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Daza JF, Cuthbertson BH, Myles PS, Shulman MA, Wijeysundera DN, Wijeysundera DN, Pearse RM, Myles PS, Abbott TEF, Shulman MA, Torres E, Ambosta A, Melo M, Mamdani M, Thorpe KE, Wallace S, Farrington C, Croal BL, Granton JT, Oh P, Thompson B, Hillis G, Beattie WS, Wijeysundera HC, Ellis M, Borg B, Kerridge RK, Douglas J, Brannan J, Pretto J, Godsall MG, Beauchamp N, Allen S, Kennedy A, Wright E, Malherbe J, Ismail H, Riedel B, Melville A, Sivakumar H, Murmane A, Kenchington K, Kirabiyik Y, Gurunathan U, Stonell C, Brunello K, Steele K, Tronstad O, Masel P, Dent A, Smith E, Bodger A, Abolfathi M, Sivalingam P, Hall A, Painter TW, Macklin S, Elliott A, Carrera AM, Terblanche NCS, Pitt S, Samuels J, Wilde C, Leslie K, MacCormick A, Bramley D, Southcott AM, Grant J, Taylor H, Bates S, Towns M, Tippett A, Marshall F, McCartney CJL, Choi S, Somascanthan P, Flores K, Karkouti K, Clarke HA, Jerath A, McCluskey SA, Wasowicz M, Day L, Pazmino-Canizares J, Belliard R, Lee L, Dobson K, Stanbrook M, Hagen K, Campbell D, Short T, Van Der Westhuizen J, Higgie K, Lindsay H, Jang R, Wong C, McAllister D, Ali M, Kumar J, Waymouth E, Kim C, Dimech J, Lorimer M, Tai J, Miller R, Sara R, Collingwood A, Olliff S, Gabriel S, Houston H, Dalley P, Hurford S, Hunt A, Andrews L, Navarra L, Jason-Smith A, Thompson H, McMillan N, Back G. Measurement properties of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 for evaluating functional status after inpatient surgery. Br J Surg 2022; 109:968-976. [PMID: 35929065 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expert recommendations propose the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 as a core outcome measure in surgical studies, yet data on its long-term measurement properties remain limited. These were evaluated in a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) prospective cohort. METHODS Participants were adults (40 years of age or older) who underwent inpatient non-cardiac surgery. The 12-item WHODAS and EQ-5DTM-3L questionnaires were administered preoperatively (in person) and 1 year postoperatively (by telephone). Responsiveness was characterized using standardized response means (SRMs) and correlation coefficients between change scores. Construct validity was evaluated using correlation coefficients between 1-year scores and comparisons of WHODAS scores across clinically relevant subgroups. RESULTS The analysis included 546 patients. There was moderate correlation between changes in WHODAS and various EQ-5DTM subscales. The strongest correlation was between changes in WHODAS and changes in the functional domains of the EQ-5D-3L-for example, mobility (Spearman's rho 0.40, 95 per cent confidence interval [c.i.] 0.32 to 0.48) and usual activities (rho 0.45, 95 per cent c.i. 0.30 to 0.52). When compared across quartiles of EQ-5D index change, median WHODAS scores followed expected patterns of change. In subgroups with expected functional status changes, the WHODAS SRMs ranged from 'small' to 'large' in the expected directions of change. At 1 year, the WHODAS demonstrated convergence with the EQ-5D-3L functional domains, and good discrimination between patients with expected differences in functional status. CONCLUSION The WHODAS questionnaire has construct validity and responsiveness as a measure of functional status at 1 year after major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Daza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian H Cuthbertson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Shulman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duminda N Wijeysundera
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Piper M, Van Court B, Mueller A, Nguyen D, Gadwa J, Bickett T, Schulick R, Messersmith W, Del Chiaro M, Goodman K, Dent A, Kedl R, Lenz L, Karam S. P-218 STAT3 signaling inhibition in regulatory T cells improves immune response to RT in PDAC. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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3
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Shulman M, Cuthbertson B, Wijeysundera D, Pearse R, Thompson B, Torres E, Ambosta A, Wallace S, Farrington C, Myles P, Wallace S, Thompson B, Ellis M, Borg B, Kerridge R, Douglas J, Brannan J, Pretto J, Godsall M, Beauchamp N, Allen S, Kennedy A, Wright E, Malherbe J, Ismail H, Riedel B, Melville A, Sivakumar H, Murmane A, Kenchington K, Gurunathan U, Stonell C, Brunello K, Steele K, Tronstad O, Masel P, Dent A, Smith E, Bodger A, Abolfathi M, Sivalingam P, Hall A, Painter T, Macklin S, Elliott A, Carrera A, Terblanche N, Pitt S, Samuels J, Wilde C, MacCormick A, Leslie K, Bramley D, Southcott A, Grant J, Taylor H, Bates S, Towns M, Tippett A, Marshall F, McCartney C, Choi S, Somascanthan P, Flores K, Beattie W, Karkouti K, Clarke H, Jerath A, McCluskey S, Wasowicz M, Granton J, Day L, Pazmino-Canizares J, Hagen K, Campbell D, Short T, Van Der Westhuizen J, Higgie K, Lindsay H, Jang R, Wong C, Mcallister D, Ali M, Kumar J, Waymouth E, Kim C, Dimech J, Lorimer M, Tai J, Miller R, Sara R, Collingwood A, Olliff S, Gabriel S, Houston H, Dalley P, Hurford S, Hunt A, Andrews L, Navarra L, Jason-Smith A, Thompson H, McMillan N, Back G, Melo M, Mamdani M, Hillis G, Wijeysundera H. Using the 6-minute walk test to predict disability-free survival after major surgery. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Landers TF, Mollenkopf DF, Faubel RL, Dent A, Pancholi P, Daniels JB, Wittum TE. Extended-Spectrum β-lactam Resistance in the Enteric Flora of Patients at a Tertiary Care Medical Centre. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:161-164. [PMID: 27486061 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae expressing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are therapeutically used in both human and veterinary medicine, is of critical concern. The normal commensal flora of food animals may serve as an important reservoir for the zoonotic food-borne transmission of Enterobacteriaceae harbouring β-lactam resistance. We hypothesized that the predominant AmpC and ESBL genes reported in US livestock and fresh retail meat products, blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M , would also be predominant in human enteric flora. We recovered enteric flora from a convenience sample of patients included in a large tertiary medical centre's Clostridium difficile surveillance programme to screen for and estimate the frequency of carriage of AmpC and ESBL resistance genes. In- and outpatient diarrhoeic submissions (n = 692) received for C. difficile testing at the medical centre's clinical diagnostic laboratory from July to December, 2013, were included. Aliquoted to a transport swab, each submission was inoculated to MacConkey broth with cefotaxime, incubated at 37°C and then inoculated to MacConkey agars supplemented with cefoxitin and cefepime to select for the AmpC and ESBL phenotypes, with blaCMY and blaCTX-M genotypes confirmed by PCR and sequencing. From the 692 diarrhoeic submissions, our selective culture yielded 184 isolates (26.6%) with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime. Of these, 46 (6.7%) samples harboured commensal isolates carrying the AmpC blaCMY . Another 21 (3.0%) samples produced isolates harbouring the ESBL blaCTX-M : 19 carrying CTX-M-15 and 2 with CTX-M-27. Our results indicate that β-lactam resistance genes likely acquired through zoonotic food-borne transmission are present in the enteric flora of this hospital-associated population at lower levels than reported in livestock and fresh food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Landers
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D F Mollenkopf
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R L Faubel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Dent
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P Pancholi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J B Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T E Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Indesteege J, Camargo RE, Mackey PW, Bagaglio G, Dent A. Considerations on the Selection of Polyurethane Systems for Midsole Wedges in Athletic Footwear Application. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x9803400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most developments of high performance polyurethane foam systems for manufacturing sport shoe midsole wedges have concentrated on reducing the density while maintaining physical properties. In the drive to reduce the density of the midsole material it has become apparent that maximizing any one physical property can result in the deficiency of another critical parameter. Increasing the hardness of a soling material, for example, may be needed to increase the load capacity and potentially result in improved cushioning. However, if the system is not properly modified taking into account some basic principles of polyurethane elastomers, the resulting foam can have lower resiliency and tear strength. Therefore, it is important to understand the interrelationships of properties to ensure both the durability and performance of a sport shoe. Tear strength, tensile strength and elongation are specified to ensure the strength and durability, whereas pendulum rebound, skin hardness and resiliency are specified to ensure the performance and comfort of the shoe. This paper describes in detail the physical property balance for midsole wedge materials that satisfies typical hardness specifications of sport shoe manufacturers. It advocates using compression hardness instead of indentation or skin hardness to specify the load bearing characteristics of midsole materials. This paper also shows that the physical properties of a system vary as a function of the processing conditions, as well as how the measurement of these properties are affected by the testing environment. Using this information, the sport shoe designer can engineer not only the right product, but also the right process to guarantee the maximum performance and durability of a shoe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Indesteege
- ICI Polyurethanes R&T, Everslaan 45, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium
| | - R. E. Camargo
- ICI Polyurethanes R&T, Everslaan 45, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium
| | - P. W. Mackey
- ICI Polyurethanes R&T, Everslaan 45, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium
| | - G. Bagaglio
- ICI Polyurethanes, Everslaan 45, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium
| | - A. Dent
- ICI Asiatic Chemical Co., Bangkok, Thailand
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Fellowes JW, Pattrick RAD, Green DI, Dent A, Lloyd JR, Pearce CI. Use of biogenic and abiotic elemental selenium nanospheres to sequester elemental mercury released from mercury contaminated museum specimens. J Hazard Mater 2011; 189:660-669. [PMID: 21300433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mercuric chloride solutions have historically been used as pesticides to prevent bacterial, fungal and insect degradation of herbarium specimens. The University of Manchester museum herbarium contains over a million specimens from numerous collections, many preserved using HgCl(2) and its transformation to Hg(v)(0) represents a health risk to herbarium staff. Elevated mercury concentrations in work areas (∼ 1.7 μg m(-3)) are below advised safe levels (<25 μg m(-3)) but up to 90 μg m(-3) mercury vapour was measured in specimen boxes, representing a risk when accessing the samples. Mercury vapour release correlated strongly with temperature. Mercury salts were observed on botanical specimens at concentrations up to 2.85 wt% (bulk); XPS, SEM-EDS and XANES suggest the presence of residual HgCl(2) as well as cubic HgS and HgO. Bacterially derived, amorphous nanospheres of elemental selenium effectively sequestered the mercury vapour in the specimen boxes (up to 19 wt%), and analysis demonstrated that the Hg(v)(0) was oxidised by the selenium to form stable HgSe on the surface of the nanospheres. Biogenic Se(0) can be used to reduce Hg(v)(0) in long term, slow release environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fellowes
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Douangamath A, Brandao-Neto J, Marshall A, Williams J, Preece G, O'Hea J, Dent A, Duke E, Grant A, Gregory S, Johnson L, McDonald B, Woolliscroft R. A monochromatic station for macromolecular crystallography at Diamond Light Source. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308094488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Dent
- University of Nottingham, UK
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Cernik R, Bushnell-Wye G, Tang C, Dent A, Terril N, Diakun G, Barnes P, Greaves GN, Rayment T, Ryan A. A new facility for the study of materials processing on the SRS, Daresbury. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302087718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Lincoln NB, Dent A, Harding J, Weyman N, Nicholl C, Blumhardt LD, Playford ED. Evaluation of cognitive assessment and cognitive intervention for people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:93-8. [PMID: 11784832 PMCID: PMC1737698 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive problems in multiple sclerosis are common but any possible benefits of treatment remain uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of providing a psychology service, including cognitive assessment and intervention, to patients with multiple sclerosis. METHOD The study was a single blind randomised controlled trial. A total of 240 patients with clinically definite, laboratory supported, or clinically probable multiple sclerosis were recruited from an multiple sclerosis management clinic and assessed on a brief screening battery. They were randomised into three groups. The control group received no further intervention. The assessment group received a detailed cognitive assessment, the result of which was fed back to staff involved in the patients' care. The treatment group received the same detailed cognitive assessment and a treatment programme designed to help reduce the impact of their cognitive problems. Patients were followed up 4 and 8 months later on the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), extended activities of daily living scale, SF-36, everyday memory questionnaire, dysexecutive syndrome questionnaire, and memory aids questionnaire. RESULTS The three groups were compared on the outcome measures at 4 and 8 months after recruitment. There were few significant differences between the groups and those that occurred favoured the control group. Overall, the results showed no effect of the interventions on mood, quality of life, subjective cognitive impairment or independence. CONCLUSIONS The study failed to detect any significant effects of cognitive assessment or cognitive intervention in this cohort of people with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Lincoln
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the Brief, Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) as a screening measure for memory problems in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves plotted. METHODS Patients were recruited from the regional MS Management Clinic. The BRB-N and WMS-R were administered. RESULTS Using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and 10/36 Spatial Recall Test (10/36 SRT) Total Immediate recall, the BRB-N had a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 48%. CONCLUSION The BRB-N is sensitive at detecting memory impairments, although its specificity is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dent
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK
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Iles G, Dent A, Derbyshire G, Farrow R, Hall G, Noyes G, Raymond M, Salvini G, Seller P, Smith M, Thomas S. A novel application of silicon microstrip technology for energy-dispersive EXAFS studies. J Synchrotron Radiat 2000; 7:221-8. [PMID: 16609199 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049500005240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/1999] [Accepted: 04/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A prototype X-ray detector for energy-dispersive EXAFS has been developed and tested to demonstrate the principle of using silicon microstrip detector technology for this application. Testing took place at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source, where the absorption spectra of a 5 microm Ni foil and a 25 mM NiCl(2) solution were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iles
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, UK.
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Sapelkin A, Bayliss S, Lyapin A, Brazhkin V, Dent A. Local atomic ordering in bulk amorphous (GaSb)1-xGe2x. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999; 6:492-494. [PMID: 15263356 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049598015076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 11/16/1998] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Dent A, Evans J, Newton M, Corker J, Russell A, Abdul Rahman MB, Fiddy S, Mathew R, Farrow R, Salvini G, Atkinson P. High-quality energy-dispersive XAFS on the 1 s timescale applied to electrochemical and catalyst systems. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999; 6:381-383. [PMID: 15263315 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049599002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 02/02/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Thornton AM, Ogryzko VV, Dent A, Sharf R, Levi BZ, Kanno Y, Staudt LM, Howard BH, Ozato K. A dominant negative mutant of an IFN regulatory factor family protein inhibits both type I and type II IFN-stimulated gene expression and antiproliferative activity of IFNs. J Immunol 1996; 157:5145-54. [PMID: 8943426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I (alpha,beta) and type II (gamma) IFNs elicit antiproliferative and antiviral activities through two distinct transcription pathways involving 1) IRF family proteins and ISGF3, and 2) STAT1. We have employed a dominant negative strategy to study the role of IRF family proteins in eliciting the biologic activities of IFN. A truncated IRF protein retaining the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of ICSBP (a member of the IRF family) was stably transfected into U937 monocytic cells. Clones expressing DBD had markedly reduced ISRE-binding activity and were defective in expressing several type I IFN-inducible genes. STAT1 was one such type I IFN-inducible gene whose expression was also inhibited in DBD clones. As a result, the expression of several IFN-gamma-inducible genes was also inhibited in these clones, indicating functional coupling of the type I and type II IFN transcription pathways. Furthermore, DBD clones grew more slowly than control clones and were refractory to antiproliferative effects of both types of IFNs. We found that IFN treatment of U937 cells leads to a G1 arrest and an increase in underphosphorylated retinoblastoma gene product. However, IFN treatment did not change the cell cycle profile, nor retinoblastoma gene product phosphorylation state in DBD clones. These data indicate that expression of DBD disrupts cell cycle regulatory mechanisms. Combined with the previously noted failure of DBD clones to elicit antiviral activity, the present work shows that IRF family proteins play an integral part in growth control activities of IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thornton
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Thornton AM, Ogryzko VV, Dent A, Sharf R, Levi BZ, Kanno Y, Staudt LM, Howard BH, Ozato K. A dominant negative mutant of an IFN regulatory factor family protein inhibits both type I and type II IFN-stimulated gene expression and antiproliferative activity of IFNs. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.11.5145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type I (alpha,beta) and type II (gamma) IFNs elicit antiproliferative and antiviral activities through two distinct transcription pathways involving 1) IRF family proteins and ISGF3, and 2) STAT1. We have employed a dominant negative strategy to study the role of IRF family proteins in eliciting the biologic activities of IFN. A truncated IRF protein retaining the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of ICSBP (a member of the IRF family) was stably transfected into U937 monocytic cells. Clones expressing DBD had markedly reduced ISRE-binding activity and were defective in expressing several type I IFN-inducible genes. STAT1 was one such type I IFN-inducible gene whose expression was also inhibited in DBD clones. As a result, the expression of several IFN-gamma-inducible genes was also inhibited in these clones, indicating functional coupling of the type I and type II IFN transcription pathways. Furthermore, DBD clones grew more slowly than control clones and were refractory to antiproliferative effects of both types of IFNs. We found that IFN treatment of U937 cells leads to a G1 arrest and an increase in underphosphorylated retinoblastoma gene product. However, IFN treatment did not change the cell cycle profile, nor retinoblastoma gene product phosphorylation state in DBD clones. These data indicate that expression of DBD disrupts cell cycle regulatory mechanisms. Combined with the previously noted failure of DBD clones to elicit antiviral activity, the present work shows that IRF family proteins play an integral part in growth control activities of IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thornton
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - V V Ogryzko
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A Dent
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - R Sharf
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - B Z Levi
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Y Kanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - L M Staudt
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - B H Howard
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liao
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research & Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Allman D, Jain A, Dent A, Maile RR, Selvaggi T, Kehry MR, Staudt LM. BCL-6 expression during B-cell activation. Blood 1996; 87:5257-68. [PMID: 8652841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocations involving the BCL-6 gene are common in the diffuse large cell subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Invariably, the BCL-6 coding region is intact, but its 5' untranslated region is replaced with sequences from the translocation partner. The present study shows that BCL-6 expression is regulated in lymphocytes during mitogenic stimulation. Resting B and T lymphocytes contain high levels of BCL-6 mRNA. Stimulation of mouse B cells with anti-IgM or IgD antibodies, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin, or CD40 ligand led to a five-fold to 35-fold decrease in BCL-6 mRNA levels. Similar downregulation of BCL-6 mRNA was seen in human B cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus plus interleukin-2 or anti-IgM antibodies and in human T lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. BCL-6 mRNA levels began to decrease 8 to 16 hours after stimulation, before cells entered S phase. Although polyclonal activation of B cells in vitro invariably decreased BCL-6 MRNA expression, activated B cells from human germinal centers expressed BCL-6 mRNA at levels comparable to the levels in resting B cells. Despite these similar mRNA levels, BCL-6 protein expression was threefold to 34-fold higher in germinal center B cells than in resting B cells, suggesting that BCL-6 protein levels are controlled by translational or posttranslational mechanisms. These observations suggest that the germinal center reaction provides unique activation signals to B cells that allow for continued, high-level BCL-6 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Proto-Oncogenes
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allman
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Bereaved parents' perceptions of care after the sudden, unexpected death of their child (from 1 week to 12 years), and the care that was or could be offered by statutory and voluntary agencies, was assessed in 11 health districts in seven regions of England and Wales. In these 11 districts, 185 families were identified who met the criteria of the study. Permission to contact these families was given by only 72 general practitioners. Of these, 42 families responded (58%). Sudden infant death syndrome accounted for 43% of the deaths. The results from postal questionnaires sent to both parents showed that hospital care was perceived as good on the whole, although parents would like more choices. Most parents felt that community care was inadequate, leaving many feeling isolated. In contrast, questionnaires from health visitors and general practitioners in the same health districts showed that they believed that they were the most appropriate professionals to give follow up care, but as there were few policies to guide them and little training provided, felt unable to offer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dent
- Department of Child Health, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol
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20
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Staudt LM, Dent A, Ma C, Allman D, Powell J, Maile R, Scherle P, Behrens T. Rapid identification of novel human lymphoid-restricted genes by automated DNA sequencing of subtracted cDNA libraries. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995; 194:155-61. [PMID: 7895489 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-79275-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Chung HM, Yokota H, Dent A, Malacinski GM, Neff AW. The location of the third cleavage plane of Xenopus embryos partitions morphogenetic information in animal quartets. Int J Dev Biol 1994; 38:421-8. [PMID: 7848825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the developmental potential of animal quartets (the set of four animal blastomeres isolated from the 8-cell stage Xenopus embryo) provided insight into the manner in which morphogenetic information is distributed along the animal-vegetal axis. Gravity treatments were employed to alter the partitioning plane. Animal quartets isolated from embryos exposed to simulated weightlessness had larger animal blastomeres, and they formed structures such as a groove and a protrusion more often than 1g-control animal quartets. Animal quartets with an unusual non-horizontal third cleavage plane were also found to have a higher frequency of protrusion formation than animal quartets with a typical horizontal cleavage plane. The increase in the frequency seen in simulated weightlessness animal quartets was not due to their increased size. Fusing two animal quartets isolated from hypergravity (3g) exposed embryos (small blastomeres and low incidence of protrusions) did not affect the frequency of protrusion formation. Molecular analyses revealed that a partial induction was associated with the protrusion formation. Transcripts of the dorsal lip specific homeobox gene, goosecoid, and alpha-cardiac actin were detectable by PCR amplification in the animal quartet with a protrusion, and alpha-cardiac actin mRNA was found by whole-mount in situ hybridization to be localized in the protrusion. Taken together, all these results are consistent with the notion that both animal and vegetal information is necessary for normal development and the partitioning of morphogenetic information into animal quartets results in gravity-dependent differential morphogenesis and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Chung
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Seoul National University, Korea
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22
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Dent A. A hospice for Leningrad. Prof Nurse 1992; 7:830. [PMID: 1513838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The alpha beta and gamma delta T cell receptors for antigen (TCR) delineate distinct T cell populations. TCR alpha beta-bearing thymocytes must be positively selected by binding of the TCR to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on thymic epithelium. To examine the requirement for positive selection of TCR gamma delta T cells, mice bearing a class I MHC-specific gamma delta transgene (Tg) were crossed to mice with disrupted beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2M) genes. The Tg+beta 2M- (class I MHC-) offspring had Tg+ thymocytes that did not proliferate to antigen or Tg-specific monoclonal antibody and few peripheral Tg+ cells. This is evidence for positive selection within the gamma delta T cell subset.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division
- Epithelium/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Wells
- Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21701-0201
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Bluestone JA, Cron RQ, Barrett TA, Houlden B, Sperling AI, Dent A, Hedrick S, Rellahan B, Matis LA. Repertoire development and ligand specificity of murine TCR gamma delta cells. Immunol Rev 1991; 120:5-33. [PMID: 1650760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During the past several years, we have been studying the circulating TCR gamma delta cells expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the TCR gamma delta heterodimers present on these TCR gamma delta cells identified 3 TCR gamma proteins, V gamma 2-C gamma 1, V gamma 1.2-C gamma 2, and V gamma 1.1-C gamma 4. In addition, at least 6 different V delta gene products (V delta 2,4,5,6,V alpha 10, V alpha 11) are expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissue. Nucleotide sequence analysis has revealed a great deal of junctional diversity present among the different V gamma and V delta proteins. Thus, compared to other nonlymphoid tissues (e.g., skin), this population of TCR gamma delta cells appears quite extensive. The development and specificity of TCR gamma delta cells has been pursued by two approaches. First, different TCR gamma delta cells clones were generated which recognize MHC-encoded gene products. One clone recognizes an unconventional TL-encoded antigen, whereas others have been shown to recognize either classical MHC class I or class II antigens. The TCR gamma delta receptor genes have been cloned from the TL-specific TCR gamma delta cell and used to construct transgenic mice to examine the development of TCR gamma delta cells. Although the Tg+ TCR gamma delta cells are tolerized by thymic clonal tolerance similar to TCR alpha beta cells, the epithelial Tg+ TCR gamma delta cells are subjected to non-deletional tolerance (anergy). A second approach towards examining the development of TCR gamma delta cells has been to compare the repertoire of TCR gamma delta splenocytes in a variety of inbred and MHC-congenic strains of mice using subset-specific anti-murine TCR gamma delta mAb. The percentage of individual subsets of splenic TCR gamma delta cells differ widely between different inbred strains of mice due to both MHC- and TCR-encoded genetic differences. In summary, these studies provides a basis for understanding and determining the ligand(s) of the TCR gamma delta heterodimer and the factors which shape the peripheral TCR gamma delta repertoire.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
- Base Sequence
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics
- Mice, Inbred Strains/immunology
- Mice, Nude/immunology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bluestone
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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25
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Shaw E, Rayment T, Walker A, Lambert R, Gauntlett T, Oldman R, Dent A. In situ x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption investigations of methanol synthesis catalysts derived from CeCu2. Catal Today 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5861(91)85024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Hedrick SM, Dent A. A model for gamma delta T-cell development: rearranged gamma- and delta-chain genes incorporated into the germline of mice. Res Immunol 1990; 141:588-92. [PMID: 2095602 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2494(90)90061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Hedrick
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0063
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27
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Dent A. Dying children and their families. Health Visit 1989; 62:287. [PMID: 2793506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Chu WS, Carpino MR, Dent A, Rich S. Suppressor T cell growth and differentiation: production of suppressor T cell differentiation factor by the murine thymoma BW5147. The Journal of Immunology 1987. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a lymphokine, termed Ts differentiation factor (TsDF), in primary MLR supernatants that induces effector function of alloantigen-primed MLR-Ts. The present report describes constitutive production of TsDF by the murine thymoma BW5147, and its use to analyze alloantigen and TsDF requirements for MLR-Ts activation to TsF production. Serum-free supernatants of BW5147 restored the capacity of MLR-TsF production to alloantigen-primed MLR-Ts cultured with glutaraldehyde-fixed allogeneic stimulator cells, and were not themselves directly suppressive in the MLR assay. BW5147 supernatant induced MLR-TsF production from primed L3T4-Ly2+ MLR-Ts in the absence of concomitant proliferation, suggesting that the function of BW5147 supernatant, like that of MLR-derived TsDF, is a differentiative rather than a proliferative one, and is required for the synthesis or release of TsF. The differentiative activity of BW5147 supernatant was associated with a molecular species of approximately 14,500 m.w. by HPLC fractionation and was expressed independently of detectable IL 2, IL 3, IFN-gamma, and IL 1. The functional activity of BW5147 supernatant has therefore been provisionally designated BW5147-derived Ts differentiative factor, or BW-TsDF. By using BW-TsDF, it was demonstrated that MLR-Ts fail to respond to TsDF in the absence of, or preceding, reexposure to priming alloantigen. Instead, alloantigen binding by primed MLR-Ts appears to create a transient state of TsDF responsiveness. Primed MLR-Ts were fully sensitive to delayed addition of TsDF for approximately 12 hr after reexposure to alloantigen, but became TsDF-unresponsive within 24 to 36 hr. MLR-Ts cultured alone for 36 hr were fully responsive to the combined addition of TsDF and alloantigen. Thus, MLR-Ts activation to TsF release requires the sequential events of specific alloantigen binding, which induces a TsDF-responsive state, followed by interaction with TsDF. The transience of induced TsDF responsiveness suggests a precise mechanism for control of antigen-initiated Ts activation to effector function.
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Chu WS, Carpino MR, Dent A, Rich S. Suppressor T cell growth and differentiation: production of suppressor T cell differentiation factor by the murine thymoma BW5147. J Immunol 1987; 138:78-86. [PMID: 2946782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified a lymphokine, termed Ts differentiation factor (TsDF), in primary MLR supernatants that induces effector function of alloantigen-primed MLR-Ts. The present report describes constitutive production of TsDF by the murine thymoma BW5147, and its use to analyze alloantigen and TsDF requirements for MLR-Ts activation to TsF production. Serum-free supernatants of BW5147 restored the capacity of MLR-TsF production to alloantigen-primed MLR-Ts cultured with glutaraldehyde-fixed allogeneic stimulator cells, and were not themselves directly suppressive in the MLR assay. BW5147 supernatant induced MLR-TsF production from primed L3T4-Ly2+ MLR-Ts in the absence of concomitant proliferation, suggesting that the function of BW5147 supernatant, like that of MLR-derived TsDF, is a differentiative rather than a proliferative one, and is required for the synthesis or release of TsF. The differentiative activity of BW5147 supernatant was associated with a molecular species of approximately 14,500 m.w. by HPLC fractionation and was expressed independently of detectable IL 2, IL 3, IFN-gamma, and IL 1. The functional activity of BW5147 supernatant has therefore been provisionally designated BW5147-derived Ts differentiative factor, or BW-TsDF. By using BW-TsDF, it was demonstrated that MLR-Ts fail to respond to TsDF in the absence of, or preceding, reexposure to priming alloantigen. Instead, alloantigen binding by primed MLR-Ts appears to create a transient state of TsDF responsiveness. Primed MLR-Ts were fully sensitive to delayed addition of TsDF for approximately 12 hr after reexposure to alloantigen, but became TsDF-unresponsive within 24 to 36 hr. MLR-Ts cultured alone for 36 hr were fully responsive to the combined addition of TsDF and alloantigen. Thus, MLR-Ts activation to TsF release requires the sequential events of specific alloantigen binding, which induces a TsDF-responsive state, followed by interaction with TsDF. The transience of induced TsDF responsiveness suggests a precise mechanism for control of antigen-initiated Ts activation to effector function.
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McKeon JL, Turner J, Kelly C, Dent A, Zimmerman PV. The effect of inspiratory resistive training on exercise capacity in optimally treated patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. Aust N Z J Med 1986; 16:648-52. [PMID: 3469962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1986.tb00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether inspiratory resistive training could improve the exercise performance of patients with severe chronic airflow limitation who had already received optimum conventional therapy with bronchodilators and physiotherapy. Eighteen patients were studied. Ten patients were trained with an inspiratory resistance device for six weeks and eight patients used a placebo device. Psychological factors, likely to influence exercise capacity, were taken into account. Although there was no significant increase in maximum inspiratory pressure in the ten trained subjects, inspiratory muscle endurance was improved. Exercise performance, as assessed by progressive cycle exercise, stair climbing, 12 minute walking distance and treadmill walking did not change significantly in either group. It was concluded that inspiratory muscle training, using a currently available technique, produced no additional improvement in exercise capacity beyond that achieved by conventional bronchodilator and rehabilitation therapy.
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Dent A. OE "Hors-ome". Notes Queries 1965; 12:446. [PMID: 11609743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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