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Conner RO, Dieye Y, Hainsworth M, Tall A, Cissé B, Faye F, Sy MD, Ba A, Sene D, Ba S, Doucouré E, Thiam T, Diop M, Schneider K, Cissé M, Ba M, Earle D, Guinot P, Steketee RW, Guinovart C. Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact. Malar J 2020; 19:252. [PMID: 32664939 PMCID: PMC7362450 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Population-wide interventions using malaria testing and treatment might decrease the reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum infection and accelerate towards elimination. Questions remain about their effectiveness and evidence from different transmission settings is needed.
Methods
A pilot quasi-experimental study to evaluate a package of population-wide test and treat interventions was conducted in six health facility catchment areas (HFCA) in the districts of Kanel, Linguère, and Ranérou (Senegal). Seven adjacent HFCAs were selected as comparison. Villages within the intervention HFCAs were stratified according to the 2013 incidences of passively detected malaria cases, and those with an incidence ≥ 15 cases/1000/year were targeted for a mass test and treat (MTAT) in September 2014. All households were visited, all consenting individuals were tested with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and, if positive, treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. This was followed by weekly screening, testing and treatment of fever cases (PECADOM++) until the end of the transmission season in January 2015. Villages with lower incidence received only PECADOM++ or case investigation. To evaluate the impact of the interventions over that transmission season, the incidence of passively detected, RDT-confirmed malaria cases was compared between the intervention and comparison groups with a difference-in-difference analysis using negative binomial regression with random effects on HFCA.
Results
During MTAT, 89% (2225/2503) of households were visited and 86% (18,992/22,170) of individuals were tested, for a combined 77% effective coverage. Among those tested, 291 (1.5%) were RDT positive (range 0–10.8 by village), of whom 82% were < 20 years old and 70% were afebrile. During the PECADOM++ 40,002 visits were conducted to find 2784 individuals reporting fever, with an RDT positivity of 6.5% (170/2612). The combination of interventions resulted in an estimated 38% larger decrease in malaria case incidence in the intervention compared to the comparison group (adjusted incidence risk ratio = 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002). The cost of the MTAT was $14.3 per person.
Conclusions
It was operationally feasible to conduct MTAT and PECADOM++ with high coverage, although PECADOM++ was not an efficient strategy to complement MTAT. The modest impact of the intervention package suggests a need for alternative or complementary strategies.
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Conner RO, Dieye Y, Hainsworth M, Tall A, Cissé B, Faye F, Sy MD, Ba A, Sene D, Ba S, Doucouré E, Thiam T, Diop M, Schneider K, Cissé M, Ba M, Scott CA, Kumar R, Asfaw E, Earle D, Guinot P, Steketee RW, Guinovart C. Correction to: Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact. Malar J 2020; 19:443. [PMID: 33256751 PMCID: PMC7706200 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben O Conner
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Yakou Dieye
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Michael Hainsworth
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Adama Tall
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Badara Cissé
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Farba Faye
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Mame Demba Sy
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Ba
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Doudou Sene
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Ba
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Elhadji Doucouré
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Tidiane Thiam
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Diop
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Kammerle Schneider
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Moustapha Cissé
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mady Ba
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Callie A Scott
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Ritu Kumar
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Elias Asfaw
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Duncan Earle
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Philippe Guinot
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Richard W Steketee
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Caterina Guinovart
- PATH Malaria Control and Elimination Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA. .,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Daniels RF, Schaffner SF, Dieye Y, Dieng G, Hainsworth M, Fall FB, Diouf CN, Ndiop M, Cisse M, Gueye AB, Sarr O, Guinot P, Deme AB, Bei AK, Sy M, Thwing J, MacInnis B, Earle D, Guinovart C, Sene D, Hartl DL, Ndiaye D, Steketee RW, Wirth DF, Volkman SK. Genetic evidence for imported malaria and local transmission in Richard Toll, Senegal. Malar J 2020; 19:276. [PMID: 32746830 PMCID: PMC7397603 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria elimination efforts can be undermined by imported malaria infections. Imported infections are classified based on travel history. METHODS A genetic strategy was applied to better understand the contribution of imported infections and to test for local transmission in the very low prevalence region of Richard Toll, Senegal. RESULTS Genetic relatedness analysis, based upon molecular barcode genotyping data derived from diagnostic material, provided evidence for both imported infections and ongoing local transmission in Richard Toll. Evidence for imported malaria included finding that a large proportion of Richard Toll parasites were genetically related to parasites from Thiès, Senegal, a region of moderate transmission with extensive available genotyping data. Evidence for ongoing local transmission included finding parasites of identical genotype that persisted across multiple transmission seasons as well as enrichment of highly related infections within the households of non-travellers compared to travellers. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that, while a large number of infections may have been imported, there remains ongoing local malaria transmission in Richard Toll. These proof-of-concept findings underscore the value of genetic data to identify parasite relatedness and patterns of transmission to inform optimal intervention selection and placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F. Daniels
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Fatou B. Fall
- Senegal National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Medoune Ndiop
- Senegal National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Oumar Sarr
- Senegal National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Awa B. Deme
- Dantec Teaching and Research Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amy K. Bei
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mouhamad Sy
- Dantec Teaching and Research Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julie Thwing
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | | | - Doudou Sene
- Senegal National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Daniel L. Hartl
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- grid.8191.10000 0001 2186 9619Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Dyann F. Wirth
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sarah K. Volkman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.28203.3b0000 0004 0378 6053Simmons University, Boston, MA USA
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Dieye Y, Storey HL, Barrett KL, Gerth-Guyette E, Di Giorgio L, Golden A, Faulx D, Kalnoky M, Ndiaye MKN, Sy N, Mané M, Faye B, Sarr M, Dioukhane EM, Peck RB, Guinot P, de los Santos T. Feasibility of utilizing the SD BIOLINE Onchocerciasis IgG4 rapid test in onchocerciasis surveillance in Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005884. [PMID: 28972982 PMCID: PMC5640270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As effective onchocerciasis control efforts in Africa transition to elimination efforts, different diagnostic tools are required to support country programs. Senegal, with its long standing, successful control program, is transitioning to using the SD BIOLINE Onchocerciasis IgG4 (Ov16) rapid test over traditional skin snip microscopy. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the Ov16 rapid test into onchocerciasis surveillance activities in Senegal, based on the following attributes of acceptability, usability, and cost. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 villages in southeastern Senegal in May 2016. Individuals 5 years and older were invited to participate in a demographic questionnaire, an Ov16 rapid test, a skin snip biopsy, and an acceptability interview. Rapid test technicians were interviewed and a costing analysis was conducted. Of 1,173 participants, 1,169 (99.7%) agreed to the rapid test while 383 (32.7%) agreed to skin snip microscopy. The sero-positivity rate of the rapid test among those tested was 2.6% with zero positives 10 years and younger. None of the 383 skin snips were positive for Ov microfilaria. Community members appreciated that the rapid test was performed quickly, was not painful, and provided reliable results. The total costs for this surveillance activity was $22,272.83, with a cost per test conducted at $3.14 for rapid test, $7.58 for skin snip microscopy, and $13.43 for shared costs. If no participants had refused skin snip microscopy, the total cost per method with shared costs would have been around $16 per person tested. In this area with low onchocerciasis sero-positivity, there was high acceptability and perceived value of the rapid test by community members and technicians. This study provides evidence of the feasibility of implementing the Ov16 rapid test in Senegal and may be informative to other country programs transitioning to Ov16 serologic tools. As onchocerciasis control programs succeed and transition to elimination efforts, different diagnostic tools are needed. The goal of this study was to determine if integrating the Ov16 rapid test is feasible based on acceptability, usability, and cost. A study was conducted in 13 villages in southeastern Senegal in May 2016. Community members were invited to participate in a demographic questionnaire, a rapid test, a skin snip biopsy, and an acceptability interview. Technicians were also interviewed and a costing analysis was conducted. Out of 1,173 participants, 1,169 (99.7%) agreed to the rapid test while 383 (32.7%) agreed to skin snip microscopy. The rapid test result was reactive in 2.6% of those tested, while none of the skin snips were positive. Community members thought the rapid test was performed quickly, was not painful, and provided reliable results. If no one had refused skin snip microscopy, the total cost would have been around $16 per person tested for either method. In this area with little if any remaining onchocerciasis, there was high acceptability and perceived value of the rapid test. This study suggests that implementing the Ov16 rapid test in Senegal is feasible and these findings may be informative to other country programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakou Dieye
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Helen L Storey
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Dunia Faulx
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ngayo Sy
- Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Malang Mané
- Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, Dakar, Senegal
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Spohrer R, Knowles J, Jallier V, Ndiaye B, Indorf C, Guinot P, Kupka R. Estimation of population iodine intake from iodized salt consumed through bouillon seasoning in Senegal. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1357:43-52. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Spohrer
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN); Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Vincent Jallier
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN); Geneva Switzerland
| | | | | | - Philippe Guinot
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN); Geneva Switzerland
| | - Roland Kupka
- United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF); New York
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Guinot P, Jallier V, Blasi A, Guyondet C, Van Ameringen M. GAIN Premix Facility: an innovative approach for improving access to quality vitamin and mineral premix in fortification initiatives. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 33:S381-9. [PMID: 23444719 DOI: 10.1177/15648265120334s314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin and mineral premix is one of the most significant recurring input costs for large-scale food fortification programs. A number of barriers exist to procuring adequate quality premix, including accessing suppliers, volatile prices for premix, lack of quality assurance and monitoring of delivered products, and lack of funds to purchase premix. OBJECTIVE To develop and test a model to procure premix through a transparent and efficient process in which an adequate level of quality is guaranteed and a financial mechanism is in place to support countries or specific target groups when there are insufficient resources to cover the cost of premix. METHODS Efforts focused on premixes used to fortify flour, such as wheat or maize (iron, zinc, B vitamins, and vitamin A), edible oils (vitamins A and D), and other food vehicles, such as fortified complementary foods, complementary food supplements, and condiments. A premix procurement model was set up with three distinct components: a certification process that establishes industry-wide standards and guidelines for premix, a procurement facility that makes premix more accessible to countries and private industry engaged in fortification, and a credit facility mechanism that helps projects finance premix purchases. RESULTS After three years of operation, 15 premix suppliers and 29 micronutrient manufacturers have been certified, and more than US$23 million worth of premix that met quality standards has been supplied in 34 countries in Africa, Central and Southern Asia, and Eastern Europe, reaching an estimated 242 million consumers. CONCLUSIONS The Premix Facility demonstrated its effectiveness in ensuring access to high-quality premixes, therefore enabling the success of various fortification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guinot
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), P.O. Box 55, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Braquet P, Guinot P, Touvet C, Summerhayes C, Clostre F. Un antagoniste spécifique du PAF-acether : utilisation du BN 52021 dans l’hypersensibilité pulmonaire. Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rebiere H, Guinot P, Civade C, Bonnet PA, Nicolas A. Detection of hazardous weight-loss substances in adulterated slimming formulations using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 29:161-71. [PMID: 22150438 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.638676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence on the market of illegal products for slimming purposes or the treatment of overweight is a public health issue. These products may contain illicit chemicals in order to improve their effectiveness. Some of these weight-loss compounds are responsible for adverse events, including fatal outcomes. A general strategy for the analysis of any suspect formulation begins with a large screening for the general search of a wide range of compounds. A methodology for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 34 compounds in slimming preparations (such as dietary supplements or medicinal products) was used for the control of slimming formulations from the market, including over the Internet. The fast liquid chromatography system (ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography) used a gradient of solvent (phosphate buffer and acetonitrile), a C18 endcapped column and a diode array detector. This system allows dual identification based on retention time and UV spectra. The analytical method is simple, fast and selective since 34 weight-loss compounds can be detected in a 15-min run time. Thus, 32 commercial slimming formulations were analysed using this method, allowing the detection and quantification of hazardous active substances: caffeine, clenbuterol, nicotinamide, phenolphthalein, rimonabant, sibutramine, didesmethylsibutramine, synephrine and yohimbine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rebiere
- The French Agency for Safety of Health Products, AFSSAPS, Laboratories and Control Directorate, 635 rue de Garenne, 34748 Vendargues cedex, France.
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Natowicz R, Incitti R, Horta EG, Charles B, Guinot P, Yan K, Coutant C, Andre F, Pusztai L, Rouzier R. Prediction of the outcome of preoperative chemotherapy in breast cancer using DNA probes that provide information on both complete and incomplete responses. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9:149. [PMID: 18366635 PMCID: PMC2292140 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA microarray technology has emerged as a major tool for exploring cancer biology and solving clinical issues. Predicting a patient's response to chemotherapy is one such issue; successful prediction would make it possible to give patients the most appropriate chemotherapy regimen. Patient response can be classified as either a pathologic complete response (PCR) or residual disease (NoPCR), and these strongly correlate with patient outcome. Microarrays can be used as multigenic predictors of patient response, but probe selection remains problematic. In this study, each probe set was considered as an elementary predictor of the response and was ranked on its ability to predict a high number of PCR and NoPCR cases in a ratio similar to that seen in the learning set. We defined a valuation function that assigned high values to probe sets according to how different the expression of the genes was and to how closely the relative proportions of PCR and NoPCR predictions to the proportions observed in the learning set was. Multigenic predictors were designed by selecting probe sets highly ranked in their predictions and tested using several validation sets. Results Our method defined three types of probe sets: 71% were mono-informative probe sets (59% predicted only NoPCR, and 12% predicted only PCR), 25% were bi-informative, and 4% were non-informative. Using a valuation function to rank the probe sets allowed us to select those that correctly predicted the response of a high number of patient cases in the training set and that predicted a PCR/NoPCR ratio for validation sets that was similar to that of the whole learning set. Based on DLDA and the nearest centroid method, bi-informative probes proved more successful predictors than probes selected using a t test. Conclusion Prediction of the response to breast cancer preoperative chemotherapy was significantly improved by selecting DNA probe sets that were successful in predicting outcomes for the entire learning set, both in terms of accurately predicting a high number of cases and in correctly predicting the ratio of PCR to NoPCR cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Natowicz
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Gynecology, 4 rue de la Chine, F-75020 Paris, France.
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common viral opportunistic infection in patients suffering with acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). HCMV is a systemic infection that may infect several sites in the body, including the retina, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, and central nervous system. Retinitis is the most frequent manifestation of HCMV infection, occurring in 15-40% of all patients. HCMV is progressive and destroys the retina, eventually leading to blindness. Although, there are several drugs available to treat this disease, they are often of limited efficacy and have significant side-effects. Antisense oligonucleotides represent a novel alternative to the currently available drugs. Due to their high affinity and specificity to target the HCMV RNAs, interest in antisense technology to treat HCMV infections has been intense during the past few years. Two antisense drugs are currently in clinical trials, ISIS 2922 (Formivirsen) and GEM 132.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Temsamani
- Hybridon Europe, 28, Avenue de Messine, 75008 Paris, France
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Guinot P, Othman N, Févotte G, McKenna T. On-Line Monitoring of Emulsion Copolymerisations Using Hardware Sensors and Calorimetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/10543414.2000.10744544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dhainaut JF, Tenaillon A, Hemmer M, Damas P, Le Tulzo Y, Radermacher P, Schaller MD, Sollet JP, Wolff M, Holzapfel L, Zeni F, Vedrinne JM, de Vathaire F, Gourlay ML, Guinot P, Mira JP. Confirmatory platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist trial in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. BN 52021 Sepsis Investigator Group. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1963-71. [PMID: 9875905 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199812000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of using natural platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist (PAFra), BN 52021, to treat patients with severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. SETTING Fifty-nine academic medical center intensive care units in Europe. PATIENTS Six hundred nine patients with severe sepsis, suspected to be related to Gram-negative bacterial infection, who received PAFra or placebo. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive either a dose of PAFra (120 mg iv) every 12 hrs over a 4-day period or placebo over a 4-day period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The patients were well matched at study entry for severity of illness and for risk factors known to influence the outcome of sepsis. Among all randomized patients, the 28-day, all-cause mortality rate was 49% (152/308) in the placebo group, and 47% (140/300) in the PAFra group (p=.50). When analyzed on the basis of the previously defined target population, the 28-day, all-cause mortality rate was 50% (115/232) in the placebo group and 44% (94/212) in the PAFra group, yielding a 12% reduction in mortality rate (p=.29). In patients with documented infection involving other organisms, there was no difference between treated and placebo groups. When the outcomes of organ dysfunctions were examined in the overall population and in the documented Gram-negative bacterial infection population, the number of patients who resolved hepatic dysfunction tended to be higher in the treated group than in the placebo group (p=.06). The number of adverse events reported were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A 4-day administration of the studied PAFra (BN 52021) failed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in the mortality rate of patients with severe sepsis suspected to be related to Gram-negative bacterial infection. If PAFra treatment has any therapeutic activity in severe Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, the incremental benefits are small and will be difficult to demonstrate in a patient population as defined by this clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Dhainaut
- Medical Intensive Care Unit of Cochin Port-Royal University Hospital, Paris, France
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13
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Guinot P, Temsamani J. [Antisense oligonucleotides: a new therapeutic approach]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1998; 46:347-54. [PMID: 9769897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents has generated considerable enthusiasm in the research and medical community. Oligonucleotides inhibit gene expression by binding to their target nucleic acid with high specificity and selectivity. The field of antisense technology has progressed enormously. Major progress has been accomplished in the synthesis and manufacturing of modified oligonucleotides. Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of antisense oligonucleotides to modulate gene expression, in such diverse fields as infectious diseases, cancer, and inflammation. More than a dozen of clinical trials using antisense oligonucleotides have been initiated during the last three years or so. The insights gained through these ongoing clinical trials has opened the pathway to the design of more advanced chemistries which have improved safety profile and efficacy.
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Bouix M, Gouzi J, Charleux B, Vairon JP, Guinot P. Synthesis of amphiphilic polyelectrolyte block copolymers using "living" radical polymerization. Application as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19980401)19:4<209::aid-marc209>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bouix M, Gouzi J, Charleux B, Vairon JP, Guinot P. Synthesis of amphiphilic polyelectrolyte block copolymers using “living” radical polymerization. Application as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.1998.030190410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Temsamani J, Guinot P. Antisense oligonucleotides: a new therapeutic approach. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1997; 26:65-71. [PMID: 9357101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of antisense oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents has heralded a new field of genetic pharmacology. Oligonucleotides are relatively easy to design and display increased affinity and selectivity for their nucleic acid targets compared with traditional drugs. However, the development of antisense therapy has not been as simple as was first believed; many critical issues had to be addressed. The first generation of oligonucleotides investigated as drug candidates were phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Several animal experiments have provided evidence that antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit gene expression of disease-associated proteins. These promising studies led to the advancement of these compounds into clinical trials in such diverse fields as infectious diseases, cancer and inflammation. The insights gained through ongoing clinical trials has opened the pathway to the design of second-generation oligonucleotides which have an improved safety profile and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guinot
- University of California, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Davis 95616-8660, USA
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Hilliquin P, Guinot P, Chermat-Izard V, Puechal X, Menkes CJ. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with platelet activating factor antagonist BN 50730. J Rheumatol 1995; 22:1651-4. [PMID: 8523338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and safety of a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 50730, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Ten patients with an active disease were treated for 4 weeks with a PAF receptor antagonist, BN 50730, given orally (40 mg twice daily). The treatment period was followed by a 4 weeks followup period. RESULTS Clinical indicators of disease activity significantly improved during the treatment period, with a progressive return to baseline values during the followup period. No significant change in laboratory variables was observed. The tolerance of the treatment was excellent, and no clinical or laboratory evidence of side effects was recorded. CONCLUSION These results need to be confirmed in a controlled study, but suggest an antiinflammatory effect. PAF antagonists could represent a new class of therapeutic agents in inflammatory arthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hilliquin
- Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Auzerie J, Colle M, Guinot P, Lavergne V. [Treatment of growth hormone deficiencies with growth hormone releasing hormone. Current status and perspectives]. Arch Pediatr 1995; 2:365-72. [PMID: 7780546 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)81160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Results of clinical trials performed with human hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) are conflicting, but rather disappointing for most of them. Pulsatile administration of GRF has been found to increase growth hormone secretion as well as growth velocity, but is not convenient for practical use. All other routes and rhythms of administration lead only to sub-optimal results, and generally does not seem to procure an appropriate GRF bio-availability. Improvements are possible, particularly the development of agonists and new galenic forms with sustained release. Therapeutic approach with hexapeptides, or hexapeptides analogs, looks promising, but could be more complementary than competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Auzerie
- Centre d'exploration endocrinologique, Bordeaux, France
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Brochet B, Guinot P, Orgogozo JM, Confavreux C, Rumbach L, Lavergne V. Double blind placebo controlled multicentre study of ginkgolide B in treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. The Ginkgolide Study Group in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 58:360-2. [PMID: 7897422 PMCID: PMC1073377 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.58.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
After an open labelled pilot study of ginkgolide B, a potent inhibitor of platelet activating factor, in the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, a randomised double blind placebo controlled study was undertaken. One hundred and four patients were enrolled in the study: for seven days 43 received placebo, 29 received 240 mg/day ginkgolide B and 32 received 360 mg/day ginkgolide B. There was no statistical difference between the three groups for changes in Rankin, Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and Hauser ambulation index (AI) scores. Although there was a trend in favour of groups treated with ginkgolide for a change of Rankin and AI scores, it is concluded that ginkgolide B is not an effective treatment of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brochet
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pellegrin, University of Bordeaux, France
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22
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Hilliquin P, Natour J, Aissa J, Guinot P, Laoussadi S, Benveniste J, Menkes CJ, Arnoux B. Treatment of carrageenan induced arthritis by the platelet activating factor antagonist BN 50730. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:140-3. [PMID: 7702404 PMCID: PMC1005539 DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in the early stage of arthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced in rabbits by weekly intra-articular injections of carrageenan. A PAF receptor antagonist, BN 50730, was used as a preventive or curative agent. RESULTS BN 50730 was able partially to prevent the development of arthritis, and was also active on established arthritis. The joint arthritis scores of BN treated animals were significantly lower than those of the non-treated animals. The blood concentrations of PAF, PAF bound to lipoproteins (lipo-PAF), and its precursor, lyso-PAF, were not correlated with clinical variations. CONCLUSIONS The present data demonstrate a therapeutic action of a PAF antagonist in experimental arthritis and suggest a critical role for PAF during the early stage of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hilliquin
- Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Lagente V, Boichot E, Carre C, Guinot P, Mencia-Huerta JM, Braquet P. Effects of the platelet activating factor antagonists BN 52021 and BN 50730 on antigen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil infiltration in lung from sensitized guinea-pigs. Clin Exp Allergy 1993; 23:1002-10. [PMID: 10779293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of platelet activating factor (PAF) in antigen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness was investigated by the use of the PAF antagonists BN 52021 and BN 50730, in a guinea-pig model where sensitization and challenge were performed by aerosol. Male Hartley guinea-pigs were sensitized by two aerosol exposures at 48 hr intervals to a 0.9% NaCl solution (saline) containing 2 mg/ml ovalbumin for 30 min. Fifteen to 20 days later, guinea-pigs were challenged by exposure to five successive aerosols of increasing concentrations of ovalbumin (OA) or respectively, 10 microg/ml, 100 microg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml for 15 min each, or saline alone. Three to four hr and 18-24 hr after the aerosol challenge the guinea-pigs were prepared for recording of bronchopulmonary response and aerosol administrations were then generated with an ultrasonic nebulizer. The bronchopulmonary responses induced by successive 1-min aerosol bursts of acetylcholine (ACh) was assessed. As compared with saline-challenged guinea-pigs, an enhanced bronchopulmonary response to aerosol administration of cumulative doses of ACh was observed, 3-4 hr and 18-24 hr post-ovalbumin challenge. When the sensitized guinea-pigs were pretreated 1 hr before ovalbumin exposure with BN 52021 or BN 50730 (25 mg/kg, per os), a significant inhibition of the increase in the bronchopulmonary response to ACh was observed, both at 3-4 hr and 18-24 hr. Furthermore, when guinea-pigs were treated 3-4 hr after the ovalbumin exposure with BN 52021 or BN 50730, a significant inhibition of the hyperresponsiveness to ACh was recorded at 18-24 hr. A marked accumulation of eosinophils in the peribronchial regions was observed on histological preparations of lung specimens collected 4 hr or 24 hr after ovalbumin exposure. Pretreatment of the guinea-pigs by BN 50730 or BN 52021 did not modify the eosinophil accumulation in the peribronchial area. No significant difference in the number of eosinophils collected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is observed, 24 hr post-ovalbumin challenge, under the pretreatment with BN 52021 or BN 50730. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs by BN 50730 or BN 52021 significantly reduced the PAF-induced (100 microg/ml) increase in eosinophil number in the peribronchial area. By contrast, they did not inhibit the eosinophilia induced by aerosol administration of LTB4 (5 microg/ml). These results suggest that the bronchial hyperresponsiveness observed in this study is associated with eosinophil accumulation in the lung. The potent inhibition of the bronchial hyperresponsiveness by the two unrelated antagonists of PAF suggests that the lipid mediator is involved in its triggering and duration, but not in the eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lagente
- Institut Henri Beaufour, Les Ulis, France
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koltai
- Institut Henri Beaufour, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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25
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Koltai M, Hosford D, Guinot P, Esanu A, Braquet P. Platelet activating factor (PAF). A review of its effects, antagonists and possible future clinical implications (Part I). Drugs 1991; 42:9-29. [PMID: 1718687 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199142010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review is an attempt to summarise recent data on platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF antagonists from 1988 to the present. This period saw a burst in research activity focused predominantly on the effect of PAF in various organs. The effect of PAF and its antagonists was further intensively studied in vitro on isolated platelets, leucocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. From these and earlier data, based on the catastrophe theory of Thom and Zeeman, a new concept on the interaction between PAF and various cytokines could be recognised as an important mechanism of action of the phospholipid mediator, suggesting the existence of an autocatalytic feedback network through which PAF can influence cellular function under certain pathophysiological conditions. This mechanism can be regarded as the culmination of our recent knowledge on the role of PAF, and may influence the possible clinical implications of PAF antagonists in the near future. It is recognised that PAF is released in shock and ischaemic states, and that PAF antagonists can protect the heart and brain against ischaemic injury. Therefore, in contrast to the previous period, which was predominantly devoted to the elucidation of the role of PAF in immediate hypersensitivity reactions, studies performed on cerebral, myocardial and intestinal ischaemia as well as in various shock conditions have concentrated on entirely new aspects of the effect of PAF antagonists, emphasising the significance of the inflammatory process and cell-to-cell interactions in these pathophysiological states. This has led to a re-evaluation of the experimental data previously accumulated. At the same time, these new trends in PAF and PAF antagonist research have explored further possibilities for the application of PAF antagonists in clinical practice. Attention has been focused on the physiological role of PAF as a signal molecule, especially between the neuroendocrine system and related sensory organs. The recognition of the significance of PAF in mammalian reproduction is fascinating and may lead to new clinical applications of PAF antagonists. It appears probable that, like eicosanoids, PAF is involved in a great variety of membrane-dependent processes that play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis. PAF research has provided several potent natural and synthetic antagonists which may facilitate the clinical application of these drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koltai
- Institut Henri Beaufour, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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Markey AC, Barker JN, Archer CB, Guinot P, Lee TH, MacDonald DM. Platelet activating factor-induced clinical and histopathologic responses in atopic skin and their modification by the platelet activating factor antagonist BN52063. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 23:263-8. [PMID: 2212123 DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and histopathologic responses to intradermal platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) in atopic subjects, without evidence of atopic dermatitis are documented. An immediate acute wheal and flare reaction was observed in all volunteers. Histopathologically, the reaction was characterized by a predominantly neutrophilic response, which was seen at 30 minutes and was maximal at 4 hours. Eosinophils were observed in the infiltrate as early as 30 minutes after injection, and were maximal by 12 hours. The specific PAF-acether antagonist BN52063 antagonized the acute flare response to intradermal PAF-acether but had little effect on cellular recruitment at the site of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Markey
- Department of Dermatology, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K
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Guinot P, Jewitt-Harris J, Tarrade T. Determination of the optimal dose of the antihypertensive drug cicletanine hydrochloride in man. Arzneimittelforschung 1989; 39:86-9. [PMID: 2655611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimal antihypertensive dose of cicletanine (BN 1270) was investigated in 3 short-term and 3 long-term therapeutic trials using doses of 12.5 to 200 mg. There was a dose-response effect such that in double-blind studies of 1 month's duration, 50 mg/d was the minimum effective dose in mild to moderate hypertensive patients, while a higher dose, 200 mg/d, was more effective in patients with severe hypertension. Despite a quicker reduction in blood pressure by 100 mg cicletanine compared with 50 mg, a similar antihypertensive effect resulted after 3 months' treatment. In patients with mild to moderate hypertension the average decrease in blood pressure over this period was 43.7/38.0 mmHg. A daily dose of 50 mg, which may be increased, particularly at the beginning of treatment, is therefore the optimal recommended dose for these patients. Furthermore, the similar efficacy of the 50 mg and 100 mg doses was confirmed in the long-term trial in the elderly. In all studies, at all doses, cicletanine had a gradual antihypertensive effect, avoiding the risks associated with a sudden fall in blood pressure. The different rates of effect of the 50 mg and 100 mg doses are thought to be due to different mechanisms of action: since 50 mg has no natriuretic effect and 100 mg has a slight natriuretic effect, which is even more pronounced at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guinot
- Ipsen International Ltd., London, U.K
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Guinot P, Caffrey E, Lambe R, Darragh A. Tanakan inhibits platelet-activating-factor-induced platelet aggregation in healthy male volunteers. Haemostasis 1989; 19:219-23. [PMID: 2807039 DOI: 10.1159/000215920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An open study to investigate the PAF-acether antagonist activity of Tanakan in healthy male volunteers examined the effect of a single 15-ml oral dose on ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen or PAF-acether. Aggregometry was performed on platelet-rich plasma samples from blood taken 1 h before dosing with Tanakan and 2, 4 and 8 h after intake of Tanakan. Following dosing with Tanakan there was a reduction in platelet aggregation at all doses of PAF, with 1 microM ADP and adrenaline, the most significant decreases occurred with 75 nM PAF-acether 4 h after intake (p less than 0.05) and 300 nM PAF-acether 4 h (p less than 0.01) and 8 after intake (p less than 0.05). There were no concomitant changes in coagulation, skin bleeding time, haematological and biochemical laboratory tests, blood pressure or pulse. The results provide a possible explanation for the clinical efficacy of Tanakan in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease; they also confirm that a single oral dose of 15 ml Tanakan is well tolerated.
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Guinot P, Brambilla C, Duchier J, Braquet P, Bonvoisin B, Cournot A. Effect of BN 52063, a specific PAF-acether antagonist, on bronchial provocation test to allergens in asthmatic patients. A preliminary study. Prostaglandins 1987; 34:723-31. [PMID: 3432562 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(87)90295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Platelet Activating Factor, PAF-acether, elicits acute and more prolonged inflammatory responses in both experimental animals and man, and is recognised as a possible mediator of asthma. The effect of a specific PAF-acether antagonist, BN 52063, on the early asthmatic response to inhaled allergen was assessed in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study in eight atopic asthmatics, who received three days treatment with BN 52063 or placebo, separated by a one week washout. On the third day of treatment, subjects were challenged with nebulised house dust mite or pollen allergen. BN 52063 significantly antagonised early bronchoconstriction and showed a tendency to inhibit residual bronchial hyperreactivity, assessed six hours after allergen challenge by a provocation test to acetylcholine. No side effects were reported during active treatment. This is the first study in man demonstrating the efficacy of a specific PAF-acether antagonist on the immediate response to inhaled allergen challenge in asthmatics. The findings support the possible role of specific PAF-acether antagonists in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guinot
- Ipsen International Ltd, London, England
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Chung KF, Dent G, McCusker M, Guinot P, Page CP, Barnes PJ. Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonising skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Lancet 1987; 1:248-51. [PMID: 2880069 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antagonism of the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) by the ginkgolide mixture BN 52063 was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 6 normal subjects. Weal and flare responses to 400 ng PAF, examined 2 h after ingestion of BN 52063 (80 mg, 120 mg) were inhibited in a dose-related manner. After 120 mg the flare area was reduced by a mean 62.4% (p less than 0.005) and the weal volume by a mean 60% (p less than 0.05). Both doses of BN 52063 significantly inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (p less than 0.001). In vitro, BN 52063 inhibited PAF-induced but not ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Thus BN 52063 seems to be an antagonist of PAF in man.
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Braquet P, Guinot P, Touvay C. The role of PAF-acether in anaphylaxis demonstrated with the use of the antagonist BN 52021. Agents Actions Suppl 1987; 21:97-117. [PMID: 3314418 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7451-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Braquet
- I.H.B. Research Labs, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guinot
- I.H.B. Research Labs, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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Guinot P, Braquet P, Duchier J, Cournot A. Inhibition of PAF-acether induced weal and flare reaction in man by a specific PAF antagonist. Prostaglandins 1986; 32:160-3. [PMID: 3763944 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(86)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that PAF-acether may be an important mediator in asthma and a PAF antagonist may therefore have a potentially important role. PAF-acether has been shown to induce a dual inflammatory response in the skin of man and we investigated the effect of BN 52063, a PAF antagonist, on this response. At a dose of 80 mg, BN 52063 orally inhibited the inflammatory response to a sub-cutaneous injection of PAF-acether 400 ng. A late cutaneous response was not observed in any of the subjects. BN 52063 was also demonstrated to be well tolerated at doses of 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg with no significant side effects.
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Duchier J, Guinot P. [Development of an antihypertensive agent. Methodology and cost]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1979; 72:1151-4. [PMID: 120723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This schematic analysis demonstrates the great increase in the cost and time required to develop a new molecule, factors which therefore limit the development of new therapeutic methods. The patent period is shorter so that the period of commercialisation of a product by a single drug company is more and more limited. Therefore the situation may occur where the costs of development will no longer be covered. (In addition, the costs of research not leading to a marketable product have not been taken into account).
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Saizy R, Guinot P, Lioret N, Aubert P, Apoil A. [Enteral feeding at low continuous flow in the treatment of severe burns]. Anesth Analg (Paris) 1977; 34:1201-11. [PMID: 418709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Apoil A, Serruques D, Lioret N, Guinot P, Aubert H, Saizy R. [Hypophosphoremia in the initial phase of burns]. Anesth Analg (Paris) 1977; 34:1315-21. [PMID: 613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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