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Vergara-Luis I, Jin M, Baez-Millán JC, González-Gaya B, Ijurco I, Lacuesta M, Olivares M, Prieto A. Multitarget and suspect-screening of antimicrobials in vegetables samples: Uptake experiments and identification of transformation products. Food Chem 2024; 444:138643. [PMID: 38340504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This work provided an accurate analytical method to perform a multitarget analysis of a variety of antimicrobials (AMs) including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones and quinolones, one imidazole and one nitroimidazole, one triazole, one diaminopyridine and one derivative of Penicillium stoloniferum in vegetables. The analysis is performed using liquid-chromatography coupled to a low-resolution triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) to detect the target analytesor coupled to a high-resolution q-Orbitrap (HRMS) to monitor the formed transformation products (TPs). Both instruments were compared in terms of limits of quantification and matrix effect at the detection. The method was applied to determine the presence of AMs in organic and non-organic vegetables, where sulfadiazine and mycophenolic acid were detected. On the other hand, the transference of four AMs (trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, and chlortetracycline) from soils to lettuces was evaluated through controlled uptake experiments. The choice of AMs was based on the classification into different families, and on the fact that those AM families are the most frequently detected in the environment. In this case, each of the AMs with which the soils were contaminated were found in the exposed lettuces. Moreover, in both studies, specific TPs of the AMs were identified, posing the necessity of assessing their effects in relation to food and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vergara-Luis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - M Jin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J C Baez-Millán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Ijurco
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Musatadi M, Alvarez-Mora I, Baciero-Hernandez I, Prieto A, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. Sample preparation for suspect screening of persistent, mobile and toxic substances and their phase II metabolites in human urine by mixed-mode liquid chromatography. Talanta 2024; 271:125698. [PMID: 38262128 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile and toxic substances have drawn attention nowadays due to their particular properties, but they are overlooked in human monitorization works, limiting the knowledge of the human exposome. In that sense, human urine is an interesting matrix since not only parent compounds are eliminated, but also their phase II metabolites that could act as biomarkers. In this work, 11 sample preparation procedures involving preconcentration were tested to ensure maximum analytical coverage in human urine using mixed-mode liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized procedure consisted of a combination of solid-phase extraction and salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction and it was employed for suspect screening. Additionally, a non-discriminatory dilute-and-shoot approach was also evaluated. After evaluating the workflow in terms of limits of identification and type II errors (i.e., false negatives), a pooled urine sample was analysed. From a list of 1450 suspects and in-silico simulated 1568 phase II metabolites (i.e. sulphates, glucuronides, and glycines), 44 and 14 substances were annotated, respectively. Most of the screened suspects were diverse industrial chemicals, but biocides, natural products and pharmaceuticals were also detected. Lastly, the complementarity of the sample preparation procedures, columns, and analysis conditions was assessed. As a result, dilute-and-shoot and the Acclaim Trinity P1 column at pH = 3 (positive ionization) and pH = 7 (negative ionization) allowed the maximum coverage since almost 70 % of the total suspects could be screened using those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ines Baciero-Hernandez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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3
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Vergara-Luis I, Rutkoski CF, Urionabarrenetxea E, Almeida EA, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Soto M, Prieto A. Antimicrobials in Eisenia fetida earthworms: A comprehensive study from method development to the assessment of uptake and degradation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171214. [PMID: 38408672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, an accurate analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of twenty-seven antimicrobials (AMs) in earthworms using liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detector (UHPLC-MS/MS). Adequate apparent recoveries (80-120 %) and limits of quantification (LOQ) (1 μg·kg-1 - 10 μg·kg-1) were obtained, with the exception of norfloxacin (34 μg·kg-1). The method was applied to evaluate the accumulation of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and tetracycline (TC) in earthworms after performing OECD-207 toxicity test, in which Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) organisms were exposed to soils spiked with 10 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1 or 1000 mg·kg-1 of SMZ and TC, individually. The results confirmed the bioaccumulation of both AMs in the organisms, showing a greater tendency to accumulate SMZ since higher bioconcentration factor values were obtained for this compound at the exposure concentrations tested. In addition, the degradation of both AMs in both matrices, soils and earthworms was studied using liquid chromatography coupled to a q-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry detector. Thirteen transformation products (TPs) were successfully identified, eight of them being identified for the first time in soil/earthworm (such as 4-Amino-3-chloro-n-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide or 4-(dimethylamino)-1,11,12a-trihydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-3,7,10,12-tetraoxo-3,4,4a,5,5a,6,7,10,12,12a-decahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, among others) and their formation/degradation trend over time was also studied. Regarding the biological effects, only SMZ caused changes in earthworm growth, evidenced by weight loss in earthworms exposed to concentrations of 100 mg·kg-1 and 1000 mg·kg-1. Riboflavin decreased at all concentrations of SMZ, as well as at the highest concentration of TC. This indicates that these antibiotics can potentially alter the immune system of E. fetida. This research represents a significant advance in improving our knowledge about the contamination of soil by AM over time. It investigates the various ways in which earthworms are exposed to AMs, either by skin contact or ingestion. Furthermore, it explores how these substances accumulate in earthworms, the processes by which earthworms break them down or metabolise them, as well as the resulting TPs. Finally, it examines the potential effects of these substances on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vergara-Luis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - C F Rutkoski
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | - E Urionabarrenetxea
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E A Almeida
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Department of Natural Science, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - E Anakabe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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4
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Musatadi M, Baciero-Hernández I, Prieto A, Olivares M, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. Development and evaluation of a comprehensive workflow for suspect screening of exposome-related xenobiotics and phase II metabolites in diverse human biofluids. Chemosphere 2024; 351:141221. [PMID: 38224745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) methods are being promoted in order to decode the human exposome since a wide chemical space can be analysed in a diversity of human biofluids. However, SNTS approaches in the exposomics field are infra-studied in comparison to environmental or food monitoring studies. In this work, a comprehensive suspect screening workflow was developed to annotate exposome-related xenobiotics and phase II metabolites in diverse human biofluids. Precisely, human urine, breast milk, saliva and ovarian follicular fluid were employed as samples and analysed by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). To automate the workflow, the "peak rating" parameter implemented in Compound Discoverer 3.3.2 was optimized to avoid time-consuming manual revision of chromatographic peaks. In addition, the presence of endogenous molecules that might interfere with the annotation of xenobiotics was carefully studied as the employment of inclusion and exclusion suspect lists. To evaluate the workflow, limits of identification (LOIs) and type I and II errors (i.e., false positives and negatives, respectively) were calculated in both standard solutions and spiked biofluids using 161 xenobiotics and 22 metabolites. For 80.3 % of the suspects, LOIs below 15 ng/mL were achieved. In terms of type I errors, only two cases were identified in standards and spiked samples. Regarding type II errors, the 7.7 % errors accounted in standards increased to 17.4 % in real samples. Lastly, the use of an inclusion list for endogens was favoured since it avoided 18.7 % of potential type I errors, while the exclusion list caused 7.2 % of type II errors despite making the annotation workflow less time-consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Inés Baciero-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Lopez-Herguedas N, Irazola M, Alvarez-Mora I, Mijangos L, Bilbao D, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Prieto A. Evaluating membrane bioreactor treatment for the elimination of emerging contaminants using different analytical methods. J Hazard Mater 2024; 463:132833. [PMID: 37918067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Since wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were not originally designed to eliminate contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), alternative strategies like membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology are gaining importance in achieving effective CEC removal and minimising their environmental impact. In this study, composite wastewater samples were collected from the biggest WWTP in the Basque Country (Galindo, Biscay) and the performance of two secondary treatments (i.e. conventional activated sludge treatment, CAS, and MBR) was assessed. The combination of a suspect screening approach using liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and multitarget analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) allowed the detection of approximately 200 compounds in the WWTP effluents. The estimated removal efficiencies (REs) revealed that only 16 micropollutants exhibited enhanced removal by MBR treatment (RE > 70% or 40 - 60%). The environmental risk posed by the non-eliminated compounds after both treatments remained similar, being anthracene, clarithromycin, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dilantin the most concerning pollutants (RQ > 1). The Microtox® bioassay confirmed the MBR's efficiency in removing baseline toxicity, while suggesting a similar performance of CAS treatment. These minimal differences between treatments call into question the worthiness of MBR treatment and emphasise the need to seek more efficient alternative treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - M Irazola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - L Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - D Bilbao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Mijangos L, Bilbao D, Lopez-Herguedas N, Ortueta N, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Prieto A. Development of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 50 semi-volatile organic contaminants in wastewaters. MethodsX 2023; 11:102252. [PMID: 37342804 PMCID: PMC10277571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the development of a robust analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of 50 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in wastewater effluent samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In this work, we studied extensively whether the validated SPE method used for the analysis of polar compounds in wastewaters could be extended to the analysis of non-polar compounds in the same analytical run. To that aim, the effect of different organic solvents in the SPE process (i.e., sample conditioning prior to SPE, elution solvent and evaporation steps) was evaluated. In this sense, the addition of methanol to wastewater samples before the extraction, the use of hexane:toluene (4:1, v/v) mixture for the quantitative elution of target compounds, and the addition of isooctane during the evaporation were required to minimize analyte losses during SPE and enhance extraction yields. Overall, the developed methodology showed a good performance for the determination of 50 SVOCs, and was further applied to the analysis of real wastewater effluent samples.•A validated SPE method for polar compounds was extended to the analysis of non-polar compounds.•Elution with hex:tol (4:1, v/v) and the addition of isooctane during the evaporation yield good recoveries.•The developed methodology was suitable for the determination of 50 SVOCs in aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Naroa Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Natalia Ortueta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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7
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Dürig W, Lindblad S, Golovko O, Gkotsis G, Aalizadeh R, Nika MC, Thomaidis N, Alygizakis NA, Plassmann M, Haglund P, Fu Q, Hollender J, Chaker J, David A, Kunkel U, Macherius A, Belova L, Poma G, Preud'Homme H, Munschy C, Aminot Y, Jaeger C, Lisec J, Hansen M, Vorkamp K, Zhu L, Cappelli F, Roscioli C, Valsecchi S, Bagnati R, González B, Prieto A, Zuloaga O, Gil-Solsona R, Gago-Ferrero P, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Budzinski H, Devier MH, Dierkes G, Boulard L, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Rüdel H, Ahrens L. What is in the fish? Collaborative trial in suspect and non-target screening of organic micropollutants using LC- and GC-HRMS. Environ Int 2023; 181:108288. [PMID: 37918065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A collaborative trial involving 16 participants from nine European countries was conducted within the NORMAN network in efforts to harmonise suspect and non-target screening of environmental contaminants in whole fish samples of bream (Abramis brama). Participants were provided with freeze-dried, homogenised fish samples from a contaminated and a reference site, extracts (spiked and non-spiked) and reference sample preparation protocols for liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Participants extracted fish samples using their in-house sample preparation method and/or the protocol provided. Participants correctly identified 9-69 % of spiked compounds using LC-HRMS and 20-60 % of spiked compounds using GC-HRMS. From the contaminated site, suspect screening with participants' own suspect lists led to putative identification of on average ∼145 and ∼20 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively, while non-target screening identified on average ∼42 and ∼56 unique features per participant using LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS, respectively. Within the same sub-group of sample preparation method, only a few features were identified by at least two participants in suspect screening (16 features using LC-HRMS, 0 features using GC-HRMS) and non-target screening (0 features using LC-HRMS, 2 features using GC-HRMS). The compounds identified had log octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) values from -9.9 to 16 and mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) of 68 to 761 (LC-HRMS and GC-HRMS). A significant linear trend was found between log KOW and m/z for the GC-HRMS data. Overall, these findings indicate that differences in screening results are mainly due to the data analysis workflows used by different participants. Further work is needed to harmonise the results obtained when applying suspect and non-target screening approaches to environmental biota samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Georgios Gkotsis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovakia.
| | - Merle Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jade Chaker
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France.
| | - Arthur David
- Université de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S, 1085 Rennes, France.
| | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - André Macherius
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Yann Aminot
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Écosystèmes Marins, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Claudio Roscioli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio MB, Italy.
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Belén González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Ruben Gil-Solsona
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Marie-Helene Devier
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Georg Dierkes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Lise Boulard
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany; Metabolomics Core Facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Vergara-Luis I, Bocayá N, Irazola-Duñabeitia M, Zuloaga O, Lacuesta M, Olivares M, Prieto A. Multitarget and suspect screening of antimicrobials in soil and manure by means of QuEChERS - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6291-6310. [PMID: 37610438 PMCID: PMC10558387 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to develop an accurate analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of twenty-four antimicrobials in soil:compost and animal manure samples by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QqQ). For this purpose, the effectiveness of two extraction techniques (i.e. focused ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)) was evaluated, and the clean-up step using solid-phase extraction (SPE) was also thoroughly studied. The method was successfully validated at 10 μg·kg-1, 25 μg·kg-1, and 50 μg·kg-1 showing adequate trueness (70-130%) and repeatability (RSD < 30%), with few exceptions. Procedural limits of quantification (LOQPRO) were determined for soil:compost (0.45 to 7.50 μg·kg-1) and manure (0.31 to 5.53 μg·kg-1) samples. Pefloxacin could not be validated at the lowest level since LOQPRO ≥ 10 μg·kg-1. Sulfamethazine (7.9 ± 0.8 µg·kg-1), danofloxacin (27.1 ± 1.4 µg·kg-1) and trimethoprim (4.9 ± 0.5 µg·kg-1) were detected in soil samples; and tetracycline (56.8 ± 2.8 µg·kg-1), among other antimicrobials, in the plants grown on the surface of the studied soil samples. Similarly, sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected in sheep manure in a range of 1.7 ± 0.3 to 93.3 ± 6.8 µg·kg-1. Soil and manure samples were also analysed through UHPLC coupled to a high-resolution mass-spectrometer (UHPLC-qOrbitrap) in order to extend the multitarget method to suspect screening of more than 22,281 suspects. A specific transformation product (TP) of sulfamethazine (formyl-sulfamethazine) was annotated at 2a level in manure samples, among others. This work contributes to the efforts that have been made in the last decade to develop analytical methods that allow multitarget analysis of a wide variety of antimicrobials, including TPs, which is a complex task due to the diverse physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vergara-Luis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - N Bocayá
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Irazola-Duñabeitia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48490, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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9
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Musatadi M, Andrés-Maguregi A, De Angelis F, Prieto A, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O. The role of sample preparation in suspect and non-target screening for exposome analysis using human urine. Chemosphere 2023; 339:139690. [PMID: 37541438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) for the characterization of the chemical exposome employing human biofluids is gaining attention. Among the biofluids, urine is one of the preferred matrices since organic xenobiotics are excreted through it after metabolization. However, achieving a consensus between selectivity (i.e. preserving as many compounds as possible) and sensitivity (i.e. minimizing matrix effects by removing interferences) at the sample preparation step is challenging. Within this context, several sample preparation approaches, including solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), salt-assisted LLE (SALLE) and dilute-and-shoot (DS) were tested to screen not only exogenous compounds in human urine but also their phase II metabolites using liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis of phase II metabolites was evaluated. Under optimal conditions, SPE resulted in the best sample preparation approach in terms of the number of detected xenobiotics and metabolites since 97.1% of the total annotated suspects were present in samples extracted by SPE. In LLE and SALLE, pure ethyl acetate turned out to be the best extractant but fewer suspects than with SPE (80.7%) were screened. Lastly, only 52.5% of the suspects were annotated in the DS approach, showing that it could only be used to detect compounds at high concentration levels. Using pure standards, the presence of diverse xenobiotics such as parabens, industrial chemicals (benzophenone-3, caprolactam and mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate) and chemicals related to daily habits (caffeine, cotinine or triclosan) was confirmed. Regarding enzymatic hydrolysis, only 10 parent compounds of the 44 glucuronides were successfully annotated in the hydrolysed samples. Therefore, the screening of metabolites in non-hydrolysed samples through SNTS is the most suitable approach for exposome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Asier Andrés-Maguregi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Francesca De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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10
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Remesar S, Matute R, Díaz P, Martínez-Calabuig N, Prieto A, Díaz-Cao JM, López-Lorenzo G, Fernández G, López C, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, García-Dios D. Tick-borne pathogens in ticks from urban and suburban areas of north-western Spain: Importance of Ixodes frontalis harbouring zoonotic pathogens. Med Vet Entomol 2023; 37:499-510. [PMID: 36896712 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To identify the questing tick populations in urban and suburban areas from the city of Lugo (NW Spain), ticks were collected monthly by flagging. The presence of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum also was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Overall, 342 questing ticks were collected; the tick abundance was higher in suburban (95.9%) than in urban areas (4.1%). Ixodes frontalis was the most abundant (86.5%); 88.5% were larvae, 11.1% nymphs and 0.3% adults. All development stages of I. ricinus (7.3%) and adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (5.8%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.3%) were found. Rickettsia spp. (31.9%) was more prevalent than Borrelia spp. (2.7%); no ticks were positive to A. phagocytophilum. Six Rickettsia species were identified (R. slovaca, R. monacensis, R. massiliae, R. raoultii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and R. aeschielmanii); Candidatus Rickettsia rioja and two novel Rickettsia species also were detected. In addition, Borrelia turdi (1.8%) and B. valaisiana (0.9%) were identified in Ixodes ticks. This is the first report of R. slovaca in R. sanguineus s.l. and of R. monacensis, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and Ca. R. rioja in I. frontalis. Since most of the pathogens detected are zoonotic, their presence in these areas may have implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Remesar
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - R Matute
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Díaz
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - N Martínez-Calabuig
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - J M Díaz-Cao
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - G López-Lorenzo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - G Fernández
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - C López
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - R Panadero
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Díez-Baños
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - D García-Dios
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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11
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Musatadi M, Zumalabe J, Mijangos L, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Dilute-and-shoot coupled to mixed mode liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of persistent and mobile organic compounds in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464141. [PMID: 37364523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive method for the simultaneous determination of 33 diverse persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) in human urine was developed by dilute-and-shoot (DS) followed by mixed-mode liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MMLC-MS/MS). In the sample preparation step, DS was chosen since it allowed the quantification of all targets in comparison to lyophilization. For the chromatographic separation, Acclaim Trinity P1 and P2 trimodal columns provided greater capacity for retaining PMOCs than reverse phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Therefore, DS was validated at 5 and 50 ng/mL in urine with both mixed mode columns at pH = 3 and 7. Regarding figures of merit, linear calibration curves (r2 > 0.999) built between instrumental quantification limits (mostly below 5 ng/mL) and 500 ng/mL were achieved. Despite only 60% of the targets were recovered at 5 ng/mL because of the dilution, all PMOCs were quantified at 50 ng/mL. Using surrogate correction, apparent recoveries in the 70-130% range were obtained for 91% of the targets. To analyse human urine samples, the Acclaim Trinity P1 column at pH = 3 and 7 was selected as a consensus between analytical coverage (i.e. 94% of the targets) and chromatographic runs. In a pooled urine sample, industrial chemicals (acrylamide and bisphenol S), biocides and their metabolites (2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, dimethyl phosphate, 6-chloropyridine-3-carboxylic acid, and ammonium glufosinate) and an artificial sweetener (aspartame) were determined at ng/mL levels. The outcomes of this work showed that humans are also exposed to PMOCs due to their persistence and mobility, and therefore, further human risk assessment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain.
| | - Jon Zumalabe
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
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12
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Lopez-Herguedas N, Irazola M, Alvarez-Mora I, Orive G, Lertxundi U, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Prieto A. Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy. Sci Total Environ 2023; 873:162281. [PMID: 36822422 PMCID: PMC9943555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants monitoring in wastewater can serve as a picture of what is consuming society and how it can impact the aquatic environment. In this work, a suspect screening approach was used to detect the known and unknown contaminants in wastewater samples collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the Basque Country (Crispijana in Alava, and Galindo in Vizcaya) during two weekly sampling campaigns, which included the months from April to July 2020, part of the confinement period caused by COVID-19. To that aim, high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to collect full-scan data-dependent tandem mass spectra from the water samples using a suspect database containing >40,000 chemical substances. The presence of > 80 contaminants was confirmed (level 1) and quantified in both WWTP samples, while at least 47 compounds were tentatively identified (2a). Among the contaminants of concern, an increase in the occurrence of some compounds used for COVID-19 disease treatment, such as lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine, was observed during the lockdown. A prioritization strategy for environmental risk assessment was carried out considering only the compounds quantified in the effluents of Crispijana and Galindo WWTPs. The compounds were scored based on the removal efficiency, estimated persistency, bioconcentration factor, mobility, toxicity potential and frequency of detection in the samples. With this approach, 33 compounds (e.g. amantadine, clozapine or lopinavir) were found to be considered key contaminants in the analyzed samples based on their concentration, occurrence and potential toxicity. Additionally, antimicrobial (RQ-AR) and antiviral (EDRP) risk of certain compounds was evaluated, where ciprofloxacin and fluconazole represented medium risk for antibiotic resistance (1 > RQ-AR > 0.1) in the aquatic ecosystems. Regarding mixture toxicity, the computed sum of toxic unit values of the different effluents (> 1) suggest that interactions between the compounds need to be considered for future environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - M Irazola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - U Lertxundi
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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13
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Bilbao D, Prieto A, Reinardy HC, Lekube X, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. The influence of temperature in sea urchin embryo toxicity of crude and bunker oils alone and mixed with dispersant. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 189:114786. [PMID: 36893648 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This investigation deals with how temperature influences oil toxicity, alone or combined with dispersant (D). Larval lengthening, abnormalities, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity were determined in sea urchin embryos for assessing toxicity of low-energy water accommodated fractions (LEWAF) of three oils (NNA crude oil, marine gas oil -MGO-, and IFO 180 fuel oil) produced at 5-25 °C. PAH levels were similar amongst LEWAFs but PAH profiles varied with oil and production temperature. The sum of PAHs was higher in oil-dispersant LEWAFs than in oil LEWAFs, most remarkably at low production temperatures in the cases of NNA and MGO. Genotoxicity, enhanced after dispersant application, varied depending on the LEWAF production temperature in a different way for each oil. Impaired lengthening, abnormalities and developmental disruption were recorded, the severity of the effects varying with oil, dispersant application and LEWAF production temperature. Toxicity, only partially attributed to individual PAHs, was higher at lower LEWAF production temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain; BCTA Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia (Basque Country), Spain.
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14
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Remesar S, Méndez A, Benito A, Prieto A, García-Dios D, López C, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, Díaz P. A novel time-saving multiplex PCR assay for detecting and discriminating the most common canine Babesia species in Europe. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:235-239. [PMID: 37037145 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, most cases of canine babesiosis are caused by Babesia canis, Babesia vogeli (large piroplasms) and Babesia vulpes (small piroplasm). Molecular diagnosis is recommended due to its high sensitivity. Species identification after sequencing allows applying a rapid and efficient treatment, leading to a better prognosis; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a time-saving multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for simultaneously detecting and discriminating between large and small forms without sequence analysis. A new multiplex PCR was designed and tested using blood samples from 79 dogs showing clinical signs compatible with babesiosis which were previously analysed using blood smears and molecular methods. Multiplex PCR successfully discriminated between both Babesia groups showing bands of 700 and 890 bp for B. canis/B. vogeli and B. vulpes, respectively. No significant differences in the results of both PCR were detected and a substantial agreement between protocols (κ = 0.64) was found. Our multiplex PCR represents a reliable tool for detecting infections by the major Babesia spp. in dogs from Europe. Since no sequence analysis is required for identifying the species involved, this PCR allows the rapid administration of an appropriate treatment, thus improving the survival rate of the infected animals. In addition, it will represent a helpful tool for unravelling the real prevalence and distribution of B. vulpes and its implication in clinical cases.
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15
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Vergara-Luis I, Báez-Millán JC, Baciero I, González-Gaya B, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Prieto A. Comparison of conventional and dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up approaches for the simultaneous analysis of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in a variety of fresh vegetables. Talanta 2023; 254:124192. [PMID: 36527910 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture has led to the occurrence of residual drugs in different vegetables frequently consumed by humans. This could pose a potential threat to human health, not only because of the possible effects after ingestion but also because the transmission of antibiotic-resistant genes could occur. In this work, two accurate sample preparation procedures were developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of sulfonamides (SAs) and tetracyclines (TCs) in four of the most widely consumed vegetables (lettuce, onion, tomato, and carrot) in Europe. The evaluated protocols were based on QuECHERS for extraction and subsequent clean-up by SPE (solid phase extraction) or dispersive SPE. Parameters affecting both extraction and clean-up were carefully evaluated and selected for accuracy of results and minimal matrix effect. Overall, apparent recoveries were above 70% for most of the target analytes with both analytical procedures, and adequate precision (RSD<30%) was obtained for all the matrices. The procedural limits of quantification (LOQPRO) values for SPE clean-up remained below 4.4 μg kg-1 for TCs in all vegetables except for chlortetracycline (CTC) in lettuce (11.3 μg kg-1) and 3.0 μg kg-1 for SAs, with the exception of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in onion (3.9 μg kg-1) and sulfathiazole (STZ) in carrot (5.0 μg kg-1). Lower LOQPRO values (0.1-3.7 μg kg-1) were obtained, in general, when dSPE clean-up was employed. Both methods were applied to twenty-five market vegetable samples from ecological and conventional agriculture and only sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfapyridine (SPD) were detected in lettuce at 1.2 μg kg-1 and 0.5 μg kg-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vergara-Luis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - J C Báez-Millán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Baciero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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16
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Lopez-Herguedas N, González-Gaya B, Cano A, Alvarez-Mora I, Mijangos L, Etxebarria N, Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Prieto A. Effect-directed analysis of a hospital effluent sample using A-YES for the identification of endocrine disrupting compounds. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157985. [PMID: 35985602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An effect-directed analysis (EDA) approach was used to identify the compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in a hospital effluent (Basque Country). In order to facilitate the identification of the potentially toxic substances, a sample was collected using an automated onsite large volume solid phase extraction (LV-SPE) system. Then, it was fractionated with a two-step orthogonal chromatographic separation and tested for estrogenic effects with a recombinant yeast (A-YES) in-vitro bioassay. The fractionation method was optimized and validated for 184 compounds, and its application to the hospital effluent sample allowed reducing the number of unknowns from 292 in the raw sample to 35 after suspect analysis of the bioactive fractions. Among those, 7 of them were confirmed with chemical standards. In addition, target analysis of the raw sample confirmed the presence of mestranol, estrone and dodemorph in the fractions showing estrogenic activity. Predictive estrogenic activity modelling using quantitative structure-activity relationships indicated that the hormones mestranol (5840 ng/L) and estrone (128 ng/L), the plasticiser bisphenol A (9219 ng/L) and the preservative butylparaben (1224 ng/L) were the main contributors of the potential toxicity. Derived bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) pointed mestranol and estrone as the main contributors (56 % and 43 %, respectively) of the 50 % of the sample's explained total estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Alicia Cano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iker Alvarez-Mora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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17
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Estévez-Danta A, Bijlsma L, Capela R, Cela R, Celma A, Hernández F, Lertxundi U, Matias J, Montes R, Orive G, Prieto A, Santos MM, Rodil R, Quintana JB. Use of illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco in Spain and Portugal during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 as measured by wastewater-based epidemiology. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155697. [PMID: 35523346 PMCID: PMC9065690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly worldwide in the year 2020, which was initially restrained by drastic mobility restrictions. In this work, we investigated the use of illicit drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, cocaine and cannabis), and licit substances of abuse (alcohol and tobacco) during the earlier months (March-July 2020) of the pandemic restrictions in four Spanish (Bilbao and its metropolitan area, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Castellón and Santiago de Compostela) and two Portuguese (Porto and Vila do Conde) locations by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). The results show that no methamphetamine was detected in any of the locations monitored, while amphetamine use was only detectable in the two locations from the Basque Country (Bilbao and its metropolitan area and Vitoria-Gasteiz), with high estimated average usage rates (700-930 mg day-1 1000 inhabitant-1). The remaining substances were detected in all the investigated catchment areas. In general, no remarkable changes were found in population normalized loads compared to former years, except for cocaine (i.e. its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine). For this drug, a notable decrease in use was discernible in Castellón, while its usage in Porto and Santiago de Compostela seemed to continue in a rising trend, already initiated in former years. Furthermore, two events of ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) dumping in the sewage network were confirmed by enantiomeric analysis, one in Santiago de Compostela just prior the lockdown and the second one in the Bilbao and its metropolitan area in July after relieving the more stringent measures. The latter could also be associated with a police intervention. The comparison of WBE with (web) survey data, which do not provide information at a local level, points towards contradictory conclusions for some of the substances, thereby highlighting the need for stable WBE networks capable of near real-time monitoring drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Estévez-Danta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Ricardo Capela
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Endocrine Disrupter and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - João Matias
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Endocrine Disrupter and Emerging Contaminants, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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18
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Musatadi M, Caballero C, Mijangos L, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. From target analysis to suspect and non-target screening of endocrine-disrupting compounds in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6855-6869. [PMID: 35904524 PMCID: PMC9436830 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a target analysis method for simultaneously determining 24 diverse endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in urine (benzophenones, bisphenols, parabens, phthalates and antibacterials) was developed. The target analysis approach (including enzymatic hydrolysis, clean-up by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)) was optimized, validated and applied to volunteers’ samples, in which 67% of the target EDCs were quantified. For instance, benzophenone-3 (0.2–13 ng g−1), bisphenol A (7.7–13.7 ng g−1), methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (8–254 ng g−1), mono butyl phthalate (2–17 ng g−1) and triclosan (0.3–9 ng g−1) were found at the highest concentrations, but the presence of other analogues was detected as well. The developed target method was further extended to suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) by means of LC coupled to high-resolution MS/MS. First, well-defined workflows for SNTS were validated by applying the previously developed method to an extended list of compounds (83), and then, to the same real urine samples. From a list of approximately 4000 suspects, 33 were annotated at levels from 1 to 3, with food additives/ingredients and personal care products being the most abundant ones. In the non-target approach, the search was limited to molecules containing S, Cl and/or Br atoms, annotating 4 pharmaceuticals. The results from this study showed that the combination of the lower limits of detection of MS/MS and the identification power of high-resolution MS/MS is still compulsory for a more accurate definition of human exposome in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain. .,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Plentzia, 48620, Spain.
| | - Claudia Caballero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Plentzia, 48620, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Plentzia, 48620, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Plentzia, 48620, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, 48940, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Plentzia, 48620, Spain
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19
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Domingo-Echaburu S, Irazola M, Prieto A, Rocano B, Lopez de Torre-Querejazu A, Quintana A, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Drugs used during the COVID-19 first wave in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) and their presence in the environment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153122. [PMID: 35063509 PMCID: PMC8767721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The city of Vitoria-Gasteiz was one of the probable first entrances of the SARS-CoV2 in Spain, one of the worst affected countries in the world during the first COVID 19 wave. Driven by the urgency of the situation, multiple drugs with antiviral activity were used off label. Sadly, most of these treatments were of little or no benefit and thus, the number of patients suffering from COVID-19 attended in intensive care units (ICUs) multiplied. After being administered to patients, a variable proportion of these drugs reach the environment where they may have detrimental effects, although this aspect is usually ignored by healthcare professionals. In this study we measured the patterns of hospital drug use in the city of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain) during the first COVID-19 wave pandemic, focusing on those with antiviral activity and those used in the ICUs. Subsequently, we measured concentrations of selected drugs in the city's wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent and estimated the potential risk for the environment. The hospital use of certain antivirals and drugs used for sedo-analgesia were dramatically increased during the first wave (cisatracurium was multiplied by 25 and lopinavir/ritonavir by 20). A mean of 1.632 daily defined doses of hydroxychloroquine were used during the period of February-May 2020. In this study we report the first positive detection of hydroxychloroquine ever in the environment. We also show the second positive report of lopinavir. Low risk was estimated for hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir (Risk quotients (RQ) <1), and medium risk for azithromycin (RQ 0f 0.146).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Domingo-Echaburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Health Organisation, Pharmacy Service, Nafarroa Hiribidea, 16, 20500 Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Irazola
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, ES48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, ES48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology, ES48620 Plentzia, Biscay, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
| | - B Rocano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Lopez de Torre-Querejazu
- Pharmacy Service, Araba-Integrated Health Care Organization, Santiago Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - A Quintana
- Pharmacy Service, Araba Integrated Health Care Organization, Txagorritxu Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - G Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - U Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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Lopez-Herguedas N, González-Gaya B, Castelblanco-Boyacá N, Rico A, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. Characterization of the contamination fingerprint of wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Henares River Basin (central Spain) based on target and suspect screening analysis. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151262. [PMID: 34715212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interest in contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has increased lately due to their continued emission and potential ecotoxicological hazards. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are generally not capable of eliminating them and are considered the main pathway for CECs to the aquatic environment. The number of CECs in WWTPs effluents is often so large that complementary approaches to the conventional target analysis need to be implemented. Within this context, multitarget quantitative analysis (162 compounds) and a suspect screening (>40,000 suspects) approaches were applied to characterize the CEC fingerprint in effluents of five WWTPs in the Henares River basin (central Spain) during two sampling campaigns (summer and autumn). The results indicated that 76% of the compounds quantified corresponded to pharmaceuticals, 21% to pesticides and 3% to industrial chemicals. Apart from the 82 compounds quantified, suspect screening increased the list to 297 annotated compounds. Significant differences in the CEC fingerprint were observed between summer and autumn campaigns and between the WWTPs, being those serving the city of Alcalá de Henares the ones with the largest number of compounds and concentrations. Finally, a risk prioritization approach was applied based on risk quotients (RQs) for algae, invertebrates, and fish. Azithromycin, diuron, chlortoluron, clarithromycin, sertraline and sulfamethoxazole were identified as having the largest risks to algae. As for invertebrates, the compounds having the largest RQs were carbendazim, fenoxycarb and eprosartan, and for fish acetaminophen, DEET, carbendazim, caffeine, fluconazole, and azithromycin. The two WWTPs showing higher calculated Risk Indexes had tertiary treatments, which points towards the need of increasing the removal efficiency in urban WWTPs. Furthermore, considering the complex mixtures emitted into the environment and the low dilution capacity of Mediterranean rivers, we recommend the development of detailed monitoring plans and stricter regulations to control the chemical burden created to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - N Castelblanco-Boyacá
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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21
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Estévez-Danta A, Montes R, Bijlsma L, Cela R, Celma A, González-Mariño I, Miró M, Gutmann V, de San Román-Landa UP, Prieto A, Ventura M, Rodil R, Quintana JB. Source identification of amphetamine-like stimulants in Spanish wastewater through enantiomeric profiling. Water Res 2021; 206:117719. [PMID: 34624656 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) occur in wastewater not only as a result of illicit consumption, but also, in some cases, from prescription drug use or by direct drug disposal into the sewage system. Enantiomeric profiling of these chiral drugs could give more insight into the origin of their occurrence. In this manuscript, a new analytical methodology for the enantiomeric analysis of amphetamine-like substances in wastewater has been developed. The method consists of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which showed low quantification limits in the 2.4-5.5 ng L-1 range. The LC-MS/MS method was first applied to characterize a total of 38 solid street drug samples anonymously provided by consumers. The results of these analysis showed that AMP and MDMA trafficked into Spain are synthesized as racemate, while MAMP is exclusively produced as the S(+)-enantiomer. Then, the analytical method was employed to analyse urban wastewater samples collected from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of five different cities in 2018 and 2019. Consumption estimated through normalized population loads in wastewater showed an increased pattern of AMP use in the Basque Country. Furthermore, the enantiomeric profiling of wastewater samples was contrasted to lisdexamfetamine (LIS) and selegiline (SEL) prescription figures, two pharmaceuticals which metabolize to S(+)-AMP, and to R(-)-AMP and R(-)-MAMP, respectively. From this analysis, and considering uncertainties derived from metabolism and adherence to treatment, it was concluded that LIS is a relevant source of AMP in those cases with low wastewater loads, i.e. up to a maximum of 60% of AMP detected in wastewater in some samples could originate from LIS prescription, while SEL does not represent a significant source of AMP nor MAMP. Finally, removal efficiencies could be evaluated for the WWTP (serving ca. 860,000 inhabitants) with higher AMP influent concentrations. The removal of AMP was satisfactory with rates higher than 99%, whereas MDMA showed an average removal of approximately 60%, accompanied by an enrichment of R(-)-MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Estévez-Danta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Rafael Cela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gutmann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | | | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country 48620, Spain
| | - Mireia Ventura
- Energy Control, Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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22
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Athanassiou G, Gajewski P, Ascolese A, Ballesteros S, Maniadakis M, Pateraki M, Prieto A, Varlamis I, Monferino R. Sustainable work through technology-assisted enhancement of cognitive abilities of older employees: the sustAGE approach. Das Gesundheitswesen 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Athanassiou
- IfADo – Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Ergonomics
| | - P Gajewski
- IfADo – Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Department of Ergonomics
| | | | - S Ballesteros
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Faculty of Psychology
| | - M Maniadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Vision and Robotics Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Heraklion
| | - M Pateraki
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Vision and Robotics Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Heraklion
| | - A Prieto
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Faculty of Psychology
| | - I Varlamis
- Harokopio University of Athens, Department of Informatics and Telematics
| | - R Monferino
- FCA - Centro Ricerche Fiat, EMEA - WCM Research & Innovation Factory Innovation
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23
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González-Gaya B, Lopez-Herguedas N, Santamaria A, Mijangos F, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Prieto A, Zuloaga O. Suspect screening workflow comparison for the analysis of organic xenobiotics in environmental water samples. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129964. [PMID: 33979938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Suspect screening techniques are able to determine a broader range of compounds than traditional target analysis. However, the performance of the suspect techniques relies on the procedures implemented for peak annotation and for this, the list of potential candidates is clearly a limiting factor. In order to study this effect on the number of compounds annotated in environmental water samples, a method was validated in terms of absolute recoveries, limits of quantification and identification, as well as the peak picking capability of the software (Compound Discoverer 2.1) using a target list of 178 xenobiotics. Four suspect screening workflows using different suspect lists were compared: (i) the Stoffident list, (ii) all the NORMAN lists, (iii) suspects containing C, H, O, N, S, P, F or Cl in their molecular formula with more than 10 references in Chemspider and (iv) the mzCloud library. The results were compared in terms of the number of annotated compounds at each confidence level. The same 8 compounds (atenolol, caffeine, caprolactam, carbendazim, cotinine, diclofenac, propyphenazone and trimetoprim) were annotated at the highest confidence level using the four workflows. Remarkable differences were observed for lower confidence levels but only 4 features were annotated at different levels by the four workflows. While the third approach provided the highest number of annotated features, the workflow based on the mzCloud library rendered satisfactory results with a simpler approach. Finally, this latter approach was extended to the analysis of organic xenobiotics in different environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - N Lopez-Herguedas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Santamaria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - F Mijangos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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24
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Bijlsma L, Picó Y, Andreu V, Celma A, Estévez-Danta A, González-Mariño I, Hernández F, López de Alda M, López-García E, Marcé RM, Miró M, Montes R, Pérez de San Román-Landa U, Pitarch E, Pocurull E, Postigo C, Prieto A, Rico A, Rodil R, Valcárcel Y, Ventura M, Quintana JB. The embodiment of wastewater data for the estimation of illicit drug consumption in Spain. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:144794. [PMID: 33770873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Data obtained from wastewater analysis can provide rapid and complementary insights in illicit drug consumption at community level. Within Europe, Spain is an important country of transit of both cocaine and cannabis. The quantity of seized drugs and prevalence of their use rank Spain at the top of Europe. Hence, the implementation of a wastewater monitoring program at national level would help to get better understanding of spatial differences and trends in use of illicit drugs. In this study, a national wastewater campaign was performed for the first time to get more insight on the consumption of illicit drugs within Spain. The 13 Spanish cities monitored cover approximately 6 million inhabitants (12.8% of the Spanish population). Untreated wastewater samples were analyzed for urinary biomarkers of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis. In addition, weekend samples were monitored for 17 new psychoactive substances. Cannabis and cocaine are the most consumed drugs in Spain, but geographical variations showed, for instance, comparatively higher levels of methamphetamine in Barcelona and amphetamine in Bilbao, with about 1-fold higher consumption of these two substances in such metropolitan areas. For amphetamine, an enantiomeric profiling was performed in order to assure the results were due to consumption and not to illegal dumping of production residues. Furthermore, different correction factors for the excretion of cannabis were used to compare consumption estimations. All wastewater results were compared with previously reported data, national seizure data and general population survey data, were a reasonable agreement was found. Daily and yearly drug consumption were extrapolated to the entire Spanish population with due precautions because of the uncertainty associated. These data was further used to estimate the retail drug market, where for instance cocaine illicit consumption alone was calculated to contribute to 0.2-0.5% of the Spanish gross domestic product (ca. 3000-6000 million Euro/year).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) joint Research Centre Universitat de Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) joint Research Centre Universitat de Valencia-CSIC-Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Andrea Estévez-Danta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester López-García
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Elena Pitarch
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Valcárcel
- Grupo de Evaluación de Riesgos en Salud y Medio Ambiente (RiSaMA), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Ventura
- Energy Control, Asociación Bienestar y Desarollo, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute of Research in Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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25
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González-Gaya B, Lopez-Herguedas N, Bilbao D, Mijangos L, Iker AM, Etxebarria N, Irazola M, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Suspect and non-target screening: the last frontier in environmental analysis. Anal Methods 2021; 13:1876-1904. [PMID: 33913946 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) techniques are arising as new analytical strategies useful to disentangle the environmental occurrence of the thousands of exogenous chemicals present in our ecosystems. The unbiased discovery of the wide number of substances present over environmental analysis needs to find a consensus with powerful technical and computational requirements, as well as with the time-consuming unequivocal identification of discovered analytes. Within these boundaries, the potential applications of SNTS include the studies of environmental pollution in aquatic, atmospheric, solid and biological samples, the assessment of new compounds, transformation products and metabolites, contaminant prioritization, bioremediation or soil/water treatment evaluation, and retrospective data analysis, among many others. In this review, we evaluate the state of the art of SNTS techniques going over the normalized workflow from sampling and sample treatment to instrumental analysis, data processing and a brief review of the more recent applications of SNTS in environmental occurrence and exposure to xenobiotics. The main issues related to harmonization and knowledge gaps are critically evaluated and the challenges of their implementation are assessed in order to ensure a proper use of these promising techniques in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Mason CY, Prieto A, Bogati H, Sannino L, Akai N, Marquardt T. Adverse events using shorter MDR-TB regimens: outcomes from Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Public Health Action 2021; 11:2-4. [PMID: 33777714 DOI: 10.5588/pha.20.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence increasingly indicates that standardised, shorter regimens (SR) for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is effective in treating this global disease, but there is little published data on associated adverse events. We report outcomes from a cohort treated with the SR in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Among 26 patients treated with a TB SR from September 2017 to September 2018, 10 (39%) were successful treatments, 12 (46%) were failures, 2 died, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Of those whose treatment failed, most (n = 10) changed their regimen due to adverse events, including seven from ototoxicity, suggesting this SR may not be suited to all patients in PNG and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Mason
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - A Prieto
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - H Bogati
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - N Akai
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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27
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Remesar S, Díaz P, Prieto A, García-Dios D, Panadero R, Fernández G, Brianti E, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, López CM. Molecular detection and identification of piroplasms (Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ticks from northwest Spain. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:51-58. [PMID: 32757238 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum and some piroplasm species are pathogens mainly transmitted by Ixodes ricinus. Considering that this tick species is predominant in north-western Spain, individual specimens (652 nymphs, 202 females and 202 males) and 23 larval pools were processed to determine the prevalence of these pathogens in questing I. ricinus from that region. Additionally, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes frontalis and Ixodes acuminatus were individually analysed. The groESL operon as well as the 16S rRNA and msp2 genes of Anaplasma were analysed. Similarly, piroplasms were identified at the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1 of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Babesia venatorum (1.5%), A. phagocytophilum (0.7%), Babesia microti (0.3%) and Theileria sp. OT3 (0.2%) were detected in I. ricinus. A single I. frontalis (8.3%) tested positive to A. phagocytophilum. Although a low percentage of I. ricinus were infected with A. phagocytophilum and piroplasms, a potentially human pathogenic variant of A. phagocytophilum was detected, and both Babesia species found were zoonotic. Since the vector of Theileria sp. OT3 remains unknown, further investigations are needed to unravel the role of I. ricinus in the transmission of this piroplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Remesar
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - P Díaz
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - D García-Dios
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - R Panadero
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - G Fernández
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - E Brianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - P Díez-Baños
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - C M López
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Jafri A, Prieto A, Gashau H, Bartlett JD. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia following ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. Acute Med 2021; 20:223-226. [PMID: 34679140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serious thromboembolic events with concurrent thrombocytopenia, sometimes accompanied by bleeding, have occurred very rarely following administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. We report the case of a 59-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history who presented to the emergency department with increasing breathlessness five days after receiving the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19. The patient's blood results showed mild thrombocytopenia and a very high D-dimer, and a pulmonary embolism was confirmed through a CT pulmonary angiogram, which led to a provisional diagnosis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. The condition was then treated with immunoglobulin and intravenous argatroban in line with the guidance from the Expert Haematology Panel focussed on Vaccine-induced Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia before conversion to apixaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jafri
- MuDr, Senior Clinical Fellow in Acute Medicine, Hereford County Hospital
| | - A Prieto
- MPharm, Clinical Pharmacist, Hereford County Hospital
| | - Hde Gashau
- MuDr, Clinical Fellow in Respiratory Medicine, Hereford County Hospital
| | - J D Bartlett
- MBBS, BSc, FRCP, Lead Consultant for Acute Medicine, Hereford County Hospital
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Zabaleta I, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Elizalde MP. Migration of photoinitiators, phthalates and plasticizers from paper and cardboard materials into different simulants and foodstuffs. Food Chem 2020; 344:128597. [PMID: 33214042 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The migration of photoinitiators, phthalates and plasticizers from two paper and cardboard materials into food simulants (50% and 95% EtOH and Tenax) and foodstuffs (rice, cereals and milk powder) was studied. In the case of liquid simulants migration was observed to reach the equilibrium after 60 min and depended on the material type and the physicochemical parameters of the migrants, whereas the temperature (room temperature and 60 °C) did not show significant effects. The study of migration of the compounds from a baking paper to Tenax at high temperatures (150 and 250 °C) evidenced an increment of migration when increasing temperature, except for the most volatile analytes. Finally, the migration to foodstuffs was studied using fully validated analytical protocols. Overall, the comparison of the migration rates demonstrated that Tenax was adequate for the simulation of the migration to rice and cereals, but underestimated the migration to infant milk powder, for which 95% EtOH resulted a more suitable simulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blanco-Zubiaguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - I Zabaleta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - M P Elizalde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Prieto A, Bernabeu M, Falgenhauer L, Chakraborty T, Hüttener M, Juárez A. Overexpression of the third H-NS paralogue H-NS2 compensates fitness loss in hns mutants of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain 042. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18131. [PMID: 33093592 PMCID: PMC7582179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the H-NS protein family play a role both in the chromosome architecture and in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. The genomes of the enterobacteria encode an H-NS paralogue, the StpA protein. StpA displays specific regulatory properties and provides a molecular backup for H-NS. Some enterobacteria also encode third H-NS paralogues. This is the case of the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain 042, which encodes the hns, stpA and hns2 genes. We provide in this paper novel information about the role of the H-NS2 protein in strain 042. A C > T transition in the hns2 promoter leading to increased H-NS2 expression is readily selected in hns mutants. Increased H-NS2 expression partially compensates for H-NS loss. H-NS2 levels are critical for the strain 042 fitness. Under some circumstances, high H-NS2 expression levels dictated by the mutant hns2 promoter can be deleterious. The selection of T > C revertants or of clones harboring insertional inactivations of the hns2 gene can then occur. Temperature also plays a relevant role in the H-NS2 regulatory activity. At 37 °C, H-NS2 targets a subset of the H-NS repressed genes contributing to their silencing. When temperature drops to 25 °C, the repressory ability of H-NS2 is significantly reduced. At low temperature, H-NS plays the main repressory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prieto
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bernabeu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus, Giessen, Germany
| | - T Chakraborty
- German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Hüttener
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Juárez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Musatadi M, González-Gaya B, Irazola M, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Focused ultrasound-based extraction for target analysis and suspect screening of organic xenobiotics in fish muscle. Sci Total Environ 2020; 740:139894. [PMID: 32562984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of multitarget and/or suspect screening methods for the analysis of xenobiotics in fish samples is compulsory due to the lack of works in the literature where a deep evaluation of the variables affecting extraction and clean-up steps is performed. The aim of the present work was to optimize and validate a multitarget (180 compounds) method for the analysis of priority and emerging xenobiotics in fish muscle using focused ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction. From the different extraction solvents studied, a single extraction in cold acetonitrile rendered the best consensus results in terms of absolute recoveries and the number of target compounds extracted. Matrix effect was minimized using commercially available Captiva ND-Lipid filters, which provided clean extracts and satisfactory repeatability compared to other approaches. Absolute recoveries were corrected using matrix-matched calibration and apparent recoveries in the 43%-105%, 73%-131% and 78%-128% ranges were obtained at low (20 ng g-1), medium (100 ng g-1), and high (200 ng g-1) spiking levels, respectively. A 60% of the xenobiotics showed limits of identification lower than 20 ng g-1. The developed method was successfully applied to the quantification and suspect screening of samples bought in a local market (hake, gilt-head bream, sea bass and prawn) and fished (thicklip grey mullet) at the Urdaibai estuary (north of Spain). Food additives, antiparasitic drugs and PFOS were quantified at ng g-1 level. Moreover, the targeted method was extended to the suspect screening, revealing the presence of plastic related products (caprolactam, phthalates, polyethylenglycols), pharmaceutical products (albendazole, mebendazole, valpromide) and pesticides or insect repellents (icaridin, myristyl sulfate, nootkatone). Therefore, FUSLE in cold acetonitrile combined with Captiva ND-Lipid filters and liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-q-Orbitrap) were successfully applied to both multitarget quantitative analysis and suspect screening of approx. 17,800 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Musatadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Irazola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - N Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - O Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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Zabaleta I, Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Baharli EN, Olivares M, Prieto A, Zuloaga O, Elizalde MP. Occurrence of per- and polyfluorinated compounds in paper and board packaging materials and migration to food simulants and foodstuffs. Food Chem 2020; 321:126746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Mijangos L, Krauss M, de Miguel L, Ziarrusta H, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Izagirre U, Schulze T, Brack W, Prieto A, Etxebarria N. Application of the Sea Urchin Embryo Test in Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Directed Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8890-8899. [PMID: 32525664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryo assay was used to assess general toxicity at four wastewater treatment plant effluents of Biscay (Gorliz, Mungia, Gernika, and Galindo), and within the tested range, all the extracts showed embryo growth inhibition and skeleton malformation activities with EC50 values, in relative enrichment factor units, between 1.1-16.8 and 1.1-8.8, respectively. To identify the causative compounds, effect-directed analysis was successfully applied for the first time using a sea urchin embryo test to the secondary treatment of the Galindo effluent. To this end, two subsequent fractionation steps were performed using C18 (21 fractions) and aminopropyl columns (15 fractions). By this fractionation, the number of features detected by LC-HRMS in the raw sample was drastically reduced from 1500 to 9, and among them, two pesticides (mexacarbate, 17 ng/L, and fenpropidin, 23 ng/L), two antidepressants (amitriptyline, 304 ng/L, and paroxetine, 26 ng/L), and two anthelmintic agents (mebendazole, 65 ng/L, and albendazole, 48 ng/L) could be identified in the two toxic fractions. The artificial mixture of the identified six compounds could explain 79% of the observed effect, with albendazole and paroxetine as the predominant contributors (49% and 49%, respectively) affecting the sea urchin embryogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura de Miguel
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Panadero R, López CM, Remesar S, Cabanelas E, Varas G, Markina F, Díaz P, García-Dios D, Prieto A, Fernández G, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P. Temporal and spatial spread of Hypoderma actaeon infection in roe deer from peninsular Spain determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Med Vet Entomol 2020; 34:44-48. [PMID: 31444796 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The host switching of Hypoderma actaeon (Diptera: Oestridae), a specific parasite of red deer (Cervus elaphus), towards roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) has been recently reported in Spain. To provide information about the temporal and spatial spreading of H. actaeon infection in roe deer, 244 serum samples from animals hunted in Spain between 2013 and 2018 were analysed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity was 13.9%. Seropositivity was higher in continental (27.7%) and mountainous (12%) areas from central Spain, followed by southern-Mediterranean (11.2%) and northern-oceanic regions (3.5%). Differences were significant between central-continental and northern-oceanic regions (P = 0.003). No differences were found according to the sex and age of roe deer (P > 0.05). In 2013, all seropositive animals were concentrated in two distant areas in central and southern Spain, suggesting that the host switch could have occurred independently in both regions. Changes in the pattern of distribution of red deer and roe deer could have favoured the spreading of this myiasis towards roe deer, indicating that roe deer may become infested by H. actaeon in areas where both cervids coexist at high densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Panadero
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - C M López
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - S Remesar
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - E Cabanelas
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - G Varas
- Spanish Roe Deer Association, ACE-Asociación del Corzo Español, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Markina
- Spanish Roe Deer Association, ACE-Asociación del Corzo Español, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Díaz
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - D García-Dios
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - G Fernández
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Díez-Baños
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology. Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Zabaleta I, Usobiaga A, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Elizalde M. Target and suspect screening of substances liable to migrate from food contact paper and cardboard materials using liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 208:120394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Mijangos L, Urain O, Ruiz-Rubio L, Ziarrusta H, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Prieto A, Etxebarria N. Short-term stability assessment for the analysis of emerging contaminants in seawater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23861-23872. [PMID: 31214888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the stability study performed in seawater and seawater extracts (spiked at ~ 200 ng/L) for 23 emerging contaminants. Four different alternatives were tested at six different times (0, 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days): (i) seawater at 4 °C, (ii) mixed-mode solid-phase extraction cartridge (Bond Elute Plexa and Strata X-AW) stored at - 20 °C, (iii) polyethersulfone hollow fibre stored at - 20 °C and (iv) methanol extracts once the samples were extracted from PES hollow fibre and stored at - 20 °C. Moreover, the integrity of the supporting polymeric phases was studied by Raman, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis. As may be expected, seawater samples showed the lowest stability (losses between 21 and 99%) while methanol extract provides stable results (losses < 30%) over the tested period. In the case of solid-phase cartridges, the stability profile showed an average loss of 7% while, in polyethersulfone hollow fibres, losses up to 58% were observed. Finally, we were able to relate the lower efficiency of polyethersulfone fibres with the wettability of this material based on the thermogravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Otsalar Urain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia, Spain
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Díaz JM, Prieto A, López G, Díaz P, López C, Quintela LÁ, Morrondo P, Fernández G. Association of Ureaplasma diversum with reproductive disease in cattle. N Z Vet J 2019; 67:249-256. [PMID: 31131738 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1623733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To examine the association between the detection of Ureaplasma diversum in vaginal swabs from dairy cows in north western Spain with the diagnosis of granular vulvovaginitis (GVV) and reproductive performance, and the association with subclinical endometritis (SE) in slaughterhouse material. The presence of this microorganism in cases of abortion was also investigated. Methods: From 106 dairy farms in the province of Lugo, 40 herds were randomly selected. Vaginal swabs were obtained from 10 randomly selected cows per farm, then pooled for analysis to detect the presence of U. diversum by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In five of these herds samples from the 10 animals were individually tested for U. diversum, and the presence of GVV lesions and their reproductive efficiency (number of inseminations to achieve pregnancy over two subsequent pregnancies) were determined. Vaginal swabs from uteri of cattle obtained at a slaughterhouse (n = 100) were tested for U. diversum and the presence of SE, defined as >5% polymorphonuclear cells in cytobrush smears, was determined. Sixteen farms with abortion problems submitted samples for culture and PCR testing including for U. diversum. Results: Of the 40 herds, 39 (98%) tested positive for U. diversum. On the five farms, 25/50 (50%) cows tested positive for U. diversum, and more cows with GGV-lesions (16/25; 64%) tested positive than cows without lesions (9/25; 36%) (p = 0.047). There were more cows with poor reproductive efficacy that tested positive (8/11; 57%) than tested negative (3/17; 18%) for U. diversum (p = 0.029). Of the 100 uteri, five tested positive for U. diversum and there were more uteri with SE that tested positive (3/19; 16%) than uteri without SE (2/81; 2%) (p = 0.036). U. diversum was also diagnosed in 4/16 farms with abortion problems and liver appeared to be the best tissue for detecting U. diversum DNA in the fetuses analysed. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Infection with U. diversum was present in most of herds investigated and it was statistically associated with GVV, SE and poor reproductive performance. It was also detected in abortions and the liver may also be an additional tissue to be considered in the diagnosis of U. diversum abortion by PCR. The possible association with different diseases in the same area suggests that different presentations should be considered when studying the implications of U. diversum on the reproductive diseases of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Díaz
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - A Prieto
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - G López
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - P Díaz
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - C López
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - L Á Quintela
- b Unit of Reproduction & Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - G Fernández
- a Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
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Katsumiti A, Nicolussi G, Bilbao D, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Cajaraville MP. In vitro toxicity testing in hemocytes of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (L.) to uncover mechanisms of action of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil without and with dispersant. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:1084-1094. [PMID: 31018424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersants used in oil spills could result toxic to marine organisms and could influence the toxicity of oil compounds. The aim of this work was to uncover the mechanisms of action of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil produced at 10, 15 and 20 °C without and with the dispersant Finasol OSR52 (WAF and WAFD, respectively) using hemocytes of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Primary cultures of hemocytes were exposed in glass-coated microplates to different WAF or WAFD dilutions (0.25, 2.5, 25, 50 and 100%) and to the dispersant alone at the same concentrations present in the WAFD dilutions (1.25, 12.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/L). Of the two in vitro approaches tested, the second one was selected which involved exposure of hemocytes for 4 h to unfiltered WAF, WAFD and dispersant dilutions without cell culture media. WAF decreased hemocytes viability only at the highest dilution whereas WAFD and the dispersant alone were cytotoxic at the three highest concentrations. Temperature of production of WAF, WAFD and dispersant did not influence their cytotoxicity to hemocytes. WAF increased ROS production and MXR transport activity in hemocytes. Exposure to WAFD and dispersant increased ROS production, provoked plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton disruption and decreased phagocytic activity. In conclusion, the dispersant tested was toxic to mussel hemocytes and it greatly increased the toxicity of WAFD. The present data could be useful for the environmental risk assessment of oil spills and their remediation strategies in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Greta Nicolussi
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- IBeA Research Group, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48080 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- IBeA Research Group, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48080 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- IBeA Research Group, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48080 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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Armiñanzas C, Fariñas-Alvarez C, Zarauza J, Muñoz P, González Ramallo V, Martínez Sellés M, Miró Meda JM, Pericás JM, Goenaga MÁ, Ojeda Burgos G, Rodríguez Álvarez R, Castelo Corral L, Gálvez-Acebal J, Martínez Marcos FJ, Fariñas MC, Fernández Sánchez F, Noureddine M, Rosas G, de la Torre Lima J, Aramendi J, Bereciartua E, Blanco MJ, Blanco R, Boado MV, Campaña Lázaro M, Crespo A, Goikoetxea J, Iruretagoyena JR, Irurzun Zuazabal J, López-Soria L, Montejo M, Nieto J, Rodrigo D, Rodríguez D, Rodríguez R, Vitoria Y, Voces R, García López MV, Georgieva RI, Ojeda G, Rodríguez Bailón I, Ruiz Morales J, Cuende AM, Echeverría T, Fuerte A, Gaminde E, Goenaga MÁ, Idígoras P, Iribarren JA, Izaguirre Yarza A, Kortajarena Urkola X, Reviejo C, Carrasco R, Climent V, Llamas P, Merino E, Plazas J, Reus S, Álvarez N, Bravo-Ferrer JM, Castelo L, Cuenca J, Llinares P, Miguez Rey E, Rodríguez Mayo M, Sánchez E, Sousa Regueiro D, Martínez FJ, Alonso MDM, Castro B, García Rosado D, Durán MDC, Miguel Gómez MA, Lacalzada J, Nassar I, Plata Ciezar A, Reguera Iglesias JM, Asensi Álvarez V, Costas C, de la Hera J, Fernández Suárez J, Iglesias Fraile L, León Arguero V, López Menéndez J, Mencia Bajo P, Morales C, Moreno Torrico A, Palomo C, Paya Martínez B, Rodríguez Esteban Á, Rodríguez García R, Telenti Asensio M, Almela M, Ambrosioni J, Azqueta M, Brunet M, Bodro M, Cartañá R, Falces C, Fita G, Fuster D, García de la Mària C, Hernández-Meneses M, Llopis Pérez J, Marco F, Miró JM, Moreno A, Nicolás D, Ninot S, Quintana E, Paré C, Pereda D, Pericás JM, Pomar JL, Ramírez J, Rovira I, Sandoval E, Sitges M, Soy D, Téllez A, Tolosana JM, Vidal B, Vila J, Adán I, Bermejo J, Bouza E, Celemín D, Cuerpo Caballero G, Delgado Montero A, Fernández Cruz A, García Mansilla A, García Leoni ME, González Ramallo V, Kestler Hernández M, Hualde AM, Marín M, Martínez-Sellés M, Menárguez MC, Muñoz P, Rincón C, Rodríguez-Abella H, Rodríguez-Créixems M, Pinilla B, Pinto Á, Valerio M, Vázquez P, Verde Moreno E, Antorrena I, Loeches B, Martín Quirós A, Moreno M, Ramírez U, Rial Bastón V, Romero M, Saldaña A, Agüero Balbín J, Amado C, Armiñanzas Castillo C, Arnaiz García A, Cobo Belaustegui M, Fariñas MC, Fariñas-Álvarez C, Gómez Izquierdo R, García I, González-Rico C, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Gutiérrez Díez J, Pajarón M, Parra JA, Sarralde A, Teira R, Zarauza J, Domínguez F, García Pavía P, González J, Orden B, Ramos A, Centella T, Hermida JM, Moya JL, Martín-Dávila P, Navas E, Oliva E, Del Río A, Ruiz S, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Almendro Delia M, Araji O, Barquero JM, Calvo Jambrina R, de Cueto M, Gálvez Acebal J, Méndez I, Morales I, López-Cortés LE, de Alarcón A, García E, Haro JL, Lepe JA, López F, Luque R, Alonso LJ, Azcárate P, Azcona Gutiérrez JM, Blanco JR, García-Álvarez L, Oteo JA, Sanz M, de Benito N, Gurguí M, Pacho C, Pericas R, Pons G, Álvarez M, Fernández AL, Martínez A, Prieto A, Regueiro B, Tijeira E, Vega M, Canut Blasco A, Cordo Mollar J, Gainzarain Arana JC, García Uriarte O, Martín López A, Ortiz de Zárate Z, Urturi Matos JA, García Domínguez G, Sánchez-Porto A, Arribas Leal JM, García Vázquez E, Hernández Torres A, Blázquez A, de la Morena Valenzuela G, Alonso Á, Aramburu J, Calvo FE, Moreno Rodríguez A, Tarabini-Castellani P, Heredero Gálvez E, Maicas Bellido C, Largo Pau J, Sepúlveda MA, Toledano Sierra P, Iqbal-Mirza SZ, Cascales Alcolea E, Egea Serrano P, Hernández Roca JJ, Keituqwa Yañez I, Peláez Ballesta A, Soriano V, Moreno Escobar E, Peña Monje A, Sánchez Cabrera V, Vinuesa García D, Arrizabalaga Asenjo M, Cifuentes Luna C, Núñez Morcillo J, Pérez Seco MC, Villoslada Gelabert A, Aured Guallar C, Fernández Abad N, García Mangas P, Matamala Adell M, Palacián Ruiz MP, Porres JC, Alcaraz Vidal B, Cobos Trigueros N, Del Amor Espín MJ, Giner Caro JA, Jiménez Sánchez R, Jimeno Almazán A, Ortín Freire A, Viqueira González M, Pericás Ramis P, Ribas Blanco MÁ, Ruiz de Gopegui Bordes E, Vidal Bonet L, Bellón Munera MC, Escribano Garaizabal E, Tercero Martínez A, Segura Luque JC. Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 64:63-71. [PMID: 30904433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. METHODS Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. RESULTS A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32-3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39-1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16-1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Armiñanzas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Concepción Fariñas-Alvarez
- Division of Health Care Quality, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - Jesús Zarauza
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor González Ramallo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospitalización a Domicilio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Martínez Sellés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Universidad Europea, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Mª Miró Meda
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Pericás
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona-IDIBAPS. Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Goenaga
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donosti, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ojeda Burgos
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Regino Rodríguez Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco, País Vasco, Spain.
| | - Laura Castelo Corral
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Hospitalario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Gálvez-Acebal
- JUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Carmen Fariñas
- Maria Carmen Fariñas, Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana María Cuende
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tomás Echeverría
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Fuerte
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gaminde
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Idígoras
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Reviejo
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Joaquín Plazas
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Reus
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nemesio Álvarez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Laura Castelo
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Cuenca
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pedro Llinares
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Efrén Sánchez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Costas
- Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Palomo
- Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Almela
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Azqueta
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Brunet
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bodro
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Cartañá
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Falces
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermina Fita
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fuster
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francesc Marco
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Nicolás
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ninot
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Quintana
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Paré
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pereda
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M Pericás
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Pomar
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramírez
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Rovira
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sandoval
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Soy
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Téllez
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Tolosana
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Vidal
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Adán
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Celemín
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mercedes Marín
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Muñoz
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rincón
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Blanca Pinilla
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Pinto
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Vázquez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Mar Moreno
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iván García
- Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramón Teira
- Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Zarauza
- Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soledad Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Omar Araji
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Irene Méndez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Emilio García
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Luque
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mercé Gurguí
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roser Pericas
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pons
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Álvarez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A L Fernández
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - E Tijeira
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marino Vega
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Blázquez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia, Spain
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Ziarrusta H, Ribbenstedt A, Mijangos L, Picart-Armada S, Perera-Lluna A, Prieto A, Izagirre U, Benskin JP, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N. Amitriptyline at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration Alters the Profile of Metabolites Beyond Monoamines in Gilt-Head Bream. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:965-977. [PMID: 30702171 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant amitriptyline is a widely used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is found in the aquatic environment. The present study investigates alterations in the brain and the liver metabolome of gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) after exposure at an environmentally relevant concentration (0.2 µg/L) of amitriptyline for 7 d. Analysis of variance-simultaneous component analysis is used to identify metabolites that distinguish exposed from control animals. Overall, alterations in lipid metabolism suggest the occurrence of oxidative stress in both the brain and the liver-a common adverse effect of xenobiotics. However, alterations in the amino acid arginine are also observed. These are likely related to the nitric oxide system that is known to be associated with the mechanism of action of antidepressants. In addition, changes in asparagine and methionine levels in the brain and pantothenate, uric acid, and formylisoglutamine/N-formimino-L-glutamate levels in the liver could indicate variation of amino acid metabolism in both tissues; and the perturbation of glutamate in the liver implies that the energy metabolism is also affected. These results reveal that environmentally relevant concentrations of amitriptyline perturb a fraction of the metabolome that is not typically associated with antidepressant exposure in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-13. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Ribbenstedt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Sergio Picart-Armada
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Perera-Lluna
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Rosende M, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Martorell G, Miró M. Automatic Mesofluidic System Combining Dynamic Gastrointestinal Bioaccessibility with Lab-on-Valve-Based Sorptive Microextraction for Risk Exposure of Organic Emerging Contaminants in Filter-Feeding Organisms. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5739-5746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Rosende
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Gabriel Martorell
- Serveis Cientificotècnics, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Mijangos L, Ziarrusta H, Ros O, Kortazar L, Fernández LA, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Prieto A, Etxebarria N. Occurrence of emerging pollutants in estuaries of the Basque Country: Analysis of sources and distribution, and assessment of the environmental risk. Water Res 2018; 147:152-163. [PMID: 30308374 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spatial and temporal-distribution of 41-multiclass organic compounds were assessed in three estuaries of the Basque Country, from winter 2016 to winter 2017 by grab (active) sampling methods and an extra campaign combining both, grab and passive sampling methods. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents were also evaluated to assess their impact on the estuaries. Moreover, the physicochemical features (phosphate and nitrate concentrations, pH, etc.) of each site were measured and included in the statistical analysis. Anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac and acetaminophen), hypertensive drugs (irbesartan and valsartan), a stimulant (caffeine), an artificial sweetener (acesulfame) and a corrosion inhibitor (2-hydroxybenzothiazole) were the most ubiquitous compounds. Due to the stratification of the waters in the estuary of Bilbao two independent sources were identified: WWTP and harbour activities. In the case of Gernika and Plentzia, both are estuaries with a high tidal dilution, and the main sources were localized in the effluents of the WWTPs. In addition to this, the use of POCIS provides an efficient way to monitor emerging pollutants over a relatively long sampling period. Finally, risk quotient (RQ) values of each contaminant were estimated from the maximum values determined at each estuary and WWTP effluent for acute and chronic effects. In the case of acute toxicity the highest RQ values (»1) were obtained for the angiotensin II receptor blockers (telmisartan, eprosartan, etc.), diuron and diclofenac. In the case of the chronic toxicity the highest RQ values (»1) were estimated for caffeine, diclofenac, bezafibrate and sulfadiazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Oihana Ros
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Leire Kortazar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luis Angel Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Mijangos L, Ziarrusta H, Zabaleta I, Usobiaga A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Prieto A. Multiresidue analytical method for the determination of 41 multiclass organic pollutants in mussel and fish tissues and biofluids by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:493-506. [PMID: 30478518 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the full optimisation and validation procedure to analyse a wide set of emerging organic contaminants in biotissues (mussel and fish muscle, liver, gills and brain) and biofluids (fish plasma and bile) is described. The target families include artificial sweeteners, industrial products, hormones, pharmaceutical and personal care products, pesticides and phytoestrogens. Different clean-up strategies (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced (HLB) solid-phase extraction, Florisil solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction followed by HLB solid-phase extraction and microextraction based on polyethersulfone polymer) were evaluated for the clean-up of focused ultrasonic solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) extracts before the analysis by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS). The methods afforded satisfactory apparent recovery values (71-126%) using isotopically labelled analytes and matrix-matched calibration approach, regardless of the matrix. Method detection limits in the range of 4-48 ng/g and 0.3-111 ng/L were obtained for biotissues and biofluids, respectively. The developed method was applied to determine the uptake and tissue distribution in juvenile gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) during 7 days in seawater, and unexpectedly, perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate tended to accumulate in liver and, to a lesser extent, in muscle and gills. Furthermore, real mussel samples collected in the Basque coast were also analysed and the presence of the highly consumed valsartan (7 ng/g) and telmisartan (6.8 ng/g) compounds in bivalves is reported for the first time here. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain. .,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain.
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Itsaso Zabaleta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aresatz Usobiaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.,Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
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Ziarrusta H, Mijangos L, Picart-Armada S, Irazola M, Perera-Lluna A, Usobiaga A, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Non-targeted metabolomics reveals alterations in liver and plasma of gilt-head bream exposed to oxybenzone. Chemosphere 2018; 211:624-631. [PMID: 30098557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of the organic UV filter oxybenzone has led to its ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment, causing an ecotoxicological risk to biota. Although some studies reported adverse effects, such as reproductive toxicity, further research needs to be done in order to assess its molecular effects and mechanism of action. Therefore, in the present work, we investigated metabolic perturbations in juvenile gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) exposed over 14 days via the water to oxybenzone (50 mg/L). The non-targeted analysis of brain, liver and plasma extracts was performed by means of UHPLC-qOrbitrap MS in positive and negative modes with both C18 and HILIC separation. Although there was no mortality or alterations in general physiological parameters during the experiment, and the metabolic profile of brain was not affected, the results of this study showed that oxybenzone could perturb both liver and plasma metabolome. The pathway enrichment suggested that different pathways in lipid metabolism (fatty acid elongation, α-linolenic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism) were significantly altered, as well as metabolites involved in phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism. Overall, these changes are signs of possible oxidative stress and energy metabolism modification. Therefore, this research indicates that oxybenzone has adverse effects beyond the commonly studied hormonal activity, and demonstrates the sensitivity of metabolomics to assess molecular-level effects of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Sergio Picart-Armada
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Irazola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Alexandre Perera-Lluna
- B2SLab, Departament d'Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aresatz Usobiaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Ziarrusta H, Mijangos L, Montes R, Rodil R, Anakabe E, Izagirre U, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Study of bioconcentration of oxybenzone in gilt-head bream and characterization of its by-products. Chemosphere 2018; 208:399-407. [PMID: 29885506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of UV filters such as oxybenzone (OXY) in the aquatic ecosystems has raised social and scientific concern due to their high bioaccumulation potential and possible adverse effects in organisms. Within this context, the aim of the present work was to study the uptake, distribution, metabolization and elimination of OXY in different tissues (liver, gill and muscle) and biofluids (bile and plasma) of gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) in a controlled seawater ecosystem (50 ng/mL OXY) within a 14-day exposure. The highest OXY concentrations in all the tissue/biofluids were found at the end of the experiment. The highest OXY levels were found in bile (1.8-17 μg/mL). In the case of liver, the concentrations found (9-160 ng/g) were lower than those expected for a lipidic matrix, which could be explained by a high OXY metabolization. Up to 20 Phase I and Phase II by-products of OXY were annotated by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, of which 12 were reported for the first time. In addition to OXY, its by-products might also cause adverse effects and their biomonitoring is advisable in order to fully characterize OXY exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Mijangos L, Ziarrusta H, Prieto A, Zugazua O, Zuloaga O, Olivares M, Usobiaga A, Paschke A, Etxebarria N. Evaluation of polar organic chemical integrative and hollow fibre samplers for the determination of a wide variety of organic polar compounds in seawater. Talanta 2018; 185:469-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Díaz P, Varcasia A, Pipia AP, Tamponi C, Sanna G, Prieto A, Ruiu A, Spissu P, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P, Scala A. Molecular characterisation and risk factor analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves from Italy. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3081-3090. [PMID: 30008134 PMCID: PMC7088234 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To provide up-to-date information on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned calves from Sardinia (Italy), the species implicated and their zoonotic potential, 147 faecal samples from 22 cattle herds were microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts; positive isolates were molecularly characterised. A questionnaire was developed to identify risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection. Overall, the percentage of positive calves and farms was 38.8 and 68.2%, respectively. The SSU rRNA-based PCR identified two Cryptosporidium species, Cryptosporidium parvum (95.8%) and C. bovis (4.2%). Sequence analyses of the glycoprotein (gp60) gene revealed that all C. parvum isolates belonged to the subtype family IIa (IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA16G3R1), with the exception of three isolates that belonged to the subtype family IId (IIdA20G1b and IIdA20). Mixed logistic regression results indicated that calves aged 15-21 days were more likely to be Cryptosporidium-positive. The risk of being positive was also significantly higher in herds from Central Sardinia and in farms using non-slatted flooring. In addition, the application of disinfectants and milk replacers was significantly associated with higher Cryptosporidium prevalence. In contrast, the risk of being positive was significantly reduced in halofuginone-treated calves. Our results reveal that a significant percentage of suckling calves are carriers of zoonotic subtypes of C. parvum. Thus, both healthy and diarrhoeic calves younger than 1 month may represent a risk for the transmission of cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Díaz
- Investigation in Animal Health: Galicia (INVESAGA Group), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - A Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A P Pipia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - C Tamponi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Sanna
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Prieto
- Investigation in Animal Health: Galicia (INVESAGA Group), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Ruiu
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sardinia, Oristano, Italy
| | - P Spissu
- Regional Association of Sardinian Farmers, Cagliari, Italy
| | - P Díez-Baños
- Investigation in Animal Health: Galicia (INVESAGA Group), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- Investigation in Animal Health: Galicia (INVESAGA Group), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Scala
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Prieto A, Bernabeu M, Aznar S, Ruiz-Cruz S, Bravo A, Queiroz MH, Juárez A. Evolution of Bacterial Global Modulators: Role of a Novel H-NS Paralogue in the Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strain 042. mSystems 2018; 3:e00220-17. [PMID: 29577085 PMCID: PMC5861252 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00220-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genomes sometimes contain genes that code for homologues of global regulators, the function of which is unclear. In members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, cells express the global regulator H-NS and its paralogue StpA. In Escherichia coli, out of providing a molecular backup for H-NS, the role of StpA is poorly characterized. The enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042 carries, in addition to the hns and stpA genes, a third gene encoding an hns paralogue (hns2). We present in this paper information about its biological function. Transcriptomic analysis has shown that the H-NS2 protein targets a subset of the genes targeted by H-NS. Genes targeted by H-NS2 correspond mainly with horizontally transferred (HGT) genes and are also targeted by the Hha protein, a fine-tuner of H-NS activity. Compared with H-NS, H-NS2 expression levels are lower. In addition, H-NS2 expression exhibits specific features: it is sensitive to the growth temperature and to the nature of the culture medium. This novel H-NS paralogue is widespread within the Enterobacteriaceae. IMPORTANCE Global regulators such as H-NS play key relevant roles enabling bacterial cells to adapt to a changing environment. H-NS modulates both core and horizontally transferred (HGT) genes, but the mechanism by which H-NS can differentially regulate these genes remains to be elucidated. There are several instances of bacterial cells carrying genes that encode homologues of the global regulators. The question is what the roles of these proteins are. We noticed that the enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042 carries a new hitherto uncharacterized copy of the hns gene. We decided to investigate why this pathogenic E. coli strain requires an extra H-NS paralogue, termed H-NS2. In our work, we show that H-NS2 displays specific expression and regulatory properties. H-NS2 targets a subset of H-NS-specific genes and may help to differentially modulate core and HGT genes by the H-NS cellular pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Prieto
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Bernabeu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Aznar
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Ruiz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. H. Queiroz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Juárez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Ziarrusta H, Mijangos L, Irazola M, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Anakabe E, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Ciprofloxacin by-products in seawater environment in the presence and absence of gilt-head bream. Chemosphere 2018; 197:560-568. [PMID: 29407818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pharmaceuticals has caused a growing concern on the presence of pharmaceuticals such as the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) in the aquatic environment, since they may exert adverse effects on non-target organisms, including fish. In order to study the uptake, distribution in different tissues (liver, muscle, brain and gill) and biofluids (plasma and bile), metabolism and elimination of CIPRO in gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata), controlled dosing experiments for 8 days at 200 μg/L concentration were carried out. CIPRO was only observed in bile at concentration up to 315 ± 4 ng/mL, probably due to its low octanol-water partition coefficient (log P = -2.4 at pH 7.4) and the zwitterionic behavior (pKa1 = 5.76 and pKa2 = 8.68). CIPRO by-products (BPs) were also identified in seawater environment, both in presence and absence of fish. The analysis done by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap) permitted the annotation of up to 35 BPs of CIPRO in seawater and bile, from which 30 structures were reported for the first time. These results confirm that CIPRO is very susceptible to photolysis, and that it goes through various phase I and phase II metabolisms in the fish. All these results suggested that, for a complete characterization of CIPRO exposure, BPs should also be included in the biomonitoring campaigns since they might also be toxicologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mireia Irazola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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50
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Hüttener M, Prieto A, Aznar S, Dietrich M, Paytubi S, Juárez A. Tetracycline alters gene expression in Salmonella strains that harbor the Tn10 transposon. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:202-209. [PMID: 29393572 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we show that bacterial plasmids that harbor the Tn10 transposon (i.e., the IncHI1 plasmid R27) modify expression of different Salmonella regulons responding to the presence of tetracycline (Tc) in the medium. By using as a model the Tc-dependent upregulation of the ibpAB operon (which belongs to the heat shock regulon), we have identified Tn10-tetA (coding for a Tc efflux pump) and adjacent tetC sequences as required for ibpAB upregulation. Characterization of transcripts in the tetAC region showed that tetA transcription can continue into tetC sequences, generating a long 3'UTR sequence, which can protect transcripts from RNA processing, thus increasing the expression of TetA protein. In the presence of Tc, the DnaK and IbpA chaperones are overexpressed and translocated to the periplasm and to the membrane fraction respectively. DnaK targeting unfolded proteins is known to induce heat shock by avoiding RpoH proteolysis. We correlate expression levels of Tn10-encoded TetA protein with heat shock induction in Salmonella, likely because TetA activity compromises protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hüttener
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Prieto
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Aznar
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dietrich
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paytubi
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Juárez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and technology, Barcelona, Spain
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