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Mahmoud AA, Zayed Mohamed M, Hassen EZ. Protective effects of Urtica dioica on the cerebral cortex damage induced by Potassium bromate in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:81-93. [PMID: 38017656 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2287664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Potassium bromate is used in cheese production, beer making and is also used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic. It is a proven carcinogen as it is a strong oxidizing agent that generates free radicals during xenobiotic metabolism. Urtica dioica (Ud) (from the plants' family of Urticaceae) is a plant that has long been used as a medicinal plant in many parts of the world. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunosuppressive properties. So, this study aimed to clarify the effect of Potassium bromate on the histological structure of cerebral cortex of adult male albino rats, evaluate the possible protective role of Urtica dioica. Thirty adult healthy male albino rats were divided into three groups; group I (Control group), group II (KBrO3 treated group). Group III (KBrO3 and Urtica dioica treated group).At the end of the experiment, rats in all groups were anesthetized and specimens were processed for light and electron microscope. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. Nerve cells of the treated group showed irregular contours, dark nuclei, irregular nuclear envelopes, dilated RER cisternae, and mitochondria with ruptured cristae. Vacuolated neuropil was also observed. Immunohistochemically, stained sections for GFAP showed strong positive reaction in the processes of astrocytes. Recovery group showed revealed nearly the same as the histological picture as the control group. In conclusion, potassium bromate induces degenerative effects on neurons of cerebral cortex and urtica dioica provide an important neuroprotective effects against these damaging impacts through their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha Zayed Mohamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Z Hassen
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdelrahman SA, Khattab MA, Youssef MS, Mahmoud AA. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ameliorates di-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced cardiac muscle injury via stem cells recruitment, Desmin protein regulation, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:349-363. [PMID: 37428366 PMCID: PMC10412672 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are common plasticizers present in medical-grade plastics and other everyday products. Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been noted as a causative risk factor for the initiation and augmentation of cardiovascular functional disorders. G-CSF is a glycoprotein found in numerous tissues throughout the body and is currently applied in clinical practice and has been tested in congestive heart failure. We aimed to examine in depth the effect of DEHP on the histological and biochemical structure of the cardiac muscle in adult male albino rats and the mechanisms underlying the possible ameliorative effect of G-CSF. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into control group, DEHP group, DEHP+ G-CSF group and DEHP-recovery group. We measured serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Left ventricular sections were processed for light and electron microscope examination, and immunohistochemical staining of Desmin, activated Caspase-3 and CD34. DEHP significantly increased enzyme levels, markedly distorted the normal architecture of cardiac muscle fibers, downregulated Desmin protein levels and enhanced fibrosis, and apoptosis. G-CSF treatment significantly decreased the enzyme levels compared to DEHP group. It enhanced CD34 positive stem cells recruitment to injured cardiac muscle, therefore improved the ultrastructural features of most cardiac muscle fibers via anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects in addition to increased Desmin protein expression levels. The recovery group showed partial improvement due to persistent DEHP effect. In conclusion, administration of G-CSF effectively corrected the histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical alterations in the cardiac muscle after DEHP administration by stem cells recruitment, Desmin protein regulation, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Khattab
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marian S Youssef
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdelrahman SA, El-Shal AS, Abdelrahman AA, Saleh EZH, Mahmoud AA. Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on the cerebellum of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnoNps)-exposed rats. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2115273. [PMID: 35996208 PMCID: PMC10364653 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials induce hazardous effects at the cellular and molecular levels. We investigated different mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on cerebellar tissue and clarified the ameliorative role of Quercetin supplementation. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into control group (I), ZnONPs-exposed group (II), and ZnONPs and Quercetin group (III). Oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA & TOS), antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GSH, GR, and TAC), serum interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. Serum micro-RNA (miRNA): miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-122-5p, miRNA-125b-5p, and miRNA-155-3p expression levels were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Cerebellar tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Silver stains and examined microscopically. Expression levels of Calbindin D28k, GFAP, and BAX proteins in cerebellar tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Quercetin supplementation lowered oxidative stress biomarkers levels and ameliorated the antioxidant parameters that were decreased by ZnONPs. No significant differences in GR activity were detected between the study groups. ZnONPs significantly increased serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α which were improved with Quercetin. Serum miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-122-5p, miRNA-125b-5p, and miRNA-155-p expression levels showed significant increase in ZnONPs group, while no significant difference was observed between Quercetin-treated group and control group. ZnONPs markedly impaired cerebellar tissue structure with decreased levels of calbindin D28k, increased BAX and GFAP expression. Quercetin supplementation ameliorated cerebellar tissue apoptosis, gliosis and improved calbindin levels. In conclusion: Quercetin supplementation ameliorated cerebellar neurotoxicity induced by ZnONPs at cellular and molecular basis by different studied mechanisms.Abbreviations: NPs: Nanoparticles, ROS: reactive oxygen species, ZnONPs: Zinc oxide nanoparticles, AgNPs: silver nanoparticles, BBB: blood-brain barrier, ncRNAs: Non-coding RNAs, miRNA: Micro RNA, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, LPO: lipid peroxidation, MDA: malondialdehyde, TBA: thiobarbituric acid, TOS: total oxidative status, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, H2O2: hydrogen peroxide, SOD: superoxide dismutase, GR: glutathione reductase, TAC: total antioxidant capacity, IL-1: interleukin-1, TNF: tumor necrosis factor alpha, cDNA: complementary DNA, RT-QPCR: Real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction, ABC: Avidin biotin complex technique, DAB: 3', 3-diaminobenzidine, SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences, ANOVA: One way analysis of variance, Tukey's HSD: Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference, GFAP: glial fiberillar acitic protein, iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, NO: nitric oxide, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NF-B: nuclear factor-B, SCI: spinal cord injury, CB: Calbindin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal S. El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Abdelrahman
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Zaid Hassen Saleh
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Azmy AM, Abd Elbaki BT, Ali MA, Mahmoud AA. Effect of ozone versus naringin on testicular injury in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in adult male albino rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:439-461. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2132337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Azmy
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bassant T. Abd Elbaki
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Ali
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdelrahman SA, Mahmoud AA, Abdelrahman AA, Samy W, Zaid Hassen Saleh E. Histomorphological changes and molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of resveratrol on the liver of silver nanoparticles-exposed rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:268-284. [PMID: 35471163 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2067929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the deleterious effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is inevitable due to their wide use in medicine and daily life. The current study aimed to delineate the histomorphological changes and the molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of Resveratrol (RSV) on rats' livers exposed to AgNPs. Fifty healthy adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, AgNPs-exposed, RSV-treated after AgNPs exposure, and recovery groups. Liver sections were examined by light and electron microscopes, and immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of activated caspase3 and TNFα. Serum ALT and AST, plasma levels of TNFα, IL-6, GSH and SOD were measured. mRNA expression of SIRT1, ADORA3, PAI, CDK1, Nrf2 and NFκB genes in liver tissue homogenate was performed using qRT-PCR. AgNPs-exposure for 28 days caused marked liver tissue damage with trapping in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, while RSV treatment ameliorated liver ultrastructure and function. Our results clarified the molecular basis of RSV ameliorative effect on liver tissue by significant upregulation of SIRT1-NrF2 signaling pathway with increased levels of the antioxidant GSH and SOD, which represent the antioxidant effect of RSV. Significant upregulation of the protective ADORA3 with downregulation of the proinflammatory PAI-1 and NFκB mRNA expression levels besides decreased plasma levels of TNFα, IL-6 and decreased immunoexpression of TNFα in liver tissue, represent the anti-inflammatory effect of RSV. In addition, decreased immunoexpression of caspase3 and downregulation of CDK1 expression, represent its antiapoptotic effect. In conclusion: RSV ameliorates AgNPs-induced liver damage by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.Abbreviations: AgNPs: Silver nanoparticles, RSV: Resveratrol, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, ESR: Electron spin resonance, DMPO: 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, MPTP: Methyl-4-phenyl-1.2.3.6-tetrahydropyridine, MDA: Malondialdehyde, TNF: Tumor necrosis factor, GSH: Glutathione, Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, ARE: Antioxidant response elements, KEAP1: Kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein l, AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase, HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1, NF-κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B, SIRT1: Sirtuins, FOXO: Forkhead box, UCP2: Uncoupling protein 2, STZ: Streptozotocin nicotinamide, HSC: hepatic stellate cells, ECM: extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Abdelrahman
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Mahmoud
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Abdelrahman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Zaid Hassen Saleh
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abdelwahed HG, Mahmoud AA. Propagation of shock wave of nitrogen gas in Titan stratosphere. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1996134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. G. Abdelwahed
- College of Science and Humanitarian Studies, Physics Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mahmoud AA, Abulwafa EM, Al-Araby AAF, Elhanbaly AM. Plasma Parameters Effects on Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in Dusty Plasmas of Four Components. Advances in Mathematical Physics 2018; 2018:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7935317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence and propagation of dust-acoustic solitary waves in dusty plasma contains four components such as negative and positive dust species beside ions and electrons are studied. Both the ions and electrons distributions are represented applying nonextensive formula. Employing the reductive perturbation method, an evolution equation is derived to describe the small-amplitude dust-acoustic solitons in the considered plasma system. The used reductive perturbation stretches lead to the nonlinear KdV and modified KdV equations with nonlinear and dispersion coefficients that depend on the parameters of the plasma. This study represents that the presence of compressive or/and rarefactive solitary waves depends mainly on the value of the first-order nonlinear coefficient. The structure of envelope wave is undefined for first-order nonlinear coefficient tends to vanish. The coexistence of the two types of solitary waves appears by increasing the strength of nonlinearity to the second order using the modified KdV equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Essam M. Abulwafa
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abd-alrahman F. Al-Araby
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Atalla M. Elhanbaly
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Said-Al Ahl HAH, Sabra AS, Alataway A, Astatkie T, Mahmoud AA, Bloem E. Biomass production and essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris in response to water stress and harvest time. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1518794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali S. Sabra
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abed Alataway
- PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
| | - Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Department of Botany (Plant Physiology Section), Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elke Bloem
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Sabra AS, Astatkie T, Alataway A, Mahmoud AA, Gendy ASH, Said-Al Ahl HAH, Tkachenko KG. Response of Biomass Development, Essential Oil, and Composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. to Irrigation Frequency and Harvest Time. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800005. [PMID: 29393581 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of four irrigation intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 days) and six harvests (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after transplanting) on biomass, essential oil content, and composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Fresh weight and essential oil yield decreased with increasing irrigation interval; whereas, essential oil content was stimulated by water stress and increased as the irrigation interval increased. Fresh weight of Plectranthus amboinicus irrigated every 4 days peaked when harvested at 6 months, but essential oil content peaked when irrigated every 16 days and harvested at 2 months after transplantation. On the other hand, essential oil yield peaked when irrigated every 8 days and harvested at 6 months. Thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, and β-caryophyllene were the major compounds, and they peaked at different irrigation intervals and harvest times. This study showed biomass, essential oil content, and yield as well as the major and minor constituents of Plectranthus amboinicus are influenced by irrigation interval and the timing of harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Sabra
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tessema Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Abed Alataway
- PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Mahmoud
- Department of Botany (Plant Physiology Section), Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Gammaa St., Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S H Gendy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hussein A H Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kirill G Tkachenko
- V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Prof. Popova St., Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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Mahmoud AA, Hassan EZ, Askar EM. Long-term influence of sialoadenectomy on the liver of male albino rat. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:265-274. [PMID: 28506098 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2017.1319886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor is an endocrine product of the submandibular gland; the liver is an important target of its action and is affected by sialoadenectomy. Thirty rats were used in this study and divided into group I (sham-operated animals), group II (sialoadenectomy after 4 weeks), and group III (sialoadenectomy after 10 weeks). Liver samples were processed for light and electron microscope examination. Sialoadenectomy induced mild-to-moderate liver damage which persists up to 10 weeks after the operation. This damage is manifested morphologically rather than functionally, affecting the general structure, hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic sinusoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Mahmoud
- a Lecturer of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Z Hassan
- a Lecturer of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Eman M Askar
- a Lecturer of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Abulwafa EM, Elhanbaly AM, Mahmoud AA, Al-Araby AAF. Arbitrary amplitude double-layers in four-component dusty plasma with q-non-extensive electrons and ions. Physics of Plasmas 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and propagation of dust acoustic double-layers with arbitrary amplitude have been investigated in four-component dusty plasma with q-non-extensive distributed electrons and ions. Via the Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique, the fluid equations of the plasma under consideration map to a single equation, namely, energy equation. Also, employing Sagdeev pseudo-potential and phase-portrait techniques shows that the profile of the double-layer solution is highly sensitive to the strength of Mach number, non-extensive parameters, and dust temperatures ratio. The results appear that only compressive double-layers are found for certain conditions. In addition, the case of small amplitude double-layer approximation is introduced and the explicit form of double-layer solution is written down where its amplitude and width depend crucially on the plasma parameters. The obtained results are very useful to understand the basic features of Jupiter's magnetosphere, Earth's mesosphere, and cometary tails where non-extensive electrons and ions can significantly dominate the wave propagation and also to laboratory plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Abulwafa
- Mansoura University Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Atalla M. Elhanbaly
- Mansoura University Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Mansoura University Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abd-alrahman F. Al-Araby
- Mansoura University Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a well-tolerated analgesic and antipyretic drug when used at therapeutic doses. Overdoses, however, cause oxidative stress, which leads to acute liver failure. Alpha lipoic acid is an antioxidant that has proven effective for ameliorating many pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress. We evaluated the effect of alpha lipoic acid on the histological and histochemical alterations of liver caused by an acute overdose of acetaminophen in rats. Livers of acetaminophen-intoxicated rats were congested and showed centrilobular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Necrotic hepatocytes lost most of their carbohydrates, lipids and structural proteins. Liver sections from rats pre-treated with lipoic acid showed fewer pathological changes; the hepatocytes appeared moderately vacuolated with moderate staining of carbohydrates and proteins. Nevertheless, alpha lipoic acid at the dose we used did not protect the liver fully from acetaminophen-induced acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Mahmoud
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A A Mahmoud
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - G Nassar
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Almaghraby MF, Mahmoud AA. Correlation of serum visfatin level with chest pain scoring as an indication of myocardial ischemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Egypt J Intern Med 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ramalingam J, Pathan MS, Feril O, Ross K, Ma XF, Mahmoud AA, Layton J, Rodriguez-Milla MA, Chikmawati T, Valliyodan B, Skinner R, Matthews DE, Gustafson JP, Nguyen HT. Structural and functional analyses of the wheat genomes based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs) related to abiotic stresses. Genome 2006; 49:1324-40. [PMID: 17218960 DOI: 10.1139/g06-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the structure and function of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genomes, we identified 278 ESTs related to abiotic stress (cold, heat, drought, salinity, and aluminum) from 7671 ESTs previously mapped to wheat chromosomes. Of the 278 abiotic stress related ESTs, 259 (811 loci) were assigned to chromosome deletion bins and analyzed for their distribution pattern among the 7 homoeologous chromosome groups. Distribution of abiotic stress related EST loci were not uniform throughout the different regions of the chromosomes of the 3 wheat genomes. Both the short and long arms of group 4 chromosomes showed a higher number of loci in their distal regions compared with proximal regions. Of the 811 loci, the number of mapped loci on the A, B, and D genomes were 258, 281, and 272, respectively. The highest number of abiotic stress related loci were found in homoeologous chromosome group 2 (142 loci) and the lowest number were found in group 6 (94 loci). When considering the genome-specific ESTs, the B genome showed the highest number of unique ESTs (7 loci), while none were found in the D genome. Similarly, considering homoeologous group-specific ESTs, group 2 showed the highest number with 16 unique ESTs (58 loci), followed by group 4 with 9 unique ESTs (33 loci). Many of the classified proteins fell into the biological process categories associated with metabolism, cell growth, and cell maintenance. Most of the mapped ESTs fell into the category of enzyme activity (28%), followed by binding activity (27%). Enzymes related to abiotic stress such as β-galactosidase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase were identified. The comparison of stress-responsive ESTs with genomic sequences of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes revealed the complexities of colinearity. This bin map provides insight into the structural and functional details of wheat genomic regions in relation to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramalingam
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Ammar HO, Salama HA, Ghorab M, Mahmoud AA. Implication of inclusion complexation of glimepiride in cyclodextrin–polymer systems on its dissolution, stability and therapeutic efficacy. Int J Pharm 2006; 320:53-7. [PMID: 16701974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of complexation of glimepiride, a poorly water-soluble antidiabetic drug, with beta-cyclodextrin and its derivatives (HP-beta-CyD and SBE-beta-CyD) in presence of different concentrations of water-soluble polymers (HPMC, PVP, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000) on the dissolution rate of the drug has been investigated. The results revealed that the dissolution rate of the drug from these ternary systems is highly dependent on polymer type and concentration. The dissolution rate of the drug from ternary systems containing PEG 4000 or PEG 6000 seems to be generally higher than from systems containing HPMC or PVP. An optimum increase in the dissolution rate of the drug was observed at a polymer concentration of 5% for PEG 4000 or PEG 6000 and at 20% concentration of HPMC or PVP. The dissolution rate of the drug from the ternary system glimepiride-HP-beta-CyD-5% PEG 4000 was high compared to the other systems. Tablets containing the drug or its equivalent amount of this ternary system were prepared and subjected to accelerated stability testing at 40 degrees C/75% R.H. to investigate the effect of storage on the chemical stability as well as therapeutic efficacy of the tablets. The results revealed stability of the tablets and consistent therapeutic efficacy on storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ammar HO, Salama HA, Ghorab M, Mahmoud AA. Formulation and biological evaluation of glimepiride-cyclodextrin-polymer systems. Int J Pharm 2005; 309:129-38. [PMID: 16377107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 11/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glimepiride is one of the third generation sulfonylureas used for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Poor aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate of the drug lead to irreproducible clinical response or therapeutic failure in some cases due to subtherapeutic plasma drug levels. Consequently, the rationale of this study was to improve the biological performance of this drug through enhancing its solubility and dissolution rate. Inclusion complexes of glimepiride in beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) and sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CyD), with or without water soluble polymers were prepared by the kneading method. Binary systems were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Phase solubility diagrams revealed increase in solubility of the drug upon cyclodextrin addition, showing A(p) type plot indicating high order complexation. All the ternary systems containing beta-CyD or HP-beta-CyD showed higher dissolution efficiency compared to the corresponding binary systems. The hypoglycemic effect of the most rapidly dissolving ternary system of glimepiride-HP-beta-CyD-PEG 4000 was evaluated after oral administration in diabetic rats by measuring blood glucose levels. The results indicated that this ternary system improves significantly the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. In conclusion, the association of water soluble polymers with glimepiride-CyD systems leads to great enhancement in dissolution rate, increased duration of action and improvement of therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ammar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Qi LL, Echalier B, Chao S, Lazo GR, Butler GE, Anderson OD, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Ratnasiri A, Dubcovsky J, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Greene RA, Kantety R, La Rota CM, Munkvold JD, Sorrells SF, Sorrells ME, Dilbirligi M, Sidhu D, Erayman M, Randhawa HS, Sandhu D, Bondareva SN, Gill KS, Mahmoud AA, Ma XF, Gustafson JP, Conley EJ, Nduati V, Gonzalez-Hernandez JL, Anderson JA, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Pathan MS, Zhang DS, Nguyen HT, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Gill BS. A chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat. Genetics 2005; 168:701-12. [PMID: 15514046 PMCID: PMC1448828 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the huge size of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) genome of 17,300 Mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. Here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (EST) unigenes by Southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. Each EST detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. More loci were mapped in the B genome (5774) than in the A (5173) or D (5146) genomes. The EST density was significantly higher for the D genome than for the A or B. In general, EST density increased relative to the physical distance from the centromere. The majority of EST-dense regions are in the distal parts of chromosomes. Most of the agronomically important genes are located in EST-dense regions. The chromosome bin map of ESTs is a unique resource for SNP analysis, comparative mapping, structural and functional analysis, and polyploid evolution, as well as providing a framework for constructing a sequence-ready, BAC-contig map of the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Qi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502, USA
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Peng JH, Zadeh H, Lazo GR, Gustafson JP, Chao S, Anderson OD, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Dilbirligi M, Sandhu D, Gill KS, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Mahmoud AA, Miftahudin, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Lapitan NLV. Chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and Arabidopsis. Genetics 2004; 168:609-23. [PMID: 15514039 PMCID: PMC1448821 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group 1 ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E < or = e(-10)), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Peng
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, USA
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Lazo GR, Chao S, Hummel DD, Edwards H, Crossman CC, Lui N, Matthews DE, Carollo VL, Hane DL, You FM, Butler GE, Miller RE, Close TJ, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Gustafson JP, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Dilbirligi M, Randhawa HS, Gill KS, Greene RA, Sorrells ME, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Mahmoud AA, Miftahudin, Ma XF, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Pathan MS, Nguyen HT, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Anderson OD. Development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): EST generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map. Genetics 2004; 168:585-93. [PMID: 15514037 PMCID: PMC1448819 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). Accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat EST data set. Among the resources developed were the first extensive public wheat EST collection (113,220 ESTs). Described are protocols for sequencing, sequence processing, EST nomenclature, and the assembly of ESTs into contigs. These contigs plus singletons (unassembled ESTs) were used for selection of distinct sequence motif unigenes. Selected ESTs were rearrayed, validated by 5' and 3' sequencing, and amplified for probing a series of wheat aneuploid and deletion stocks. Images and data for all Southern hybridizations were deposited in databases and were used by the coordinators for each of the seven homoeologous chromosome groups to validate the mapping results. Results from this project have established the foundation for future developments in wheat genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Lazo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710-1105, USA
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Miftahudin, Ross K, Ma XF, Mahmoud AA, Layton J, Milla MAR, Chikmawati T, Ramalingam J, Feril O, Pathan MS, Momirovic GS, Kim S, Chema K, Fang P, Haule L, Struxness H, Birkes J, Yaghoubian C, Skinner R, McAllister J, Nguyen V, Qi LL, Echalier B, Gill BS, Linkiewicz AM, Dubcovsky J, Akhunov ED, Dvorák J, Dilbirligi M, Gill KS, Peng JH, Lapitan NLV, Bermudez-Kandianis CE, Sorrells ME, Hossain KG, Kalavacharla V, Kianian SF, Lazo GR, Chao S, Anderson OD, Gonzalez-Hernandez J, Conley EJ, Anderson JA, Choi DW, Fenton RD, Close TJ, McGuire PE, Qualset CO, Nguyen HT, Gustafson JP. Analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4. Genetics 2004; 168:651-63. [PMID: 15514042 PMCID: PMC1448824 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ESTs) from 26 Triticeae cDNA libraries, were mapped to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. The 1918 EST loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4A, 4B, and 4D, respectively. This pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of EST mapping in all homoeologous groups, as reported elsewhere, that found the highest proportion of loci mapped to the B genome. Sixty-five percent of these 1918 loci mapped to the long arms of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, while 35% mapped to the short arms. The distal regions of chromosome arms showed higher numbers of loci than the proximal regions, with the exception of 4DL. This study confirmed the complex structure of chromosome 4A that contains two reciprocal translocations and two inversions, previously identified. An additional inversion in the centromeric region of 4A was revealed. A consensus map for homoeologous group 4 was developed from 119 ESTs unique to group 4. Forty-nine percent of these ESTs were found to be homoeologous to sequences on rice chromosome 3, 12% had matches with sequences on other rice chromosomes, and 39% had no matches with rice sequences at all. Limited homology (only 26 of the 119 consensus ESTs) was found between wheat ESTs on homoeologous group 4 and the Arabidopsis genome. Forty-two percent of the homoeologous group 4 ESTs could be classified into functional categories on the basis of blastX searches against all protein databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftahudin
- Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Boulton-Jones JR, Follows MC, Mahmoud AA. Open-access endoscopy: are age-based guidelines justified? An audit of experience of 1000 open-access endoscopies at a district general hospital. Endoscopy 2003; 35:68-73. [PMID: 12510229 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Open-access endoscopy has been developed to meet the increasing demand for endoscopy, and guidelines have been produced for selecting suitable patients. This study was designed to assess the appropriateness of these guidelines in patients referred to open-access endoscopy services at a district general hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 1000 consecutive patients referred for open-access endoscopy was audited. The waiting time was 18 weeks and patients continued to take any acid-suppressing medication prescribed by their general practitioner. The endoscopy findings were compared in those who met and did not meet currently accepted guidelines. In addition the outcome for all patients in whom gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected was reviewed. RESULTS 301 patients (30.1 %) did not meet accepted guidelines for open-access endoscopy. No cases of malignancy would have been missed if the guidelines had been implemented. Gastro-oesophageal malignancy was detected in 17 patients, all of whom died. When malignancy was excluded, there were no statistically significant differences between the detection rates for pathology in the two groups. The commonest finding, in 32.3 % of patients, was of a normal endoscopic appearance. CONCLUSIONS If current guidelines are applied, all cases of malignancy may be picked up, but identification of patients with curable disease is poor. Use of the guidelines did not select patients with other upper gastrointestinal disease, although many patients were receiving acid-suppression therapy at the time of their endoscopy. Implementation of test-and-treat strategies would result in a significant reduction in the workload of open-access endoscopy.
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Hegazy MF, Paré PW, Karchesy J. Terpenoid constituents of Aster subspicatus and A. ageratoides. Pharmazie 2002; 57:567-9. [PMID: 12227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Aster subspicatus afforded a new sesquiterpene lactone, 8 alpha-acetoxy-1 alpha-hydroxy-3 alpha,4 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha,7 alpha H-9,11(13)-guaiadien-12,6 alpha-olide (1), in addition to the known compounds arteglasin-B (2), diversoside (3), and 2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside. Re-investigation of Aster ageratoides afforded the known compounds crotocorylifuran, and oplopanone. The structure of the new compound was determined by spectroscopic methods particularly high resolution 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2D 1H-1H and 1H-13C COSY NMR and HMBC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Ahmed UM, El-Bassuony AA, Abd El-Razk MH, Pare PW, Karchesy J. Manoyl oxide alpha-arabinopyranoside and grindelic acid diterpenoids from Grindelia integrifolia. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:1365-1367. [PMID: 11678671 DOI: 10.1021/np010273n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two new manoyl oxide-alpha-arabinopyranoside diterpenoids, 15-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (1) and 15-acetoxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-15-acetate-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 19-hydroxygrindelic acid (3), together with five known diterpenoids (tarapacol, tarapacanol A, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 3beta-hydroxygrindelic acid, 4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia integrifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azathioprine is a useful therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to control. However, 10% of patients are unable to tolerate azathioprine, and the best form of treatment for this group of patients is unknown. The azathioprine metabolite 6-mercaptopurine may be a useful therapy for these patients. AIM To review our clinical experience of the use of the 6-mercaptopurine in inflammatory bowel disease patients who are intolerant of azathioprine. METHODS All patients who were prescribed 6-mercaptopurine in a 2-year period were identified from pharmacy records. The case notes were reviewed and those who had previously been intolerant of azathioprine were included. RESULTS A total of 19 with either ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease were included. The reasons for discontinuing azathioprine were side-effects (13 patients), failure of efficacy (four patients) and leucopenia (two patients). Eleven of the 19 patients (68%) tolerated 6-mercaptopurine, including seven out of 13 patients (54%) who discontinued azathioprine due to side-effects. The length of follow-up of patients on 6-mercaptopurine was between 126 and 780 days (median 390 days). DISCUSSION 6-mercaptopurine should be considered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who require continuing immunosuppressive therapy, but are intolerant of azathioprine.
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Hodder SL, Mahmoud AA, Sorenson K, Weinert DM, Stein RL, Ouma JH, Koech D, King CH. Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2000; 63:133-8. [PMID: 11388504 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking Schistosoma haematobium infection with carcinoma of the bladder, the utility of cytologic screening for urinary tract cancer has not been critically evaluated in S. haematobium-endemic populations. The present cross-sectional study examined urine cytology findings among 1,014 residents (ages 1 to 91) of the S. haematobium-endemic Msambweni area of Coast Province, Kenya. Among 705 evaluable cytology specimens, prevalence of inflammation (39%), hyperkeratosis (30%), metaplasia (33%), and frank atypia (0.4%) was notably higher than in previously studied, non-endemic populations. Overall, S. haematobium infection was strongly associated with increased risk for cytologic abnormality (> 2.8-fold relative risk of metaplasia or hyperkeratosis; P < 0.001). Age-group analysis confirmed parallel increases in metaplasia and S. haematobium infection prevalence early in life (from age I to 15 for both boys and girls). However, above age 20, metaplasia prevalence persisted at 33-45% prevalence despite a decline in infection prevalence and intensity. Prevalence of advanced (moderate or severe) metaplasia showed two age-related peaks: the first at 10-14 years of age (at the time of peak infection), and the second among subjects > or = 60 years old. No cancers were detected in the study population either on cytology or on follow-up ultrasound examination. These data suggest an age-dependent progression of cellular abnormalities in the urinary epithelium that is associated with chronic S. haematobium infection, which becomes independent of concurrent infection intensity as subjects grow older. Implications for cancer screening are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hodder
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4983, USA
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Abstract
Two new norditerpenoid acids of the labdane-type (norgrindelic acids), 4,5-dehydro-6-oxo-18-norgrindelic acid (1) and 4beta-hydroxy-6-oxo-19-norgrindelic acid (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 18-hydroxy-6-oxogrindelic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia nana. In addition, the known compounds, 6-oxogrindelic acid, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 7alpha,8alpha-epoxygrindelic acid, and 4alpha-carboxygrindelic acid were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Murray
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of lupus vulgaris that spread to the left anterior ocular surface. DESIGN Case report. PARTICIPANT An 18-year-old woman presented with an 8-month history of an infiltrative skin lesion affecting the left lower eyelid and cheek area, left globe, right lacrimal sac area, together with a cystic lesion in the foot area. TESTING/INTERVENTION: The authors describe the clinical findings, radiologic study, and histopathologic study of the conjunctiva, skin, liver, and ankle lesion. The patient was treated with antituberculous medications for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Healing of the skin, conjunctival, and bone lesions. RESULTS The lesion of the face healed, leaving scar tissue. The left eye showed symblepharon with loss of its anterior surface features. The right eye showed no symblepharon, the bones of the foot healed with no deformity, and the liver function test results normalized after 3 months of antituberculous medications. CONCLUSION Lupus vulgaris can be associated with multiple system involvement. Its clinical presentation and behavior depend on the patient's immunity and duration of the disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate management may cure the disease with no life-threatening sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M El-Ghatit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Egypt
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Subramanian AK, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Magak P, King CH, Mahmoud AA, King CL. Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schistosoma haematobium. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61:476-81. [PMID: 10497994 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated selective population chemotherapy of school age children reduces infection and morbidity associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection. To examine the long-term effect of this treatment on susceptibility to re-infection and late disease, a cohort of Kenyans (n = 194) were re-examined for infection and urinary tract morbidity 7-13 years after they underwent annual ultrasonography and treatment for an average of 5 years beginning in 1984 as children. Controls were previously untreated age-matched individuals residing in the same or adjacent villages. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were equivalent between the 2 groups. In contrast, the prevalence of bladder wall pathology was 11-fold lower in previously treated (1.5%) versus untreated subjects (17%). Severe hydronephrosis was completely reversed. These data demonstrate that treatment significantly reduced urinary tract morbidity despite re-infection, and suggest that the important risk factors for urinary tract morbidity in adulthood are cumulative intensity and duration of infection during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Ohio 44106-4983, USA
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Abstract
Extracts of the aerial parts of Xanthium strumarium and fruit of X. pungens afforded a new Xanthanolide diol derivative, 11alpha,13-dihydroxyxanthatin and a new dimeric xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactone, pungiolide C, in addition to some known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods particularly high resolution (1)H-, (13)C-NMR and 2D (1)H- (1)H and (1)H- (13)C COSY NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Sang DK, Ouma JH, John CC, Whalen CC, King CL, Mahmoud AA, Heinzel FP. Increased levels of soluble interleukin-4 receptor in the sera of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:743-6. [PMID: 9952391 DOI: 10.1086/314635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Kenyan subjects with visceral leishmaniasis were examined for evidence of increased production of soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R). Soluble IL-4R regulates the bioactivity of IL-4, a cytokine important in mediating progressive forms of leishmaniasis. Persons with visceral leishmaniasis sustained 8- to 10-fold more circulating sIL-4R compared with Papua New Guinea residents with documented filariasis or uninfected Kenyan and North American subjects. Soluble IL-2R concentrations were elevated nonspecifically in both visceral leishmaniasis and filariasis patients. These findings are significant given that IL-4 induces sIL-4R in mice, and treatment with recombinant sIL-4R cures progressive murine leishmaniasis dependent on IL-4 bioactivity. Further studies are indicated to determine whether the immunologic detection of IL-4 produced in human visceral leishmaniasis is obscured because of sequestration by soluble receptor and whether the production of sIL-4R is relevant to the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Sang
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Abstract
From the aerial parts of Xanthium strumarium, three new xanthanolide and xanthane-type sesquiterpenoids, 11alpha,13-dihydroxanthatin, 4beta,5beta-epoxyxanthatin-1alpha,4alpha-endoperoxide, and 1beta,4beta,4alpha,5alpha-diepoxyxanth-11(13)-en-12-oic acid have been isolated, together with seven known compounds. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, particularly high resolution 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and NOE experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Mahmoud AA, La Montagne J, Takeda Y. Summary of the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, Bangkok, 1997. J Infect Dis 1998; 177:3-4. [PMID: 9419162 DOI: 10.1086/513828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5029, USA
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Takeda Y, Mahmoud AA. Collaborative research and training programs in infectious diseases: summary of roundtable discussion. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1997; 18:333-6. [PMID: 9348171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1997.tb01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takeda
- Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo
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35
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Ghazaly GE, Zakahary MM, el-Aziz MA, Mahmoud AA, Carretero P, Lafuente A. Expression of glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione content in squamous cell carcinoma of bladder associated with schistosomiasis in a population in Egypt. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997; 31:43-7. [PMID: 9060083 DOI: 10.3109/00365599709070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to describe the expression of the glutathione S-transferase/glutathione system in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in a population in Egypt. The glutathione-S transferase activity was significantly higher in bladder cancer specimens (n = 40) in comparison with schistosomiasis cystitis tissue (n = 42) (4-fold, p = 1 x 10(-12)) and with healthy control samples (n = 9) (10-fold, p = 1 x 10(-6)). The glutathione content was also significantly higher in bladder cancer than in cystitis tissue (2-fold, p = 8 x 10(-6)) and in control samples (6-fold, 8 x 10(-6)). When control mucosa and cystitis samples were compared, 2-fold increased values were obtained for glutathione-S transferase (p = 4 x 10(-3)) and glutathione (p = 1 x 10(-3)) in schistosomiasis bladder tissue. Results describe an over-expression of glutathione-S transferase and glutathione levels in squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, and indicate a possible role in chemoresistance to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Ghazaly
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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36
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King CL, Xianli J, Malhotra I, Liu S, Mahmoud AA, Oettgen HC. Mice with a targeted deletion of the IgE gene have increased worm burdens and reduced granulomatous inflammation following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.1.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although IgE has been considered to play an essential role in host defense against parasitic helminth infections such as Schistosoma mansoni, in vivo evidence of a protective function of IgE in infected mice is lacking. In the present study, mice with a null mutation of the C epsilon gene, and thus incapable of making IgE (IgE deficient), were infected by S. mansoni cercariae percutaneously. In two independent experiments, IgE-deficient mice were significantly more susceptible to primary infection, developing worm burdens twofold greater than those of wild-type mice (p < 0.001). In contrast, resistance to challenge infection following three immunizations with irradiated cercariae was similar in the two groups. The percentage of reduction in worm burdens in immunized IgE-deficient animals compared with unimmunized mice was 50%; immunized wild-type mice had a reduction of 55% compared with the baseline parasite count. Levels of parasite-specific IgG1 were more than twofold lower in IgE-deficient mice after primary infection (p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was observed in the IgG1 response of animals previously immunized with irradiated cercariae. IgE-deficient animals also developed significantly smaller granulomas (by 37-40%) around schistosome eggs deposited in their livers compared with wild-type animals (p < 0.001). The spleens of IgE-deficient mice contained significantly more Ag-specific IL-4-secreting cells following primary infection. These data show that IgE participates in parasite elimination in primary infection with S. mansoni and in the generation of humoral immunity and cytokine responses to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L King
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J Xianli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - I Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - H C Oettgen
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Mahmoud AA. Global health challenges: priorities for the 21st century. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1997; 108:233-244. [PMID: 9108680 PMCID: PMC2376595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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King CL, Xianli J, Malhotra I, Liu S, Mahmoud AA, Oettgen HC. Mice with a targeted deletion of the IgE gene have increased worm burdens and reduced granulomatous inflammation following primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J Immunol 1997; 158:294-300. [PMID: 8977202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although IgE has been considered to play an essential role in host defense against parasitic helminth infections such as Schistosoma mansoni, in vivo evidence of a protective function of IgE in infected mice is lacking. In the present study, mice with a null mutation of the C epsilon gene, and thus incapable of making IgE (IgE deficient), were infected by S. mansoni cercariae percutaneously. In two independent experiments, IgE-deficient mice were significantly more susceptible to primary infection, developing worm burdens twofold greater than those of wild-type mice (p < 0.001). In contrast, resistance to challenge infection following three immunizations with irradiated cercariae was similar in the two groups. The percentage of reduction in worm burdens in immunized IgE-deficient animals compared with unimmunized mice was 50%; immunized wild-type mice had a reduction of 55% compared with the baseline parasite count. Levels of parasite-specific IgG1 were more than twofold lower in IgE-deficient mice after primary infection (p = 0.005), whereas no significant difference was observed in the IgG1 response of animals previously immunized with irradiated cercariae. IgE-deficient animals also developed significantly smaller granulomas (by 37-40%) around schistosome eggs deposited in their livers compared with wild-type animals (p < 0.001). The spleens of IgE-deficient mice contained significantly more Ag-specific IL-4-secreting cells following primary infection. These data show that IgE participates in parasite elimination in primary infection with S. mansoni and in the generation of humoral immunity and cytokine responses to the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L King
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Mahmoud AA. Tropical medicine. Current problems and possible solutions. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1995; 9:265-74. [PMID: 7673665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The health of the people in tropical and subtropical countries is compromised because of multiple factors including demography, economics, and particularly an ever-increasing burden of illness from infections and parasitic diseases. At the turn of the century, malaria, schistosomiasis, and tuberculosis are three major challenges that the majority of the world population is facing with few effective chemotherapeutic or immunologic tools. Furthermore, the ever-increasing threat of emerging infections is taxing our surveillance and detection procedures. The modern biomedical revolution promises a better outcome if a global effort in investing in health is effectively launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Williams HJ, Scott AI, Reibenspies JH, Mabry TJ. New sesquiterpene alpha-methylene lactones from the Egyptian plant Jasonia candicans. J Nat Prod 1993; 56:1276-1280. [PMID: 8229012 DOI: 10.1021/np50098a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the plant Jasonia candicans possess antimicrobial activity. ET2O/MeOH extracts were subjected to liquid chromatography, and several sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified including the known compounds confertin [1], 4,11(13)-eudesmadien-12-oic acid [2], and 11-eudesmen-4-ol [3]. Two new diol alpha-methylene lactone antimicrobial agents were identified from nmr and mass spectral data and X-ray crystallography as (4 alpha, 5 alpha, 8 beta, 10 beta)-4,10-dihydroxy-1,11(13)-guaidien-12,8-olide [4] and (4 alpha, 5 alpha, 8 beta, 10 alpha)-4,10-dihydroxyl-1,11 (13)-guaidien-12,8-olide[5], which differ in stereochemistry at the C-10 tertiary alcohol center.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, Egypt
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Mahmoud AA. Academic medicine: the social consciousness of the profession. J Lab Clin Med 1993; 121:635-7. [PMID: 8478591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Blanton RE, Matsumoto Y, Peters PA, el Ibiary S, King CH, Mahmoud AA, Aikawa M. Ultrastructural localization of a protective 68,000 molecular weight antigen in Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45:112-20. [PMID: 1867344 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with SMW 68, an Mr 68,000 glycoprotein of Schistosoma mansoni, induces significant protection in mice against challenge schistosome infection. This resistance occurs without the use of adjuvants and without sensitizing animals to granuloma formation. Likewise, passive transfer of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 31-3B6 against SMW 68 confers partial protection against challenge infection. As a first step in understanding how the immune response to this molecule leads to resistance, SMW 68 was localized in three developmental stages of the parasite by immunoelectron microscopy using MAb 31-3B6 and polyclonal antisera raised against purified SMW 68. In cercariae and schistosomula, MAb 31-3B6 bound electron-dense granules within the head gland and similar granules in the preacetabular glands. In adult worms, SMW 68 or related antigens were found to be widely distributed in tissues. Binding of specific antisera was most pronounced in the gut and tegument of male worms, but less so in subtegumental muscles. We conclude that SMW 68 is presented to the immune system in various ways during parasite development. The protective protein or epitope is excreted, and presented on the surface and in the cytoplasm at various stages of the life cycle. The relationship of the location of this protein to its role in protective immunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Blanton
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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Nanduri J, Dennis JE, Rosenberry TL, Mahmoud AA, Tartakoff AM. Glycocalyx of bodies versus tails of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Lectin-binding, size, charge, and electron microscopic characterization. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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47
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Abstract
The effect of various antigens of Leishmania major promastigotes on the function of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) was examined. Different concentrations of L. major antigens were incubated with isolated PMNLs for various periods and the respiratory burst was assessed by Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. All the Leishmania antigens employed inhibited the PMNL respiratory burst by 35-64%. PMNL viability was not affected either by the concentrations or type of the parasite antigen. Oxygen free radical scavengers enhanced the action of the antigens on the PMNL respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S al Tuwaijri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Giant axons from the marine annelid Myxicola infundibulum were internally dialyzed with solutions containing 22Na ions as tracers of Na efflux. In experiments performed in Li-substituted seawater, Na efflux that is dependent on external Ca ion concentration, [Ca2+]o, was measured using dialysis to maintain [Na+]i at 100 mM, which enhances the [Ca2+]o-dependent Na efflux component, (i.e., reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange). When dialysis fluid contained EGTA (1 mM) to buffer the internal Ca concentration, [Ca2+]i, to desired levels, Na efflux lost its normal sensitivity to external calcium. The inhibition was not simply due to the Ca-chelating action of EGTA to produce insufficient [Ca2+]i to activate Na/Ca exchange. The addition of EGTA inhibited Cao-dependent Na efflux even when a large enough excess of [Ca2+]i was present to saturate the EGTA and still produce elevated values of [Ca2+]i. Control experiments showed that these high values of [Ca2+]i resulted in normal Na/Ca exchange in the absence of EGTA. It is concluded that the presence of EGTA itself interferes with the manifestation of reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange in Myxicola giant axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sjodin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Sturrock RF, Kinyanjui H, Thíongo FW, Tosha S, Ouma JH, King CH, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AA. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. 3. Snail studies monitoring the effect of chemotherapy on transmission in the Msambweni area, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84:257-61. [PMID: 2117788 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(90)90278-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular snail sampling was performed at 40 sites, representing the principal snail habitats, during a 4 year chemotherapy programme targetted at school-children in the Msambweni area of the coastal plain of Kenya. Populations of Bulinus africanus group snails, primarily from pools, showed seasonal variations, dropping when sites dried out and rising when they were refilled by the rains. Transmission, judged by the recovery of snails shedding typical fucocercous cercariae, continued throughout the treatment period at very low levels (less than 1% of the snails collected were infected) with peaks in October/November and in January/February after seasonal rains. Spatially, most infected snails were recovered from 2 large pools near the sea, close to the school that responded least well to the initial chemotherapy programme. Later, infected snails were found sporadically in inland pools, rice fields and temporary streams near another school where there was evidence of substantial reinfection as the study progressed. The snail findings are consistent with a reduction but not elimination of transmission associated with the chemotherapy programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Sturrock
- Department of Medical Parasitology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahmoud
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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