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Akil Prasath RV, Mohanraj R, Balaramdas KR, Jhony Kumar Tagore A, Raja P, Rajasekaran A. Characterization of carbon fluxes, stock and nutrients in the sacred forest groves and invasive vegetation stands within the human dominated landscapes of a tropical semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4513. [PMID: 38402350 PMCID: PMC10894248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the semi-arid plains of Southern India, outside the protected area network, sacred groves forests and the barren lands invaded by Prosopis juliflora are reckoned to be the major greenery, but have homogenous and heterogeneous vegetation respectively. This study attempted to compare 50 Sacred Groves Stands (SGS) and 50 monodominant Prosopis juliflora Stands (PJS) for the functional diversity, evenness, floral diversity, carbon stock and dynamics, carbon-fixing traits, dendrochronology of trees, soil nutrient profiles, and soil erosion. Quadrat sample survey was adopted to record stand density, species richness, abundance, basal area and leaf area index; composite soil samples were collected at depths 0-30 cm for nutrient profiling (N, P, K, and OC). Photosynthesis rate (µmole co2 m2/sec), air temperature (°c), leaf intracellular co2 concentration (ppm), ambient photosynthetic active radiation (µmole m2/sec), transpiration rate (m. mole H2O m2/sec) were determined for the 51 tree species existed in SGS and PJS using Plant Photosynthesis system. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to derive the carbon sequestering potential and photosynthetic efficiency of eight dominant tree species using vital input parameters, including eco-physiological, morphological, and biochemical characterization. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, in conjunction with ArcGIS Pro and ArcGIS 10.3, was adopted to map soil loss. Carbon source/sink determinations inferred through Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) assessments showed that mature SGS potentially acted as a carbon sink (0.06 ± 0.01 g C/m2/day), while matured PJS acted as a carbon source (-0.34 ± 0.12 g C/m2/day). Soil erosion rates were significantly greater (29.5 ± 13.4 ton/ha/year) in SGS compared to PJS (7.52 ± 2.55 ton/ha/year). Of the eight selected tree species, SEM revealed that trees belonging to the family Fabaceae [Wrightia tinctoria (estimated coefficient: 1.28, p = 0.02) > Prosopis juliflora (1.22, p = 0.01) > Acacia nilotica (1.21, p = 0.03) > Albizia lebbeck (0.97, p = 0.01)] showed comparatively high carbon sequestering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Akil Prasath
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - R Mohanraj
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
| | - K R Balaramdas
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | | | - P Raja
- St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, 641002, India
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Thomas KS, Batchelor JM, Akram P, Chalmers JR, Haines RH, Meakin GD, Duley L, Ravenscroft JC, Rogers A, Sach TH, Santer M, Tan W, White J, Whitton ME, Williams HC, Cheung ST, Hamad H, Wright A, Ingram JR, Levell NJ, Goulding JMR, Makrygeorgou A, Bewley A, Ogboli M, Stainforth J, Ferguson A, Laguda B, Wahie S, Ellis R, Azad J, Rajasekaran A, Eleftheriadou V, Montgomery AA. Randomized controlled trial of topical corticosteroid and home-based narrowband ultraviolet B for active and limited vitiligo: results of the HI-Light Vitiligo Trial. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:828-839. [PMID: 33006767 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the effectiveness of vitiligo treatments is limited. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of (i) handheld narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) and (ii) a combination of potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) and NB-UVB, compared with TCS alone, for localized vitiligo. METHODS A pragmatic, three-arm, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial (9-month treatment, 12-month follow-up). Adults and children, recruited from secondary care and the community, aged ≥ 5 years and with active vitiligo affecting < 10% of skin, were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to receive TCS (mometasone furoate 0·1% ointment + dummy NB-UVB), NB-UVB (NB-UVB + placebo TCS) or a combination (TCS + NB-UVB). TCS was applied once daily on alternating weeks; NB-UVB was administered on alternate days in escalating doses, adjusted for erythema. The primary outcome was treatment success at 9 months at a target patch assessed using the participant-reported Vitiligo Noticeability Scale, with multiple imputation for missing data. The trial was registered with number ISRCTN17160087 on 8 January 2015. RESULTS In total 517 participants were randomized to TCS (n = 173), NB-UVB (n = 169) and combination (n = 175). Primary outcome data were available for 370 (72%) participants. The proportions with target patch treatment success were 17% (TCS), 22% (NB-UVB) and 27% (combination). Combination treatment was superior to TCS: adjusted between-group difference 10·9% (95% confidence interval 1·0%-20·9%; P = 0·032; number needed to treat = 10). NB-UVB alone was not superior to TCS: adjusted between-group difference 5·2% (95% CI - 4·4% to 14·9%; P = 0·29; number needed to treat = 19). Participants using interventions with ≥ 75% expected adherence were more likely to achieve treatment success, but the effects were lost once treatment stopped. Localized grade 3 or 4 erythema was reported in 62 (12%) participants (including three with dummy light). Skin thinning was reported in 13 (2·5%) participants (including one with placebo ointment). CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with home-based handheld NB-UVB plus TCS is likely to be superior to TCS alone for treatment of localized vitiligo. Combination treatment was relatively safe and well tolerated but was successful in only around one-quarter of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J M Batchelor
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Akram
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R H Haines
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G D Meakin
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Duley
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J C Ravenscroft
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rogers
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - T H Sach
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M Santer
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Tan
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J White
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M E Whitton
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S T Cheung
- Cannock Chase Hospital and New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - H Hamad
- Cannock Chase Hospital and New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - A Wright
- St Luke's Hospital, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - J R Ingram
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N J Levell
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - J M R Goulding
- Solihull Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Makrygeorgou
- West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Bewley
- Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - M Ogboli
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Stainforth
- York Hospital, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - A Ferguson
- Royal Derby Hospital and the London Road Community Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - B Laguda
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Wahie
- University Hospital of North Durham, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - R Ellis
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J Azad
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Birmingham City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - A A Montgomery
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Sach TH, Thomas KS, Batchelor JM, Perways A, Chalmers JR, Haines RH, Meakin GD, Duley L, Ravenscroft JC, Rogers A, Santer M, Tan W, White J, Whitton ME, Williams HC, Cheung ST, Hamad H, Wright A, Ingram JR, Levell N, Goulding JMR, Makrygeorgou A, Bewley A, Ogboli M, Stainforth J, Ferguson A, Laguda B, Wahie S, Ellis R, Azad J, Rajasekaran A, Eleftheriadou V, Montgomery AA. An economic evaluation of the randomized controlled trial of topical corticosteroid and home-based narrowband ultraviolet B for active and limited vitiligo (the HI-Light Vitiligo Trial). Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:840-848. [PMID: 32920824 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic evidence for vitiligo treatments is absent. OBJECTIVES To determine the cost-effectiveness of (i) handheld narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and (ii) a combination of topical corticosteroid (TCS) and NB-UVB compared with TCS alone for localized vitiligo. METHODS Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic, three-arm, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial with 9 months' treatment. In total 517 adults and children (aged ≥ 5 years) with active vitiligo affecting < 10% of skin were recruited from secondary care and the community and were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive TCS, NB-UVB or both. Cost per successful treatment (measured on the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale) was estimated. Secondary cost-utility analyses measured quality-adjusted life-years using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions 5 Levels for those aged ≥ 11 years and the Child Health Utility 9D for those aged 5 to < 18 years. The trial was registered with number ISRCTN17160087 on 8 January 2015. RESULTS The mean ± SD cost per participant was £775 ± 83·7 for NB-UVB, £813 ± 111.4 for combination treatment and £600 ± 96·2 for TCS. In analyses adjusted for age and target patch location, the incremental difference in cost for combination treatment compared with TCS was £211 (95% confidence interval 188-235), corresponding to a risk difference of 10·9% (number needed to treat = 9). The incremental cost was £1932 per successful treatment. The incremental difference in cost for NB-UVB compared with TCS was £173 (95% confidence interval 151-196), with a risk difference of 5·2% (number needed to treat = 19). The incremental cost was £3336 per successful treatment. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment, compared with TCS alone, has a lower incremental cost per additional successful treatment than NB-UVB only. Combination treatment would be considered cost-effective if decision makers are willing to pay £1932 per additional treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Sach
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J M Batchelor
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Perways
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R H Haines
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G D Meakin
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Duley
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J C Ravenscroft
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rogers
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Santer
- Primary Care, Population Sciences & Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - W Tan
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J White
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M E Whitton
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S T Cheung
- Cannock Chase Hospital and New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - H Hamad
- Cannock Chase Hospital and New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - A Wright
- St Luke's Hospital, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - J R Ingram
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Levell
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - J M R Goulding
- Solihull Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Makrygeorgou
- West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Bewley
- Whipps Cross Hospital and The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Ogboli
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Stainforth
- York Hospital, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - A Ferguson
- Royal Derby Hospital and the London Road Community Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - B Laguda
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Wahie
- University Hospital of North Durham, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Durham, UK
| | - R Ellis
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J Azad
- The James Cook University Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Birmingham City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - A A Montgomery
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Knight T, Edwards L, Rajasekaran A, Clare S, Lasserson D. Point-of-care lung ultrasound in the assessment of suspected COVID-19: a retrospective service evaluation with a severity score. Acute Med 2020; 19:192-200. [PMID: 33215172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Point-of-care lung ultrasound (POCUS) has been advocated as a tool to assess the severity of COVID19 and thereby aid risk stratification. METHODS We conducted a retrospective service evaluation between the 3rd March and the 5th May 2020 to describe and characterise the use of POCUS within an acute care pathway designed specifically for the assessment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19. A novel POCUS severity scale was formulated by assessing pleural and interstitial abnormalities within six anatomical zones (three for each lung). An aggregated score was calculated for each patient and evaluated as a marker of disease severity using standard metrics of discriminatory performance. RESULTS POCUS was performed in the assessment of 100 patients presenting with suspected COVID-19. POCUS was consistent with COVID-19 infection in 92% (n = 92) of the patients assessed. Severity, as assessed by POCUS, showed good discriminatory performance to predict all-cause inpatient mortality, death or critical care admission, and escalated oxygen requirements (AUC .80, .80, 82). The risk of all-cause mortality in patients with scores in lowest quartile was 2.5% (95%CI 0.12- 12.95) compared with 42.9% (95CI 15.8 - 75.0%) in the highest quartile. POCUS assessed severity correlated with length of stay and duration of supplemental oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION A simple aggregated score formed by the summating the degree of pleural and interstitial change within six anatomical lung zones showed good discriminatory performance in predicting a range of adverse outcomes in patients with suspected COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Knight
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - L Edwards
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Clare
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Lasserson
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Department of Acute Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bellet M, Gray K, Francis P, Láng I, Ciruelos E, Lluch A, Ángel Climent M, Catalán G, Avella A, Bohn U, González-Martin A, Zaman K, Ferrer R, Azaro A, Rajasekaran A, De la Peña L, Fleming G, Regan MM. Abstract P4-14-01: Estrogen levels in premenopausal patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant triptorelin (Trip) plus exemestane (E) or tamoxifen (T) in the SOFT trial: SOFT-EST substudy final analysis. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-14-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Optimal endocrine therapy for premenopausal pts with early HR+ BC may depend on complete estrogen suppression with GnRH analog, which is crucial when using concurrent aromatase inhibitors (AIs). SOFT-EST is a prospective substudy of the phase 3 SOFT trial aiming to describe estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estrone sulphate (E1S) during the first 4 years (y) of monthly Trip+E/T and to assess if there were suboptimally estrogen suppressed (SES) pts in the E+Trip group. Secondary objectives included associations of baseline (BL) factors with SES, early SES with later SES, and SES with disease-free survival (DFS; exploratory objective).
Methods: Patients from select centers who consented and enrolled in SOFT, selected Trip as ovarian function suppression method, and were randomized to E+Trip or T+Trip were eligible for SOFT-EST until the accrual goal (120 pts: 90 E+Trip; 30 T+Trip). Prem status for SOFT eligibility was based on local E2. Blood sampling timepoints were 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 & 48 months (m) until Trip stopped. Serum estrogens were measured centrally by high specificity/sensitivity GC/MSMS and were not available during the study. For 4y analyses, SES was defined as E2 levels >2.72 pg/mL in ≥2 post-BL samples (E2 levels not consistent with postmenopausal (PM) status on AIs [Smith IE, JCO 2006]), or vaginal bleeding >3m after Trip start, or pregnancy. We explored 2 additional cutoffs: >10 pg/mL (clearly inconsistent with PM status on AIs) and >20 pg/mL (inconsistent with GnRH analog-related PM status). The analysis is intention-to-treat based on E/T assignment; as-treated analyses are forthcoming.
Results: From Mar 2009 to Jan 2011,109 pts (E/T=83/26) started Trip and had ≥2 samples drawn. In pts assigned E+Trip, median reductions from BL in E1, E2 and E1S were >95% at all timepoints and significantly lower than in T+Trip. Post-BL E2 geometric mean ranged 0.8-1.3 pg/mL in E+Trip and 16.5-18.3 pg/mL in T+Trip. 21 (25%), 11 (13%) and 6 (7%) pts assigned to E+Trip had E2>2.72, >10, and >20 pg/mL in ≥2 post BL samples or vaginal bleeding (n=3), respectively. Early SES [(≥1 E2 value >2.72 pg/mL or vaginal bleeding in the firsty] predicted later SES [≥1 E2 value >2.72 or vaginal bleeding thereafter (n=1); p<0.001]. BL factors related to SES were higher E2, lower FSH and lower LH values (p=0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). 12m FSH levels were not related to SES. In pts assigned E+Trip, after 6y median follow-up, DFS events were seen in 0 of 21 pts with SES vs 5 of 62 pts without SES.
Conclusions: Most pts on E+Trip had a profound E2 drop consistent with postmenopausal status on AI, but >20% assigned to E+Trip had ≥2 E2 values >2.72 pg/mL and 4% had vaginal bleeding, with those having higher E2, lower FSH/LH at BL being at higher risk. SES at 12m predicted subsequent SES. Few DFS events limit the ability to assess clinical relevance of SES with disease outcomes.
BL characteristicsN-109Prior chemo60 (55%)Amenorrhea39 (36%)Age <35y8 (7%) Median (range)Age, y44 (25-53)BMI, kg/m224 (22-28)Estrogen (pg/mL) E252 (7-119)E141 (24-70)E1S894 (304-1320)FSH/LH (IU/L) FSH15 (7-47)LH11 (6-26)
Citation Format: Bellet M, Gray K, Francis P, Láng I, Ciruelos E, Lluch A, Ángel Climent M, Catalán G, Avella A, Bohn U, González-Martin A, Zaman K, Ferrer R, Azaro A, Rajasekaran A, De la Peña L, Fleming G, Regan MM. Estrogen levels in premenopausal patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant triptorelin (Trip) plus exemestane (E) or tamoxifen (T) in the SOFT trial: SOFT-EST substudy final analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellet
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Gray
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Francis
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Láng
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Ciruelos
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Lluch
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Ángel Climent
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Catalán
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Avella
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Bohn
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A González-Martin
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Zaman
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Ferrer
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Azaro
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Rajasekaran
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L De la Peña
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Fleming
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - MM Regan
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
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Johansson H, Gandini S, Aristarco V, Macis D, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Serrano D, Pruneri G, Lazzeroni M, Viale G, Toesca A, Rajasekaran A, Bonanni B, DeCensi A. Abstract P4-08-05: Impact of common polymorphisms of CYP19A1 and UGT2B17 gene deletion on early endocrine-responsive postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p4-08-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms of genes involved in estrogen production have been linked to breast cancer risk, prognosis and treatment response. Polymorphisms of the aromatase gene CYP19A1 influence its activity. The UGT2B17 catalyzes glucuronic acid transfer to a variety of substrates, including steroids and drugs like the aromatase inhibitor exemestane. We investigated the impact of two variants of CYP19A1 (rs10046, rs4646) and the UGT2B17 gene deletion on disease outcome in 125 postmenopausal women operated for ER-positive primary breast cancer enrolled in a randomized pre-surgical trial.
Patients Briefly, upon informed consent, postmenopausal patients with ER-positive breast cancer (stage T1–2, N0–1, M0) eligible for surgery were randomized to receive either exemestane (25 mg/day), or celecoxib (800 mg/day), or placebo for 6 weeks prior to surgery at the European Institute of Oncology (2004-2008). Exemestane showed a significant 10% absolute reduction in Ki67 labeling index compared to the other two arms. Serum and whole blood was taken at baseline and the day before surgery and stored at -80°C until assayed.
Methods DNA was extracted from blood by QIAamp DNA Blood Kits. The CYP19A1 rs1004/rs46466 were analyzed by Taqman genotyping assays in real-time PCR. The UGT2B17 deletion was estimated by copy number assay (Lifetechnologies). Serum estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) levels were measured by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection (GS-MS/MS) after liquid-liquid extraction. The lower limit of quantitation were 0.625 pg/mL for estradiol and 1.56 pg/mL for estrone. The association of genetic polymorphisms with “any event” was assessed by the Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders.
Results The genetic polymorphisms did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P-value >0.41) and minor allele frequency of rs10046 (A/G), rs4646 (C/A), and UGT2B17Del were 0.45, 0.22, and 0.31, respectively. The rs10046 A and rs4646 C alleles were associated with higher estrogen levels. Carriers of rs10046 AA had median levels of 7.57 pg/ml E2 and 35.9 pg/mL E1 versus 3,9 pg/mL E2 and 27.4 E1 pg/mL in CA/AA genotypes (P<0.003). Carriers of rs4646 CC had 5.6 pg/ml E2 and 30.45 pg/mL E1 versus 3,95 pg/mL E2 and 27.4 E1 pg/mL in CA/AA genotypes (P=0.05 only for E1). After 6 weeks treatment with exemestane, we observed steeper decreases in estrogen levels in the rs10046 AA/rs4646 CC carriers (P=0.02 for E2). After a median follow-up of 7 years we found that women carrying at least one SNP of rs10046 and one SNP of rs4646 had a better prognosis compared with women carrying homozygote wt SNPs (HR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.2-0.99 P=0.049). Similarly, the UGT2B17 deletion was associated with a better prognosis (HR= 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.97; P=0.0439). There was no interaction with pre-surgical or adjuvant treatment.
Conclusions Our analysis confirms previous findings of an association of CYP19A1 rs10046/rs4646 with estrogen levels in postmenopausal women. Interestingly, the carriers of the variants associated with lower estrogen levels at diagnosis had better prognosis. Further genomic profiling in larger trials aimed to enhance tailored treatment efficacy in endocrine-responsive postmenopausal breast cancer are warranted.
Citation Format: Johansson H, Gandini S, Aristarco V, Macis D, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Serrano D, Pruneri G, Lazzeroni M, Viale G, Toesca A, Rajasekaran A, Bonanni B, DeCensi A. Impact of common polymorphisms of CYP19A1 and UGT2B17 gene deletion on early endocrine-responsive postmenopausal breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Johansson
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Gandini
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Aristarco
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Macis
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Guerrieri-Gonzaga
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Serrano
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Pruneri
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Lazzeroni
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Viale
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Toesca
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rajasekaran
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - B Bonanni
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - A DeCensi
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; inVentiv Health,, USA, Princeton, NJ; E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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Ramachandran S, Faisal TK, Anjumary J, Rajasekaran A, Asokkumar K, Annadurai K, Arivukkarasu R, Sharma RK, Shankar MB. Comparative evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of various extract of Anogeissus latifolia bark in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Complement Integr Med 2017; 14:/j/jcim.2017.14.issue-3/jcim-2016-0130/jcim-2016-0130.xml. [PMID: 28889731 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Anogeissus latifolia Wall. (A. latifolia) bark has been traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases which includes diabetes and general debility. The present study was aimed to investigate the comparative hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of various extracts of A. latifolia bark in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Methods Acute toxicity was carried out at 2 g/kg dose of petroleum ether extract of A. latifolia bark (PEALB), chloroform extract of A. latifolia bark (CEALB) and methanol extract of A. latifolia bark (MEALB) in rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) and it was confirmed at 72 h. Diabetic rats received above extracts at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses for 28 days. Body weight and blood glucose level were determined at every week after the treatment schedule. Serum biochemical parameters and lipid profile levels were estimated at the end of the study. Results PEALB, CEALB and MEALB were non-toxic and no death was observed at 2 g/kg dose. Administration of MEALB at 100 and 200 mg/kg showed significant (p< 0.01, p< 0.05) improvement in body weight and reduction in blood glucose at third and fourth week of treatment. Altered serum biochemical parameters and lipid profiles level were brought to near normal level significantly (p<0.001) compared to diabetic control rats after the administration of both doses of MEALB. However, PEALB and CEALB did not exhibit significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity. Conclusions Our findings revealed that long-term (28 days) treatment of MEALB possesses significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity compared to PEALB and CEALB in type 1 diabetic rats and given evidence to the traditional use of A. latifolia bark in diabetes.
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Rajasekaran A, Sivakumar KK, Sureshkumar K, Manjushree M. Design, synthesis, characterisation and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of some hybridized triazole scaffolds. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Rahate KP, Rajasekaran A. Hepatoprotection by active fractions from Desmostachya bipinnata stapf (L.) against tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:311-5. [PMID: 26069370 PMCID: PMC4450558 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.157130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of the polyphenolic fraction of Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf (PFDB) (Poaceae) on tamoxifen (TAM)-induced liver damage in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The roots of Desmostachya bipinnata were extracted in 70% methanol, and the polyphenolic fraction was isolated. Protection of BRL3A cells against ethanol-induced damage was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by oral administration of TAM (45 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. The PFDB was administered to experimental animals at two selected doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) during the treatment. The serum levels of various biochemical parameters and the antioxidant enzymes were examined by standard procedures. Results: A dose-dependent increase in percentage viability was observed when ethanol-exposed BRL3A cells were treated with PFDB. Both the treatment groups upon pretreatment with PFDB exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.05) protective effect by lowering serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatinin levels and improving protein level in serum in dose-dependent manner, which was comparable to that of silymarin group. In addition, PFDB prevented elevation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the TAM-intoxicated rats in concentration-dependent manner and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological reports, which showed the attenuation of hepatocellular necrosis. Conclusions: The results of this study strongly indicate that the polyphenolic fraction of the plant roots has a potent hepatoprotective action against TAM-induced hepatic damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Rajasekaran
- Research Scholar, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
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Rajasekaran A, Shivakumar V, Kalmady SV, Narayanaswamy JC, Venugopal D, Amaresha AC, Venkatasubramanian G, Debnath M. Soluble human leukocyte antigen (sHLA)-G levels may predict early onset of schizophrenia in male patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:36-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajasekaran
- Department of Human Genetics; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - V. Shivakumar
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Department of Psychiatry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - S. V. Kalmady
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Department of Psychiatry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - J. C. Narayanaswamy
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Department of Psychiatry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - D. Venugopal
- Department of Human Genetics; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - A. C. Amaresha
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - G. Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory; Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
- Department of Psychiatry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
| | - M. Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Bangalore India
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Ramachandran S, Rajasekaran A, Manisenthilkumar KT. Investigation of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:262-8. [PMID: 23569911 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats. RESULTS Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats. CONCLUSIONS Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.
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Rajasekaran A, Kalaivani M. Protective effect of Monascus fermented rice against STZ-induced diabetic oxidative stress in kidney of rats. J Food Sci Technol 2015; 52:1434-43. [PMID: 25745211 PMCID: PMC4348320 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, anti-diabetic activity and nephroprotective effect of MMFR was evaluated by using STZ-induced diabetic rats. Administration of MMFR at 100 and 200 mg/kg bw showed significant (P < 0.01) anti-hyperglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose level, HbA1C and increasing body weight. Altered lipid profiles in diabetic rats were restored to normal level on treatment with MMFR and showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the elevated levels of biochemical parameters. MMFR produced significant (P < 0.01) improvement in antioxidant levels in kidney. Food safety of MFR produced by using mutant Monascus purpureus 254 (MMFR) was evaluated for genotoxicity and oral acute toxicity. In Ames mutagenicity assay MMFR doesn't showed any toxicity to the test strain S. typhimurium till 5 mg/plate. Acute toxicity study also recorded no toxicity till the dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw. The study concluded that MMFR, not only possess anti-diabetic activity but also prevents nephropathy and hypercholesterolemia due to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Kalaivani
- />Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201 002 India
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Ramachandran S, Rajasekaran A. Blood glucose-lowering effect of Tectona grandis flowers in type 2 diabetic rats: a study on identification of active constituents and mechanisms for antidiabetic action. J Diabetes 2014; 6:427-37. [PMID: 24393489 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ayurveda documents antidiabetic activity of Tectona grandis flowers. However, until now, the effects of T. grandis flowers in preclinical models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been unknown. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood glucose-lowering effect of methanol extract of T. grandis flowers (METGF) in T2D rats and to identify possible active constituents as well as the mechanisms for the antidiabetic action. METHODS Rats were rendered diabetic by administration of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg-110 mg/kg, i.p.). After the induction of diabetes, Groups 3 and 4 received METGF (100 and 200 mg/kg respectively) while Group 5 received glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) orally for 4 weeks. Blood glucose and body weight were determined at the end of Weeks 2 and 4. Hemoglobin, HbA1c, total protein, urea, creatinine, insulin, and lipid levels were determined in Week 4. Active constituents in METGF were identified using HPLC analysis. Antidiabetic mechanisms of METGF were evaluated by investigating the insulin sensitizing action and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. RESULTS Both METGF and glibenclamide significantly improved body weight, reduced blood glucose, and normalized altered biochemical parameters (P < 0.001) in T2D rats. The presence of polyphenolic active constituents, such as gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol, in METGF was confirmed by HPLC. In vitro, METGF, gallic acid, quercetin, and rutin exhibited significant (P < 0.001) insulin sensitizing action and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. CONCLUSIONS Polyphenolic active constituents present in METGF are possibly responsible for the blood glucose-lowering effect in T2D rats via an insulin-sensitizing action, as well as inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity.
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Sivakumar KK, Rajasekaran A, Senthilkumar P, Wattamwar PP. Conventional and microwave assisted synthesis of pyrazolone Mannich bases possessing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic effect and antimicrobial properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2940-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kalaivani M, Rajasekaran A. Improvement of monacolin K/citrinin production ratio in Monascus purpureus using UV mutagenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13749-014-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rajasekaran A. Simultaneous Estimation of Luteolin and Apigenin in Methanol Leaf Extract of Bacopa monnieri Linn by HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.9734/bjpr/2014/9009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rajasekaran A. Effect of Blepharis maderaspatensis L. Roth. extracts on serum lipids in Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp11.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sivakumar KK, Rajasekaran A. Synthesis, in-vitro antimicrobial and antitubercular screening of Schiff bases of 3-amino-1-phenyl-4- [2-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) hydrazin-1-ylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-one. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 5:126-35. [PMID: 23833518 PMCID: PMC3697191 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some Schiff bases of 3-amino-1-phenyl-4- [2-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) hydrazin-1-ylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-ones (TZP4a-l) are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectral data. Synthesized compounds were tested in-vitro against four Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacterial strains, three fungal strains and two mycobacterial strains. Title compounds were screened its in-vitro cytotoxicity (IC50) by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using mouse embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH 3T3). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Compounds TZP4 g and TZP4 h were found to be significant activity against Bacillus substilis (bacteria) and Aspergillus niger (fungi). In-vitro anti-tuberculosis (TB) activity of compound TZP4g showed appreciable antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] =0.6.48 × 10−3 μM/mL) which was 1.69 and 3.91 times more active than the standard drug, pyrazinamide (25.38 × 10−3 μM/mL) and streptomycin (MIC = 11.01 × 10−3 μM/mL), respectively. Their in-vitro cytotoxicity (IC50) was determined to establish a selectivity index (SI) (SI = IC50/MIC). Compounds TZP4 c, TZP4 g, and TZP4 h have SI 82.85, 168.88, and 199.07, respectively. CONCLUSION: All the title compounds had mild toxicity on the mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH 3T3 cells (IC50 ≥ 100 μM). In comparison to the results of toxicity and antimycobacterial activity tests, it was observed that the activity of the compounds is not due to general toxicity effect; however, their antimycobacterial activity can be possibly because of their selective antimycobacterial effect. We concluded from our investigations that TZP4 c, TZP4 g, and TZP4 h may be considered promising for the development of new anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sivakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Designer foods are normal foods fortified with health promoting ingredients. These foods are similar in appearance to normal foods and are consumed regularly as a part of diet. In this article we have reviewed the global regulatory status and benefits of available designer foods such as designer egg, designer milk, designer grains, probiotics, designer foods enriched with micro and macronutrients and designer proteins. Designer foods are produced by the process of fortification or nutrification. With the advances in the biotechnology, biofortification of foods using technologies such as recombinant DNA technology and fermentation procedures are gaining advantage in the industry. The ultimate acceptability and extensive use of designer foods depend on proper regulation in the market by the regulatory authorities of the country and by creating consumer awareness about their health benefits through various nationwide programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajasekaran
- />KMCH College of Pharmacy, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore, 641 048 Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- />Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad-201002, Uttar Pradesh India
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Rajasekaran A, Rajamanickam V, Darlinquine S. Synthesis of some new thioxoquinazolinone derivatives and a study on their anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:95-104. [PMID: 23329529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A series of ten novel derivatives of 3-substituted-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones have been synthesized from anthranilic acid via Mannich reaction with various secondary amines in presence of formaldehyde in ice cold condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structure of these compounds have been elucidated by spectral (FTIR, 1H-NMR and mass) analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities. Antimicrobial activities were determined by cup plate method and MIC values using the micro dilution broth method against two Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus aureus, two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris and against two fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Amikacin and fluconazole were used as standard antibacterial and antifungal agents in the concentration of 10 µg/disc 20 µg/disc respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Amongst the compounds tested, compound 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl) (3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1-2H)-1ylmethyl amino)benzoic acid (PTQ-03) and 2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)((3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)amino)benzoic acid (ETQ-03) showed broad spectrum of activity against all the tested Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and the fungi. Anti-convulsant activity of the compounds was evaluated by maximal electro shock (MES) convulsion method. The compounds sodium 2-(2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)(3-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)amino) phenyl acetate (PTQ-04) and N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-((3-naphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydorquinazolin-1(2H)-ylmethyl)acetamide (NTQ-01) showed potent anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajasekaran
- KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
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Rajasekaran A, Devi KS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenylazetidin-1-yl)-3-(2-oxo-2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethyl)urea derivatives. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rajasekaran A, Sivakumar V, Darlinquine S. Role of Blepharis maderaspatensis and Ammannia baccifera plant extracts on in vitro oxygen radical scavenging, secretion of gastric fluid and gastroprotection on ulcer induced rats. Pharm Biol 2012; 50:1085-1095. [PMID: 22881139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.657305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Blepharis maderaspatensis L. Roth (BM) (Acanthaceae) and Ammannia baccifera L. (AB) (Lythraceae) are used in folk medicine for various stomach disorders. OBJECTIVE The chloroform and ethanol extracts of both plants were evaluated for antioxidant, gastric antisecretory, and gastroprotective properties. METHODS Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The gastric antisecretory properties of the extracts were assessed, at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, using aspirin-pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models and the gastroprotective activity of the extracts was assessed, at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, using HCl-ethanol induced ulcer models in rats. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ethanol extract of BM (EBM) possessed good antioxidant property with IC₅₀ values of 37.4 and 44.1 µg/mL in DPPH and NO scavenging assays respectively, where 25-250 µg/mL concentration in DPPH assay and 30-300 µg/mL concentration in NO scavenging assay were used. Ethanol extract of AB (EAB) at a dose of 200 mg/kg reduced the free acidity to 142.66 mEq/L and total acidity to 451.22 mEq/L. It reduced the gastric secretion with increase in pH from 2.2 to 3.15. Possessing good antisecretory activity, it also reduced the ulcer by 92.2% in aspirin and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models. EAB increased the mucus secretion and adherent mucus in the tissues with a 71.43% reduction of ulcerin HCl-ethanol induced ulcer models, at a dose of 200 mg/kg. This activity can be attributed to the various flavonoids like rutin and kaempferol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, and the phytosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, and phenolics present in the extracts. CONCLUSION EBM possessed significant antioxidant property while EAB possessed good antisecretory and gastroprotective activity.
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Rajasekaran A, Periyasamy M. Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats. Chin Med 2012; 7:12. [PMID: 22607721 PMCID: PMC3488019 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichosanthes lobata (family cucurbitaceae) is used to treat malarial fever and liver disorders. This study aims to investigate possible hepatoprotective activities of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar male rats by oral administration, 2 g/kg body weight on 7th day after the administration of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata and silymarin (100 mg/kg). Ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 7 days. Several serum markers, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total protein was measured to assess the effect of the extract on paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatic damage. The study included histopathological examination of liver sections. RESULTS Blood samples from rats treated with ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata (200 mg/kg body weight and 400 mg/kg body weight) had significant reductions in serum markers in paracetamol administered animals, indicating the effect of the extract in restoring the normal functional ability of hepatocytes. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a reference drug. CONCLUSION The ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes lobata exhibits protective effects against paracetamol‒induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyalu Rajasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Kovai Estate, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641 048, India
| | - Muthusamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Kovai Estate, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641 048, India
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Rajasekaran A. Tuberculosis is still a scourge of mankind--why? J Indian Med Assoc 2012; 110:323-324. [PMID: 23360026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on issues and challenges regarding why tuberculosis (TB) remains as horrible scourge to mankind even today that too in the era of nanotechnology. It tries to evoke a uniform consciousness among treating doctorsboth at government and private levels to follow a uniform diagnostic algorithm and treatment protocols which is very much readily available under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) throughout our nation. Even today TB is the singlemost major infectious killer disease which claims 2 deaths in every 3 minutes in India which has one-fifth of global TB burden. The challenges faced are highlighted here like issues of uniformity in treatment, multidrug resistant TB (MDR TB), extensive drug resistant TB (XDR TB), HIV-TB coinfection, diabetes and TB, etc. In spite of nationwide coverage of RNTCP DOTS, every practitioner is not strictly or willfully following the guidelines prescribed. If the guidelines are maintained one hundred per cent with full involvement of Indian Medical Association/Indian Academy of Pediatrics and various other medical organisations then the author can confidently feels that the day is not far to combat and contain the horrible scourge. Time has come that every medical practitioner should take an oath to evolve a uniform consciousness to adhere to the guidelines prescribed under RNTCP DOTS which may prevent the future generation to succumb to the horrible scourge of TB. Shall we?
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Rajasekaran A, Sivakumar V, Darlinquine S. Evaluation of wound healing activity of Ammannia baccifera and Blepharis maderaspatensis leaf extracts on rats. Rev bras farmacogn 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2011005000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ramachandran S, Rajasekaran A, Kumar KTM. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Tectona grandis flowers in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:624-31. [PMID: 21914540 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Tectona grandis (T. grandis) flowers (METGF) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats to supports its traditional use. METHODS Acute toxicity study of METGF was carried out in rat to determine its dose for the antidiabetic study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to evaluate METGF effect on elevated blood glucose level. Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip.) and it was confirmed 72 h after induction. METGF was orally given to the diabetic rats up to 28 days and blood glucose level were estimated each week. On 28 day of the experiment, diabetic rats were sacrificed after the blood collection for the biochemical parameters analysis and liver, kidney was collected to determine antioxidants levels. RESULTS In acute toxicity, METGF did not show toxicity and death up to a dose 2 000 mg/kg in rats. Administration of METGF 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) reduced blood glucose levels in OGTT and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Both doses of METGF treatment significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased body weight, serum insulin, haemoglobin (Hb) and total protein levels in diabetic rats. Also, MEGTF treatment reduced elevated glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and other biochemical parameters levels significantly (P<0.001) in diabetic rats. Altered lipid profiles and antioxidants levels were reversed to near normal in diabetic rats treated with METGF. CONCLUSIONS These results concluded that METGF possesses antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity which supports its traditional use.
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Swamy MN, Yeoman L, Rajasekaran A, Cartwright A. Management of an Open Airway:an unusual presentation. Br J Anaesth 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/el_8275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kumar VS, Navaratnam V, Rajasekaran A, Nair N, Matharasi DSP, Narasimhan S, Ramachandran S. Isolation and characterization of glucosamine from Azadirachta indica leaves: An evaluation of immunostimulant activity in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Ramachandran S, Naveen KR, Rajinikanth B, Akbar M, Rajasekaran A. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and in vivo antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Anogeissus latifolia bark in type 2 diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramachandran S, Rajini kanth B, Rajasekaran A, Manisenthil Kumar KT. Evaluation of anti–inflammatory and analgesic potential of methanol extract of Tectona grandis flowers. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Kalaiselvan V, Kalpeshkumar Shah A, Babulal Patel F, Narendrabhai Shah C, Kalaivani M, Rajasekaran A. Quality assessment of different marketed brands of Dasamoolaristam, an Ayurvedic formulation. Int J Ayurveda Res 2011; 1:10-3. [PMID: 20532091 PMCID: PMC2876925 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7788.59937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Arista is a classical Ayurvedic preparation that is typically used as a digestive and cardiotonic. The present Investigation evaluated five different brands of Dasamoolaristam available in the market as per WHO and Indian Pharmacopoeial specifications. Various physicochemical parameters such as alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, total solid, and alcohol content were determined. The present investigation reveals that all the preparations contain acceptable levels of alcohol (less than 12% v/v). However, the preparations were found to contain unacceptable limits of microbial load although all showed the absence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kalaiselvan
- Department of Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, UP-201 02, India
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Rajasekaran A, Rajamanickam V, Darlinquine S. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of thioxoquinazolinone derivatives. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:1079-84. [PMID: 21720138 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives have been synthesized and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of IR, (1)H-NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopic studies. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by Carrageenan induced rat paw edema method and Eddy's hot plate method respectively. Among the synthesized compounds N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)methyl)acetamide (PTQ01) showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity. N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-N-(3-(naphthalen-2yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)acetamide (NTQ02), N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-((3-naphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydorquinazolin-1(2H)-ylmethyl)acetamide (NTQ01), N-((3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (ETQ01) N-(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-ylmethyl)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (ETQ04), N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-N-((4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)acetamide (PTQ02) and N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-N-(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)acetamide (ETQ02) at a dose of 20 mg/kg exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to that of standard drug diclofenac sodium. The compound 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1-2H)-1ylmethylamino)benzoic acid PTQ03 and sodium 2-(2-((2,6-dichlrophenyl)(3-(4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)amino)phenylacetate (PTQ04) showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds PTQ01, PTQ02, PTQ04, ETQ01 and ETQ02 showed significant analgesic activity compared with that of standard drug pentazocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyalu Rajasekaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India.
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Rashmi, Pant J, Rajasekaran A. HPTLC Fingerprinting Profile of Marker Compound (Berberine) in Roots of Berberis aristata DC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.19.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rajasekaran A, Arivukkarasu R, Murugesh S. Evaluation of antipyretic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Adenema hyssopifolium G. Don in a rat model. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(10)60126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Arul Kumaran KS, Palanisamy S, Rajasekaran A. Development and implementation of patient information leaflets in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-8893.2010.00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rajasekaran A, Arivukkarasu R, Murugesh S. Hepatoprotective Effect of Adenema hyssopifolium G. Don (Gentianaceae) in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. TROP J PHARM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v9i2.53703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kalaivani M, Sabitha R, Kalaiselvan V, Rajasekaran A. Health Benefits and Clinical Impact of Major Nutrient, Red Yeast Rice: A Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-009-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rashmi, Rajasekaran A, Pokhriyal R, Rashmi, Singh YP. Quantitative Estimation of Berberine in Roots of Different provenances ofBerberis aristataDC by HPLC and Study of their Antifungal Properties. Pharmacogn Mag 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.58566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Reckamp KL, Gardner BK, Figlin RA, Elashoff D, Krysan K, Dohadwala M, Inge L, Rajasekaran A, Dubinett SM. Decline in serum soluble E-cadherin and low baseline matrix metalloproteinase-9 are associated with response to combination celecoxib and erlotinib therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7640 Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression may mediate resistance to EGFR TK inhibition through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-dependent promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thomson, et al. reported that the suppression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin led to resistance to erlotinib (Cancer Res 2005;65:9455). In addition, PGE2 downregulates E-cadherin expression by upregulating transcriptional repressors including ZEB1 and Snail, as described by Dohadwala et al (Cancer Res 2006;66:5338). These findings suggest that COX-2 inhibition may enhance the efficacy of EGFR TKI therapy in NSCLC. Methods: A phase I, dose escalation trial to was performed investigating the combination of celecoxib and erlotinib in pts with advanced NSCLC. Soluble E-cadherin (sEC) was evaluated by ELISA in pt serum at baseline and weeks 4 and 8 of treatment. Other markers of COX-2 gene expression were evaluated by ELISA, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP1). Results: 22 pts were enrolled and 21 were evaluable for the determination of the optimal dose, toxicity assessment and response (reported in Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:3381). Here we report serum sEC and MMP-9 levels, which were analyzed according to best response (PR, SD or PD) in 21 pts. SEC was analyzed according to best response (PR, SD or PD). We found a significant decrease in sEC between baseline and week 8 in pts with PR when compared to those with SD or PD (p = 0.021). In pts who responded to the combination therapy, baseline MMP-9 was significantly lower compared to non-responders (p = 0.006). Conclusions: SEC, MMP-9 and other downstream markers of COX-2 gene expression may be useful for assessing response to combination celecoxib and erlotinib in pts with advanced NSCLC. A randomized Phase II trial is planned comparing erlotinib and celecoxib with erlotinib plus placebo in advanced NSCLC, to evaluate the efficacy of this combination therapy and to assess these and other biomarkers in both serum and tumor tissue. Supported by ASCO Young Investigator Award, UCLA Lung Cancer SPORE NCI P50 CA 90388 and GLAVAHS Career Development Award. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Reckamp
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - B. K. Gardner
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R. A. Figlin
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Elashoff
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - K. Krysan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. Dohadwala
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L. Inge
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - A. Rajasekaran
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S. M. Dubinett
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Cui X, Zhang L, Luo J, Rajasekaran A, Hazra S, Cacalano N, Dubinett SM. Unphosphorylated STAT6 contributes to constitutive cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2007; 26:4253-60. [PMID: 17237818 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and contributes to the malignant phenotype. Our data indicate unphosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) may transcriptionally upregulate COX-2 expression and protect against apoptosis in NSCLC cells. In A427 and H2122, NSCLC cell lines that constitutively express COX-2, only unphosphorylated STAT6 was detectable by western blot, thus, all of the following STAT6-dependent effects are attributed to the unphosphorylated protein. In both cell lines, small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of STAT6 or stable expression of dominant-negative STAT6 decreased COX-2 expression. In contrast, transfection with a phosphorylation-deficient mutant STAT6 increased COX-2 levels. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the presence of STAT6 in H2122 nuclei, suggesting a direct role in gene regulation for the unphosphorylated protein. Consistent with this hypothesis, unphosphorylated STAT6 increased luciferase expression from a COX-2 promoter reporter construct. STAT6 co-immunoprecipitated with the transcriptional co-activator, p300, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these proteins bind a consensus STAT6 binding site located within the COX-2 promoter. STAT6 DNA-binding specificity was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. As COX-2 over-expression has been clearly linked to apoptosis resistance and other hallmarks of malignancy, these findings suggest a novel role of unphosphorylated STAT6 in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lung Cancer Research Program of the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
Purpose - To assess an innovative tutoring program named 'Student-Led Objective Tutorial' (SLOT) among undergraduate medical students. Method - The program was conceptualized by the Pharmacology Unit of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asian Institute of Medicine Science & Technology (AIMST), Malaysia and implemented in the middle of 2005. A cohort of 246 medical undergraduate students (spread across 5 consecutive batches) participated. Following a brief explanation on the purpose and nature of SLOT, each batch was divided into small groups and was given a reading assignment on 4 previously delivered lecture topics. Each group was asked to prepare 3-5 multiple choice questions (MCQs) of their own in PowerPoint format to be presented, in turns, to the whole class on the day of SLOT. The proceedings were facilitated by 2 lecturers. Student feedback on the efficacy and benefits were assessed through an anonymous self administered questionnaire. Results - About 76% (188) of the students favored SLOT. The acceptance rate of SLOT was higher among males. There was no significant difference between batches in their opinions on whether to pursue SLOT in future. The most prevalent positive comment was that SLOT enhanced learning skills, and the negative comment being, it consumed more time. Conclusions - SLOT is a novel tutorial method which can offset faculty shortage with advantages like enhanced interest among teachers and learners, uniform reach of content, opportunities for group learning, and involvement of visual aids as teaching-learning (T-L) method. SLOT unraveled the students' potential of peer tutoring both inside as well as outside the classroom. Consumer tutors (students) can be tapped as a resource for SLOT for all subjects and courses in healthcare teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aiyalu Rajasekaran
- c Additional Professor Asian Institute of Medicine, Science & Technology Kedah Darul Aman , Malaysia
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Rajasekaran A, Murugesan S, AnandaRajagopal K. Antibacterial, antifungal and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel newly synthesized 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:535-40. [PMID: 16903071 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanenitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and PMR analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by the cup plate method and anticonvulsant activity evaluated by the maximal electroshock induced convulsion method in mice. All synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Compounds 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone 3d and 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(2-aminophenyl)methanone 3e elicited excellent anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyalu Rajasekaran
- Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
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Rajasekaran A, Thampi PP. Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of Some Substituted-{5- [2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]tetrazol-1-yl}alkanones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200617137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rajasekaran A, Thampi PP. Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of some substituted-{5-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]tetrazol-1-yl}alkanones. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:1359-64. [PMID: 16169128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twelve different derivatives of substituted-{5-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]tetrazol-1-yl}alkanones (3-14) were synthesized by reacting 9-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole (2) and the appropriate acid chlorides. 9-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl) propionitrile (1) with sodium azide and ammonium chloride. The chemical structures were confirmed by means of IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for antinociceptive activity by acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method. 1-Phenyl-2-{5-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]tetrazol-1-yl}ethanone (13) was found to be the most active compound of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajasekaran
- Medicinal Chemistry R & D Laboratory, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626 190, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rajasekaran A, Thampi PP. Synthesis and Analgesic Evaluation of Some 5-[β-(10-Phenothiazinyl)ethyl]-1-(acyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200433179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rajasekaran A, Thampi PP. Synthesis and analgesic evaluation of some 5-[β-(10-phenothiazinyl)ethyl]-1-(acyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:273-9. [PMID: 15051176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2003] [Revised: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 5[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-(acyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles (3-14) have been synthesized via condensation of 5-[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-2,3,4-tetrazole (2) with various acylating/sulphonating reagents. 5-[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-2,3,4-tetrazole was synthesized by cyanoethylation of phenothiazine with acrylonitrile and Triton B, followed by the cycloaddition of 3-(phenothiazin-10-yl)-propionitrile (1) with sodium azide and ammonium chloride. The compounds were screened for analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenicity index. Out of the 12 compounds synthesized, compound (5) 5[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-(benzoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, compound (11) 5[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-(p-tolyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazole showed promising analgesic activity and compound (6) 5[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazole and compound (8) 5[beta-(phenothiazinyl-10-yl)ethyl]-1-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazole showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajasekaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626 190, TamilNadu, India.
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Rajasekaran A, Murugesan S. Stansardisation of sringa bhasma. Anc Sci Life 2002; 21:167-9. [PMID: 22557047 PMCID: PMC3331042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2001] [Accepted: 12/30/2001] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sringa Bhasma is an Ayurvedic medicine prescribed mainly for asthma. Physico chemical studies and thin layer chromatography for this medicine was worked out to laydown standards. The evolved parameters can be used for prescribing dependable standards to this medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajasekaran
- Arulmigu Kalasalingam college of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil – 626 190
| | - S. Murugesan
- Arulmigu Kalasalingam college of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil – 626 190
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