1
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Trape JF, Diagne N, Diene-Sarr F, Faye J, Dieye-Ba F, Bassène H, Badiane A, Bouganali C, Tall A, Ndiaye R, Doucouré S, Wotodjo AN, Vigan-Womas I, Guillotte-Blisnick M, Talla C, Niang M, Touré-Baldé A, Perraut R, Roussilhon C, Druilhe P, Rogier C, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Loucoubar C, Sokhna C. One hundred malaria attacks since birth. A longitudinal study of African children and young adults exposed to high malaria transmission. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102379. [PMID: 38188691 PMCID: PMC10770423 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant progress in malaria control over the past twenty years, malaria remains a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality in Tropical Africa. As most patients do not consult any health facility much uncertainty persists about the true burden of the disease and the range of individual differences in susceptibility to malaria. Methods Over a 25-years period, from 1990 to 2015, the inhabitants of Dielmo village, Senegal, an area of intense malaria transmission, have been monitored daily for their presence in the village and the occurrence of diseases. In case of fever thick blood films were systematically examined through microscopy for malaria parasites and patients received prompt diagnosis and treatment. Findings We analysed data collected in 111 children and young adults monitored for at least 10 years (mean 17.3 years, maximum 25 years) enrolled either at birth (95 persons) or during the two first years of life. A total of 11,599 episodes of fever were documented, including 5268 malaria attacks. The maximum number of malaria attacks in a single person was 112. Three other persons suffered one hundred or more malaria attacks during follow-up. The minimum number of malaria attacks in a single person was 11. The mean numbers of malaria attacks in children reaching their 4th, 7th, and 10th birthdays were 23.0, 37.7, and 43.6 attacks since birth, respectively. Sixteen children (14.4%) suffered ten or more malaria attacks each year at ages 1-3 years, and six children (5.4%) each year at age 4-6 years. Interpretation Long-term close monitoring shows that in highly endemic areas the malaria burden is higher than expected. Susceptibility to the disease may vary up to 10-fold, and for most children childhood is an endless history of malaria fever episodes. No other parasitic, bacterial or viral infection in human populations has such an impact on health. Funding The Pasteur Institutes of Dakar and Paris, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and the French Ministry of Cooperation provided funding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Joseph Faye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Epidemiology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fambaye Dieye-Ba
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hubert Bassène
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Charles Bouganali
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Epidemiology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Immunology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | | | - Cheikh Talla
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Epidemiology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Makhtar Niang
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Immunology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Immunology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Christian Roussilhon
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Immunology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur, Bio-medical Parasitology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Druilhe
- Institut Pasteur, Bio-medical Parasitology, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Epidemiology Unit, Dakar, Senegal
- Primum Vitare, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, VITROME, Dakar, Senegal
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2
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Diarra M, Ndiaye R, Barry A, Talla C, Diagne MM, Dia N, Faye J, Sarr FD, Gaye A, Diallo A, Cisse M, Dieng I, Fall G, Tall A, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, Loucoubar C. Analysis of contact tracing data showed contribution of asymptomatic and non-severe infections to the maintenance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Senegal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9121. [PMID: 37277417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal, contact tracing was done to identify transmission clusters, their analysis allowed to understand their dynamics and evolution. In this study, we used information from the surveillance data and phone interviews to construct, represent and analyze COVID-19 transmission clusters from March 2, 2020, to May 31, 2021. In total, 114,040 samples were tested and 2153 transmission clusters identified. A maximum of 7 generations of secondary infections were noted. Clusters had an average of 29.58 members and 7.63 infected among them; their average duration was 27.95 days. Most of the clusters (77.3%) are concentrated in Dakar, capital city of Senegal. The 29 cases identified as super-spreaders, i.e., the indexes that had the most positive contacts, showed few symptoms or were asymptomatic. Deepest transmission clusters are those with the highest percentage of asymptomatic members. The correlation between proportion of asymptomatic and degree of transmission clusters showed that asymptomatic strongly contributed to the continuity of transmission within clusters. During this pandemic, all the efforts towards epidemiological investigations, active case-contact detection, allowed to identify in a short delay growing clusters and help response teams to mitigate the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Diarra
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ramatoulaye Ndiaye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aliou Barry
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ndongo Dia
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aboubacry Gaye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Diallo
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Cisse
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Idrissa Dieng
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Gamou Fall
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Scientific Direction, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou A Sall
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
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3
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Diarra M, Barry A, Dia N, Diop M, Sonko I, Sagne S, Sarr FD, Talla C, Tall A, Faye J, Diop B, Diagne CT, Gaye A, Diallo A, Mbaye R, Cisse M, Taieb F, Faye O, Lakhe NA, Papa Samba B, Diallo K, Fall NM, Badiane AS, Fortes L, Diop M, Thioub D, Ly AB, Faye O, Seydi M, Bousso A, Sall AA, Loucoubar C. First wave COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274783. [PMID: 36126041 PMCID: PMC9488827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread from China to the rest of the world. Africa seems less impacted with lower number of cases and deaths than other continents. Senegal recorded its first case on March 2, 2020. We present here data collected from March 2 to October 31, 2020 in Senegal. Methods Socio-demographic, epidemiological, clinical and virological information were collected on suspected cases. To determine factors associated with diagnosed infection, symptomatic disease and death, multivariable binary logistic regression and log binomial models were used. Epidemiological parameters such as the reproduction number and growth rate were estimated. Results 67,608 suspected cases were tested by the IPD laboratories (13,031 positive and 54,577 negative). All age categories were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also patients having diabetes or hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. With diagnosed infection, patients over 65 years and those with hypertension and cardiovascular disease and diabetes were highly associated with death. Patients with co-morbidities were associated with symptomatic disease, but only the under 15 years were not associated with. Among infected, 27.67% were asymptomatic (40.9% when contacts were systematically tested; 12.11% when only symptomatic or high-risk contacts were tested). Less than 15 years-old were mostly asymptomatic (63.2%). Dakar accounted for 81.4% of confirmed cases. The estimated mean serial interval was 5.57 (± 5.14) days. The average reproduction number was estimated at 1.161 (95%CI: 1.159–1.162), the growth rate was 0.031 (95%CI: 0.028–0.034) per day. Conclusions Our findings indicated that factors associated with symptomatic COVID-19 and death are advanced age (over 65 years-old) and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Diarra
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail:
| | - Aliou Barry
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Sonko
- Centre des Opérations d’Urgence Sanitaire (COUS), Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samba Sagne
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boly Diop
- Division Surveillance Epidémiologique, Direction de la Prévention, Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Aboubacry Gaye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Diallo
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rose Mbaye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Cisse
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fabien Taieb
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Khardiata Diallo
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | - Daouda Thioub
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alioune Badara Ly
- Centre des Opérations d’Urgence Sanitaire (COUS), Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Seydi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdoulaye Bousso
- Centre des Opérations d’Urgence Sanitaire (COUS), Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou A. Sall
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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4
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Talla C, Loucoubar C, Roka JL, Barry MA, Ndiaye S, Diarra M, Thiam MS, Faye O, Dia M, Diop M, Ndiaye O, Tall A, Faye R, Mbow AA, Diouf B, Diallo JP, Keita IM, Ndiaye M, Woudenberg T, White M, Ting J, Diagne CT, Pasi O, Diop B, Sall AA, Vigan-Womas I, Faye O. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Senegal: a national population-based cross-sectional survey, between October and November 2020. IJID Reg 2022; 3:117-125. [PMID: 35720135 PMCID: PMC8897837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted to capture the true extent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure in Senegal. Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling of households was performed between October and November 2020, at the end of the first wave of COVID-19 transmission. Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies were screened using three distinct ELISA assays. Adjusted prevalence rates for the survey design were calculated for each test separately, and thereafter combined. Crude and adjusted prevalence rates based on test performance were estimated to assess the seroprevalence. As some samples were collected in high malaria endemic areas, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 seroreactivity and antimalarial humoral immunity was also investigated. Results Of the 1463 participants included in this study, 58.8% were female and 41.2% were male; their mean age was 29.2 years (range 0.20-84.8.0 years). The national seroprevalence was estimated at 28.4% (95% confidence interval 26.1-30.8%). There was substantial regional variability. All age groups were impacted, and the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was comparable in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. An estimated 4 744 392 (95% confidence interval 4 360 164-5 145 327) were potentially infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Senegal, while 16 089 COVID-19 RT-PCR laboratory-confirmed cases were reported by the national surveillance. No correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium seroreactivity. Conclusions These results provide a better estimate of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination in the Senegalese population. Preventive and control measures need to be reinforced in the country and especially in the south border regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jerlie Loko Roka
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mamadou A. Barry
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou Ndiaye
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maryam Diarra
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mareme Seye Thiam
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Dia
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Ndiaye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Sciences Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya Faye
- Immunophysiopathology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adji Astou Mbow
- Immunophysiopathology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Immunophysiopathology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean Pierre Diallo
- Prevention Department, Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Mamby Keita
- Prevention Department, Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Ndiaye
- Prevention Department, Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michael White
- Malaria: Parasites and Hosts Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jim Ting
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Omer Pasi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Boly Diop
- Prevention Department, Surveillance Division, Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou A. Sall
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Immunophysiopathology and Infectious Diseases Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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5
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Mansourou A, Joos C, Niass O, Diouf B, Tall A, Perraut R, Niang M, Toure-Balde A. Improvement of the antibody-dependent respiratory burst assay for assessing protective immune responses to malaria. Open Biol 2022; 12:210288. [PMID: 35291880 PMCID: PMC8924748 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) assay is a sensitive isoluminol-based chemiluminescence (CL) functional assay designed to assess the capacity of opsonizing antibodies against merozoites to induce neutrophil respiratory burst. ADRB was shown to measure protective immunity against malaria in endemic areas, but the assay needed further improvement to ensure better sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we adjusted parameters such as the freezing-thawing procedure of merozoites, merozoites's concentration and the buffer solution's pH, and we used the improved assay to measure ADRB activity of 207 sera from 97 and 110 individuals living, respectively, in Dielmo and Ndiop villages with differing malaria endemicity. The improvement led to increased CL intensity and assay sensitivity, and a higher reproducibility. In both areas, ADRB activity correlated with malaria endemicity and individual's age discriminated groups with and without clinical malaria episodes, and significantly correlated with in vivo clinical protection from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Our results demonstrate that the improved ADRB assay can be valuably used to assess acquired immunity during monitoring by control programmes and/or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Joos
- Unité Immunologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oumy Niass
- Unité Immunologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Unité Immunologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité Epidémiologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ronald Perraut
- Unité Immunologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Makhtar Niang
- Unité Immunologie, 36 Avenue Pasteur, 220 Dakar, Sénégal
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6
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Park SE, Pham DT, Pak GD, Panzner U, Maria Cruz Espinoza L, von Kalckreuth V, Im J, Mogeni OD, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Crump JA, Breiman RF, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Owusu-Dabo E, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Bassiahi Soura A, Aseffa A, Gasmelseed N, Sooka A, Keddy KH, May J, Aaby P, Biggs HM, Hertz JT, Montgomery JM, Cosmas L, Olack B, Fields B, Sarpong N, Razafindrabe TJL, Raminosoa TM, Kabore LP, Sampo E, Teferi M, Yeshitela B, El Tayeb MA, Krumkamp R, Dekker DM, Jaeger A, Tall A, Gassama A, Niang A, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Løfberg SV, Deerin JF, Park JK, Konings F, Carey ME, Van Puyvelde S, Ali M, Clemens J, Dougan G, Baker S, Marks F. The genomic epidemiology of multi-drug resistant invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in selected sub-Saharan African countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005659. [PMID: 34341020 PMCID: PMC8330565 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is one of the leading causes of bacteraemia in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to provide a better understanding of the genetic characteristics and transmission patterns associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) iNTS serovars across the continent. Methods A total of 166 iNTS isolates collected from a multi-centre surveillance in 10 African countries (2010–2014) and a fever study in Ghana (2007–2009) were genome sequenced to investigate the geographical distribution, antimicrobial genetic determinants and population structure of iNTS serotypes–genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in the context of the existing genomic frameworks for various iNTS serovars. Population-based incidence of MDR-iNTS disease was estimated in each study site. Results Salmonella Typhimurium sequence-type (ST) 313 and Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 were predominant, and both exhibited high frequencies of MDR; Salmonella Dublin ST10 was identified in West Africa only. Mutations in the gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance) were identified in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in Ghana; an ST313 isolate carrying blaCTX-M-15 was found in Kenya. International transmission of MDR ST313 (lineage II) and MDR ST11 (West African clade) was observed between Ghana and neighbouring West African countries. The incidence of MDR-iNTS disease exceeded 100/100 000 person-years-of-observation in children aged <5 years in several West African countries. Conclusions We identified the circulation of multiple MDR iNTS serovar STs in the sampled sub-Saharan African countries. Investment in the development and deployment of iNTS vaccines coupled with intensified antimicrobial resistance surveillance are essential to limit the impact of these pathogens in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Thanh Pham
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KEMRI Complex, Nairobi, Kenya.,Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Abdramane Bassiahi Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nagla Gasmelseed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.,Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arvinda Sooka
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen H Keddy
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holly M Biggs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Julian T Hertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KEMRI Complex, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leonard Cosmas
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KEMRI Complex, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Barry Fields
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KEMRI Complex, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nimako Sarpong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Denise Myriam Dekker
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adama Tall
- Institute Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amy Gassama
- Institute Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Valborg Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Megan E Carey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,University of California, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Conner RO, Dieye Y, Hainsworth M, Tall A, Cissé B, Faye F, Sy MD, Ba A, Sene D, Ba S, Doucouré E, Thiam T, Diop M, Schneider K, Cissé M, Ba M, Earle D, Guinot P, Steketee RW, Guinovart C. Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact. Malar J 2020; 19:252. [PMID: 32664939 PMCID: PMC7362450 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Population-wide interventions using malaria testing and treatment might decrease the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum infection and accelerate towards elimination. Questions remain about their effectiveness and evidence from different transmission settings is needed.
Methods
A pilot quasi-experimental study to evaluate a package of population-wide test and treat interventions was conducted in six health facility catchment areas (HFCA) in the districts of Kanel, Linguère, and Ranérou (Senegal). Seven adjacent HFCAs were selected as comparison. Villages within the intervention HFCAs were stratified according to the 2013 incidences of passively detected malaria cases, and those with an incidence ≥ 15 cases/1000/year were targeted for a mass test and treat (MTAT) in September 2014. All households were visited, all consenting individuals were tested with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and, if positive, treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. This was followed by weekly screening, testing and treatment of fever cases (PECADOM++) until the end of the transmission season in January 2015. Villages with lower incidence received only PECADOM++ or case investigation. To evaluate the impact of the interventions over that transmission season, the incidence of passively detected, RDT-confirmed malaria cases was compared between the intervention and comparison groups with a difference-in-difference analysis using negative binomial regression with random effects on HFCA.
Results
During MTAT, 89% (2225/2503) of households were visited and 86% (18,992/22,170) of individuals were tested, for a combined 77% effective coverage. Among those tested, 291 (1.5%) were RDT positive (range 0–10.8 by village), of whom 82% were < 20 years old and 70% were afebrile. During the PECADOM++ 40,002 visits were conducted to find 2784 individuals reporting fever, with an RDT positivity of 6.5% (170/2612). The combination of interventions resulted in an estimated 38% larger decrease in malaria case incidence in the intervention compared to the comparison group (adjusted incidence risk ratio = 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002). The cost of the MTAT was $14.3 per person.
Conclusions
It was operationally feasible to conduct MTAT and PECADOM++ with high coverage, although PECADOM++ was not an efficient strategy to complement MTAT. The modest impact of the intervention package suggests a need for alternative or complementary strategies.
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8
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Conner RO, Dieye Y, Hainsworth M, Tall A, Cissé B, Faye F, Sy MD, Ba A, Sene D, Ba S, Doucouré E, Thiam T, Diop M, Schneider K, Cissé M, Ba M, Scott CA, Kumar R, Asfaw E, Earle D, Guinot P, Steketee RW, Guinovart C. Correction to: Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact. Malar J 2020; 19:443. [PMID: 33256751 PMCID: PMC7706200 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben O Conner
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Yakou Dieye
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Michael Hainsworth
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Adama Tall
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Badara Cissé
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Farba Faye
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Mame Demba Sy
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Ba
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Doudou Sene
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Ba
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Elhadji Doucouré
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Tidiane Thiam
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Diop
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Kammerle Schneider
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Moustapha Cissé
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mady Ba
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Callie A Scott
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Ritu Kumar
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Elias Asfaw
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Duncan Earle
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Philippe Guinot
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Richard W Steketee
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Caterina Guinovart
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. .,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Pilor N, Ndiaye M, Diouf M, Faye A, Tall A, Ndiaye C, Deguenonvo R, Diom E, Ndiaye I, Diouf R. A rare cause of bilateral exophthalmos: about one case with a sphenoid mucocele. RHINOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/20.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mucocele is a benign cystic pseudo-tumor that develops within the sinus cavities. The most frequent locations are frontal and frontoethmoidal. The sphenoidal forms are rare. We report a case of sphenoidal mucocele revealed by bilateral exophthalmos. Methods and results: We report the case of a 14 year old male patient, without any particular pathological history, referred by his ophthalmologist for bilateral nasal obstruction, bilateral exophthalmos and visual acuity decrease evolving since one year. The ENT examination found a large, renitrant mass, filling the entire right nasal cavity. This mass pushed the nasal septum to the left. The CT scan showed a large sphenoidal, hypodense mass evoking a mucocele. The patient underwent endonasal marsupialization by endoscopic guidance. Conclusions: Sphenoidal mucocele is a rare cause of bilateral exophthalmos. The diagnosis can be misplaced when the signs are overt extra-sinus. Hence the interest of CT in order to eliminate other differential dignostics.
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10
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Baker S, Ali M, Deerin JF, Eltayeb MA, Cruz Espinoza LM, Gasmelseed N, Im J, Panzner U, Kalckreuth VV, Keddy KH, Pak GD, Park JK, Park SE, Sooka A, Sow AG, Tall A, Luby S, Meyer CG, Marks F. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program: Geospatial Sampling Frames for Household-based Studies: Lessons Learned From a Multicountry Surveillance Network in Senegal, South Africa, and Sudan. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:S474-S482. [PMID: 31665783 PMCID: PMC6821174 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robust household sampling, commonly applied for population-based investigations, requires sampling frames or household lists to minimize selection bias. We have applied Google Earth Pro satellite imagery to constitute structure-based sampling frames at sites in Pikine, Senegal; Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wad-Medani, Sudan. Here we present our experiences in using this approach and findings from assessing its applicability by determining positional accuracy. Methods Printouts of satellite imagery combined with Global Positioning System receivers were used to locate and to verify the locations of sample structures (simple random selection; weighted-stratified sampling). Positional accuracy was assessed by study site and administrative subareas by calculating normalized distances (meters) between coordinates taken from the sampling frame and on the ground using receivers. A higher accuracy in conjunction with smaller distances was assumed. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn multiple pairwise comparisons were performed to evaluate positional accuracy by setting and by individual surveyor in Pietermaritzburg. Results The median normalized distances and interquartile ranges were 0.05 and 0.03–0.08 in Pikine, 0.09 and 0.05–0.19 in Pietermaritzburg, and 0.05 and 0.00–0.10 in Wad-Medani, respectively. Root mean square errors were 0.08 in Pikine, 0.42 in Pietermaritzburg, and 0.17 in Wad-Medani. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn comparisons indicated significant differences by low- and high-density setting and interviewers who performed the presented approach with high accuracy compared to interviewers with poor accuracy. Conclusions The geospatial approach presented minimizes systematic errors and increases robustness and representativeness of a sample. However, the findings imply that this approach may not be applicable at all sites and settings; its success also depends on skills of surveyors working with aerial data. Methodological modifications are required, especially for resource-challenged sites that may be affected by constraints in data availability and area size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Nagla Gasmelseed
- Faculty of Medicine at the University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
- Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Karen H Keddy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arvinda Sooka
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Stephen Luby
- Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, California
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Florian Marks
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: F. Marks, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea ()
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11
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Younes H, Tall A, Diouf M, Senghor F. Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus excision through the endonasal endoscopic approach. RHINOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Younes H, Tall A, Sanou Diouf M, Senghor F. Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus excision through the endonasal endoscopic approach. RHINOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/20.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sinonasal hemangiomas are rare, especially hemangiomas of the sphenoid sinus, for which very few cases have been reported. Observation: We report the case of a 20-year-old patient who had consulted for epistaxis associated with headache. A CT scan of the nose and sinuses revealed a heterogeneous tumor process filling the sphenoid sinus. A minimally invasive endonasal surgery under endoscopic guidance allowed complete removal of the tumor. The histological study of the surgical specimen had revealed capillary hemangioma. After 27 months of decline, no recurrence was noted. Conclusion: Capillary hemangioma is very rare in its sphenoidal location. Endonasal endoscopic excision allows optimal control, after a good pre-operative evaluation.
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13
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Diouf MS, Tall A, Ndiaye C, Thiam A, Deguenonvo R, Ndiaye M. Complications of sinusitis: An 80-case series from the ENT and neurosurgery departments of the Fann university hospital center of Dakar, Senegal. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020; 137:473-476. [PMID: 32280049 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Locoregional complications of sinusitis are dominated by oculo-orbital and/or cranioencephalic manifestations that may be life-threatening or jeopardize functional prognosis. The aim of this study was to report epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study included inpatients managed for sinusitis complications in the ENT and neurosurgery departments of the Fann university hospital center in Dakar, Senegal between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2016. RESULTS In all, 80 files were collected. Mean age was 18.5 years, with male predominance. Mean time to treatment was 18.2 days. Cranio-encephalic complications were the most frequent (54 cases; 67.5%): mainly subdural empyema (30 cases) and brain abscess (10 cases). Seventeen patients (21.25%) had oculo-orbital complications: mainly orbital cellulitis (52.9%) and preseptal cellulitis (29.4%). Nine patients (11.25%) had both cranioencephalic and oculo-orbital complications. Acute sinusitis (82.5%) was the main cause of complications. 52.5% of patients showed pansinus involvement. Medical treatment consisted in broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy combining third-generation cephalosporins, metronidazole and gentamycin in cranio-encephalic complications and clavulanic acid and metronidazole in oculo-orbital complications. Thirty-four patients (42.5%) underwent surgical sinus drainage. Neurosurgical drainage was performed in 35 cases (43.75%). Post-treatment course was marked by 6.25% mortality (5 cases) and 16.25% sequelae. CONCLUSION With 6.25% mortality and a high rate of functional sequelae, complications of sinusitis are a serious concern in our region. Improving prognosis requires earlier management and better coordination between health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Diouf
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - A Tall
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - C Ndiaye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A Thiam
- Hôpital Général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - M Ndiaye
- Université de Thies, Thies, Senegal
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14
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Millogo G, Koudougou KJ, Kinda G, Camara I, Ouédraogo EM, Boro T, Loya M, Adoko H, Kagambéga L, Tall A, Yaméogo NV, Zabsonré P. [Cardio-Renal Syndrome In Patients Hospitalized In The Cardiology Department Of The University Hospital Center Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (CHUYO): Epidemiology, Clinic, Paraclinic And Course's Aspects]. Mali Med 2020; 35:10-17. [PMID: 37978740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to study cardio-renal syndrome in patients hospitalized in the cardiology department of the University Hospital Center Yalgado OUEDRAOGO (CHUYO). PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective, descriptive study for a period of three years, from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012. The study incorporated patients with associated signs of Heart Failure (HF) and Renal Insufficiency (RI). Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical parameters were considered in the study. We evaluated the value of creatinine clearance at admission and its progress during the hospitalization until patients were discharged. RESULTS Sample group of 119 patients over the period; the prevalence of the syndrome cardio-renal (CRF) was 10.93%. The mean age of our patients was 52.6 ± 16.6 years. (extremes: 15-85 years). The sex ratio was 1.33. Our patients' medical histories were dominated by high blood pressure (58.8%) and hypertensive heart disease (33.6%). Dyspnea was the major functional sign in our study (84.9%). Left heart failure syndrome (LHFS) was the most frequently encountered clinical picture (91.3%). The mean value of the creatinine clearance at baseline was 41.5 ± 24.3 mL/min/1.73m2. The signs ECGs and Doppler echocardiograms were those of underlying heart disease: the hypertensive heart disease. An abdominal-pelvic ultrasound found a bilateral kidney failure in 65.7% cases. The average length of hospitalization was 17.7 ± 17.5 days. Death occurred in 19.5% cases. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CRS was high in the CHU-YO. The prognosis was largely influenced by whether it was an acute or chronic kidney failure. Emphasis should be placed on primary prevention of CRS, early diagnosis and etiology of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grc Millogo
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - K J Koudougou
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - G Kinda
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de pédiatrie médicale du CHUP-CDG de Ouagadougou
| | | | - E M Ouédraogo
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - T Boro
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - M Loya
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - H Adoko
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - L Kagambéga
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - A Tall
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - N V Yaméogo
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
| | - P Zabsonré
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/SDS), Université de Ouagadougou
- Service de cardiologie du CHU-YO de Ouagadougou
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15
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Ndiaye M, Sanou Diouf M, Ndiaye C, Sy A, Ndiaye M, Tall A, Siga Diom E, Cheikh Ndiaye I, Diouf R. Rhinoscleroma: report of 2 cases and literature review. RHINOL 2019. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/19.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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16
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Bei AK, Niang M, Deme AB, Daniels RF, Sarr FD, Sokhna C, Talla C, Faye J, Diagne N, Doucoure S, Mboup S, Wirth DF, Tall A, Ndiaye D, Hartl DL, Volkman SK, Toure-Balde A. Dramatic Changes in Malaria Population Genetic Complexity in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal, Revealed Using Genomic Surveillance. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:622-627. [PMID: 29325146 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic changes in transmission intensity can impact Plasmodium population diversity. Using samples from 2 distant time-points in the Dielmo/Ndiop longitudinal cohorts from Senegal, we applied a molecular barcode tool to detect changes in parasite genotypes and complexity of infection that corresponded to changes in transmission intensity. We observed a striking statistically significant difference in genetic diversity between the 2 parasite populations. Furthermore, we identified a genotype in Dielmo and Ndiop previously observed in Thiès, potentially implicating imported malaria. This genetic surveillance study validates the molecular barcode as a tool to assess parasite population diversity changes and track parasite genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Bei
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Le Dantec Hospital, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal
| | | | - Awa B Deme
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Le Dantec Hospital, Senegal.,Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal
| | - Rachel F Daniels
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | | | - Cheikh Sokhna
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Doucoure
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, URMITE, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology, Le Dantec Hospital, Senegal.,Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidemiologique et de Formations, Senegal
| | - Dyann F Wirth
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Senegal
| | - Daniel L Hartl
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge
| | - Sarah K Volkman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge.,School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu-Walsh F, Hauschild J, Leo G, Masucci J, Tall A, Tierney N, Capone K. 999 Prebiotic colloidal oatmeal supports the growth of S. epidermidis and enhances the production of lactic acid. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Millogo GRC, Seghda A, Ilboudo M, Konaté L, Bassolet B, Kologo JK, Toé MF, Boro T, Yaméogo NV, Loya M, Adoko H, Kagambéga L, Tall A, Marcaggi X, Font M, Samadoulougou AK, Zabsonré P. [Five years assessment of cardiac stimulation in two public hospitals in Burkina Faso: An experiment of collaboration with two hospitals in Auvergne]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2017; 66:255-259. [PMID: 29050734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac stimulation becomes a reality in Burkina Faso. The aim of our study was to evaluate this activity over five years and to appreciate the impact of collaboration with French hospitals of Auvergne area in its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study including consecutively patients who underwent pacemaker implantation since June 2011. Data collected included indications, time to care, type of stimulation, complications, cost of treatment, and education and quality of life of the patient. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients received definitive pacemaker from June 2011 to June 2016, of whom 45.5% were women. The mean age was 69 years (extremes 35 to 89s). Almost all patients (94%) were symptomatic (54% syncope and 30% dizziness and lipothymias). The main indication for definitive cardiac pacing was complete atrioventricular block of degenerative origin (83%). The mean time between indication and surgery was 8.2 days, and only 4% of patients received temporary stimulation. The lack of financial support was the main reason for the delay in taking charge. During the study period, the two health centers received support in the form of stimulation equipment, a technical platform, and regular training and practical training. This collaboration made it possible to overcome the lack of material, human and financial resources. We recorded as complications a case of case exteriorization, two cases of benign local hematoma and two cases of probe displacement. The quality of life of the patients improved markedly, none of patients undergoing surgery remained symptomatic. CONCLUSION The organization of cardiac stimulation in Burkina Faso is a reality. Efforts must be made to sustain the activity and strengthen collaboration with hospitals in the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R C Millogo
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - A Seghda
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - M Ilboudo
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - L Konaté
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - B Bassolet
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - J K Kologo
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - M F Toé
- Service de cardiologie, centre médical Schiphra, 01 code postal 121, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - T Boro
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - N V Yaméogo
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - M Loya
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - H Adoko
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - L Kagambéga
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - A Tall
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - X Marcaggi
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier Jacques-Lacarin, 03270 Vichy, France
| | - M Font
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 15002 Aurillac, France
| | - A K Samadoulougou
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - P Zabsonré
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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19
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Perraut R, Varela ML, Joos C, Diouf B, Sokhna C, Mbengue B, Tall A, Loucoubar C, Touré A, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Association of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-4 with protection against clinical malaria. Vaccine 2017; 35:6720-6726. [PMID: 29042203 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of parasite antigens targeted by immune effector mechanisms that confer protection against malaria is important for the design of a multi-component malaria vaccine. Here, the association of antibodies reacting with the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-4 (MSP4) with protection against clinical malaria was investigated in a Senegalese community living in an area of moderate, seasonal malaria transmission. Blood samples were collected at the end of an 8-month long dry season without any recorded parasite transmission from 206 residents enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. Active daily clinical monitoring was implemented during the subsequent five months. Entomologic monitoring documented parasite transmission during the first three months of follow-up. Serum IgG levels were determined by ELISA against three MSP4 baculovirus-encoded recombinant protein constructs, namely the full-length MSP4p40, MSP4p30 devoid of a highly polymorphic sequence stretch and the conserved C-terminal EGF-containing MSP4p20, as well as against a merozoite crude extract. Community seroprevalence against all three constructs was quite high, the lowest being against MSP4p30. Seroprevalence and antibody levels against the three MSP4 constructs were age-dependent. IgG1 dominated the anti-MSP4p20 responses, while both IgG1 and IgG3 were observed against MSP4p40. Anti-MSP4 antibodies were associated with the antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) activity in a functional assay of merozoite phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells. Importantly, high antibody levels against each of the three MSP4 constructs at the end of the dry season were associated with reduced morbidity during the subsequent transmission season in an age-adjusted Poisson regression model (IRR = 0.65 [0.50-0.83], P<0.001 for responses over the median values). These data are consistent with a protective role for the naturally acquired anti-MSP4 antibodies and support further development of MSP4 as a candidate component of malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | | | - Babacar Diouf
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, UMR 198, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, Département Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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20
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Niass O, Saint-Pierre P, Niang M, Diop F, Diouf B, Faye MM, Sarr FD, Faye J, Diagne N, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Perraut R, Tall A, Diongue AK, Toure Balde A. Modelling dynamic change of malaria transmission in holoendemic setting (Dielmo, Senegal) using longitudinal measures of antibody prevalence to Plasmodium falciparum crude schizonts extract. Malar J 2017; 16:409. [PMID: 29020949 PMCID: PMC5637097 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of local Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission has been investigated previously using the reversible catalytic model based on prevalence of antibody responses to single antigen to estimate seroconversion rates. High correlations were observed between seroconversion rates and entomological inoculation rates (EIR). However, in this model, the effects of malaria control interventions and clinical episodes on serological measurements were not assessed. This study monitors the use of antibody responses to P. falciparum crude extracts for assessing malaria transmission, compares seroconversion rates estimated from longitudinal data to those derived from cross-sectional surveys and investigates the effects of malaria control interventions on these measures in an area of declining malaria transmission. In addition, the validity of this model was evaluated by comparison with the alternative model. Methods Five cross-sectional surveys were carried out at the end of the wet season in Dielmo, a malaria-endemic Senegalese rural area in 2000, 2002, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Antibodies against schizonts crude extract of a local P. falciparum strain adapted to culture (Pf 07/03) were measured by ELISA. Age-specific seroprevalence model was used both for cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal data (combined data of all surveys). Results A total of 1504 plasma samples obtained through several years follow-up of 350 subjects was used in this study. Seroconversion rates based on P. falciparum schizonts crude extract were estimated for each cross-sectional survey and were found strongly correlated with EIR. High variability between SCRs from cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys was observed. In longitudinal studies, the alternative catalytic reversible model adjusted better with serological data than the catalytic model. Clinical malaria attacks and malaria control interventions were found to have significant effect on seroconversion. Discussion The results of the study suggested that crude extract was a good serological tool that could be used to assess the level of malaria exposure in areas where malaria transmission is declining. However, additional parameters such as clinical malaria and malaria control interventions must be taken into account for determining serological measurements for more accuracy in transmission assessment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2052-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumy Niass
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire d'étude et de Recherche en Statistique et Développement, Université Gaston Berger, BP 237, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | | | - Makhtar Niang
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fode Diop
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Michel Matar Faye
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diène Sarr
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdou Kâ Diongue
- Laboratoire d'étude et de Recherche en Statistique et Développement, Université Gaston Berger, BP 237, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Aïssatou Toure Balde
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
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Niang M, Niass O, Diagne N, Sarr FD, Faye MM, Diop F, Diouf B, Faye J, Badiane A, Perraut R, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Tall A, Toure-Balde A. Temporal analysis of IgG antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in relation to changing malaria epidemiology in a West African setting. Malar J 2017; 16:283. [PMID: 28693608 PMCID: PMC5504683 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coordinated scaled-up malaria control interventions have substantially contributed to the dramatic decrease of malaria-related morbidity and mortality in several endemic countries, including Senegal. However, the impacts of a given malaria control intervention on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and disease burden remain very poorly documented largely due to the lack of continuous surveys. This study took advantage of the sera bank established as part of the Dielmo longitudinal project to investigate the dynamics of IgG antibody responses that accompanied the epidemiological changes resulting from malaria control interventions. Schizonts crude extract of a local strain of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfsch07/03) was used in ELISA to measure and compare seroprevalence and magnitude of IgG antibody responses from 2000 to 2012. Results The prevalence of Pfsch07/03 IgG antibody responses progressively decreased from 97.25% in 2000 to 57.3% in 2012. The prevalence of Pfsch07/03 antibodies categorized between three different age groups (<7, 7–15, and >15 years) revealed increased seroprevalence with age ranging from 47.19 to 62.67 and 89.45%, respectively in (<7, 7–15, and >15 years) old age groups. A marked drop in seroprevalence was observed after 2008 and was significant in the younger (<7 years) and intermediate (7–15 years) age groups, unlike older individuals aged >15 years (p = 1.00). Conclusions The study revealed a substantial contribution of all malaria control interventions to the decrease of IgG antibodies responses to Pfsch07/03 throughout prevention of human-mosquitos contacts, or reduction of parasite biomass. The present study demonstrates the wider potential of sero-epidemiological analysis in monitoring changes in malaria transmission resulting from a given malaria control intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhtar Niang
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumy Niass
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Institut de Recherche pour le développement, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Michel Matar Faye
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fode Diop
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abdoulaye Badiane
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ronald Perraut
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le développement, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aissatou Toure-Balde
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
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22
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Wotodjo AN, Doucoure S, Gaudart J, Diagne N, Diene Sarr F, Faye N, Tall A, Raoult D, Sokhna C. Malaria in Dielmo, a Senegal village: Is its elimination possible after seven years of implementation of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179528. [PMID: 28678846 PMCID: PMC5497975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malaria burden has decreased significantly in recent years in Africa through the widespread use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). However, the occurrence of malaria resurgences, the loss of immunity of exposed populations constitute among other factors, serious concerns about the future of malaria elimination efforts. This study investigated the evolution of malaria morbidity in Dielmo (Senegal) before and after the implementation of LLINs. METHODS A longitudinal study was carried out in Dielmo over eight years, from July 2007 to July 2015. In July 2008, LLINs were offered to all villagers, and in July 2011 and August 2014 the LLINs were renewed. A survey on LLINs use was done each quarter of the year. Thick smears stained with Giemsa, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were performed for all cases of fever to assess malaria clinical attacks. Malaria cases were treated with ACT since June 2006. RESULTS Malaria morbidity has decreased significantly since the implementation of LLINs in Dielmo, together with ACT. However, malaria resurgences have occurred twice during the seven years of LLINs use. These resurgences occurred the first time during the third year after the introduction of LLINs (aIRR (adjusted incidence-rate ratio) [95%CI] = 5.90 [3.53; 9.88] p< 0.001) and a second time during the third year after the renewal of LLINs (aIRR [95%CI] = 5.60 [3.34; 9.39] p< 0.001). Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the nets tested for their long-lasting insecticidal activity remained effective after 3 years of use. CONCLUSION Good management of malaria cases by the use of ACT as first-line treatment against malaria in addition to the use of LLINs has significantly reduced malaria in Dielmo and allowed to reach the phase of pre-elimination of the disease. However, the occurrence of malaria resurgences raised serious concerns about malaria elimination, which would require additional tools in this village.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélé Nyedzie Wotodjo
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, BP, CP Dakar, Senegal,Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/ Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Doucoure
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, BP, CP Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille Univ, IER, INSERM, SESSTIM UMR912, Marseille, France
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, BP, CP Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diene Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ngor Faye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/ Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD198, UM63, CNRS7278, INSERMU1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD-IRD, BP, CP Dakar, Senegal,* E-mail:
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23
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Perraut R, Varela ML, Loucoubar C, Niass O, Sidibé A, Tall A, Trape JF, Wotodjo AN, Mbengue B, Sokhna C, Vigan-Womas I, Touré A, Richard V, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Serological signatures of declining exposure following intensification of integrated malaria control in two rural Senegalese communities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179146. [PMID: 28609450 PMCID: PMC5469466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent control scale-up has reduced malaria in many areas but new tools are needed to monitor further progress, including indicators of decreasing exposure to parasite infection. Although serology is considered a promising approach in this regard, the serological impact of control interventions has been so far studied using indirect quantification of exposure. Cohort surveys concomitantly recording entomological and malariometric indices have been conducted in two Senegalese settings where supervised control intensification implemented in 2006 shifted malaria from historically holoendemic in Dielmo and mesoendemic in Ndiop to hypoendemic in both settings by 2013. We analyse here serological signatures of declining transmission using archived blood samples. Responses against ten pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae alongside an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen were analysed. Cross-sectional surveys conducted before (2002) and after (2013) control intensification showed a major impact of control intensification in both settings. The age-associated prevalence, magnitude and breadth of the IgG responses to all antigens were village-specific in 2002. In 2013, remarkably similar patterns were observed in both villages, with marginal responses against all parasite antigens in the 0-5y children and reduced responses in all previously seropositive age groups. Waning of humoral responses of individuals who were immune at the time of control intensification was studied from 2006 to 2013 using yearly samplings. Longitudinal data were analysed using the Cochran-Armittage trend test and an age-related reversible catalytic conversion model. This showed that the antigen-specific antibody declines were more rapid in older children than adults. There was a strong association of antibody decline with the declining entomological inoculation rate. We thus identified serological markers of declining exposure to malaria parasites that should help future monitoring of progress towards malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie-Louise Varela
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, G4 Biostatistiques Bioinformatique et Modélisation, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oumy Niass
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Awa Sidibé
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Babacar Mbengue
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunogénétique, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Unité d’Immunologie des Maladies Infectieuses, Antanarivo, Madagascar
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
| | - Aissatou Touré
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Parasitology and Insect Vectors, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France
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24
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Loucoubar C, Grant AV, Bureau JF, Casademont I, Bar NA, Bar-Hen A, Diop M, Faye J, Sarr FD, Badiane A, Tall A, Trape JF, Cliquet F, Schwikowski B, Lathrop M, Paul RE, Sakuntabhai A. Detecting multi-way epistasis in family-based association studies. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:394-402. [PMID: 27178992 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has led to the discovery of numerous genetic variants associated with disease. Better understanding of whether these or other variants interact leading to differential risk compared with individual marker effects will increase our understanding of the genetic architecture of disease, which may be investigated using the family-based study design. We present M-TDT (the multi-locus transmission disequilibrium test), a tool for detecting family-based multi-locus multi-allelic effects for qualitative or quantitative traits, extended from the original transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Tests to handle the comparison between additive and epistatic models, lack of independence between markers and multiple offspring are described. Performance of M-TDT is compared with a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach designed for investigating families in the hypothesis-free genome-wide setting (the multifactor dimensionality reduction pedigree disequilibrium test, MDR-PDT). Other methods derived from the TDT or MDR to investigate genetic interaction in the family-based design are also discussed. The case of three independent biallelic loci is illustrated using simulations for one- to three-locus alternative hypotheses. M-TDT identified joint-locus effects and distinguished effectively between additive and epistatic models. We showed a practical example of M-TDT based on three genes already known to be implicated in malaria susceptibility. Our findings demonstrate the value of M-TDT in a hypothesis-driven context to test for multi-way epistasis underlying common disease etiology, whereas MDR-PDT-based methods are more appropriate in a hypothesis-free genome-wide setting.
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Marks F, von Kalckreuth V, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, El Tayeb MA, Ali M, Aseffa A, Baker S, Biggs HM, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Breiman RF, Campbell JI, Cosmas L, Crump JA, Espinoza LMC, Deerin JF, Dekker DM, Fields BS, Gasmelseed N, Hertz JT, Van Minh Hoang N, Im J, Jaeger A, Jeon HJ, Kabore LP, Keddy KH, Konings F, Krumkamp R, Ley B, Løfberg SV, May J, Meyer CG, Mintz ED, Montgomery JM, Niang AA, Nichols C, Olack B, Pak GD, Panzner U, Park JK, Park SE, Rabezanahary H, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Raminosoa TM, Razafindrabe TJL, Sampo E, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Sow AG, Sarpong N, Seo HJ, Sooka A, Soura AB, Tall A, Teferi M, Thriemer K, Warren MR, Yeshitela B, Clemens JD, Wierzba TF. Incidence of invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre population-based surveillance study. Lancet Glob Health 2017; 5:e310-e323. [PMID: 28193398 PMCID: PMC5316558 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available incidence data for invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Standardised, multicountry data are required to better understand the nature and burden of disease in Africa. We aimed to measure the adjusted incidence estimates of typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the causative agents. METHODS We established a systematic, standardised surveillance of blood culture-based febrile illness in 13 African sentinel sites with previous reports of typhoid fever: Burkina Faso (two sites), Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar (two sites), Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania (two sites). We used census data and health-care records to define study catchment areas and populations. Eligible participants were either inpatients or outpatients who resided within the catchment area and presented with tympanic (≥38·0°C) or axillary temperature (≥37·5°C). Inpatients with a reported history of fever for 72 h or longer were excluded. We also implemented a health-care utilisation survey in a sample of households randomly selected from each study area to investigate health-seeking behaviour in cases of self-reported fever lasting less than 3 days. Typhoid fever and iNTS disease incidences were corrected for health-care-seeking behaviour and recruitment. FINDINGS Between March 1, 2010, and Jan 31, 2014, 135 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) and 94 iNTS isolates were cultured from the blood of 13 431 febrile patients. Salmonella spp accounted for 33% or more of all bacterial pathogens at nine sites. The adjusted incidence rate (AIR) of S Typhi per 100 000 person-years of observation ranged from 0 (95% CI 0-0) in Sudan to 383 (274-535) at one site in Burkina Faso; the AIR of iNTS ranged from 0 in Sudan, Ethiopia, Madagascar (Isotry site), and South Africa to 237 (178-316) at the second site in Burkina Faso. The AIR of iNTS and typhoid fever in individuals younger than 15 years old was typically higher than in those aged 15 years or older. Multidrug-resistant S Typhi was isolated in Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania (both sites combined), and multidrug-resistant iNTS was isolated in Burkina Faso (both sites combined), Ghana, Kenya, and Guinea-Bissau. INTERPRETATION Typhoid fever and iNTS disease are major causes of invasive bacterial febrile illness in the sampled locations, most commonly affecting children in both low and high population density settings. The development of iNTS vaccines and the introduction of S Typhi conjugate vaccines should be considered for high-incidence settings, such as those identified in this study. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Mohammad Ali
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Holly M Biggs
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James I Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Leonard Cosmas
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; WHO-Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John A Crump
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Denise Myriam Dekker
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - Barry S Fields
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nagla Gasmelseed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julian T Hertz
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hyon Jin Jeon
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Karen H Keddy
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ley
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea; Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - Sandra Valborg Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Eric D Mintz
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Chelsea Nichols
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beatrice Olack
- Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institute Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; University Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nimako Sarpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arvinda Sooka
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abdramane Bassiahi Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Tall
- Institute Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Kamala Thriemer
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea; Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - Michelle R Warren
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; University of California Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Wierzba
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, South Korea
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Al-Emran HM, Krumkamp R, Dekker DM, Eibach D, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Rubach MP, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Crump JA, Cruz Espinoza LM, Løfberg SV, Gassama Sow A, Hertz JT, Im J, Jaeger A, Kabore LP, Konings F, Meyer CG, Niang A, Pak GD, Panzner U, Park SE, Rabezanahary H, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Raminosoa TM, Razafindrabe TJL, Sampo E, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Sarpong N, Soura AB, Tall A, von Kalckreuth V, Wierzba TF, May J, Marks F. Validation and Identification of Invasive Salmonella Serotypes in Sub-Saharan Africa by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 1:S80-2. [PMID: 26933026 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) cause the majority of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa; however, serotyping is rarely performed. We validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor (WKLM) scheme of serotyping using 110 Salmonella isolates from blood cultures of febrile children in Ghana and applied the method in other Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program study sites. In Ghana, 47 (43%) S. Typhi, 36 (33%) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, 14 (13%) Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, and 13 (12%) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were identified by both multiplex PCR and the WKLM scheme separately. Using the validated multiplex PCR assay, we identified 42 (66%) S. Typhi, 14 (22%) S. Typhimurium, 2 (3%) S. Dublin, 2 (3%) S. Enteritidis, and 4 (6%) other Salmonella species from the febrile patients in Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Senegal, and Tanzania. Application of this multiplex PCR assay in sub-Saharan Africa could advance the knowledge of serotype distribution of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Eibach
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Ghana
| | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mathew P Rubach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | - John A Crump
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sandra Valborg Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institute Pasteur Senegal Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julian T Hertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Sampo
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nimako Sarpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Im J, Nichols C, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Sow AG, Løfberg S, Tall A, Pak GD, Aaby P, Baker S, Clemens JD, Espinoza LMC, Konings F, May J, Monteiro M, Niang A, Panzner U, Park SE, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Wierzba TF, Marks F, von Kalckreuth V. Prevalence of Salmonella Excretion in Stool: A Community Survey in 2 Sites, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 1:S50-5. [PMID: 26933022 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and convalescent carriers play an important role in the transmission and endemicity of many communicable diseases. A high incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection has been reported in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, yet the prevalence of Salmonella excretion in the general population is unknown. METHODS Stool specimens were collected from a random sample of households in 2 populations in West Africa: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, and Dakar, Senegal. Stool was cultured to detect presence of Salmonella, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the isolated organisms. RESULTS Stool was cultured from 1077 and 1359 individuals from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, respectively. Salmonella Typhi was not isolated from stool samples at either site. Prevalence of NTS in stool samples was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.5-35.1; n = 26/1077) per 1000 population in Guinea-Bissau and 10.3 (95% CI, 6.1-17.2; n = 14/1359) per 1000 population in Senegal. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of NTS excretion in stool in both study populations indicates a possible NTS transmission route in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sandra Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Stephen Baker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, and German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg
| | - Mario Monteiro
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | | | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park SE, Pak GD, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, Biggs HM, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Breiman RF, Crump JA, Cruz Espinoza LM, Eltayeb MA, Gasmelseed N, Hertz JT, Im J, Jaeger A, Parfait Kabore L, von Kalckreuth V, Keddy KH, Konings F, Krumkamp R, MacLennan CA, Meyer CG, Montgomery JM, Ahmet Niang A, Nichols C, Olack B, Panzner U, Park JK, Rabezanahary H, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Sampo E, Sarpong N, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Sooka A, Soura AB, Sow AG, Tall A, Teferi M, Yeshitela B, May J, Wierzba TF, Clemens JD, Baker S, Marks F. The Relationship Between Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease, Other Bacterial Bloodstream Infections, and Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 1:S23-31. [PMID: 26933016 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Country-specific studies in Africa have indicated that Plasmodium falciparum is associated with invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease. We conducted a multicenter study in 13 sites in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of iNTS disease, other systemic bacterial infections, and malaria. METHODS Febrile patients received a blood culture and a malaria test. Isolated bacteria underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the association between iNTS disease and malaria was assessed. RESULTS A positive correlation between frequency proportions of malaria and iNTS was observed (P = .01; r = 0.70). Areas with higher burden of malaria exhibited higher odds of iNTS disease compared to other bacterial infections (odds ratio [OR], 4.89; 95% CI, 1.61-14.90; P = .005) than areas with lower malaria burden. Malaria parasite positivity was associated with iNTS disease (OR, 2.44; P = .031) and gram-positive bacteremias, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, exhibited a high proportion of coinfection with Plasmodium malaria. Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis were the predominant NTS serovars (53/73; 73%). Both moderate (OR, 6.05; P = .0001) and severe (OR, 14.62; P < .0001) anemia were associated with iNTS disease. CONCLUSIONS A positive correlation between iNTS disease and malaria endemicity, and the association between Plasmodium parasite positivity and iNTS disease across sub-Saharan Africa, indicates the necessity to consider iNTS as a major cause of febrile illness in malaria-holoendemic areas. Prevention of iNTS disease through iNTS vaccines for areas of high malaria endemicity, targeting high-risk groups for Plasmodium parasitic infection, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Holly M Biggs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Robert F Breiman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John A Crump
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Julian T Hertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Karen H Keddy
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Calman A MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Sampo
- Schiphra Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nimako Sarpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine
| | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institute Pasteur Senegal, Dakar Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephen Baker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Nichols C, Cruz Espinoza LM, von Kalckreuth V, Aaby P, Ahmed El Tayeb M, Ali M, Aseffa A, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Breiman RF, Cosmas L, Crump JA, Dekker DM, Gassama Sow A, Gasmelseed N, Hertz JT, Im J, Kabore LP, Keddy KH, Konings F, Valborg Løfberg S, Meyer CG, Montgomery JM, Niang A, Njariharinjakamampionona A, Olack B, Pak GD, Panzner U, Park JK, Park SE, Rabezanahary H, Rakotondrainiarivelo JP, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Raminosoa TM, Rubach MP, Teferi M, Seo HJ, Sooka A, Soura A, Tall A, Toy T, Yeshitela B, Clemens JD, Wierzba TF, Baker S, Marks F. Bloodstream Infections and Frequency of Pretreatment Associated With Age and Hospitalization Status in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 61 Suppl 4:S372-9. [PMID: 26449954 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. The Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) recruited febrile inpatients and outpatients of all ages using identical study procedures and enrollment criteria, thus providing an opportunity to assess disease etiology and pretreatment patterns among children and adults. METHODS Inpatients and outpatients of all ages with tympanic or axillary temperatures of ≥38.0 or ≥37.5°C, respectively, and inpatients only reporting fever within the previous 72 hours were eligible for recruitment. All recruited patients had one blood sample drawn and cultured for microorganisms. Data from 11 TSAP surveillance sites in nine different countries were used in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to compare frequencies of pretreatment and BSIs in febrile children (<15 years old) and adults (≥15 years old) in each country. Pooled Cochran Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for overall trends. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the odds of a culture-proven BSI between children and adults among inpatients or outpatients. Among both inpatients and outpatients, children had significantly higher odds of having a contaminated blood culture compared with adults. Using country-pooled data, child outpatients had 66% higher odds of having Salmonella Typhi in their bloodstream than adults (OR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.73). Overall, inpatient children had 59% higher odds of pretreatment with analgesics in comparison to inpatient adults (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28-1.97). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients with culture-proven BSIs in children compared with adults was similar across the TSAP study population; however, outpatient children were more likely to have Salmonella Typhi infections than outpatient adults. This finding points to the importance of including outpatient facilities in surveillance efforts, particularly for the surveillance of typhoid fever. Strategies to reduce contamination among pediatric blood cultures are needed across the continent to prevent the misdiagnosis of BSI cases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Robert F Breiman
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leonard Cosmas
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi
| | - John A Crump
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Julian T Hertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Karen H Keddy
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra Valborg Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi
| | | | | | - Beatrice Olack
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research, Nairobi
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew P Rubach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center
| | | | - Hye Jin Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Abdramane Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Trevor Toy
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - John D Clemens
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
| | | | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Panzner U, Pak G, Meyer C, Ali M, Baker S, Clemens J, Fung Deerin J, Gasmelseed N, Im J, Keddy K, Gassama Sow A, Tall A, Park J, Wierzba T, Marks F. Typhoid fever surveillance in africa program (TSAP): Constructing a geospatial sampling frame for random sampling of households. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Al-Emran HM, Eibach D, Krumkamp R, Ali M, Baker S, Biggs HM, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Breiman RF, Clemens JD, Crump JA, Cruz Espinoza LM, Deerin J, Dekker DM, Gassama Sow A, Hertz JT, Im J, Ibrango S, von Kalckreuth V, Kabore LP, Konings F, Løfberg SV, Meyer CG, Mintz ED, Montgomery JM, Olack B, Pak GD, Panzner U, Park SE, Razafindrabe JLT, Rabezanahary H, Rakotondrainiarivelo JP, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Raminosoa TM, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Sampo E, Soura AB, Tall A, Warren M, Wierzba TF, May J, Marks F. A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 1:S42-6. [PMID: 26933020 PMCID: PMC4772832 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing numbers of S. Typhi with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different parts of the world. However, data from SSA are limited. In this study, we aimed to measure the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of S. Typhi isolated from patients with febrile illness in SSA. METHODS Febrile patients from 9 sites within 6 countries in SSA with a body temperature of ≥38.0°C were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were obtained for bacterial culture, and Salmonella isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of all Salmonella isolates was performed by disk diffusion test, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against ciprofloxacin were measured by Etest. All Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC > 0.06 µg/mL) were screened for mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions in target genes, and the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was assessed by PCR. RESULTS A total of 8161 blood cultures were performed, and 100 (1.2%) S. Typhi, 2 (<0.1%) Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, and 27 (0.3%) nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) were isolated. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhi were isolated in Kenya (79% [n = 38]) and Tanzania (89% [n = 8]) only. Reduced ciprofloxacin-susceptible (22% [n = 11]) S. Typhi were isolated only in Kenya. Among those 11 isolates, all had a Glu133Gly mutation in the gyrA gene combined with either a gyrA (Ser83Phe) or gyrB mutation (Ser464Phe). One Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was found in Senegal, with 1 mutation in gyrA (Ser83Phe) and a second mutation in parC (Ser57Phe). Mutations in the parE gene and PMQR genes were not detected in any isolate. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was not distributed homogenously throughout SSA. Its prevalence was very high in Kenya, and was not observed in other study countries. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is required to follow the potential spread of antimicrobial-resistant isolates throughout SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Al-Emran
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Krumkamp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen Baker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Holly M Biggs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Robert F Breiman
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya Collaboration, Nairobi Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka
| | - John A Crump
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jessica Deerin
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denise Myriam Dekker
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julian T Hertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Frank Konings
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandra Valborg Løfberg
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric D Mintz
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya Collaboration, Nairobi
| | - Beatrice Olack
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya Collaboration, Nairobi
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi Schütt-Gerowitt
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Sampo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Panzner U, Pak GD, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, Baker S, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Crump JA, Deerin J, Cruz Espinoza LM, Gasmelseed N, Heriniaina JN, Hertz JT, Im J, von Kalckreuth V, Keddy KH, Lankoande B, Løfberg S, Meyer CG, Oresto MM, Park JK, Park SE, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Sarpong N, Soura AB, Gassama Sow A, Tall A, Teferi M, Worku A, Yeshitela B, Wierzba TF, Marks F. Utilization of Healthcare in the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 62 Suppl 1:S56-68. [PMID: 26933023 PMCID: PMC4772834 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing healthcare utilization is important to identify weaknesses of healthcare systems, to outline action points for preventive measures and interventions, and to more accurately estimate the disease burden in a population. METHODS A healthcare utilization survey was developed for the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) to adjust incidences of salmonellosis determined through passive, healthcare facility-based surveillance. This cross-sectional survey was conducted at 11 sites in 9 sub-Saharan African countries. Demographic data and healthcare-seeking behavior were assessed at selected households. Overall and age-stratified percentages of each study population that sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility and elsewhere were determined. RESULTS Overall, 88% (1007/1145) and 81% (1811/2238) of the population in Polesgo and Nioko 2, Burkina Faso, respectively, and 63% (1636/2590) in Butajira, Ethiopia, sought healthcare for fever at any TSAP healthcare facility. A far smaller proportion-namely, 20%-45% of the population in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau (1743/3885), Pikine, Senegal (1473/4659), Wad-Medani, Sudan (861/3169), and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (667/2819); 18% (483/2622) and 9% (197/2293) in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, Madagascar, respectively; and 4% (127/3089) in Moshi, Tanzania-sought healthcare at a TSAP healthcare facility. Patients with fever preferred to visit pharmacies in Imerintsiatosika and Isotry, and favored self-management of fever in Moshi. Age-dependent differences in healthcare utilization were also observed within and across sites. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare utilization for fever varied greatly across sites, and revealed that not all studied populations were under optimal surveillance. This demonstrates the importance of assessing healthcare utilization. Survey data were pivotal for the adjustment of the program's estimates of salmonellosis and other conditions associated with fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Aaby
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mohammad Ali
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John A Crump
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica Deerin
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Julian T Hertz
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Karen H Keddy
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nimako Sarpong
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine
| | | | - Amy Gassama Sow
- Institute Pasteur de Dakar Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Joos C, Varela ML, Mbengue B, Mansourou A, Marrama L, Sokhna C, Tall A, Trape JF, Touré A, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Perraut R. Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1p19 malaria vaccine candidate induce antibody-dependent respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Malar J 2015; 14:409. [PMID: 26471813 PMCID: PMC4608189 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of plasmodial antigens targeted by protective immune mechanisms is important for malaria vaccine development. Among functional assays, the neutrophil antibody-dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) induced by opsonized Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been correlated with acquired immunity to clinical malaria in endemic areas, but the target merozoite antigens are unknown. Here, the contribution of antibodies to the conserved C-terminal domain of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP1p19) in mediating ADRB was investigated in sera from individuals living in two Senegalese villages with differing malaria endemicity. Methods Anti-PfMSP1p19 antibody levels in sera from 233 villagers were investigated and the involvement of anti-PfMSP1p19 antibodies in ADRB was explored in a subset of samples using (1) isogenic P. falciparum parasite clones expressing P. falciparum or Plasmodium chabaudi MSP1p19; (2) PfMSP1p19-coated plaque ADRB; and, (3) ADRB triggering using sera depleted from PfMSP1p19 antibodies by absorption onto the baculovirus recombinant antigen. Results ADRB activity correlated with anti-PfMSP1p19 IgG levels (P < 10−3). A substantial contribution of PfMSP1p19 antibody responses to ADRB was confirmed (P < 10−4) in an age-adjusted linear regression model. PfMSP1p19 antibodies accounted for 33.1 % (range 7–54 %) and 33.2 % (range 0–70 %) of ADRB activity evaluated using isogenic merozoites (P < 10−3) and depleted sera (P = 0.0017), respectively. Coating of PfMSP1p19 on plates induced strong ADRB in anti-PfMSP1p19-positive sera. Conclusion These data show that naturally acquired P. falciparum MSP1p19 antibodies are potent inducers of neutrophil ADRB and support the development of PfMSP1p19-based malaria vaccine using ADRB assay as a functional surrogate for protection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0935-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Joos
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Babacar Mbengue
- Unité d'Immunogénétique/UCAD, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Laurence Marrama
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), URMITE, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Aissatou Touré
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
| | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
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Espié E, Diene Sarr F, Diop F, Faye J, Richard V, Tall A, Touré Baldé A. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Malaria Incidence in Children Less than 10 Years Old, Health District of Sokone, Senegal, 2010-2013. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137737. [PMID: 26381623 PMCID: PMC4575190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Detailed characterization of the risks for malaria, among populations living in areas where the disease is endemic, is an important priority, especially for planning and evaluating future malaria-control tools. A prospective cohort study was implemented in children under ten years living in rural areas with high Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Senegal. Methods Malaria incidence was prospectively evaluated over three year follow-up among a cohort of children aged less than 10 years old living in eight villages of the Sokone health district. The parents of 1316 children comprising a passive case detection cohort were encouraged to seek care from the study health centers at any time their child felt sick. In the event of reported history of fever within 24 hours or measured axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C, a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was performed. Results From November 2010 to October 2013, among the 1468 reported febrile episodes, 264 were confirmed malaria episodes. Over the 3 years, 218 (16.9%) children experienced at least one clinical malaria episode. Cumulative malaria incidence was 7.3 episodes per 100 children-year at risk, with remarkably heterogeneous rates from 2.5 to 10.5 episodes per 100 children-year at risk. Clinical malaria prevalence ranged from 11.5 to 28.4% in the high transmission season versus from 9.6 to 21.2% in the low transmission season. Conclusion This longitudinal community-based study shows that occurrence of clinical malaria was not evenly distributed among all the cohort children in the eight villages. It demonstrates the complexity of spatial distribution of malaria incidence at a local level, even in a region of vegetation and altitudinal homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Espié
- Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Fodé Diop
- Immunology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Shelton JMG, Corran P, Risley P, Silva N, Hubbart C, Jeffreys A, Rowlands K, Craik R, Cornelius V, Hensmann M, Molloy S, Sepulveda N, Clark TG, Band G, Clarke GM, Spencer CCA, Kerasidou A, Campino S, Auburn S, Tall A, Ly AB, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Sakuntabhai A, Djimdé A, Maiga B, Touré O, Doumbo OK, Dolo A, Troye-Blomberg M, Mangano VD, Verra F, Modiano D, Bougouma E, Sirima SB, Ibrahim M, Hussain A, Eid N, Elzein A, Mohammed H, Elhassan A, Elhassan I, Williams TN, Ndila C, Macharia A, Marsh K, Manjurano A, Reyburn H, Lemnge M, Ishengoma D, Carter R, Karunaweera N, Fernando D, Dewasurendra R, Drakeley CJ, Riley EM, Kwiatkowski DP, Rockett KA. Genetic determinants of anti-malarial acquired immunity in a large multi-centre study. Malar J 2015; 14:333. [PMID: 26314886 PMCID: PMC4552443 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies report associations between human genetic factors and immunity to malaria but few have been reliably replicated. These studies are usually country-specific, use small sample sizes and are
not directly comparable due to differences in methodologies. This study brings together samples and data collected from multiple sites across Africa and Asia to use standardized methods to look for consistent genetic effects on anti-malarial antibody levels. Methods Sera, DNA samples and clinical data were collected from 13,299 individuals from ten sites in Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka using standardized methods. DNA was extracted and typed for 202 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with known associations to malaria or antibody production, and antibody levels to four clinical grade malarial antigens [AMA1, MSP1, MSP2, and (NANP)4] plus total IgE were measured by ELISA techniques. Regression models were used to investigate the associations of clinical and genetic factors with antibody levels. Results Malaria infection increased levels of antibodies to malaria antigens and, as expected, stable predictors of anti-malarial antibody levels included age, seasonality, location, and ethnicity. Correlations between antibodies to blood-stage antigens AMA1, MSP1 and MSP2 were higher between themselves than with antibodies to the (NANP)4 epitope of the pre-erythrocytic circumsporozoite protein, while there was little or no correlation with total IgE levels. Individuals with sickle cell trait had significantly lower antibody levels to all blood-stage antigens, and recessive homozygotes for CD36 (rs321198) had significantly lower anti-malarial antibody levels to MSP2. Conclusion Although the most significant finding with a consistent effect across sites was for sickle cell trait, its effect is likely to be via reducing a microscopically positive parasitaemia rather than directly on antibody levels. However, this study does demonstrate a framework for the feasibility of combining data from sites with heterogeneous malaria transmission levels across Africa and Asia with which to explore genetic effects on anti-malarial immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0833-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M G Shelton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Patrick Corran
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Paul Risley
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Nilupa Silva
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anna Jeffreys
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Kate Rowlands
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rachel Craik
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Victoria Cornelius
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Meike Hensmann
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sile Molloy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Nuno Sepulveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Taane G Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Geraldine M Clarke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christopher C A Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Angeliki Kerasidou
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Susana Campino
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Adama Tall
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Alioune Badara Ly
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
- Parasite Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Abdoulaye Djimdé
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Boubacar Maiga
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Ousmane Touré
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Amagana Dolo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, USTTB, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Marita Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 20B, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Valentina D Mangano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Frederica Verra
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - David Modiano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Edith Bougouma
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Muntaser Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ayman Hussain
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Nahid Eid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Abier Elzein
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Hiba Mohammed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ahmed Elhassan
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ibrahim Elhassan
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Sciences Campus, Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Thomas N Williams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya. .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Carolyne Ndila
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Alexander Macharia
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Hugh Reyburn
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Martha Lemnge
- National Institute for Medical Research, Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Deus Ishengoma
- National Institute for Medical Research, Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Richard Carter
- Division of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
| | - Nadira Karunaweera
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Deepika Fernando
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Rajika Dewasurendra
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Christopher J Drakeley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Dominic P Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Kirk A Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
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Laneri K, Paul RE, Tall A, Faye J, Diene-Sarr F, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Rodó X. Dynamical malaria models reveal how immunity buffers effect of climate variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8786-91. [PMID: 26124134 PMCID: PMC4507245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419047112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the influence of climate on the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide and how it might impact local malaria dynamics is complex and extrapolation to other settings or future times is controversial. This is especially true in the light of the particularities of the short- and long-term immune responses to infection. In sites of epidemic malaria transmission, it is widely accepted that climate plays an important role in driving malaria outbreaks. However, little is known about the role of climate in endemic settings where clinical immunity develops early in life. To disentangle these differences among high- and low-transmission settings we applied a dynamical model to two unique adjacent cohorts of mesoendemic seasonal and holoendemic perennial malaria transmission in Senegal followed for two decades, recording daily P. falciparum cases. As both cohorts are subject to similar meteorological conditions, we were able to analyze the relevance of different immunological mechanisms compared with climatic forcing in malaria transmission. Transmission was first modeled by using similarly unique datasets of entomological inoculation rate. A stochastic nonlinear human-mosquito model that includes rainfall and temperature covariates, drug treatment periods, and population variability is capable of simulating the complete dynamics of reported malaria cases for both villages. We found that under moderate transmission intensity climate is crucial; however, under high endemicity the development of clinical immunity buffers any effect of climate. Our models open the possibility of forecasting malaria from climate in endemic regions but only after accounting for the interaction between climate and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Laneri
- Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Climate Dynamics and Impacts Unit, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro Atómico Bariloche, Consejo Nacional Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Grupo de Física Estadística e Interdisciplinaria, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina;
| | - Richard E Paul
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de la Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Department of Genomes and Genetics, F-75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses (UR 172), BP 220 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses (UR 172), BP 220 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fatoumata Diene-Sarr
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Infectieuses (UR 172), BP 220 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Pathogénie Afro-Tropicale (Unité Mixte de Recherche 198), Département Santé, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Pathogénie Afro-Tropicale (Unité Mixte de Recherche 198), Département Santé, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Xavier Rodó
- Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Climate Dynamics and Impacts Unit, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Wotodjo AN, Trape JF, Richard V, Doucouré S, Diagne N, Tall A, Ndiath O, Faye N, Gaudart J, Rogier C, Sokhna C. No difference in the incidence of malaria in human-landing mosquito catch collectors and non-collectors in a Senegalese village with endemic malaria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126187. [PMID: 25966028 PMCID: PMC4428811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human landing catches is the gold standard method used to study the vectors of malaria and to estimate their aggressiveness. However, this method has raised safety concerns due to a possible increased risk of malaria or other mosquito-borne diseases among the mosquito collectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malaria attacks among mosquito collectors and to compare these results with those of non-collectors in a Senegalese village. Methods From July 1990 to December 2011, a longitudinal malaria study involving mosquito collectors and non-collectors was performed in Dielmo village, Senegal. During the study period, 4 drugs were successively used to treat clinical malaria, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets were offered to all villagers in July 2008. No malaria chemoprophylaxis was given to mosquito collectors. Incidence of uncomplicated clinical malaria and asymptomatic malaria infection were analyzed among these two groups while controlling for confounding factors associated with malaria risk in random effects negative binomial and logistic regression models, respectively. Results A total of 3,812 person-trimester observations of 199 adults at least 15 years of age were analyzed. Clinical malaria attacks accounted for 6.3% both in collectors and non-collectors, and asymptomatic malaria infections accounted for 21% and 20% in collectors and non-collectors, respectively. A non-significant lower risk of malaria was observed in the collector group in comparison with the non-collector group after adjusting for other risk factors of malaria and endemicity level (Clinical malaria: adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.65-1.22; p= 0.47). Conclusion Being a mosquito collector in Dielmo was not significantly associated with an increased risk of malaria both under holoendemic, mesoendemic and hypoendemic conditions of malaria epidemiology. This result supports the view that HLC, the most accurate method for evaluating malaria transmission, may be used without health concerns in Dielmo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélé N. Wotodjo
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 198, UM63, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) 7278, INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar)-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Épidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Souleymane Doucouré
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 198, UM63, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) 7278, INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar)-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 198, UM63, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) 7278, INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar)-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Épidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ousmane Ndiath
- Institut Pasteur International Network, G4 Leader Group, Institut pasteur of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Ngor Faye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 912, SESSTIM (Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale), (INSERM-IRD-AMU), Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, UM 63, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 198, UM63, CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) 7278, INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Campus UCAD (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar)-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
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Tall A, N'diaye C, Diom ES, Thiam I. Solitary neurofibroma originating from the posterior nasal septum: Transnasal endoscopic resection. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2015; 132:223-5. [PMID: 25846118 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The head and neck region is one of the locations of neurogenic tumors such as neurofibroma. Although mostly associated with neurofibromatosis, it can be solitary. The present study reports a very rare case of solitary neurofibroma originating from the posterior nasal septum. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old female presented with tumor in the right nasal cavity. The tumor, originating in the posterior nasal septum, extended to the posterior sinuses and nasopharynx. Following endoscopic and radiological assessment, the tumor was resected by transnasal endoscopic surgery. Histological examination showed the tumor to be a neurofibroma. At 14months' follow-up, there was no recurrence. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS However rare, solitary neurofibroma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral benign tumor involving nasal and paranasal sinuses. A transnasal endoscopic approach should be considered for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tall
- Clinique ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU, Hôpital de Fann, avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - C N'diaye
- Clinique ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU, Hôpital de Fann, avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - E-S Diom
- Clinique ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, CHU, Hôpital de Fann, avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - I Thiam
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, 30, avenue Pasteur, BP 3001, Dakar, Senegal
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Keita AK, Fenollar F, Socolovschi C, Ratmanov P, Bassene H, Sokhna C, Tall A, Mediannikov O, Raoult D. The detection of vector-borne-disease-related DNA in human stool paves the way to large epidemiological studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:1021-6. [PMID: 25796396 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of Plasmodium spp. by the molecular analysis of human feces was reported to be comparable to detection in the blood. We believe that for epidemiological studies using molecular tools, it would be simpler to use feces, which are easier to obtain and require no training for their collection. Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of feces for the detection of these pathogens towards developing a new tool for their surveillance. Between 2008 and 2010, 451 human fecal samples were collected in two Senegalese villages in which malaria and rickettsioses are endemic. Rickettsia and Plasmodium DNA were detected using quantitative PCR targeting Rickettsia of the spotted fever group, R. felis and Plasmodium spp. Two different sequences were systematically targeted for each pathogen. Twenty of the 451 fecal samples (4.4 %) were positive for Rickettsia spp., including 8 for R. felis. Inhabitants of Dielmo were more affected (18/230, 7.8 %; p = 0.0008) compared to those of Ndiop (2/221, 0.9 %). Children under 15 years of age were more often positive (19/285, 6.7 %) than were older children (1/166, 0.6 %; p = 0.005, odds ratio = 11.79). Only one sample was positive for Plasmodium spp. This prevalence is similar to that found in the blood of the Senegalese population reported previously. This preliminary report provides a proof of concept for the use of feces for detecting human pathogens, including microorganisms that do not cause gastroenteritis, in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha Kabinet Keita
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Cristina Socolovschi
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Pavel Ratmanov
- Department of Public Health and Health Services Management, Far Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | - Hubert Bassene
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM63, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095 Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France. .,Campus International de Hann, IRD, BP 1386, 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Mbengue B, Sylla Niang M, Ndiaye Diallo R, Diop G, Thiam A, Ka O, Touré A, Tall A, Perraut R, Dièye A. [IgG responses to candidate malaria vaccine antigens in the urban area of Dakar (Senegal): evolution according to age and parasitemia in patients with mild symptoms]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 108:94-101. [PMID: 25925805 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-015-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major problem in African countries despite substantial decreases in morbidity and mortality due to sustained control programs. Studies for the evaluation of qualitative or quantitative Ab responses to key targets of anti-plasmodium immunity were mostly done in rural endemic setting compared to urban area. In a cohort of 200 patients with mild malaria and living in Dakar, we analyze total and subclasses IgG responses to a panel of P. falciparum blood stage antigens: MSP1p19, MSP3, EB200, GST-5 and R23. A mean age of 15 yrs (4 to 56 yrs) and parasitemia between 0.1 to 17% were found. Levels of IgG anti-MSP3 were higher in patients with low parasitemia (≤1%) and appear negatively correlated to parasite densities (Rho =. 0.54; p= 0.021). This correlation is more significant in children (≤ 15 yrs). In addition, an increase of IgG responses against MSP1p19 is highly observed in adults having a parasitemia less than 1%. In those patients, we find that IgG1 subclasses were predominant (p <0.01). Our study shows an association between Ab responses and parasitemia. This association is dependant to IgG anti-MSP3 in children and IgG anti-MSP1p19 in adults living in urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mbengue
- Service d'immunologie UCAD FMPO, Dakar, Sénégal,
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Diom ES, Thiam A, Tall A, Ndiaye M, Toure S, Diouf R. Profile of parotid gland tumours: experience of 93 cases over a period of 16 years. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2014; 132:9-12. [PMID: 25443688 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathology of the salivary glands focuses on that of the parotid gland. The purpose of this study is to clarify and explain the epidemiological features of parotid tumors in a Senegalese context, to highlight the importance of clinical examination when access to complementary investigations is limited, to discuss respective indications and finally to describe certain aspects of treatment in our context. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study of 114 cases of parotidectomy spans 16 years, from 1992 to 2007. It was performed in the ENT department of University Hospital of Fann, Senegal. All patients operated on for chronic mass of the parotid region for whom histological results were available when initially included. Benign swellings were subsequently excluded. The study parameters were epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and surgical. RESULTS The 114 parotidectomies showed a predominance of benign tumours: 63 procedures (55.26%) essentially concerned pleomorphic adenoma; 30 cases (26.31%) concerned malignant tumours, mainly parotid adenocarcinoma. There were 21 cases of benign swelling (18.4%). The study focused on the series of 93 cases of benign and malignant tumours of the parotid gland. Both sexes were affected similarly. All age groups were concerned, from 5 to 89 years. A total of 97% of patients underwent surgery: conservative total parotidectomy in 75.51% of cases. CONCLUSION Although there are features specific to the local context, the epidemiological profile of parotid tumours is well-known. Indications for complementary investigations are discussed, as availability in Senegal is restricted, highlighting the important role of clinical examination in the management of parotid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-S Diom
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal.
| | - A Thiam
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal
| | - A Tall
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal
| | - M Ndiaye
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal
| | - S Toure
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal
| | - R Diouf
- Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU de Fann, BP 23656, Dakar Ponty, Senegal
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Nao EEM, Ndiaye M, Tall A, Ndiaye IC, Diouf R, Diop EM. [Chondroma of the tongue: about a case]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 115:e47-8. [PMID: 25458592 DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E-E-M Nao
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal.
| | - M Ndiaye
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal
| | - A Tall
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal
| | - I-C Ndiaye
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal
| | - R Diouf
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal
| | - E-M Diop
- Service universitaire d'ORL et chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, BP 6483, Dakar Étoile, Sénégal
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Perraut R, Richard V, Varela ML, Trape JF, Guillotte M, Tall A, Toure A, Sokhna C, Vigan-Womas I, Mercereau-Puijalon O. Comparative analysis of IgG responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP1p19 and PF13-DBL1α1 using ELISA and a magnetic bead-based duplex assay (MAGPIX®-Luminex) in a Senegalese meso-endemic community. Malar J 2014; 13:410. [PMID: 25326042 PMCID: PMC4221706 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous Plasmodium falciparum antigens elicit humoral responses in humans living in endemic areas. Use of multiplex assays is a convenient approach to monitor the antibody response against multiple antigens, but to integrate multiplex assay-derived data with datasets, generated previously using ELISA, comparative studies are needed. This work compares antibody responses to two P. falciparum antigens monitored using both technologies. Methods The IgG response against the merozoite surface protein-1 PfMSP1p19 and the PF13-DBL1α1 domain of the P. falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein1, expressed by the rosette-forming parasite 3D7/PF13 (PF13), was investigated using ELISA and a MAGPIX®-Luminex duplex assay. Archived plasma samples collected before the rainy season from 217 villagers living in Ndiop, a Senegalese meso-endemic setting, were studied. ROC analysis was used to define the optimal antibody measure readout. Association of antibody levels with protection against clinical malaria was analysed using Poisson regression in a retrospective study from active case detection records performed during the 5.5-month transmission season that followed blood sampling. Results There was a strong positive correlation (P <10-3) between ELISA and MAGPIX®-Luminex-MFI (median fluorescence intensity) values for antibody to PfMSP1p19 (rho = 0.78) and PF13-DBL1α1 (rho = 0.89), with a similar degree of concordance in all age groups. Antibody levels to both antigens were high but displayed a different age-associated pattern. Independent age-adjusted Poisson regression analysis showed a significant association with protection only for IgG responses to MSP1p19 (P <0.01 RR = 0.71 [0.53-0.93]) measured by ELISA. Conclusion The individual ELISA and duplex-MAGPIX assays provide a concordant evaluation of age-associated antibody responses to MSP1p19 and PF13-DBL1α1, irrespective of the formulation of antibody levels (values, ratios or ROC-adjusted figures) but do diverge with regard to the association of antibody levels with clinical protection in age-adjusted models. This may reflect incomplete overlap of the epitopes presented in the two formats. Further development for multiplex assessment of antibody responses to a larger panel of antigens with the robust and cost effective MAGPIX®-Luminex technology is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-410) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d'Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal.
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Angelakis E, Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Mouffok N, Bassene H, Tall A, Niangaly H, Doumbo O, Znazen A, Sarih M, Sokhna C, Raoult D. Coxiella burnetii-positive PCR in febrile patients in rural and urban Africa. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 28:107-10. [PMID: 25245003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Q fever has been reported throughout the African continent. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of Coxiella burnetii in febrile patients from Africa. METHODS Blood samples from febrile and non-febrile patients from six African countries and from France were investigated retrospectively for Q fever infection by molecular assays targeting the IS1111 and IS30A spacers. RESULTS We tested 1888 febrile patients from Senegal, Mali, Tunisia, Algeria, Gabon, and Morocco and found one male adult patient (0.3%) infected with C. burnetii in Algeria and six positive patients (0.5%) in Senegal. For one patient from Senegal we determined that the infection was caused by C. burnetii genotype 35. In Senegal, more patients were infected with C. burnetii in Keur Momar Sarr (p=0.002) than in the other locations. Blood samples taken from 500 (51% males) non-febrile people from Senegal and France were all negative. CONCLUSIONS The installation of point-of-care laboratories in rural Africa can be a very effective tool for studying the epidemiology of many infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France; Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Nadjet Mouffok
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Hubert Bassene
- URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France; Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hamidou Niangaly
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sciences Techniques and Technology, Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abir Znazen
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Research 'MPH', Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mhammed Sarih
- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France; Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France; Campus Commun UCAD-IRD of Hann, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
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Perraut R, Joos C, Sokhna C, Polson HEJ, Trape JF, Tall A, Marrama L, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Richard V, Longacre S. Association of antibody responses to the conserved Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 5 with protection against clinical malaria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101737. [PMID: 25047634 PMCID: PMC4105459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 5 (PfMSP5) is an attractive blood stage vaccine candidate because it is both exposed to the immune system and well conserved. To evaluate its interest, we investigated the association of anti-PfMSP5 IgG levels, in the context of responses to two other conserved Ags PfMSP1p19 and R23, with protection from clinical episodes of malaria in cross-sectional prospective studies in two different transmission settings. Methods Ndiop (mesoendemic) and Dielmo (holoendemic) are two Senegalese villages participating in an on-going long-term observational study of natural immunity to malaria. Blood samples were taken before the transmission season (Ndiop) or before peak transmission (Dielmo) and active clinical surveillance was carried out during the ensuing 5.5-month follow-up. IgG responses to recombinant PfMSP5, PfMSP1p19 and R23 were quantified by ELISA in samples from surveys carried out in Dielmo (186 subjects) and Ndiop (221 subjects) in 2002, and Ndiop in 2000 (204 subjects). In addition, 236 sera from the Dielmo and Ndiop-2002 surveys were analyzed for relationships between the magnitude of anti-PfMSP5 response and neutrophil antibody dependent respiratory burst (ADRB) activity. Results Anti-PfMSP5 antibodies predominantly IgG1 were detected in 60–74% of villagers, with generally higher levels in older age groups. PfMSP5 IgG responses were relatively stable for Ndiop subjects sampled both in 2000 and 2002. ADRB activity correlated with age and anti-PfMSP5 IgG levels. Importantly, PfMSP5 antibody levels were significantly associated with reduced incidence of clinical malaria in all three cohorts. Inclusion of IgG to PfMSP1p19 in the poisson regression model did not substantially modify results. Conclusion These results indicate that MSP5 is recognized by naturally acquired Ab. The large seroprevalence and association with protection against clinical malaria in two settings with differing transmission conditions and stability over time demonstrated in Ndiop argue for further evaluation of baculovirus PfMSP5 as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Perraut
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Joos
- Unité d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
- Laboratoire de Vaccinologie-Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Paludologie/ Zoologie Médicale, IRD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Laurence Marrama
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Vincent Richard
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Shirley Longacre
- Laboratoire de Vaccinologie-Parasitaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Trape JF, Tall A, Sokhna C, Ly AB, Diagne N, Ndiath O, Mazenot C, Richard V, Badiane A, Dieye-Ba F, Faye J, Ndiaye G, Diene Sarr F, Roucher C, Bouganali C, Bassène H, Touré-Baldé A, Roussilhon C, Perraut R, Spiegel A, Sarthou JL, da Silva LP, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Druilhe P, Rogier C. The rise and fall of malaria in a West African rural community, Dielmo, Senegal, from 1990 to 2012: a 22 year longitudinal study. Lancet Infect Dis 2014; 14:476-88. [PMID: 24813159 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the effect of malaria control interventions on vector and parasite populations, acquired immunity, and burden of the disease is needed to guide strategies to eliminate malaria from highly endemic areas. We monitored and analysed the changes in malaria epidemiology in a village community in Senegal, west Africa, over 22 years. METHODS Between 1990 and 2012, we did a prospective longitudinal study of the inhabitants of Dielmo, Senegal, to identify all episodes of fever and investigate the relation between malaria host, vector, and parasite. Our study included daily medical surveillance with systematic parasite detection in individuals with fever. We measured parasite prevalence four times a year with cross-sectional surveys. We monitored malaria transmission monthly with night collection of mosquitoes. Malaria treatment changed over the years, from quinine (1990-94), to chloroquine (1995-2003), amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (2003-06), and finally artesunate plus amodiaquine (2006-12). Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) were introduced in 2008. FINDINGS We monitored 776 villagers aged 0-101 years for 2 378 150 person-days of follow-up. Entomological inoculation rate ranged from 142·5 infected bites per person per year in 1990 to 482·6 in 2000, and 7·6 in 2012. Parasite prevalence in children declined from 87% in 1990 to 0·3 % in 2012. In adults, it declined from 58% to 0·3%. We recorded 23 546 fever episodes during the study, including 8243 clinical attacks caused by Plasmodium falciparum, 290 by Plasmodium malariae, and 219 by Plasmodium ovale. Three deaths were directly attributable to malaria, and two to severe adverse events of antimalarial drugs. The incidence of malaria attacks ranged from 1·50 attacks per person-year in 1990 to 2·63 in 2000, and to only 0·046 in 2012. The greatest changes were associated with the replacement of chloroquine and the introduction of ITNs. INTERPRETATION Malaria control policies combining prompt treatment of clinical attacks and deployment of ITNs can nearly eliminate parasite carriage and greatly reduce the burden of malaria in populations exposed to intense perennial malaria transmission. The choice of drugs seems crucial. Rapid decline of clinical immunity allows rapid detection and treatment of novel infections and thus has a key role in sustaining effectiveness of combining artemisinin-based combination therapy and ITNs despite increasing pyrethroid resistance. FUNDING Pasteur Institutes of Dakar and Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, and French Ministry of Cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Trape
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Adama Tall
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ousmane Ndiath
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Catherine Mazenot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Vincent Richard
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Badiane
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Fambaye Dieye-Ba
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Joseph Faye
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Gora Ndiaye
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Clémentine Roucher
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Charles Bouganali
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Hubert Bassène
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Paludologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Christian Roussilhon
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Pasteur, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Ronald Perraut
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Immunologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Pasteur, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - André Spiegel
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Druilhe
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Département d'Epidémiologie, Dakar, Sénégal; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Fenollar F, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Raoult D. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptocccus pyogenes DNA are common in febrile patients in Senegal. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Diop F, Richard V, Diouf B, Sokhna C, Diagne N, Trape JF, Faye MM, Tall A, Diop G, Balde AT. Dramatic declines in seropositivity as determined with crude extracts of Plasmodium falciparum schizonts between 2000 and 2010 in Dielmo and Ndiop, Senegal. Malar J 2014; 13:83. [PMID: 24602390 PMCID: PMC3975713 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmes of pre-elimination of malaria have been implemented in Senegal since 2010, and the burden of malaria has decreased substantially. These changes in the epidemiology should be monitored with effective tools that allow changes in patterns of transmission to be estimated. In Dielmo and Ndiop, two villages of Senegal with different malaria endemicity, infections have been followed longitudinally for 20 years, during which time there have been several control interventions leading to substantial decreases of transmission. This study aimed to compare malaria antibody responses of the inhabitants of these two villages, between 2000 and 2010, using schizont crude extracts of a local strain of P. falciparum (Pf Sch07/03). METHODS Sera collected from inhabitants of the two villages (141 from Dielmo and 79 from Ndiop in 2000; 143 from Dielmo and 79 from Ndiop in 2010) were used to assess the prevalence of antibodies against crude schizont extracts of Pf Sch07/03. Three ages groups were defined: [5-9] yrs, [10-14] yrs and [15-19] yrs. Statistical comparisons were performed. Seroprevalence and the magnitude of antibody responses were compared between age groups, villages and periods. RESULTS Overall seroprevalence to P.fSch07/03 decreased between 2000 and 2010 in both villages: from 94.4% to 44.4% in Dielmo and from 74.4% to 34.6% in Ndiop. The difference between Dielmo and Ndiop was highly significant in 2000 (p<0.001) but not in 2010 (p >0.20). The decrease in seroprevalence was larger in younger (more than 40%) than older (less than 19%) inhabitants. Longitudinal monitoring of the younger group showed that seroprevalence decreased between 2000 and 2010 in Dielmo from 98.7 to 79.3, but not in Ndiop from 67.6 to 66.7. The magnitude of antibody responses in seropositive individuals was significantly higher in 2000 than 2010 for both villages. CONCLUSIONS Crude extracts of P. falciparum are appropriate tools for evaluating malaria prevalence at different periods, and in both low and high endemic area. Using crude extracts from local strains to assess transmission may allow efficient evaluation of the consequences of control programs on malaria transmission.
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Roucher C, Rogier C, Sokhna C, Tall A, Trape JF. A 20-year longitudinal study of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae prevalence and morbidity in a West African population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87169. [PMID: 24520325 PMCID: PMC3919715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae have long been reported to be widely distributed in tropical Africa and in other major malaria-endemic areas of the world. However, little is known about the burden caused by these two malaria species. METHODS AND FINDINGS We did a longitudinal study of the inhabitants of Dielmo village, Senegal, between June, 1990, and December, 2010. We monitored the inhabitants for fever during this period and performed quarterly measurements of parasitemia. We analyzed parasitological and clinical data in a random-effect logistic regression model to investigate the relationship between the level of parasitemia and the risk of fever and to establish diagnostic criteria for P. ovale and P. malariae clinical attacks. The prevalence of P. ovale and P. malariae infections in asymptomatic individuals were high during the first years of the project but decreased after 2004 and almost disappeared in 2010 in relation to changes in malaria control policies. The average incidence densities of P. ovale and P. malariae clinical attacks were 0.053 and 0.093 attacks per person per year in children <15 years and 0.024 and 0.009 attacks per person per year in adults ≥ 15 years, respectively. These two malaria species represented together 5.9% of the malaria burden. CONCLUSIONS P. ovale and P. malariae were a common cause of morbidity in Dielmo villagers until the recent dramatic decrease of malaria that followed the introduction of new malaria control policies. P. ovale and P. malariae may constitute an important cause of morbidity in many areas of tropical Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Roucher
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adama Tall
- Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-François Trape
- Laboratoire de Paludologie et Zoologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail:
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Diom ES, Cisse Z, Tall A, Ndiaye M, Pegbessou E, Ndiaye IC, Diallo BK, Diouf R, Diop EM. Management of acquired cholesteatoma in children: a 15 year review in ENT service of CHNU de FANN Dakar. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1998-2003. [PMID: 24148865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, management and the prognosis of cholesteatoma of the middle ear in children. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 15 years (from 01 January 1995 to 31 December 2009) for patients aged 0-15 years admitted in ENT ward of FANN hospital for chronic otitis media complicated with cholesteatoma The parameters studied were epidemiology, clinical presentation, disease progression and management. RESULTS Sixty-six participants were included. We noted a slight male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.44. The average mean age was 10 years. Most patients presented with signs of complications (69.7%) and mastoiditis was the most common complication (63.6%). The otorrhea was noted in almost all patients: n = 64 (97%) and deafness in 49 patients (74, 2%). There was a slight predominance of cholesteatoma on the right side (51.5%). Schuller's view of the mastoid cells was done in 21.2% of patients (n = 14) and showed sclerotic mastoid air cells for all them. Eighty-two percent (82%) of patients presented with conductive hearing loss. A radical mastoidectomy was performed in 66.7% and modified radical mastoidectomy in 33.3% of cases. Mean follow-up was 6 months. Recurrence of cholesteatoma was noted in 13% of cases. CONCLUSIONS ENT ward of Hospital Fann is one of the two centers in Senegal where cholesteatoma of the middle ear are treated. This low number of cholesteatoma in children in a developing country is in relation to the fact that patients only present when complications develop: 70% of cases. The reason for this in our setting include insufficient human and manpower resources necessary for prompt management of the disease and also lack of awareness among the populace. In these settings we advocate canal wall down mastoidectomy (radical or modified radical) as the treatment of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Diom
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, CHNU de FANN de Dakar, Senegal.
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