 0.024) and lower indices of cortical remyelination (β = -0.18, P = 0.03) were significantly associated with greater cortical atrophy after 1 year, independently of age and MS phenotype. While the extent of cortical demyelination predicted a higher probability of clinical progression after 5 years in the entire cohort [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2; P = 0.043], the impact of cortical remyelination in reducing the risk of accumulating clinical disability after 5 years was significant only in the subgroup of patients with shorter disease duration and limited extent of demyelination in cortical regions (OR = 0.86, P = 0.015, area under the curve = 0.93). In this subgroup, a 30% increase in cortical remyelination nearly halved the risk of clinical progression at 5 years, independently of clinical relapses. Overall, our results highlight the critical role of cortical myelin dynamics in the cascade of events leading to neurodegeneration and to the subsequent accumulation of irreversible disability in MS. Our findings suggest that early-stage myelin repair compensating for cortical myelin loss has the potential to prevent neuro-axonal loss and its long-term irreversible clinical consequences in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazzarotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Mariem Hamzaoui
- Department of Neuroscience, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 91400 Orsay, France
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marco Battaglini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Stromillo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Veneto Region, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Stankoff
- Department of Neuroscience, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Department of Neuroscience, Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, Inserm, 75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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7
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Vagionitis S, Káradóttir RT. Functional implication for myelin regeneration in recovery from ischaemic stroke. Brain 2024; 147:1118-1120. [PMID: 38574285 PMCID: PMC10994522 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke’ by Cheng et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Vagionitis
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Physiology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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8
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Cheng YJ, Wang F, Feng J, Yu B, Wang B, Gao Q, Wang TY, Hu B, Gao X, Chen JF, Chen YJ, Lv SQ, Feng H, Xiao L, Mei F. Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke. Brain 2024; 147:1294-1311. [PMID: 38289861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke causes neuron loss and long-term functional deficits. Unfortunately, effective approaches to preserving neurons and promoting functional recovery remain unavailable. Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the CNS, are susceptible to oxygen and nutrition deprivation and undergo degeneration after ischaemic stroke. Technically, new oligodendrocytes and myelin can be generated by the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). However, myelin dynamics and their functional significance after ischaemic stroke remain poorly understood. Here, we report numerous denuded axons accompanied by decreased neuron density in sections from ischaemic stroke lesions in human brain, suggesting that neuron loss correlates with myelin deficits in these lesions. To investigate the longitudinal changes in myelin dynamics after stroke, we labelled and traced pre-existing and newly-formed myelin, respectively, using cell-specific genetic approaches. Our results indicated massive oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss 2 weeks after stroke in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. In contrast, myelin regeneration remained insufficient 4 and 8 weeks post-stroke. Notably, neuronal loss and functional impairments worsened in aged brains, and new myelin generation was diminished. To analyse the causal relationship between remyelination and neuron survival, we manipulated myelinogenesis by conditional deletion of Olig2 (a positive regulator) or muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R, a negative regulator) in OPCs. Deleting Olig2 inhibited remyelination, reducing neuron survival and functional recovery after tMCAO. Conversely, enhancing remyelination by M1R conditional knockout or treatment with the pro-myelination drug clemastine after tMCAO preserved white matter integrity and neuronal survival, accelerating functional recovery. Together, our findings demonstrate that enhancing myelinogenesis is a promising strategy to preserve neurons and promote functional recovery after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Teng-Yue Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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9
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Zota I, Chanoumidou K, Charalampopoulos I, Gravanis A. Dynamics of myelin deficits in the 5xFAD mouse model for Alzheimer's disease and the protective role of BDNF. Glia 2024; 72:809-827. [PMID: 38205694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings highlight myelin breakdown as a decisive early event in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) acting as aggravating factor of its progression. However, it is still unclear whether myelin loss is attributed to increased oligodendrocyte vulnerability, reduced repairing capacity or toxic stimuli. In the present study, we sought to clarify the starting point of myelin disruption accompanied with Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell (OPC) elimination in the brain of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD at 6 months of age in Dentate Gyrus of the hippocampus in relation to neurotrophin system. Prominent inflammation presence was detected since the age of 6 months playing a key role in myelin disturbance and AD progression. Expression analysis of neurotrophin receptors in OPCs was performed to identify new targets that could increase myelination in health and disease. OPCs in both control and 5xFAD mice express TrkB, TrkC and p75 receptors but not TrkA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that binds to TrkB receptor is well-known about its pro-myelination effect, promoting oligodendrocytes proliferation and differentiation, so we focused our investigation on its effects in OPCs under neurodegenerative conditions. Our in vitro results showed that BDNF rescues OPCs from death and promotes their proliferation and differentiation in presence of the toxic Amyloid-β 1-42. Collectively, our results indicate that BDNF possess an additional neuroprotective role through its actions on oligodendrocytic component and its use could be proposed as a drug-based myelin-enhancing strategy, complementary to amyloid and tau centered therapies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina Chanoumidou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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10
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Lozinski BM, Ghorbani S, Yong VW. Biology of neurofibrosis with focus on multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370107. [PMID: 38596673 PMCID: PMC11002094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage elicits a wound healing response of inflammation and remodeling aimed at restoring homeostasis. Dysregulation of wound healing leads to accumulation of effector cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, collectively termed fibrosis, which impairs organ functions. Fibrosis of the central nervous system, neurofibrosis, is a major contributor to the lack of neural regeneration and it involves fibroblasts, microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, and their deposited ECM. Neurofibrosis occurs commonly across neurological conditions. This review describes processes of wound healing and fibrosis in tissues in general, and in multiple sclerosis in particular, and considers approaches to ameliorate neurofibrosis to enhance neural recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Odell E, Jabassini N, Schniedewind B, Pease-Raissi SE, Frymoyer A, Christians U, Green AJ, Chan JR, Ostrem BEL. Minimum Effective Dose of Clemastine in a Mouse Model of Preterm White Matter Injury. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.08.578953. [PMID: 38464078 PMCID: PMC10925142 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.578953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in premature neonates. PWMI involves a differentiation arrest of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. Clemastine was previously shown to induce oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in mouse models of PWMI at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The minimum effective dose (MED) of clemastine is unknown. Identification if the MED is essential for maximizing safety and efficacy in neonatal clinical trials. We hypothesized that the MED in neonatal mice is lower than 10 mg/kg/day. Methods Mouse pups were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (10% FiO 2 ) from postnatal day 3 (P3) through P10. Vehicle or clemastine fumarate at one of four doses (0.5, 2, 7.5 or 10 mg/kg/day) was given orally to hypoxia-exposed pups. At P14, myelination was assessed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to determine the MED. Clemastine pharmacokinetics were evaluated at steady-state on day 8 of treatment. Results Clemastine rescued hypoxia-induced hypomyelination with a MED of 7.5 mg/kg/day. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the MED revealed C max 44.0 ng/mL, t 1/2 4.6 hours, and AUC 24 280.1 ng*hr/mL. Conclusion Based on these results, myelination-promoting exposures should be achievable with oral doses of clemastine in neonates with PWMI. Key Points Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common cause of brain injury and cerebral palsy in premature neonates.Clemastine, an FDA-approved antihistamine, was recently identified to strongly promote myelination in a mouse model of PWMI and is a possible treatment.The minimum effective dose in neonatal rodents is unknown and is critical for guiding dose selection and balancing efficacy with toxicity in future clinical trials.We identified the minimum effective dose of clemastine and the associated pharmacokinetics in a murine chronic hypoxia model of PWMI, paving the way for a future clinical trial in human neonates.
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12
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Hill RA, Nishiyama A, Hughes EG. Features, Fates, and Functions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041425. [PMID: 38052500 PMCID: PMC10910408 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a central nervous system resident population of glia with a distinct molecular identity and an ever-increasing list of functions. OPCs generate oligodendrocytes throughout development and across the life span in most regions of the brain and spinal cord. This process involves a complex coordination of molecular checkpoints and biophysical cues from the environment that initiate the differentiation and integration of new oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin sheaths on axons. Outside of their progenitor role, OPCs have been proposed to play other functions including the modulation of axonal and synaptic development and the participation in bidirectional signaling with neurons and other glia. Here, we review OPC identity and known functions and discuss recent findings implying other roles for these glial cells in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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13
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Franklin RJM, Bodini B, Goldman SA. Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041371. [PMID: 38316552 PMCID: PMC10910446 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to undergo spontaneous regeneration has long been regarded as a central tenet of neurobiology. However, while this is largely true of the neuronal elements of the adult mammalian CNS, save for discrete populations of granule neurons, the same is not true of its glial elements. In particular, the loss of oligodendrocytes, which results in demyelination, triggers a spontaneous and often highly efficient regenerative response, remyelination, in which new oligodendrocytes are generated and myelin sheaths are restored to denuded axons. Yet remyelination in humans is not without limitation, and a variety of demyelinating conditions are associated with sustained and disabling myelin loss. In this work, we will (1) review the biology of remyelination, including the cells and signals involved; (2) describe when remyelination occurs and when and why it fails, including the consequences of its failure; and (3) discuss approaches for therapeutically enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases of both children and adults, both by stimulating endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by transplanting these cells into demyelinated brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75013, France
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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14
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Riboni-Verri G, Chen BS, McMurran CE, Halliwell GJ, Brown JWL, Coles AJ, Cunniffe NG. Visual outcome measures in clinical trials of remyelinating drugs. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000560. [PMID: 38389586 PMCID: PMC10882304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to delay, prevent or reverse disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is to enhance endogenous remyelination and limit axonal degeneration. In clinical trials of remyelinating drugs, there is a need for reliable, sensitive and clinically relevant outcome measures. The visual pathway, which is frequently affected by MS, provides a unique model system to evaluate remyelination of acute and chronic MS lesions in vivo and non-invasively. In this review, we discuss the different measures that have been used and scrutinise visual outcome measure selection in current and future remyelination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Riboni-Verri
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benson S Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregory J Halliwell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J William L Brown
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), University of Melbourne, Melborune, Melborune, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick G Cunniffe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Vision Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Kamen Y, Evans KA, Sitnikov S, Spitzer SO, de Faria O, Yucel M, Káradóttir RT. Clemastine and metformin extend the window of NMDA receptor surface expression in ageing oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4091. [PMID: 38374232 PMCID: PMC10876931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout life, allowing for ongoing myelination and myelin repair. With age, differentiation efficacy decreases and myelin repair fails; therefore, recent therapeutic efforts have focused on enhancing differentiation. Many cues are thought to regulate OPC differentiation, including neuronal activity, which OPCs can sense and respond to via their voltage-gated ion channels and glutamate receptors. However, OPCs' density of voltage-gated ion channels and glutamate receptors differs with age and brain region, and correlates with their proliferation and differentiation potential, suggesting that OPCs exist in different functional cell states, and that age-associated states might underlie remyelination failure. Here, we use whole-cell patch-clamp to investigate whether clemastine and metformin, two pro-remyelination compounds, alter OPC membrane properties and promote a specific OPC state. We find that clemastine and metformin extend the window of NMDAR surface expression, promoting an NMDAR-rich OPC state. Our findings highlight a possible mechanism for the pro-remyelinating action of clemastine and metformin, and suggest that OPC states can be modulated as a strategy to promote myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Kamen
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK.
| | - Kimberley Anne Evans
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Sergey Sitnikov
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Sonia Olivia Spitzer
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Omar de Faria
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Mert Yucel
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK
| | - Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 A0W, UK.
- Department of Physiology, BioMedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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16
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Ali HT, Sula I, AbuHamdia A, Elejla SA, Elrefaey A, Hamdar H, Elfil M. Nervous System Response to Neurotrauma: A Narrative Review of Cerebrovascular and Cellular Changes After Neurotrauma. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:22. [PMID: 38367075 PMCID: PMC10874332 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For instance, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes more than 30% of all injury-related deaths in the USA annually. The underlying cause and clinical sequela vary among cases. Patients are liable to both acute and chronic changes in the nervous system after such a type of injury. Cerebrovascular disruption has the most common and serious effect in such cases because cerebrovascular autoregulation, which is one of the main determinants of cerebral perfusion pressure, can be effaced in brain injuries even in the absence of evident vascular injury. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier regulatory function may also ensue whether due to direct injury to its structure or metabolic changes. Furthermore, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be affected leading to sympathetic hyperactivity in many patients. On a cellular scale, the neuroinflammatory cascade medicated by the glial cells gets triggered in response to TBI. Nevertheless, cellular and molecular reactions involved in cerebrovascular repair are not fully understood yet. Most studies were done on animals with many drawbacks in interpreting results. Therefore, future studies including human subjects are necessarily needed. This review will be of relevance to clinicians and researchers interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms in neurotrauma cases and the development of proper therapies as well as those with a general interest in the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idris Sula
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar AbuHamdia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | | | - Hiba Hamdar
- Medical Learning Skills Academy, Beirut, Lebanon
- Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mohamed Elfil
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that have key functions in its development, homeostasis and response to damage and infection. Although microglia have been increasingly implicated in contributing to the pathology that underpins neurological dysfunction and disease, they also have crucial roles in neurological homeostasis and regeneration. This includes regulation of the maintenance and regeneration of myelin, the membrane that surrounds neuronal axons, which is required for axonal health and function. Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Given the lack of approved therapies targeting myelin maintenance or regeneration, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which microglia support and restore myelin health to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, the mechanisms by which microglia regulate myelin loss or integrity are still being uncovered. In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how this relates to microglia dynamics during myelin damage and regeneration, and factors that influence the regenerative functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Kent
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Zhu TT, Wang H, Liu PM, Gu HW, Pan WT, Zhao MM, Hashimoto K, Yang JJ. Clemastine-induced enhancement of hippocampal myelination alleviates memory impairment in mice with chronic pain. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106375. [PMID: 38092269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain often experience memory impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The myelin sheath is crucial for rapid and accurate action potential conduction, playing a pivotal role in the development of cognitive abilities in the central nervous system. The study reveals that myelin degradation occurs in the hippocampus of chronic constriction injury (CCI) mice, which display both chronic pain and memory impairment. Using fiber photometry, we observed diminished task-related neuronal activity in the hippocampus of CCI mice. Interestingly, the repeated administration with clemastine, which promotes myelination, counteracts the CCI-induced myelin loss and reduced neuronal activity. Notably, clemastine specifically ameliorates the impaired memory without affecting chronic pain in CCI mice. Overall, our findings highlight the significant role of myelin abnormalities in CCI-induced memory impairment, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for treating memory impairments associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Pan-Miao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han-Wen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei-Tong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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19
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Cho CH, Deyneko IV, Cordova-Martinez D, Vazquez J, Maguire AS, Diaz JR, Carbonell AU, Tindi JO, Cui MH, Fleysher R, Molholm S, Lipton ML, Branch CA, Hodgson L, Jordan BA. ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8499. [PMID: 38129387 PMCID: PMC10739966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene cause ANKS1B neurodevelopmental syndrome (ANDS), a rare genetic disease characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. The ANKS1B gene encodes for AIDA-1, a protein that is enriched at neuronal synapses and regulates synaptic plasticity. Here we report an unexpected role for oligodendroglial deficits in ANDS pathophysiology. We show that Anks1b-deficient mouse models display deficits in oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and Rac1 function, and recapitulate white matter abnormalities observed in ANDS patients. Selective loss of Anks1b from the oligodendrocyte lineage, but not from neuronal populations, leads to deficits in social preference and sensory reactivity previously observed in a brain-wide Anks1b haploinsufficiency model. Furthermore, we find that clemastine, an antihistamine shown to increase oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and central nervous system myelination, rescues deficits in social preference in 7-month-old Anks1b-deficient mice. Our work shows that deficits in social behaviors present in ANDS may originate from abnormal Rac1 activity within oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Cho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Vasilisa Deyneko
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dylann Cordova-Martinez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Vazquez
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anne S Maguire
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jenny R Diaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar O Tindi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roman Fleysher
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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20
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Gudi V, Grieb P, Linker RA, Skripuletz T. CDP-choline to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis: the need for a clinical trial. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2599-2605. [PMID: 37449595 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that leads to demyelination and neuronal cell death, resulting in functional disability. Remyelination is the natural repair process of demyelination, but it is often incomplete or fails in multiple sclerosis. Available therapies reduce the inflammatory state and prevent clinical relapses. However, therapeutic approaches to increase myelin repair in humans are not yet available. The substance cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine, CDP-choline, is ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells and plays a crucial role in the synthesis of cellular phospholipids. Regenerative properties have been shown in various animal models of diseases of the central nervous system. We have already shown that the compound CDP-choline improves myelin regeneration in two animal models of multiple sclerosis. However, the results from the animal models have not yet been studied in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this review, we summarise the beneficial effects of CDP-choline on biolipid metabolism and turnover with regard to inflammatory and regenerative processes. We also explain changes in phospholipid and sphingolipid homeostasis in multiple sclerosis and suggest a possible therapeutic link to CDP-choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paweł Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Clarkson BD, Grund EM, Standiford MM, Mirchia K, Westphal MS, Muschler LS, Howe CL. CD8+ T cells recognizing a neuron-restricted antigen injure axons in a model of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162788. [PMID: 37676734 PMCID: PMC10617772 DOI: 10.1172/jci162788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells outnumber CD4+ cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions associated with disease progression, but the pathogenic role and antigenic targets of these clonally expanded effectors are unknown. Based on evidence that demyelination is necessary but not sufficient for disease progression in MS, we previously hypothesized that CNS-infiltrating CD8+ T cells specific for neuronal antigens directly drive the axonal and neuronal injury that leads to cumulative neurologic disability in patients with MS. We now show that demyelination induced expression of MHC class I on neurons and axons and resulted in presentation of a neuron-specific neoantigen (synapsin promoter-driven chicken ovalbumin) to antigen-specific CD8+ T cells (anti-ovalbumin OT-I TCR-transgenic T cells). These neuroantigen-specific effectors surveilled the CNS in the absence of demyelination but were not retained. However, upon induction of demyelination via cuprizone intoxication, neuroantigen-specific CD8+ T cells proliferated, accumulated in the CNS, and damaged neoantigen-expressing neurons and axons. We further report elevated neuronal expression of MHC class I and β2-microglobulin transcripts and protein in gray matter and white matter tracts in tissue from patients with MS. These findings support a pathogenic role for autoreactive anti-axonal and anti-neuronal CD8+ T cells in MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D.S. Clarkson
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles L. Howe
- Department of Neurology
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology
- Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Groh J, Abdelwahab T, Kattimani Y, Hörner M, Loserth S, Gudi V, Adalbert R, Imdahl F, Saliba AE, Coleman M, Stangel M, Simons M, Martini R. Microglia-mediated demyelination protects against CD8 + T cell-driven axon degeneration in mice carrying PLP defects. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6911. [PMID: 37903797 PMCID: PMC10616105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration and functional decline in myelin diseases are often attributed to loss of myelin but their relation is not fully understood. Perturbed myelinating glia can instigate chronic neuroinflammation and contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. Here we study mice with distinct defects in the proteolipid protein 1 gene that develop axonal damage which is driven by cytotoxic T cells targeting myelinating oligodendrocytes. We show that persistent ensheathment with perturbed myelin poses a risk for axon degeneration, neuron loss, and behavioral decline. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cell-driven axonal damage is less likely to progress towards degeneration when axons are efficiently demyelinated by activated microglia. Mechanistically, we show that cytotoxic T cell effector molecules induce cytoskeletal alterations within myelinating glia and aberrant actomyosin constriction of axons at paranodal domains. Our study identifies detrimental axon-glia-immune interactions which promote neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic targets for disorders associated with myelin defects and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tassnim Abdelwahab
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yogita Kattimani
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Hörner
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neurodegeneration, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Loserth
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Adalbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Coleman
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Duncan GJ, Ingram SD, Emberley K, Hill J, Cordano C, Abdelhak A, McCane M, Jabassini N, Ananth K, Ferrara SJ, Stedelin B, Sivyer B, Aicher SA, Scanlan T, Watkins TA, Mishra A, Nelson J, Green AJ, Emery B. Remyelination protects neurons from DLK-mediated neurodegeneration. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.30.560267. [PMID: 37873342 PMCID: PMC10592610 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic demyelination is theorized to contribute to neurodegeneration and drive progressive disability in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. Here, we describe two genetic mouse models of inducible demyelination, one distinguished by effective remyelination, and the other by remyelination failure and persistent demyelination. By comparing these two models, we find that remyelination protects neurons from apoptosis, improves conduction, and promotes functional recovery. Chronic demyelination of neurons leads to activation of the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) stress pathway downstream of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), which ultimately induces the phosphorylation of c-Jun in the nucleus. Both pharmacological inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of DLK block c-Jun phosphorylation and the apoptosis of demyelinated neurons. These findings provide direct experimental evidence that remyelination is neuroprotective and identify DLK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect chronically demyelinated neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Samantha D Ingram
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Katie Emberley
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jo Hill
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Christian Cordano
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael McCane
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nora Jabassini
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kirtana Ananth
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Skylar J. Ferrara
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brittany Stedelin
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin Sivyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sue A. Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thomas Scanlan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Trent A Watkins
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jonathan Nelson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ari J. Green
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Lead author
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24
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Chen K, Cambi F, Kozai TDY. Pro-myelinating clemastine administration improves recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrodes and nearby neuronal health. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122210. [PMID: 37413842 PMCID: PMC10528716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes have become a useful tool in neuroprosthetic applications in the clinic and to understand neurological disorders in basic neurosciences. Many of these brain-machine interface technology applications require successful long-term implantation with high stability and sensitivity. However, the intrinsic tissue reaction caused by implantation remains a major failure mechanism causing loss of recorded signal quality over time. Oligodendrocytes remain an underappreciated intervention target to improve chronic recording performance. These cells can accelerate action potential propagation and provides direct metabolic support for neuronal health and functionality. However, implantation injury causes oligodendrocyte degeneration and leads to progressive demyelination in surrounding brain tissue. Previous work highlighted that healthy oligodendrocytes are necessary for greater electrophysiological recording performance and the prevention of neuronal silencing around implanted microelectrodes over the chronic implantation period. Thus, we hypothesize that enhancing oligodendrocyte activity with a pharmaceutical drug, Clemastine, will prevent the chronic decline of microelectrode recording performance. Electrophysiological evaluation showed that the promyelination Clemastine treatment significantly elevated the signal detectability and quality, rescued the loss of multi-unit activity, and increased functional interlaminar connectivity over 16-weeks of implantation. Additionally, post-mortem immunohistochemistry showed that increased oligodendrocyte density and myelination coincided with increased survival of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons near the implant. Overall, we showed a positive relationship between enhanced oligodendrocyte activity and neuronal health and functionality near the chronically implanted microelectrode. This study shows that therapeutic strategy that enhance oligodendrocyte activity is effective for integrating the functional device interface with brain tissue over chronic implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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25
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Ferrari Bardile C, Radulescu CI, Pouladi MA. Oligodendrocyte pathology in Huntington's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:802-816. [PMID: 37591764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with myelin sheaths, are critical for brain development and function. There is new recognition of the role of OLGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington's disease (HD), a prototypic NDD caused by a polyglutamine tract expansion in huntingtin (HTT), which results in gain- and loss-of-function effects. Clinically, HD is characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances. White matter (WM) structures, representing myelin-rich regions of the brain, are profoundly affected in HD, and recent findings reveal oligodendroglia dysfunction as an early pathological event. Here, we focus on mechanisms that underlie oligodendroglial deficits and dysmyelination in the progression of the disease, highlighting the pathogenic contributions of mutant HTT (mHTT). We also discuss potential therapeutic implications involving these molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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26
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Zhu J, Jiang X, Chang Y, Wu Y, Sun S, Wang C, Zheng S, Wang M, Yao Y, Li G, Ma R. Clemastine fumarate attenuates tauopathy and meliorates cognition in hTau mice via autophagy enhancement. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110649. [PMID: 37494840 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Clemastine fumarate, which has been identified as a promising agent for remyelination and autophagy enhancement, has been shown to mitigate Aβ deposition and improve cognitive function in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Based on these findings, we investigated the effect of clemastine fumarate in hTau mice, a different Alzheimer's disease model characterized by overexpression of human Tau protein. Surprisingly, clemastine fumarate was effective in reducing pathological deposition of Tau protein, protecting neurons and synapses from damage, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving cognitive impairment in hTau mice. Interestingly, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, had a significant impact on total and Sarkosyl fractions of autophagy, demonstrating that it can interrupt autophagy. Notably, after administration of chloroquine, levels of Tau protein were significantly increased. When clemastine fumarate was co-administered with chloroquine, the protective effects were reversed, indicating that clemastine fumarate indeed triggered autophagy and promoted the degradation of Tau protein, while also inhibiting further Tauopathy-related neuroinflammation and synapse loss to improve cognitive function in hTau mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033 Hubei, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yanmin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shangqi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Siyi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033 Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033 Hubei, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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27
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Jiang S, Wang X, Cao T, Kang R, Huang L. Insights on therapeutic potential of clemastine in neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1279985. [PMID: 37840769 PMCID: PMC10568021 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1279985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clemastine, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound, is recognized as a first-generation, widely available antihistamine that reduces histamine-induced symptoms. Evidence has confirmed that clemastine can transport across the blood-brain barrier and act on specific neurons and neuroglia to exert its protective effect. In this review, we summarize the beneficial effects of clemastine in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative disease, neurodevelopmental deficits, brain injury, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we highlight key cellular links between clemastine and different CNS cells, in particular in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), oligodendrocytes (OLs), microglia, and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xueji Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rongtian Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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28
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Bohlen JF, Cleary CM, Das D, Sripathy SR, Sadowski N, Shim G, Kenney RF, Buchler IP, Banerji T, Scanlan TS, Mulkey DK, Maher BJ. Promyelinating drugs promote functional recovery in an autism spectrum disorder mouse model of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. Brain 2023; 146:3331-3346. [PMID: 37068912 PMCID: PMC10393406 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the human transcription factor 4 gene (TCF4). One pathobiological process caused by murine Tcf4 mutation is a cell autonomous reduction in oligodendrocytes and myelination. In this study, we show that the promyelinating compounds, clemastine, sobetirome and Sob-AM2 are effective at restoring myelination defects in a Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model. In vitro, clemastine treatment reduced excess oligodendrocyte precursor cells and normalized oligodendrocyte density. In vivo, 2-week intraperitoneal administration of clemastine also normalized oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte density in the cortex of Tcf4 mutant mice and appeared to increase the number of axons undergoing myelination, as EM imaging of the corpus callosum showed a significant increase in the proportion of uncompacted myelin and an overall reduction in the g-ratio. Importantly, this treatment paradigm resulted in functional rescue by improving electrophysiology and behaviour. To confirm behavioural rescue was achieved via enhancing myelination, we show that treatment with the thyroid hormone receptor agonist sobetirome or its brain penetrating prodrug Sob-AM2, was also effective at normalizing oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte densities and behaviour in the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mouse model. Together, these results provide preclinical evidence that promyelinating therapies may be beneficial in Pitt-Hopkins syndrome and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysmyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Bohlen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Colin M Cleary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Debamitra Das
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Srinidhi Rao Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rakaia F Kenney
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingrid P Buchler
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tapasree Banerji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thomas S Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Program in Chemical Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel K Mulkey
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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29
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Tokarska N, Naniong JMA, Johnston JM, Salapa HE, Muir GD, Levin MC, Popescu BF, Verge VMK. Acute intermittent hypoxia alters disease course and promotes CNS repair including resolution of inflammation and remyelination in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS. Glia 2023; 71:2045-2066. [PMID: 37132422 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination and neurodegeneration prevention mitigate disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We have shown acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is a novel, non-invasive and effective therapy for peripheral nerve repair, including remyelination. Thus, we posited AIH would improve repair following CNS demyelination and address the paucity of MS repair treatments. AIH's capacity to enhance intrinsic repair, functional recovery and alter disease course in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS was assessed. EAE was induced by MOG35-55 immunization in C57BL/6 female mice. EAE mice received either AIH (10 cycles-5 min 11% oxygen alternating with 5 min 21% oxygen) or Normoxia (control; 21% oxygen for same duration) once daily for 7d beginning at near peak EAE disease score of 2.5. Mice were followed post-treatment for an additional 7d before assessing histopathology or 14d to examine maintenance of AIH effects. Alterations in histopathological correlates of multiple repair indices were analyzed quantitatively in focally demyelinated ventral lumbar spinal cord areas to assess AIH impacts. AIH begun at near peak disease significantly improved daily clinical scores/functional recovery and associated histopathology relative to Normoxia controls and the former were maintained for at least 14d post-treatment. AIH enhanced correlates of myelination, axon protection and oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment to demyelinated areas. AIH also effected a dramatic reduction in inflammation, while polarizing remaining macrophages/microglia toward a pro-repair state. Collectively, this supports a role for AIH as a novel non-invasive therapy to enhance CNS repair and alter disease course following demyelination and holds promise as a neuroregenerative MS strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Tokarska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Justin M A Naniong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jayne M Johnston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gillian D Muir
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- College of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Valerie M K Verge
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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30
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Meyer CE, Smith AW, Padilla-Requerey AA, Farkhondeh V, Itoh N, Itoh Y, Gao JL, Herbig PD, Nguyen Q, Ngo KH, Oberoi MR, Siddarth P, Voskuhl RR, MacKenzie-Graham A. Neuroprotection in Cerebral Cortex Induced by the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100189. [PMID: 37245852 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination occurs in the cerebral cortex, and cerebral cortex atrophy correlates with clinical disabilities. Treatments are needed in MS to induce remyelination. Pregnancy is protective in MS. Estriol is made by the fetoplacental unit, and maternal serum estriol levels temporally align with fetal myelination. Here, we determined the effect of estriol treatment on the cerebral cortex in the preclinical model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Estriol treatment initiated after disease onset decreased cerebral cortex atrophy. Neuropathology of the cerebral cortex showed increased cholesterol synthesis proteins in oligodendrocytes, more newly formed remyelinating oligodendrocytes, and increased myelin in estriol-treated EAE mice. Estriol treatment also decreased the loss of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons and their apical dendrites and preserved synapses. Together, estriol treatment after EAE onset reduced atrophy and was neuroprotective in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew W Smith
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aitana A Padilla-Requerey
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vista Farkhondeh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noriko Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Josephine L Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick D Herbig
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Quynhanh Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katelyn H Ngo
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mandavi R Oberoi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rhonda R Voskuhl
- UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan MacKenzie-Graham
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Multiple Sclerosis Program, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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31
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Zhou Y, Zhang J. Neuronal activity and remyelination: new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221890. [PMID: 37564376 PMCID: PMC10410458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Packer D, Fresenko EE, Harrington EP. Remyelination in animal models of multiple sclerosis: finding the elusive grail of regeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1207007. [PMID: 37448959 PMCID: PMC10338073 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1207007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Remyelination biology and the therapeutic potential of restoring myelin sheaths to prevent neurodegeneration and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) has made considerable gains over the past decade with many regeneration strategies undergoing tested in MS clinical trials. Animal models used to investigate oligodendroglial responses and regeneration of myelin vary considerably in the mechanism of demyelination, involvement of inflammatory cells, neurodegeneration and capacity for remyelination. The investigation of remyelination in the context of aging and an inflammatory environment are of considerable interest for the potential translation to progressive multiple sclerosis. Here we review how remyelination is assessed in mouse models of demyelination, differences and advantages of these models, therapeutic strategies that have emerged and current pro-remyelination clinical trials.
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Shafit-Zagardo B, Sidoli S, Goldman JE, DuBois JC, Corboy JR, Strittmatter SM, Guzik H, Edema U, Arackal AG, Botbol YM, Merheb E, Nagra RM, Graff S. TMEM106B Puncta Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, and Reduced Protein in Mice Results in Delayed Lipid Clearance Following CNS Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1734. [PMID: 37443768 PMCID: PMC10340176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation and axonal damage are prevalent early in the course. Axonal damage includes swelling, defects in transport, and failure to clear damaged intracellular proteins, all of which affect recovery and compromise neuronal integrity. The clearance of damaged cell components is important to maintain normal turnover and restore homeostasis. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to identify insoluble proteins within high-speed/mercaptoethanol/sarcosyl-insoluble pellets from purified white matter plaques isolated from the brains of individuals with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). We determined that the transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), normally lysosome-associated, is insoluble in RRMS plaques relative to normal-appearing white matter from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and non-neurologic controls. Relative to wild-type mice, hypomorphic mice with a reduction in TMEM106B have increased axonal damage and lipid droplet accumulation in the spinal cord following myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Additionally, the corpora callosa from cuprizone-challenged hypomorphic mice fail to clear lipid droplets efficiently during remyelination, suggesting that when TMEM106B is compromised, protein and lipid clearance by the lysosome is delayed. As TMEM106B contains putative lipid- and LC3-binding sites, further exploration of these sites is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Juwen C DuBois
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - John R Corboy
- Rocky Mountain MS Brain Bank, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hillary Guzik
- Analytic Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ukuemi Edema
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Anita G Arackal
- Department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Yair M Botbol
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Emilio Merheb
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rashed M Nagra
- UCLA Brain Bank, VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Sarah Graff
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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Mezydlo A, Treiber N, Ullrich Gavilanes EM, Eichenseer K, Ancău M, Wens A, Ares Carral C, Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M. Remyelination by surviving oligodendrocytes is inefficient in the inflamed mammalian cortex. Neuron 2023; 111:1748-1759.e8. [PMID: 37071991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory attack results in myelin loss, which can be partially reversed by remyelination. Recent studies suggest that mature oligodendrocytes could contribute to remyelination by generating new myelin. Here, we show that in a mouse model of cortical multiple sclerosis pathology, surviving oligodendrocytes can indeed extend new proximal processes but rarely generate new myelin internodes. Furthermore, drugs that boost myelin recovery by targeting oligodendrocyte precursor cells did not enhance this alternate mode of myelin regeneration. These data indicate that the contribution of surviving oligodendrocytes to myelin recovery in the inflamed mammalian CNS is minor and inhibited by distinct remyelination brakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mezydlo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Treiber
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emily Melisa Ullrich Gavilanes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katharina Eichenseer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mihai Ancău
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adinda Wens
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carla Ares Carral
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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35
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Nagree MS, Rybova J, Kleynerman A, Ahrenhoerster CJ, Saville JT, Xu T, Bachochin M, McKillop WM, Lawlor MW, Pshezhetsky AV, Isaeva O, Budde MD, Fuller M, Medin JA. Spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype in a mouse model of acid ceramidase deficiency. Commun Biol 2023; 6:560. [PMID: 37231125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ASAH1 have been linked to two allegedly distinct disorders: Farber disease (FD) and spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME). We have previously reported FD-like phenotypes in mice harboring a single amino acid substitution in acid ceramidase (ACDase), P361R, known to be pathogenic in humans (P361R-Farber). Here we describe a mouse model with an SMA-PME-like phenotype (P361R-SMA). P361R-SMA mice live 2-3-times longer than P361R-Farber mice and have different phenotypes including progressive ataxia and bladder dysfunction, which suggests neurological dysfunction. We found profound demyelination, loss of axons, and altered sphingolipid levels in P361R-SMA spinal cords; severe pathology was restricted to the white matter. Our model can serve as a tool to study the pathological effects of ACDase deficiency on the central nervous system and to evaluate potential therapies for SMA-PME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza S Nagree
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jitka Rybova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Annie Kleynerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Jennifer T Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - TianMeng Xu
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - William M McKillop
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Olena Isaeva
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew D Budde
- Clement J. Zablocki Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Wu H, Chen X, Yu B, Zhang J, Gu X, Liu W, Mei F, Ye J, Xiao L. Deficient deposition of new myelin impairs adult optic nerve function in a murine model of diabetes. Glia 2023; 71:1333-1345. [PMID: 36661098 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Visual impairment in diabetes is a growing public health concern. Apart from the well-defined diabetic retinopathy, disturbed optic nerve function, which is dependent on the myelin sheath, has recently been recognized as an early feature of visual impairment in diabetes. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, we observed a myelin deficiency along with a disturbed composition of oligodendroglial lineage cells in diabetic optic nerve. We found that new myelin deposition, a continuous process that lasts throughout adulthood, was diminished during pathogenesis. Genetically dampening newly generated myelin by conditionally deleting olig2 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells within this short time window extensively delayed the signal transmission of the adult optic nerve. In addition, clemastine, an antimuscarinic compound that enhances myelination, significantly restored oligodendroglia, and promoted the functional recovery of the optic nerve in diabetic mice. Together, our results point to the role of new myelin deposition in optic neuropathy under diabetic insult and provide a promising therapeutic target for restoring visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Neuroscience, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingmei Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Oertel FC, Krämer J, Motamedi S, Keihani A, Zimmermann HG, Dimitriou NG, Condor-Montes S, Bereuter C, Cordano C, Abdelhak A, Trip A, Aktas O, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Ruprecht K, Bellmann-Strobl J, Paul F, Petzold A, Brandt AU, Albrecht P, Green AJ. Visually Evoked Potential as Prognostic Biomarker for Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis From a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:e200092. [PMID: 36878713 PMCID: PMC10026703 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES With the increasing use of visually evoked potentials (VEPs) as quantitative outcome parameters for myelin in clinical trials, an in-depth understanding of longitudinal VEP latency changes and their prognostic potential for subsequent neuronal loss will be required. In this longitudinal multicenter study, we evaluated the association and prognostic potential of VEP latency for retinal neurodegeneration, measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS We included 293 eyes of 147 patients with RRMS (age [years, median ± SD] 36 ± 10, male sex 35%, F/U [years, median {IQR} 2.1 {1.5-3.9}]): 41 eyes had a history of optic neuritis (ON) ≥6 months before baseline (CHRONIC-ON), and 252 eyes had no history of ON (CHRONIC-NON). P100 latency (VEP), macular combined ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer volume (GCIPL), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) (OCT) were quantified. RESULTS P100 latency change over the first year predicted subsequent GCIPL loss (36 months) across the entire chronic cohort (p = 0.001) and in (and driven by) the CHRONIC-NON subset (p = 0.019) but not in the CHRONIC-ON subset (p = 0.680). P100 latency and pRNFL were correlated at baseline (CHRONIC-NON p = 0.004, CHRONIC-ON p < 0.001), but change in P100 latency and pRNFL were not correlated. P100 latency did not differ longitudinally between protocols or centers. DISCUSSION VEP in non-ON eyes seems to be a promising marker of demyelination in RRMS and of potential prognostic value for subsequent retinal ganglion cell loss. This study also provides evidence that VEP may be a useful and reliable biomarker for multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Cosima Oertel
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Julia Krämer
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Seyedamirhosein Motamedi
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Azeen Keihani
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Hanna G Zimmermann
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Nikolaos G Dimitriou
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Shivany Condor-Montes
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Charlotte Bereuter
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Christian Cordano
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Ahmed Abdelhak
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Anand Trip
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Orhan Aktas
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Sven G Meuth
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Axel Petzold
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Alexander U Brandt
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF)
| | - Ari J Green
- From the Weill Institute for Neurosciences (F.C.C.O., A.K., S.C.-M., C.C., A.A., A.J.G.), Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.C.O., S.M., H.G.Z., C.B., J.B.-S., F.P., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; University of California Berkeley (A.K.); Department of Neurology (N.G.D., O.A., S.G.M., P.A.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinic Moenchengladbach, Germany; Queen Square MS Centre (A.T., A.P.), University College London, UK; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.),-Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Moorfield's Eye Hospital & The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P.); Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Dutch Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre, Amsterdam, NL; Department of Neurology (A.U.B.), University of California Irvine (UCI); and Department of Ophthalmology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco (UCSF).
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Fiedler T, Fairless R, Pichi K, Fischer R, Richter F, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Diem R, Williams SK. Co-modulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:100. [PMID: 37122019 PMCID: PMC10149004 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and master regulator of the immune system. It acts through two receptors resulting in often opposing biological effects, which may explain the lack of therapeutic potential obtained so far in multiple sclerosis (MS) with non-receptor-specific anti-TNF therapeutics. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, such as MS, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) is believed to mediate the pro-inflammatory activities associated with TNF, whereas TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2) may instead induce anti-inflammatory effects as well as promote remyelination and neuroprotection. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic potential of blocking TNFR1 whilst simultaneously stimulating TNFR2 in a mouse model of MS. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in humanized TNFR1 knock-in mice. These were treated with a human-specific TNFR1-selective antagonistic antibody (H398) and a mouse-specific TNFR2 agonist (EHD2-sc-mTNFR2), both in combination and individually. Histopathological analysis of spinal cords was performed to investigate demyelination and inflammatory infiltration, as well as axonal and neuronal degeneration. Retinas were examined for any protective effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and neuroprotective signalling pathways analysed by Western blotting. RESULTS TNFR modulation successfully ameliorated symptoms of EAE and reduced demyelination, inflammatory infiltration and axonal degeneration. Furthermore, the combinatorial approach of blocking TNFR1 and stimulating TNFR2 signalling increased RGC survival and promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB, both known to mediate neuroprotection. CONCLUSION These results further support the potential of regulating the balance of TNFR signalling, through the co-modulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 activity, as a novel therapeutic approach in treating inflammatory demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Fiedler
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kira Pichi
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- BioNtech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Richter
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Otto-Mayerhof-Zentrum (OMZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kapell H, Fazio L, Dyckow J, Schwarz S, Cruz-Herranz A, Mayer C, Campos J, D’Este E, Möbius W, Cordano C, Pröbstel AK, Gharagozloo M, Zulji A, Narayanan Naik V, Delank A, Cerina M, Müntefering T, Lerma-Martin C, Sonner JK, Sin JH, Disse P, Rychlik N, Sabeur K, Chavali M, Srivastava R, Heidenreich M, Fitzgerald KC, Seebohm G, Stadelmann C, Hemmer B, Platten M, Jentsch TJ, Engelhardt M, Budde T, Nave KA, Calabresi PA, Friese MA, Green AJ, Acuna C, Rowitch DH, Meuth SG, Schirmer L. Neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at nodes of Ranvier protects against inflammatory demyelination. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164223. [PMID: 36719741 PMCID: PMC10065072 DOI: 10.1172/jci164223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that vulnerable neurons in MS exhibit fatal metabolic exhaustion over time, a phenomenon hypothesized to be caused by chronic hyperexcitability. Axonal Kv7 (outward-rectifying) and oligodendroglial Kir4.1 (inward-rectifying) potassium channels have important roles in regulating neuronal excitability at and around the nodes of Ranvier. Here, we studied the spatial and functional relationship between neuronal Kv7 and oligodendroglial Kir4.1 channels and assessed the transcriptional and functional signatures of cortical and retinal projection neurons under physiological and inflammatory demyelinating conditions. We found that both channels became dysregulated in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with Kir4.1 channels being chronically downregulated and Kv7 channel subunits being transiently upregulated during inflammatory demyelination. Further, we observed that pharmacological Kv7 channel opening with retigabine reduced neuronal hyperexcitability in human and EAE neurons, improved clinical EAE signs, and rescued neuronal pathology in oligodendrocyte-Kir4.1-deficient (OL-Kir4.1-deficient) mice. In summary, our findings indicate that neuron-OL compensatory interactions promoted resilience through Kv7 and Kir4.1 channels and identify pharmacological activation of nodal Kv7 channels as a neuroprotective strategy against inflammatory demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kapell
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Fazio
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Dyckow
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrés Cruz-Herranz
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christina Mayer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joaquin Campos
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa D’Este
- Optical Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Network of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Cordano
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjan Gharagozloo
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amel Zulji
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan Naik
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Delank
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | | | - Celia Lerma-Martin
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana K. Sonner
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jung Hyung Sin
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul Disse
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, UKM, Münster, Germany
- University of Münster, Chembion, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Rychlik
- University of Münster, Chembion, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manideep Chavali
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Heidenreich
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn C. Fitzgerald
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, UKM, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN) and
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Jentsch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ari J. Green
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claudio Acuna
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H. Rowitch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster (UKM), Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN) and
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wu SL, Yu B, Cheng YJ, Ren SY, Wang F, Xiao L, Chen JF, Mei F. Brain region-specific myelinogenesis is not directly linked to amyloid-β in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114344. [PMID: 36736651 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aggregating amyloid beta-protein (Aβ). Recent evidence has shown that insufficient myelinogenesis contributes to AD-related functional deficits. However, it remains unclear whether Aβ, in either plaque or soluble form, could alter myelinogenesis in AD brains. By cell-lineage tracing and labeling, we found both myelinogenesis and Aβ deposits displayed a region-specific pattern in the 13-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brains. Aβ plaques cause focal demyelination, but only about 15% Aβ plaques are closely associated with newly formed myelin in the APP/PS1 brains. Further, the Aβ plaque total area and the amount of new myelin are not linearly correlated across different cortical regions, suggesting that Aβ plaques induce demyelination but may not exclusively trigger remyelination. To understand the role of soluble Aβ in regulating myelinogenesis, we chose to observe the visual system, wherein soluble Aβ is detectable but without the presence of Aβ plaques in the APP/PS1 retina, optic nerve, and optic tract. Interestingly, newly-formed myelin density was not significantly altered in the APP/PS1 optic nerves and optic tracts as compared to the wildtype controls, suggesting soluble Aβ probably does not change myelinogenesis. Further, treatment of purified oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) with soluble Aβ (oligomers) for 48 h did not change the cell densities of MBP positive cells and PDGFRα positive OPCs in vitro. Consistently, injection of soluble Aβ into the lateral ventricles did not alter myelinogenesis in the corpus callosum of NG2-CreErt; Tau-mGFP mice significantly. Together, these findings indicate that the region-dependent myelinogenesis in AD brains is not directly linked to Aβ, but rather probably a synergic result in adapting to AD pathology.
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Poppell M, Hammel G, Ren Y. Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5925. [PMID: 36982999 PMCID: PMC10059890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Zhi JJ, Wu SL, Wu HQ, Ran Q, Gao X, Chen JF, Gu XM, Li T, Wang F, Xiao L, Ye J, Mei F. Insufficient Oligodendrocyte Turnover in Optic Nerve Contributes to Age-Related Axon Loss and Visual Deficits. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1859-1870. [PMID: 36725322 PMCID: PMC10027114 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2130-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in visual functions is a prevalent health problem among elderly people, and no effective therapies are available up-to-date. Axon degeneration and myelin loss in optic nerves (ONs) are age-dependent and become evident in middle-aged (13-18 months) and old (20-22 months) mice of either sex compared with adult mice (3-8 months), accompanied by functional deficits. Oligodendrocyte (OL) turnover is actively going on in adult ONs. However, the longitudinal change and functional significance of OL turnover in aging ONs remain largely unknown. Here, using cell-lineage labeling and tracing, we reported that oligodendrogenesis displayed an age-dependent decrease in aging ONs. To understand whether active OL turnover is required for maintaining axons and visual function, we conditionally deleted the transcription factor Olig2 in the oligodendrocyte precursor cells of young mice. Genetically dampening OL turnover by Olig2 ablation resulted in accelerated axon loss and retinal degeneration, and subsequently impaired ON signal transmission, suggesting that OL turnover is an important mechanism to sustain axon survival and visual function. To test whether enhancing oligodendrogenesis can prevent age-related visual deficits, 12-month-old mice were treated with clemastine, a pro-myelination drug, or induced deletion of the muscarinic receptor 1 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The clemastine treatment or muscarinic receptor 1 deletion significantly increased new OL generation in the aged ONs and consequently preserved visual function and retinal integrity. Together, our data indicate that dynamic OL turnover in ONs is required for axon survival and visual function, and enhancing new OL generation represents a potential approach to reversing age-related declines of visual function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oligodendrocyte (OL) turnover has been reported in adult optic nerves (ONs), but the longitudinal change and functional significance of OL turnover during aging remain largely unknown. Using cell-lineage tracing and oligodendroglia-specific manipulation, this study reported that OL generation was active in adult ONs and the efficiency decreased in an age-dependent manner. Genetically dampening OL generation by Olig2 ablation resulted in significant axon loss and retinal degeneration, along with delayed visual signal transmission. Conversely, pro-myelination approaches significantly increased new myelin generation in aging ONs, and consequently preserved retinal integrity and visual function. Our findings indicate that promoting OL generation might be a promising strategy to preserve visual function from age-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Hao-Qian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qi Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing-Mei Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Medical English Teaching and Research, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Yamazaki R, Osanai Y, Kouki T, Huang JK, Ohno N. Pharmacological treatment promoting remyelination enhances motor function after internal capsule demyelination in mice. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105505. [PMID: 36754122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by remyelination failure, axonal degeneration, and progressive worsening of motor functions. Animal models of demyelination are frequently used to develop and evaluate therapies for MS. We recently reported that focal internal capsule (IC) demyelination in mice with lysophosphatidylcholine injection induced acute motor deficits followed by recovery through remyelination. However, it remains unknown whether the IC demyelination mouse model can be used to evaluate changes in motor functions caused by pharmacological treatments that promote remyelination using behavioral testing and histological analysis. In this study, we examined the effect of clemastine, an anti-muscarinic drug that promotes remyelination, in the mouse IC demyelination model. Clemastine administration improved motor function and changed forepaw preference in the IC demyelinated mice. Moreover, clemastine-treated mice showed increased mature oligodendrocyte density, reduced axonal injury, an increased number of myelinated axons and thicker myelin in the IC lesions compared with control (PBS-treated) mice. These results suggest that the lysophosphatidylcholine-induced IC demyelination model is useful for evaluating changes in motor functions following pharmacological treatments that promote remyelination.
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Motawi TK, El-Maraghy SA, Kamel AS, Said SE, Kortam MA. Modulation of p38 MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis outline the anti-neuroinflammatory and remyelinating characters of Clemastine in EAE rat model. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115435. [PMID: 36720356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is vast evidence for the effect of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome on multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Clemastine (CLM) targets NLRP3 in hypoxic brain injury and promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation. However, no previous study pointed to the link of CLM with inflammasome components in MS. Herein, the study aimed to verify the action of CLM on NLRP3 signaling in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an MS rat model. Homogenate of spinal cord with complete Freund's adjuvant was administered on days 0 and 7 to induce EAE. Rats received either CLM (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.) or MCC950 (2.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) for 15 days starting from the first immunization day. In EAEs' brains, NLRP3 pathway components; total and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukins 1β and -18 along with pyroptotic marker; gasdermin D (GSDMD) were upregulated. These were accompanied with diminished nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and total antioxidant capacity levels. CLM improved these perturbations as well as signs of MS; weight loss, clinical scores, and motor disorders observed in the open field, hanging wire and rotarod tests. Histopathological examinations revealed improvement in H&E abnormalities and axonal demyelination as shown by luxol fast blue stain in lumbar sections of spinal cord. These CLM's actions were studied in comparison to MCC950 as a well-established selective blocker of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusively, CLM has a protective role against neuroinflammation and demyelination in EAE via its anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Salma E Said
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Kortam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy st., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen K, Cambi F, Kozai TDY. Pro-myelinating Clemastine administration improves recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrodes and nearby neuronal health. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.31.526463. [PMID: 36778360 PMCID: PMC9915570 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes have become a useful tool in neuroprosthetic applications in the clinic and to understand neurological disorders in basic neurosciences. Many of these brain-machine interface technology applications require successful long-term implantation with high stability and sensitivity. However, the intrinsic tissue reaction caused by implantation remains a major failure mechanism causing loss of recorded signal quality over time. Oligodendrocytes remain an underappreciated intervention target to improve chronic recording performance. These cells can accelerate action potential propagation and provides direct metabolic support for neuronal health and functionality. However, implantation injury causes oligodendrocyte degeneration and leads to progressive demyelination in surrounding brain tissue. Previous work highlighted that healthy oligodendrocytes are necessary for greater electrophysiological recording performance and the prevention of neuronal silencing around implanted microelectrodes over chronic implantation. Thus, we hypothesize that enhancing oligodendrocyte activity with a pharmaceutical drug, Clemastine, will prevent the chronic decline of microelectrode recording performance. Electrophysiological evaluation showed that the promyelination Clemastine treatment significantly elevated the signal detectability and quality, rescued the loss of multi-unit activity, and increased functional interlaminar connectivity over 16-weeks of implantation. Additionally, post-mortem immunohistochemistry showed that increased oligodendrocyte density and myelination coincided with increased survival of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons near the implant. Overall, we showed a positive relationship between enhanced oligodendrocyte activity and neuronal health and functionality near the chronically implanted microelectrode. This study shows that therapeutic strategy that enhance oligodendrocyte activity is effective for integrating the functional device interface with brain tissue over chronic implantation period. Abstract Figure
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Nechanitzky R, Nechanitzky D, Ramachandran P, Duncan GS, Zheng C, Göbl C, Gill KT, Haight J, Wakeham AC, Snow BE, Bradaschia-Correa V, Ganguly M, Lu Z, Saunders ME, Flavell RA, Mak TW. Cholinergic control of Th17 cell pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:407-416. [PMID: 36528755 PMCID: PMC9950465 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which Th17 cells have a crucial but unclear function. Here we show that choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which synthesizes acetylcholine (ACh), is a critical driver of pathogenicity in EAE. Mice with ChAT-deficient Th17 cells resist disease progression and show reduced brain-infiltrating immune cells. ChAT expression in Th17 cells is linked to strong TCR signaling, expression of the transcription factor Bhlhe40, and increased Il2, Il17, Il22, and Il23r mRNA levels. ChAT expression in Th17 cells is independent of IL21r signaling but dampened by TGFβ, implicating ChAT in controlling the dichotomous nature of Th17 cells. Our study establishes a cholinergic program in which ACh signaling primes chronic activation of Th17 cells, and thereby constitutes a pathogenic determinant of EAE. Our work may point to novel targets for therapeutic immunomodulation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nechanitzky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Duygu Nechanitzky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Ramachandran
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon S Duncan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chunxing Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Göbl
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kyle T Gill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Wakeham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Milan Ganguly
- Histology Core, The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhibin Lu
- UHN Bioinformatics and HPC Core, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary E Saunders
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Moyon S, Holloman M, Salzer JL. Neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells compete for remyelination in the corpus callosum. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1114781. [PMID: 36779010 PMCID: PMC9909070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A major therapeutic goal in demyelinating diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, is to improve remyelination, thereby restoring effective axon conduction and preventing neurodegeneration. In the adult central nervous system (CNS), parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pOPCs) and, to a lesser extent, pre-existing oligodendrocytes (OLs) and oligodendrocytes generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) are capable of forming new myelin sheaths. Due to their self-renewal capabilities and the ability of their progeny to migrate widely within the CNS, NSCs represent an additional source of remyelinating cells that may be targeted to supplement repair by pOPCs. However, in demyelinating disorders and disease models, the NSC contribution to myelin repair is modest and most evident in regions close to the SVZ. We hypothesized that NSC-derived cells may compete with OPCs to remyelinate the same axons, with pOPCs serving as the primary remyelinating cells due to their widespread distribution within the adult CNS, thereby limiting the contribution of NSC-progeny. Here, we have used a dual reporter, genetic fate mapping strategy, to characterize the contribution of pOPCs and NSC-derived OLs to remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination. We confirmed that, while pOPCs are the main remyelinating cells in the corpus callosum, NSC-derived cells are also activated and recruited to demyelinating lesions. Blocking pOPC differentiation genetically, resulted in a significant increase in the recruitment NSC-derived cells into the demyelinated corpus callosum and their differentiation into OLs. These results strongly suggest that pOPCs and NSC-progeny compete to repair white matter lesions. They underscore the potential significance of targeting NSCs to improve repair when the contribution of pOPCs is insufficient to affect full remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moyon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mara Holloman
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - James L. Salzer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Tonietto M, Poirion E, Lazzarotto A, Ricigliano V, Papeix C, Bottlaender M, Bodini B, Stankoff B. Periventricular remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis: a substrate for neurodegeneration. Brain 2023; 146:182-194. [PMID: 36097347 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, spontaneous remyelination is generally incomplete and heterogeneous across patients. A high heterogeneity in remyelination may also exist across lesions within the same individual, suggesting the presence of local factors interfering with myelin regeneration. In this study we explored in vivo the regional distribution of myelin repair and investigated its relationship with neurodegeneration. We first took advantage of the myelin binding property of the amyloid radiotracer 11C-PiB to conduct a longitudinal 11C-PiB PET study in an original cohort of 19 participants with a relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis, followed-up over a period of 1-4 months. We then replicated our results on an independent cohort of 40 people with multiple sclerosis followed-up over 1 year with magnetization transfer imaging, an MRI metrics sensitive to myelin content. For each imaging method, voxel-wise maps of myelin content changes were generated according to modality-specific thresholds. We demonstrated a selective failure of remyelination in periventricular white matter lesions of people with multiple sclerosis in both cohorts. In both the original and the replication cohort, we estimated that the probability of demyelinated voxels to remyelinate over the follow-up increased significantly as a function of the distance from ventricular CSF. Enlarged choroid plexus, a recently discovered biomarker linked to neuroinflammation, was found to be associated with the periventricular failure of remyelination in the two cohorts (r = -0.79, P = 0.0018; r = -0.40, P = 0.045, respectively), suggesting a role of the brain-CSF barrier in affecting myelin repair in surrounding tissues. In both cohorts, the failure of remyelination in periventricular white matter lesions was associated with lower thalamic volume (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001; r = 0.33; P = 0.069, respectively), an imaging marker of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, we also showed an association between the periventricular failure of remyelination and regional cortical atrophy that was mediated by the number of cortex-derived tracts passing through periventricular white matter lesions, especially in patients at the relapsing-remitting stage. Our findings demonstrate that lesion proximity to ventricles is associated with a failure of myelin repair and support the hypothesis that a selective periventricular remyelination failure in combination with the large number of tracts connecting periventricular lesions with cortical areas is a key mechanism contributing to cortical damage in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tonietto
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, France
| | - Emilie Poirion
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Lazzarotto
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, St Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Vito Ricigliano
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, St Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Papeix
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, France
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, St Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, ICM, CNRS, Inserm, Paris, France.,Neurology Department, St Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
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49
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Guo M, Xie P, Liu S, Luan G, Li T. Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): The Underlying Mechanisms and Therapy Targets Related to Adenosine. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:54-66. [PMID: 35794774 PMCID: PMC10193761 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly mutually comorbid, suggesting potential overlaps in genetic etiology, pathophysiology, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Adenosine, an endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotective neuromodulator of the brain, has been proved to affect the process of epilepsy and ASD. On the one hand, adenosine plays a crucial role in preventing the progression and development of epilepsy through adenosine receptordependent and -independent ways. On the other hand, adenosine signaling can not only regulate core symptoms but also improve comorbid disorders in ASD. Given the important role of adenosine in epilepsy and ASD, therapeutic strategies related to adenosine, including the ketogenic diet, neuromodulation therapy, and adenosine augmentation therapy, have been suggested for the arrangement of epilepsy and ASD. There are several proposals in this review. Firstly, it is necessary to further discuss the relationship between both diseases based on the comorbid symptoms and mechanisms of epilepsy and ASD. Secondly, it is important to explore the role of adenosine involved in epilepsy and ASD. Lastly, potential therapeutic value and clinical approaches of adenosine-related therapies in treating epilepsy and ASD need to be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Guo
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pandeng Xie
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
- Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
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50
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Samtani G, Kim S, Michaud D, Hillhouse AE, Szule JA, Konganti K, Li J. Brain region dependent molecular signatures and myelin repair following chronic demyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1169786. [PMID: 37180951 PMCID: PMC10171432 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1169786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and progressive loss of neurological functions. Remyelination is considered an axonal protection strategy and may enable functional recovery, but the mechanisms of myelin repair, especially after chronic demyelination, remain poorly understood. Here, we used the cuprizone demyelination mouse model to investigate spatiotemporal characteristics of acute and chronic de- and remyelination and motor functional recovery following chronic demyelination. Extensive remyelination occurred after both the acute and chronic insults, but with less robust glial responses and slower myelin recovery in the chronic phase. Axonal damage was found at the ultrastructural level in the chronically demyelinated corpus callosum and in remyelinated axons in the somatosensory cortex. Unexpectedly, we observed the development of functional motor deficits after chronic remyelination. RNA sequencing of isolated brain regions revealed significantly altered transcripts across the corpus callosum, cortex and hippocampus. Pathway analysis identified selective upregulation of extracellular matrix/collagen pathways and synaptic signaling in the chronically de/remyelinating white matter. Our study demonstrates regional differences of intrinsic reparative mechanisms after a chronic demyelinating insult and suggests a potential link between long-term motor function alterations and continued axonal damage during chronic remyelination. Moreover, the transcriptome dataset of three brain regions and over an extended de/remyelination period provides a valuable platform for a better understanding of the mechanisms of myelin repair as well as the identification of potential targets for effective remyelination and neuroprotection for progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Samtani
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sunja Kim
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Danielle Michaud
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Andrew E. Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joseph A. Szule
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianrong Li,
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