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Kar A, Deole S, Nayak RR, Gupta AK, Gadratagi BG, Patil N, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi G, Mahapatra B, Mahanty A, Adak T. Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide pollution in small streams adjoining paddy fields. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133852. [PMID: 38430593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation was planned to bridge the knowledge gap on spatiotemporal variations of pesticide pollution in small streams adjacent to paddy fields, and to visualize the associated risks in the aquatic ecosystems. We screened 106 pesticides using GCMSMS and LCMSMS from 10 small streams (n = 212, surface water samples) adjacent to paddy fields over seven months. Fifty-five pesticides were detected across different streams and months. The highest mean concentration was detected for fenobucarb (272 ng L-1), followed by thiamethoxam (199 ng L-1). The highest maximum concentration was detected for thiamethoxam ( 13,264 ng L-1), followed by triflumezopyrim ( 11,505 ng L-1). The highest detection frequency was recorded for fenobucarb (80.00%), followed by pretilachlor (79.00%). Out of the ten streams, Attabira stream had the highest mean number of pesticides detected in each sample. Maximum number of pesticides were detected in October followed by September. Pesticides namely, hexaconazole, pretilachlor, tricyclazole, fenobucarb and thiamethoxam were consistently detected across all streams. The risk assessment against the fishes, micro-invertebrates and algae were measured by risk quotient index (RQ). Twenty-five pesticides out of the detected pesticides (n = 55) had risk quotient values greater than 1. The highest RQmax values were observed in case of fenpropathrin followed by cyfluthrin-3. The highest RQmean value was observed in case of cyfluthrin, indicating its higher toxicity to fishes. The present study reveals that small streams are polluted with pesticides and there is a need to develop strategies and policy interventions in regularizing the pesticide uses for reducing the pesticide pollution in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Kar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India; Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492012, India; Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sonali Deole
- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492012, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Kumar Gupta
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | | | - Naveenkumar Patil
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | | | - Bibhab Mahapatra
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India; Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha 756019, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India
| | - Totan Adak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India.
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Sutaoney P, Rai SN, Sinha S, Choudhary R, Gupta AK, Singh SK, Banerjee P. Current perspective in research and industrial applications of microbial cellulases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130639. [PMID: 38453122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The natural interactions between various bacteria, fungi, and other cellulolytic microorganisms destroy lignocellulosic polymers. The efficacy of this process is determined by the combined action of three main enzymes: endoglucanases, exo-glucanases, and β-glucosidase. The enzyme attacks the polymeric structure's β-1,4-linkages during the cellulose breakdown reaction. This mechanism is crucial for the environment as it recycles cellulose in the biosphere. However, there are problems with enzymatic cellulose breakdown, including complex cellulase structure, insufficient degradation efficacy, high production costs, and post-translational alterations, many of which are closely related to certain unidentified cellulase properties. These issues impede the practical use of cellulases. A developing area of research is the application of this similar paradigm for industrial objectives. Cellulase enzyme exhibits greater promise in many critical industries, including biofuel manufacture, textile smoothing and finishing, paper and pulp manufacturing, and farming. However, the study on cellulolytic enzymes must move forward in various directions, including increasing the activity of cellulase as well as designing peptides to give biocatalysts their desired attributes. This manuscript includes an overview of current research on different sources of cellulases, their production, and biochemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India; Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sakshi Sinha
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachana Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Junwani, Durg 490005, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Paromita Banerjee
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
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Maniero C, Ng SM, Collett G, Godec T, Siddiqui I, Antoniou S, Kumar A, Janmohamed A, Nair S, Kotecha A, Khan R, Khanji MY, Kapil V, Gupta J, Gupta AK. Differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health and burnout. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:45-52. [PMID: 37040624 PMCID: PMC10875923 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There may be differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and burnout rates of healthcare professionals (HCPs) performing different roles. AIMS To examine mental health and burnout rates, and possible drivers for any disparities between professional roles. METHODS In this cohort study, online surveys were distributed to HCPs in July-September 2020 (baseline) and re-sent 4 months later (follow-up; December 2020) assessing for probable major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insomnia, mental well-being and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Separate logistic regression models (at both phases) compared the risk of outcomes between roles: healthcare assistants (HCAs), nurses and midwives (nurses), allied health professionals (AHPs) and doctors (reference group). Separate linear regression models were also developed relating the change in scores to professional role. RESULTS At baseline (n = 1537), nurses had a 1.9-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk of MDD and insomnia, respectively. AHPs had a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MDD and emotional exhaustion, respectively. At follow-up (n = 736), the disproportionate risk between doctors and others worsened: nurses and HCAs were at 3.7-fold and 3.6-fold increased risk of insomnia, respectively. Nurses also had a significantly increased risk of MDD, GAD, poor mental well-being and burnout. Nurses also had significantly worsened anxiety, mental well-being and burnout scores over time, relative to doctors. CONCLUSIONS Nurses and AHPs had excess risk of adverse mental health and burnout during the pandemic, and this difference worsened over time (in nurses especially). Our findings support adoption of targeted strategies accounting for different HCP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maniero
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - S M Ng
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - G Collett
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Godec
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - I Siddiqui
- Wellbeing Hub, Newham Training Hub, London E15 1HP, UK
- Northeast London CCG, London E15 1DA, UK
- Woodgrange Medical Practice, London E7 0QH, UK
| | - S Antoniou
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - A Kumar
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan WN1 1XX, UK
| | - A Janmohamed
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - S Nair
- Glan Clwyd Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - A Kotecha
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - R Khan
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - M Y Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- UCLPartners, London W1T 7HA, UK
- Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E13 8SL, UK
| | - V Kapil
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - J Gupta
- South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0YF, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
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Gupta AK, Marshall N, Yourston L, Rolband L, Beasock D, Danai L, Skelly E, Afonin KA, Krasnoslobodtsev AV. Optical, structural, and biological properties of silver nanoclusters formed within the loop of a C-12 hairpin sequence. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:3500-3511. [PMID: 37383066 PMCID: PMC10295035 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are the next-generation nanomaterials representing supra-atomic structures where silver atoms are organized in a particular geometry. DNA can effectively template and stabilize these novel fluorescent AgNCs. Only a few atoms in size - the properties of nanoclusters can be tuned using only single nucleobase replacement of C-rich templating DNA sequences. A high degree of control over the structure of AgNC could greatly contribute to the ability to fine-tune the properties of silver nanoclusters. In this study, we explore the properties of AgNCs formed on a short DNA sequence with a C12 hairpin loop structure (AgNC@hpC12). We identify three types of cytosines based on their involvement in the stabilization of AgNCs. Computational and experimental results suggest an elongated cluster shape with 10 silver atoms. We found that the properties of the AgNCs depend on the overall structure and relative position of the silver atoms. The emission pattern of the AgNCs depends strongly on the charge distribution, while all silver atoms and some DNA bases are involved in optical transitions based on molecular orbital (MO) visualization. We also characterize the antibacterial properties of silver nanoclusters and propose a possible mechanism of action based on the interactions of AgNCs with molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha NE 68182 USA +1402-554-3723
| | - Nolan Marshall
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha NE 68182 USA +1402-554-3723
| | - Liam Yourston
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha NE 68182 USA +1402-554-3723
| | - Lewis Rolband
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Damian Beasock
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Leyla Danai
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Elizabeth Skelly
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA
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Connell NT, Caicedo J, Nieto N, Chatterjee S, Hait A, Gupta AK, Bullano M, Schultz BG. Real-world healthcare costs and resource utilization in patients with von Willebrand disease and angiodysplasia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37183836 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2211270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the economic burden among VWD patients with angiodysplasia compared to VWD patients without angiodysplasia and the general population. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis using the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases® (January 2011-September 2020). Selected patients had ≥1 medical claim for VWD or low VWF, ≥1 medical claim for AGD, and ≥3 GI-related bleeding episodes within a year. HCRU and all-cause costs were compared with the VWD (only) and the general cohorts. RESULTS The mean total all-cause costs were $150,101 among patients with VWD and angiodysplasia (n = 34), higher compared to $48,249 among matched VWD patients without angiodysplasia (n = 136) and $31,029 among matched individuals of the general population [n = 136; p-value < 0.0001]. The differences in costs between groups were primarily due to inpatient care. During the 12-month follow-up, VWD patients with symptomatic (n = 35), asymptomatic (n = 81), and suspected (n = 378) angiodysplasia had an average of 4.1, 0.6, and 3.8 gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds, respectively. Desmopressin, VWF concentrates, and aminocaproic acid were the most frequent treatments used. The most frequent procedures to treat GI-related bleeding and underlying lesions were blood transfusion and laser therapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent therapeutic advances, there is room for considerable reduction of the disease burden in patients with VWD and angiodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Connell
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Caicedo
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - N Nieto
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - A Hait
- Complete HEOR Solutions, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - A K Gupta
- Complete HEOR Solutions, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - M Bullano
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - B G Schultz
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
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Gupta AK, Krasnoslobodtsev AV. DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters as Dual-Mode Sensitive Probes for Self-Powered Biosensor Fueled by Glucose. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1299. [PMID: 37110883 PMCID: PMC10145323 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively explored in developing sensors due to their unique properties, contributing to the development of reliable sensor designs with improved sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we propose the construction of a fluorescent/electrochemical dual-mode self-powered biosensor for advanced biosensing using DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs@DNA). AgNC@DNA, due to its small size, exhibits advantageous characteristics as an optical probe. We investigated the sensing efficacy of AgNCs@DNA as a fluorescent probe for glucose detection. Fluorescence emitted by AgNCs@DNA served as the readout signal as a response to more H2O2 being generated by glucose oxidase for increasing glucose levels. The second readout signal of this dual-mode biosensor was utilized via the electrochemical route, where AgNCs served as charge mediators between the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme and carbon working electrode during the oxidation process of glucose catalyzed by GOx. The developed biosensor features low-level limits of detection (LODs), ~23 μM for optical and ~29 μM for electrochemical readout, which are much lower than the typical glucose concentrations found in body fluids, including blood, urine, tears, and sweat. The low LODs, simultaneous utilization of different readout strategies, and self-powered design demonstrated in this study open new prospects for developing next-generation biosensor devices.
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Sharma A, Gupta AK, Devi B. Current trends in management of bacterial pathogens infecting plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:303-326. [PMID: 36683073 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously challenged by different pathogenic microbes that reduce the quality and quantity of produce and therefore pose a serious threat to food security. Among them bacterial pathogens are known to cause disease outbreaks with devastating economic losses in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Bacteria are structurally simple prokaryotic microorganisms and are diverse from a metabolic standpoint. Bacterial infection process mainly involves successful attachment or penetration by using extracellular enzymes, type secretion systems, toxins, growth regulators and by exploiting different molecules that modulate plant defence resulting in successful colonization. Theses bacterial pathogens are extremely difficult to control as they develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, attempts are made to search for innovative methods of disease management by the targeting bacterial virulence and manipulating the genes in host plants by exploiting genome editing methods. Here, we review the recent developments in bacterial disease management including the bioactive antimicrobial compounds, bacteriophage therapy, quorum-quenching mediated control, nanoparticles and CRISPR/Cas based genome editing techniques for bacterial disease management. Future research should focus on implementation of smart delivery systems and consumer acceptance of these innovative methods for sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag- Mandi, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India.
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
| | - Banita Devi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
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Gupta AK, Petersen J, Skelly E, Afonin KA, Krasnoslobodtsev AV. Small Volume Microrheology to Evaluate Viscoelastic Properties of Nucleic Acid-Based Supra-Assemblies. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:179-189. [PMID: 37572280 PMCID: PMC10482311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Particle tracking (PT) microrheology is a passive microrheological approach that characterizes material properties of soft matter. Multicomponent materials with the ability to create extensive crosslinking, such as supra-assemblies, may exhibit a complex interplay of viscous and elastic properties with a substantial contribution of liquid phase still diffusing through the system. Microrheology analyzes the motion of microscopic beads immersed in a sample, making it possible to evaluate the rheological properties of biological supra-assemblies. This method requires only a small volume of the sample and a relatively simple, inexpensive experimental setup. The objective of this chapter is to describe the experimental procedures for the observation of particle motion, calibration of an optical setup for particle tracking, preparation of imaging chambers, and the use of image analysis software for particle tracking in viscoelastic nucleic acid-based supra-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Petersen
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Elizabeth Skelly
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Guha Mallick R, Pramanik S, Pandit MK, Gupta AK, Roy S, Jambhulkar S, Sarker A, Nath R, Bhattacharyya S. Radiosensitivity of seedling traits to varying gamma doses, optimum dose determination and variation in determined doses due to different time of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation in faba bean genotypes. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:534-550. [PMID: 35938753 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2107723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three experiments were conducted to assess the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on various seedling traits; determine the optimum doses of gamma radiation for different faba bean genotypes; find out the variation in optimum doses with respect to the different times of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five faba bean genotypes viz., L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar were used in these experiments. In Experiment I, seeds of five experimental genotypes were exposed to different doses (100 Gy 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy, 600 Gy, 700 Gy and 800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown immediately after irradiation. In Experiment II, seeds of Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were exposed to varying doses (100-800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown at seven sowings starting from 0 h to 24 h at 4-h intervals after irradiation. In Experiment III, L-2013-092 genotypes was exposed to different doses (100 -800 Gy) of gamma radiation with two different methods of irradiation. RESULTS In Experiment I, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) values have arrived at 140 Gy, 669 Gy, 575 Gy, 386 Gy and 158 Gy for L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar, respectively. The growth reduction 50 (GR50) doses for different seedling traits ranged from 130 Gy to 320 Gy for L-2013-060, 250 Gy to 480 Gy for L-2013-092, 130 Gy to 370 Gy for Anandnagar Local, 200 Gy to 350 Gy for Gazipur Local and 250 Gy to 400 Gy for Bangla Gangachar. In Experiment II, the values for LD50 of the genotypes Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were significantly singular for different time intervals of sowing. The values of GR50 for most of the seedling traits were found to increase with the delay in sowing after irradiation from 4 to 24 h when compared with the immediately sown seed lots. In Experiment III, LD50 for L-2013-092 was 337 Gy with Method 1 and 669 Gy with Method 2. In Method 1, most of the growth parameters attained GR50 doses lower than Method 2. The first method was found to increase the radiosensitivity of L-2013-092. CONCLUSION Every experimental genotype used in these three experiments showed dose-dependent retardation of different seedling traits. These optimized doses may be employed to establish mutant populations for exploiting the novel traits of faba bean. The time of sowing after irradiation and method of irradiation was found to be essential for confirming optimum doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akhilesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhrajit Roy
- Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Nadia, India
| | - Sanjay Jambhulkar
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, India
| | - Ashutosh Sarker
- ICARDA - South Asia and China Regional Programme, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajib Nath
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Nadia, India
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Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss, often challenging to treat. While oral finasteride (1 mg/day) is an FDA-approved treatment for male AGA, oral minoxidil and oral dutasteride are not approved yet. However, clinicians have been increasingly using these two drugs off-label for hair loss. Recently, Japan and South Korea have approved oral dutasteride (0.5 mg/day) for male AGA.Efficacy and safety A probable efficacy ranking, in decreasing order, is- dutasteride 0.5 mg/day, finasteride 5 mg/day, minoxidil 5 mg/day, finasteride 1 mg/day, followed by minoxidil 0.25 mg/day. Oral minoxidil predominantly causes hypertrichosis and cardiovascular system (CVS) symptoms/signs in a dose-dependent manner, whereas oral finasteride and dutasteride are associated with sexual dysfunction and neuropsychiatric side effects.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics The average plasma half-lives of minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride are ∼4 hours, ∼4.5 hours, and ∼5 weeks, respectively. Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways to promote hair growth. It has been shown as a vasodilator, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inducer, and an antiandrogen. Finasteride inhibits 5 α-reductase (5AR) type II isoenzyme, while dutasteride inhibits both type I and type II. Thus, dutasteride suppresses DHT levels more than finasteride in the serum and scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Talukder
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
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Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Joshi LT, Cooper EA. Potential use of microwave technology in dermatology. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:2899-2910. [PMID: 35699665 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2089333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microwaves are used in medicine for diagnostics, and treatment of cancer. Recently, novel microwave devices (Swift®, Emblation Ltd, UK and miraDry®, Miramar Labs Inc., CA) have been cleared by the FDA and Health Canada for various dermatological conditions. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To review the dermatological use of microwave-based treatments (plantar warts, corns, actinic keratosis, dermatophytosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, osmidrosis, and hidradenitis suppurativa). Clinical trials, case reports, or in vitro studies for each condition are summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Microwaves are a promising alternative therapy for cutaneous warts, actinic keratosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, and osmidrosis, with favorable safety profiles. However, patients with hidradenitis suppurativa have had negative clinical outcomes. Limited treatment of corns showed good pain reduction but did not resolve hyperkeratosis. A preliminary in vitro study indicated that microwave treatment inhibits the growth of T. rubrum. We present the first case of toenail onychomycosis successfully treated with microwaves. Despite the advancements in the use of microwaves, the mechanism of action in non-ablative treatment is not well understood; further research is needed. More high-quality randomized clinical trials with larger groups and long follow-up periods are also required to evaluate the clinical benefits and possible adverse effects of microwaves in treating dermatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - L T Joshi
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - E A Cooper
- Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Mishra S, Singh Y, Gupta AK. Learning experiences from orthopedic disability camp in a tribal area of Central India: A long-term retrospective study. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_617_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Mishra S, Mishra S, Yadav G, Kumar D, Gupta AK. Site-specific bacteriology of tropic ulcers and their antibiotic sensitivity: A cross-sectional study. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_589_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Dutta BK, Mani RN, Sharma S, Singh VV, Aggarwal T, Chandra H, Ratna S, Sharma S, Gupta AK. COVID-19-associated psychosis in Indian settings: A retrospective descriptive study. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S25-S28. [PMID: 34908660 PMCID: PMC8611608 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the world since early 2020. Besides the large number of case fatalities, this virus has produced significant health-related sequelae involving multiple systems of the body. As with previous coronavirus infections, this was also found to be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Psychosis has been uncommon, and the few reported cases across the world have forwarded association with either raised inflammatory markers or the consequences of social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study of 12 patients, who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and psychosis, between March 2020 and December 2020. Cases of head injury, any neurological or metabolic illnesses, and substance use disorders were excluded. RESULTS Cases with psychosis formed only 0.19% of all cases of COVID-19 admissions. All of them were young male and employed. Most of them had abrupt onset of psychosis with confusion, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and sleep disturbances. Investigations including inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) and computerized tomography scans were largely normal. Medications used were mainly benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Most of the cases resolved within the second week, and follow-up after a month did not elicit any residual symptoms in majority. Diagnosis was acute and transient psychotic disorder (about 75%), bipolar affective disorder (2 cases), and schizophrenia (one). CONCLUSIONS The major findings included nonreactive inflammatory markers, quick resolution of symptoms, requirement of low doses of antipsychotic drugs, and no long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Dutta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R N Mani
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V V Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - T Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - H Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Ratna
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
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15
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Goel N, Mehta A, Gupta AK. Multifocal electroretinography-assisted anatomical and functional evaluation of subthreshold green laser in acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2341-2346. [PMID: 34427217 PMCID: PMC8544059 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3401_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare observation versus subthreshold green laser (STL) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes. Methods: Prospective randomized interventional study. 30 eyes with the first episode of acute CSC underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, measurement of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) at baseline. Patients were randomized equally to group A (observation) or group B (STL using 532 nm wavelength applied to the leakage point). Outcome measures included BCVA, CS, central foveal thickness (CFT), and mean macular thickness (MMT) on SD-OCT and P1 amplitude and implicit time (IT) on mfERG. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Mean BCVA was comparable between the two groups on follow up; however, mean CS was significantly higher in group B at 6 months (P = 0.032). CFT was significantly lower in group B at 1 month (P = 0.001) and 3 months (P = 0.049); however, this difference was not maintained at 6 months (P = 0.265). P1 amplitude and IT in all 5 rings were comparable between the two groups at baseline. On follow up, P1 amplitude of ring 1 became significantly higher in group B at 3 months (P = 0.036) and 6 months (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Immediate treatment of acute CSC with STL, as compared to conservative management, leads to more rapid resolution on SD-OCT and superior functional outcomes as evidenced by CS and mfERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Max Multi Speciality Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Mehta
- Department of Vitreoretina, ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Vitreoretina, ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Newton JT, Subramanian SS, Westland S, Gupta AK, Luo W, Joiner A. The impact of tooth colour on the perceptions of age and social judgements. J Dent 2021; 112:103771. [PMID: 34363891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological research has established that the presence of dental anomalies negatively impact social judgements. This study sought to determine the effects of tooth colour on the subjective ratings of social judgements in a group of Caucasian adults. METHODS A cross sectional experimental analogue design comprised fifty Caucasian adults: 25 women and 25 men. A total of 54 digitally modified photographs of Caucasian males and females (darkened, natural, whitened teeth) were evaluated. All participants evaluated each of the images on 12 characteristics: popularity, friendliness, social life, success, graduation, happiness, intelligence, perceived age, introversion/extraversion, self-confidence, attractiveness and satisfaction with the tooth shade. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare ratings. RESULTS Participants associated darkened teeth with poorer subjective ratings, with the highest ratings been given to whitened teeth, and natural teeth being intermediate. These trends were similar across all participant age groups and gender. Further, the gender and age groups of the images had a significant effect on the appraisals. Faces of younger models received higher ratings than the faces of older models and female images were rated higher than the males. CONCLUSION In the absence of other information, tooth colour exerts an influence upon the appraisals made in social situations. It appears that whitened tooth appearance is preferred to natural tooth appearance, irrespective of age and gender of the judge. The faces with more whitened dentition are perceived to be younger across all age groups and gender of the judges. Participants dissatisfied with their own tooth shade drew out more stereotypic behaviour. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This research used standardised tooth colour as a basis to investigate perceived age and social functioning. As clinicians face daily challenges to achieve patient satisfaction with respect to dental aesthetics, standardizing the colour may enhance the patients' satisfaction. Further, participants dissatisfied with their own tooth shade drew out more stereotypic behaviour. The whitened dentition may impair the psychological well-being of the individuals and is probably a reason for the increasing demand for cosmetic dental procedures. These results may be instructive for the development of a psycho-educational intervention to prevent any unrealistic expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Newton
- King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - S Westland
- University of Leeds, School of Design, Leeds, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Unilever Oral Care, Bangalore, India
| | - W Luo
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, UK
| | - A Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finasteride 1 mg/day is indicated for androgen-dependent conditions such as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA). METHODS The literature is comprehensively summarized on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and metabolism of finasteride. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to assess the efficacy of finasteride reported in clinical trials. The adverse events profile is described along with the post-marketing reports. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Finasteride 1 mg/day significantly increased total hair count compared to placebo after 24 weeks (mean difference = 12.4 hairs/cm2, p < .05), and 48 weeks (mean difference = 16.4 hairs/cm2, p < .05). The efficacy of the two doses of finasteride (5 mg/day and 1 mg/day) and topical finasteride (1% solution) were not significantly different. The most commonly reported sexual events include erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. Increasing patient complaints and analysis of the FAERS database led to the inclusion of depression in the FDA label in 2011, as men were found to be at a risk of suicide due to the persistent sexual side effects, commonly termed as post-finasteride syndrome. Finasteride is shown to be reasonably tolerated in both men and women; however, patients need to be educated about the possible short- and long-term side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Canada
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18
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Abstract
AbstractEndovascular occlusion of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm is a safe and effective procedure. We report a case of coiling of a ruptured Internal Iliac artery aneurysm in a leukaemia patient with intramuscular haematoma achieving an excellent immediate result and no recanalisation on 6 month follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Dept. of Imaging Sciences; Inturectal Radiology, SCTIMS, Thiruvenathpuram-695011, India
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George L, Gupta ID, Gupta AK, MR V, P Achankunju J, TS A. Estimation and comparison of different lactation persistency methods in Tharparkar cattle. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Singh A, Das CJ, Das BK, Gupta AK. Utility of diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing subdiaphragmatic endometriosis presenting as shoulder pain. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 27:314-317. [PMID: 29089681 PMCID: PMC5644326 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_86_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrapelvic endometriosis (EPE) is a rare entity which may potentially occur at any site. Symptomatic EPE is now increasingly being managed laparoscopically. Imaging is imperative in diagnosis as well as extent delineation prior to surgery. In addition to increasing the success rate of diagnostic laparoscopy, prior knowledge of EPE at certain sites may modify the standard surgical technique. We present here an unusual case of chronic pain in the right shoulder in a 26-year-old female caused by subdiaphragmatic endometriosis (SDE). It was noticed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences; however, due to the lack of the characteristic signal intensity, imaging findings were noncontributory. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) facilitated its characterization and precisely mapped the extent of involvement. SDE should be suspected in young females presenting with cyclical shoulder pain. Due to nonspecific clinical features, it may remain undiagnosed. MRI is the imaging modality of choice in evaluation of EPE. Including DWI sequence in the MR protocol increases the diagnostic precision besides delineating the extent of involvement noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bimal K Das
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Radiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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21
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Abstract
Topical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women.Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may also affect the length of the anagen and telogen phases.Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is metabolized by follicular sulfotransferase to minoxidil sulfate (active form). Those with higher sulfotransferase activity may respond better than patients with lower sulfotransferase activity.Clinical efficacy (topical minoxidil): In a five-year study, 2% minoxidil exhibited peak hair growth in males at year one with a decline in subsequent years. Topical minoxidil causes hair regrowth in both frontotemporal and vertex areas. The 5% solution and foam were not significantly different in efficacy from the 2% solution.Oral and Sublingual minoxidil (not FDA approved; off-label): After 6 months of administration, minoxidil 5 mg/day was significantly more effective than topical 5% and 2% in male AGA. Low-dose 0.5-5 mg/day may also be safe and effective for female pattern hair loss and chronic telogen effluvium. Sublingual minoxidil may be safe and effective in male and female pattern hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada
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22
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Thaci D, Piaserico S, Warren RB, Gupta AK, Cantrell W, Draelos Z, Foley P, Igarashi A, Langley RG, Asahina A, Young M, Falqués M, Pau-Charles I, Mendelsohn AM, Rozzo SJ, Reich K. Five-year efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who respond at week 28: pooled analyses of two randomized phase III clinical trials (reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2). Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:323-334. [PMID: 33544883 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 (NCT01722331/NCT01729754) trials of the anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody tildrakizumab (TIL) for psoriasis treatment are complete. OBJECTIVES We present 5-year pooled data from reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2. METHODS reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 were double-blind, randomized, controlled studies with optional long-term extensions. Adults with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis were randomized 2 : 2 : 1 to TIL 100 mg (TIL 100) or 200 mg (TIL 200) or placebo at weeks 0 and 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter [reSURFACE 2 included an etanercept (ETN) arm]. Efficacy outcomes included proportions of patients achieving absolute and relative improvement from baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score through week 244 in TIL responders (≥ 75% improvement from baseline PASI; PASI 75 response) continuously receiving the same dose and ETN partial responders and nonresponders (PASI < 75 response) switched to TIL 200 at week 28. Safety was assessed from adverse events (AEs) in all patients as treated. RESULTS Efficacy analyses included 329 and 227 week 28 responders to TIL 100 and TIL 200, respectively, and 121 ETN partial responders/nonresponders switched to TIL 200 at week 28. Of TIL 100 or TIL 200 responders and ETN partial responders/nonresponders entering the extensions, 235/302, 176/213 and 85/107, respectively, were evaluated at week 244, and 88·7%, 92·5% and 81·3%, respectively, achieved PASI 75 response. Exposure-adjusted rates of serious AEs were 6·3 and 6·0 patients with events per 100 patient-years of TIL 100 and TIL 200, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TIL treatment provided sustained disease control over 5 years in week 28 TIL responders and ETN partial responders/nonresponders, with a reassuring safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thaci
- Institute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - S Piaserico
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Vincenzo Gallucci 4, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - R B Warren
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, 190 Elizabeth Street, R. Fraser Elliott Building, 3-805, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, 645 Windermere Road, London, ON, N5X 2P1, Canada
| | - W Cantrell
- Village Dermatology, 2900 Cahaba Road, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA
| | - Z Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, 2444 North Main Street, High Point, NC, 27262, USA
| | - P Foley
- Skin Health Institute Inc., Level 1, 80 Drummond Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - A Igarashi
- NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8625, Japan
| | - R G Langley
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 6054 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 1Z2, Canada
| | - A Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - M Young
- Mindful Dermatology, Modern Research Associates, 9101 N Central Expy Ste 160, Dallas, TX, 75231, USA
| | - M Falqués
- Almirall R&D, Carrer de Laureà Miró, 408, 410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08980, Spain
| | - I Pau-Charles
- Almirall R&D, Carrer de Laureà Miró, 408, 410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08980, Spain
| | - A M Mendelsohn
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., 2 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - S J Rozzo
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., 2 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - K Reich
- Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, M, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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23
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Das S, Gupta AK, Bandyopadhyaya B, Darla BH, Arya V, Abhyankar M, Revankar S. Data on vildagliptin and vildagliptin plus metformin combination in type-2 diabetes mellitus management. Bioinformation 2021; 17:413-423. [PMID: 34092962 PMCID: PMC8131578 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Indian settings. The study included patients with T2DM (aged >18 years) receiving vildagliptin monotherapy and vildagliptin in combination with metformin therapy of various strengths. Data related to demographics, risk factors, medical history, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and medical therapies were retrieved from medical records. Out of 9678 patients (median age, 52.0 years), 59.1% were men. A combination of vildagliptin and metformin (50/500 mg) was the most commonly used therapy (54.8%), and the median duration of therapy was 24.0 months. The predominant reason for selecting vildagliptin therapy was to improve HbA1c levels (87.8%). A total of 87.5% of patients required dosage up-titration. Vildagliptin therapy was used in patients with T2DM and associated complications (peripheral neuropathy, CAD, nephropathy, retinopathy, autonomous neuropathy, stroke/TIA, and peripheral artery disease). Among 5175 patients who experienced body weight changes, a majority of patients showed a loss of weight (68.6%). The target glycemic control was achieved in 95.3% of patients. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly decreased post-treatment (mean change: 1.34%; p<0.001). Adverse events were reported in 0.4% of patients. Physicians rated the majority of patients as good to excellent on the global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability scale (98.9%, each). Vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin was an effective therapy in reducing HbA1c helps in achieving target glycemic control, and was well tolerated in Indian patients with T2DM continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AK Gupta
- Rahas Medical Store Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Vivek Arya
- Center for Endocrine and Diabetes, Ahmedabad, India
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Gupta AK, Summerbell RC, Venkataraman M, Quinlan EM. Nondermatophyte mould onychomycosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1628-1641. [PMID: 33763903 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nondermatophyte moulds (NDMs) onychomycosis is often difficult to diagnose as NDMs have been considered contaminants of nails. There are several diagnostic methods used to identify NDMs, however, repeated laboratory isolation is recommended to validate pathogenicity. With NDM and mixed infection (dermatophytes plus NDM) onychomycosis on the rise, accurate clinical diagnosis along with mycological tests is recommended. Systemic antifungal agents such as itraconazole and terbinafine (e.g. pulse regimen: 1 pulse = every day for one week, followed by no treatment for three weeks) have shown efficacy in treating onychomycosis caused by various NDMs such as Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and Onychocola canadensis. Studies investigating topical therapy and devices for NDM onychomycosis are limited. The emergence of antifungal resistance necessitates the incorporation of antifungal susceptibility testing into diagnosis when possible, for the management of recalcitrant infections. Case studies documented in the literature show newer azoles such as posaconazole and voriconazole as sometimes effective in treating resistant NDM onychomycosis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antifungal agents (e.g. itraconazole and efinaconazole) and other combination therapy (oral + oral and/or oral + topical) may be considerations in the management of NDM onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R C Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Singh M, Prakash V, Das S, Dixit S, Gupta AK. Multiple linear regression analysis using monthly test day milk yield predicting the first lactation production performance for sire evaluation in Murrah buffaloes. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Mishra SR, Kumar D, Yadav G, Gupta AK, Asthana S. Prosthetic Satisfaction and Body Image among Lower Limb Amputee: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/49758.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Limb amputation not only brings functional and sensory loss, but also leads to loss or change of body image. These changes have significant effect on the Quality of Life (QoL) of an individual. Amputee adaptation varies widely between individuals. For an amputee a prosthesis not only bring back near normal physical appearance but also it significantly repair his disturbed body image. There is a significant correlation between body image and life satisfaction. Aim: To investigate the correlation between body image and prosthetic satisfaction among lower limb amputee. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2020 at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants with unilateral lower limb prosthesis using amputees of either sex from Regional Artificial Limb Centre, Lucknow were included in the study. Each participant was subjected offline questionnaire based assessment of satisfaction with respect to their prosthesis related to it`s function, aesthetic (cosmesis), weight of prosthesis and general (overall) by Revised Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale (R-TAPES). Change in body image was assessed by Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS). Results were analysed by computer-based software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 20.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) t-test was used for normally distributed and Mann-Whitney U test was used for abnormally distributed variables. Results: The study enrolled 119 patients in which the most common cause of amputation was an accident (69). Statistically significant difference was found for satisfaction between males and females for weight of prosthesis (p-value=0.038). Statistically significant difference was found between male and female for amputee body image with ABIS score (p-value=0.001). Significant correlation was found between ABIS and functional satisfaction (p-value=0.001; r=-0.38)) and between ABIS and weight satisfaction (p-value=0.001; r=-0.36). Conclusion: Amputation causes significantly deterioration of body image among the amputee, with such deteriorated body image prosthetic satisfaction remains a big challenge for healthcare worker and prosthetist.
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Aggarwal A, Kumar A, Sharma R, Goel A, Kar R, Avasthi R, Gupta AK. Physical Frailty Phenotype and Depression are Associated with More Severe Disease in Older Subjects Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1711-1720. [PMID: 33355825 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The primary objective was to determine the occurrence of frailty in elderly patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The secondary objective was to study the association between the deficits in health with the severity of ACS at presentation among them. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the Departments of Medicine, Community Medicine and Biochemistry in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Delhi, India between November 2014 and April 2016. Patients (≥60 years age) presenting with any one of the spectra of ACS (STEMI, UA, NSTEMI) and giving informed written consent were assessed for frailty and health deficits using questionnaires. ACS assessed by ECG within 24 h and other relevant investigations. Appropriate statistical tests of significance like the Chi-square test were used and correlation coefficients were analyzed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Seven risk factors apart from old age were studied, in which smoking and dyslipidemia played a major role. 44% of the subjects were frail with the range of frailty scores between 3 and 5. Every one-unit increase in hemoglobin was associated with a reduction in the odds (OR 0.72) for being frail. No association was noted between the severity of ACS and established risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, family history of CAD, increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and male gender. On multivariable linear regression, presence of frailty and depression were associated with severe disease. Conclusions Nearly one in two patients presenting with ACS were found frail. Depression and frailty were associated with poorer ejection fraction and severe disease. Correction of anemia and improvement of low-normal hemoglobin levels could reduce frailty and in-turn improve outcomes in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Avasthi
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Medical Education, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK.
| | - J Neely
- Health Education England East of England, Department of Anaesthetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Wilkinson
- Cambridge University Health Partners (CUHP) Leadership Programmes, Cambridge, UK
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Menter MA, Murakawa GJ, Glover H, Mendelsohn AM, Parno J, Rozzo SJ, Davidson D, Gupta AK. Clearance of head and neck involvement in plaque psoriasis with tildrakizumab treatment in the phase 3 reSURFACE 1 study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e803-e805. [PMID: 32432798 PMCID: PMC7953895 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Menter
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, and Texas A&M College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - H Glover
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Surgery Center, McKinney, TX, USA
| | | | - J Parno
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S J Rozzo
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - D Davidson
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mediprobe Research, Inc, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Whewell H, Brown C, Gokani VJ, Harries RL, Aguilera ML, Ahrend H, Al Qallaf A, Ansell J, Beamish A, Borraez-Segura B, Di Candido F, Chan D, Govender T, Grass F, Gupta AK, Dae Han Y, Jensen KK, Kusters M, Wing Lam K, Machila M, Marquardt C, Moore I, Ovaere S, Park H, Premaratne C, Sarantitis I, Sethi H, Singh R, Yonkus J. Variation in training requirements within general surgery: comparison of 23 countries. BJS Open 2020; 4:714-723. [PMID: 33521506 PMCID: PMC7397354 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many differences exist in postgraduate surgical training programmes worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the training requirements in general surgery across 23 different countries. Methods A collaborator affiliated with each country collected data from the country's official training body website, where possible. The information collected included: management, teaching, academic and operative competencies, mandatory courses, years of postgraduate training (inclusive of intern years), working‐hours regulations, selection process into training and formal examination. Results Countries included were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, India, Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA and Zambia. Frameworks for defining the outcomes of surgical training have been defined nationally in some countries, with some similarities to those in the UK and Ireland. However, some training programmes remain heterogeneous with regional variation, including those in many European countries. Some countries outline minimum operative case requirement (range 60–1600), mandatory courses, or operative, academic or management competencies. The length of postgraduate training ranges from 4 to 10 years. The maximum hours worked per week ranges from 38 to 88 h, but with no limit in some countries. Conclusion Countries have specific and often differing requirements of their medical profession. Equivalence in training is granted on political agreements, not healthcare need or competencies acquired during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Whewell
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK
| | - C Brown
- Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - V J Gokani
- Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK
| | - R L Harries
- Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | | | - M L Aguilera
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - H Ahrend
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - A Al Qallaf
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - J Ansell
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - A Beamish
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - B Borraez-Segura
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - F Di Candido
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - D Chan
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - T Govender
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - F Grass
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - Y Dae Han
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - K K Jensen
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - M Kusters
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - K Wing Lam
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - M Machila
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - C Marquardt
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - I Moore
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - S Ovaere
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - H Park
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - C Premaratne
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - I Sarantitis
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - H Sethi
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - R Singh
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
| | - J Yonkus
- Department of General Surgery Royal Gwent Hospital Newport UK.,Postgraduate Research Degrees Office Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery Queen Victoria Hospital East Grinstead UK.,Department of General Surgery Morriston Hospital Swansea UK
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Prasad GK, Pandey LK, Praveen Kumar J, Ganesan K, Acharya J, Gupta AK. Magnesium Aluminate Nanoparticles for Chemical Detoxification of Sarin and Soman. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3547-3553. [PMID: 31748050 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solutions of Mg(NO₃)₂, Al(NO₃)₃, and (NH₄)₂CO₃ were mixed at pH 8 and then heated at 95 °C for 4 h, aged at room temperature for 16 h, and calcined at 650 °C for 4 h to obtain magnesium aluminate nanoparticles. The obtained materials exhibited spinel structure with the particle size being 6 to 26 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated type IV nitrogen adsorption isotherm, typical of mesoporosity with a surface area of 325 m²/g. They were utilized for studies on chemical detoxification of deadly chemical warfare agents such as sarin and soman. Our results showed that the magnesium aluminate nanoparticles effectively decontaminated more than 99% of sarin and soman within 8-10 min when used at a ratio of 1:50-60% w/w.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Prasad
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
| | - L K Pandey
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
| | - J Praveen Kumar
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
| | - K Ganesan
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
| | - J Acharya
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Protective Device Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, MP, India
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Soni AK, Bhaskar ASB, Pathak U, Nagar DP, Gupta AK, Kannan GM. Pulmonary protective efficacy of S-2[2-aminoethylamino] ethyl phenyl sulphide (DRDE-07) and its analogues against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 76:103333. [PMID: 32062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that percutaneous sulfur mustard (SM) exposure induced pulmonary toxicity, which was attenuated by DRDE-07 (S-2[2-aminoethylamino] ethyl phenyl sulphide) pretreatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of DRDE-07 and its analogues viz., DRDE-30 (S-2(2-aminoethyl amino)ethyl propyl sulphide) and DRDE-35 (S-2(2-aminoethyl amino)ethyl butyl sulphide) against SM. Thirty minutes before percutaneous SM (0.8 LD50) exposure, female Swiss mice were orally gavaged with DRDE-07 and its analogues(0.2 LD50). Animals were sacrificed on day 3 and 7, BAL fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathological studies. As results, DRDE-07 and its analogues were beneficial in reducing the number of BALF inflammatory cells, protein level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and β-glucuronidase activity, while content of BALF and lung reduced glutathione level (GSH) were significantly protected. The pretreatment of DRDE-07 and its analogues inhibited the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lung. The beneficial effects of DRDE-07 and its analogues were attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the analogues, DRDE-30 exhibited significant beneficial effects as compared to the other two compounds. These analogues may be considered as prototype candidate molecules as there is no effective antidote for SM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Soni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - A S B Bhaskar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - U Pathak
- Synthetic Chemistry Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - D P Nagar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Process Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - G M Kannan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474 002, India.
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Kaushal R, Singh I, Thapliyal SD, Gupta AK, Mandal D, Tomar JMS, Kumar A, Alam NM, Kadam D, Singh DV, Mehta H, Dogra P, Ojasvi PR, Reza S, Durai J. Rooting behaviour and soil properties in different bamboo species of Western Himalayan Foothills, India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4966. [PMID: 32188913 PMCID: PMC7080795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to extensive root system, connected rhizome bamboos are considered suitable for improving soil properties within a short period, though most of the claims are anecdotal and need to be supported with quantified data. The study evaluates seven bamboo species viz., Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa nutans, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus stocksii and Dendrocalamus strictus for their rooting pattern and impact on soil health properties. Coarse and fine root intensity was maximum in B. vulgaris. Coarse root biomass ranged from 0.6 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 2.0 kg m−3 in B. vulgaris and B. bambos. Fine root biomass ranged from 1.1 kg m−3 in B. nutans to 4.5 kg m−3 in D. hamiltonii. Contribution of fine roots in terms of intensity and biomass was much higher than coarse roots. Fine root biomass showed declining trend with increase in soil depth in all the species. During sixth year, the litter fall ranged from 8.1 Mg ha−1 in D. stocksii to 12.4 Mg ha−1 in D. hamiltonii. Among soil physical properties significant improvement were recorded in hydraulic conductivity, water stable aggregates and mean weight diameter. Soil pH, organic carbon and available phosphorus under different species did not reveal any significant changes, while significant reduction was observed in total nitrogen and potassium. Significant positive correlation was observed between WSA and iron content. Soil microbial population and enzyme activities were higher in control plot. Considering root distribution, biomass, soil hydraulic conductivity and water stable aggregates, B. bambos, B. vulgaris and D. hamiltonii are recommended for rehabilitation of degraded lands prone to soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaushal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India.
| | - Indra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - S D Thapliyal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - A K Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - J M S Tomar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Ambrish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - N M Alam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D Kadam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - D V Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - H Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - Pradeep Dogra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - P R Ojasvi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, 218, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun, 248 195, India
| | - S Reza
- International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - J Durai
- International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Pedersen AML, Darwish M, Nicholson J, Edwards MI, Gupta AK, Belstrøm D. Gingival health status in individuals using different types of toothpaste. J Dent 2020; 80 Suppl 1:S13-S18. [PMID: 30696551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between the medium term use (>1 year) of a toothpaste containing natural enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) upon gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index compared to medium term use of toothpastes without antimicrobial/antiinflammatory ingredients. METHODS A total of 305 participants eligible for inclusion were grouped according to their toothpaste use and matched with regard to gender and age (18-30, 31-55 and 56+ years of age). A total of 161 persons were using a toothpaste which contained enzymes and proteins (Zendium™, test group), and 144 persons were using a toothpaste without these ingredients (control group). The amount of dental plaque and the gingival condition were assessed at six sites of each tooth using the modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index (Modified Quigley and Hein plaque index, PI), and bleeding index (BI). Mean values of MGI, PI and BI were compared using analysis of covariance. RESULTS The test group had significantly less gingival inflammation than the control group (adjusted mean scores (SD); 1.80 (0.65) vs. 2.27 (0.63),p < 0.0001), as well as lower levels of plaque (2.03 (0.33) vs. 2.12 (0.33), p = 0.0168) and gingival bleeding (0.74 (0.45) vs. 1.08 (0.45), p < 0.0001). Females had significantly less gingival inflammation (p < 0.0001), plaque (p = 0.0005) and bleeding (p = 0.0118) than males. Participants aged 18-30 years had significantly higher levels of inflammation and bleeding than the older age groups (p < 0.001), and also higher plaque levels compared to participants aged 31-55 years (p = 0.0069). Potential confounding factors including oral hygiene practices and consistency of dental visits did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that medium term use of fluoride toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) is associated with a better gingival health than the use of other types of fluoride toothpastes without antimicrobial active ingredients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Medium term (> 1 year) use of toothpaste containing naturally occurring enzymes and proteins (Zendium™) in an unsupervised home setting is associated with better gingival health compared to the unsupervised use of other commercially available toothpastes without antimicrobial/antiinflammatory active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Pedersen
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Darwish
- Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Nicholson
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - M I Edwards
- Unilever Oral Care, Unilever House, 100 Victoria Embankment, London, EC4Y 0DY, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Hindustan Unilever Limited Research Centre, Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore 560 066, India
| | - D Belstrøm
- Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gupta MA, Vujcic B, Sheridan AD, Gupta AK. Reduced risk of suicidal behaviours associated with the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonists: results from the US FDA Adverse Events Reporting System pharmacovigilance database. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1564-1568. [PMID: 31981260 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent condition that presents as painful, suppurating lesions in the apocrine gland-bearing skin regions. HS has been associated with increased suicidal behaviours (SB), independent of any treatment. TNF-alpha antagonists are used to treat moderate-to-severe HS and have also been associated with SB, a factor that could confound the decision to use the TNF-α antagonists in the moderately to severely affected HS patients, who may already be experiencing increased SB risk. OBJECTIVES To determine presence or absence of a safety signal for SB when HS is treated with TNF-α antagonists. METHODS We calculated the reporting odds ratios (ROR) with 95% CI of SB associated with treatment for HS with TNF-α antagonists vs. the reference group of all other treatments for HS in the US Food and Drug Administration pharmacovigilance database from 1 January 2004 to 31 March 2019. A second analysis excluded isotretinoin (which has been used to treat HS and has also been associated with SB) from the reference group. RESULTS There was a signal for decreased risk of SB with TNF-α antagonists (ROR = 0.1959, 95% CI 0.1247-0.3079; z = 7.071, P < 0.0001] vs. all other HS treatments; the ROR did not change significantly after isotretinoin was excluded from the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of HS with TNF-α antagonists is associated with a decreased risk of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Vujcic
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A D Sheridan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gupta AK, Stec N, Bamimore MA, Foley KA, Shear NH, Piguet V. The efficacy and safety of pulse vs. continuous therapy for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:580-588. [PMID: 31746067 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is a chronic, fungal infection of the nails. Complete cure remains challenging, but oral antifungal medications have been successful in managing the fungus for a significant proportion of patients. Treatment with these drugs can be continuous or intermittent, albeit the evidence on their relative efficacies remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative effectiveness and safety of pulse versus continuous administration, of three common oral therapies for dermatophyte onychomycosis, by conducting multiple-treatment meta-analysis. METHODS This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the efficacy (as per mycological cure) and adverse event rates of three oral antifungal medications in the treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis, namely terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole. A total of 30 studies were included in the systematic review, while 22 were included in the network meta-analysis. RESULTS The likelihood of mycological cure was not significantly different between continuous and pulse regimens for each of terbinafine and itraconazole. Use of continuous terbinafine for 24 weeks - but not 12 weeks - was significantly more likely to result in mycological cure than continuous itraconazole for 12 weeks or weekly fluconazole for 9-12 months. Rank probabilities demonstrated that 24-week continuous treatment of terbinafine was the most effective. There were no significant differences in the likelihood of adverse events between any continuous and pulse regimens of terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole. Drug treatments were similar to placebo in terms of their likelihood of producing adverse events. CONCLUSION More knowledge about the fungal life cycle and drugs' pharmacokinetics in nail and plasma could further explain the relative efficacy and safety of the pulse and continuous treatment regimens. Our results indicate that in the treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis, the continuous and pulse regimens for terbinafine and itraconazole have similar efficacies and rates of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Stec
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | | | - K A Foley
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | - N H Shear
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that can result in spontaneous hair loss. Currently, there is no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment, however new treatments are being investigated. Excimer laser and excimer lamp treatment have been suggested and have the benefit of mild/few adverse effects.Methods: A literature search and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the efficacy of the excimer laser and lamp for treatment of AA. Results: No controlled trials were found which utilized the 308-nm excimer lamp. Four controlled trials (N = 105) testing the efficacy of the 308-nm excimer laser were identified. When laser treatment was compared to control measured through the number of responders to treatment, the standardized mean difference was 18.37 (95% CI: 3.28, 102.77) in favor of treatment (p < .0009, I2 = 36%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that use of the 308-nm excimer laser can be effective in AA therapy however more studies are required observing both the 308-nm excimer laser and lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
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Sepehrvand N, Alemayehu W, Das D, Gupta AK, Gouda P, Ghimire A, Du AX, Hatami S, Babadagli HE, Verma S, Kashour Z, Ezekowitz JA. 2131Pragmatic clinical trials in cardiovascular medicine: trends over time in major medical journals. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pragmatic trials provide results that may be more applicable to the population in which the intervention will be eventually applied and are discussed extensively in the current healthcare environment. The aim of this study was to investigate how pragmatic or explanatory cardiovascular (CV) randomized controlled trials (RCT) are, if this was changing over time, and if they were more or less likely to meet their primary endpoint.
Methods
Using the six top-ranked (based on impact factors) medical and CV journals, all CV-related RCTs that were published during the years of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were identified, data extracted and reviewed by 2 adjudicators. The PRECIS-2 tool was used to evaluate the level of pragmatism. PRECIS-2 uses a 5-point ordinal scale (ranging from very pragmatic to very explanatory) across 9 domains of trial design, including eligibility, recruitment, setting, organization, intervention delivery, intervention adherence, follow-up, primary outcome, and analysis. A higher score indicates a more pragmatic score on an individual domain, and aggregated scores are a simplified formula across all domains. Cohen's D was used to quantify the mean difference relative to the variation.
Results
There were 616 RCTs, distributed evenly over the 2 decades, and 64% achieved their primary endpoint. The mean (±SD) PRECIS-2 score was 3.26±0.70 among 616 included RCTs. The level of pragmatism increased over time from a score of 3.07±0.74 in 2000 to 3.47±0.67 in 2015 (p<0.0001 for trend; Cohen's D relative effect size 0.57). The increase in pragmatism occurred mainly in the domains of eligibility, setting, intervention delivery, and primary endpoint (Figure). PRECIS-2 score was higher for neutral trials than those with positive results (p=0.0015) and in phase III/IV trials as compared to phase I/II trials (p<0.0001) (Figure). Furthermore, trials that involve more sites, with larger sample sizes, longer follow-ups, and those with mortality as the primary endpoint were found to be more pragmatic. There was no difference in the level of pragmatism between different sources of funding (public, industry, or both; p=0.52).
Study characteristics and pragmatism
Conclusion
The PRECIS-2 tool can be used for appraising trials to assess their placement in the pragmatic-explanatory continuum. The level of pragmatism increased over time in CV trials. Greater focus on the design and delivery of CV trials will be required for the broad application.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Dr. Sepehrvand receives scholarship from Alberta Innovates Health Solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sepehrvand
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - W Alemayehu
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - D Das
- University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - A K Gupta
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - P Gouda
- University of Calgary, Department of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - A Ghimire
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - A X Du
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S Hatami
- University of Alberta, Department of Surgery, Edmonton, Canada
| | - H E Babadagli
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S Verma
- University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Z Kashour
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine and Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J A Ezekowitz
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Canada
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Haber RS, Gupta AK, Epstein E, Carviel JL, Foley KA. Finasteride for androgenetic alopecia is not associated with sexual dysfunction: a survey-based, single-centre, controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1393-1397. [PMID: 30835851 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of sexual dysfunction side-effects associated with finasteride use in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is thought to be less prevalent than is publicized. There is a need to investigate sexual dysfunction among finasteride users with population-based controls. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of sexual dysfunction in men using finasteride or not using finasteride. METHOD Adult men visiting a dermatologist's office for any reason were asked to complete a survey including a modified version of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) to assess the presence of sexual dysfunction with and without finasteride use. RESULTS Data from 762 men aged 18-82 were collected: 663 finasteride users and 99 non-finasteride users. There were no significant differences between finasteride users and non-user controls in reporting sexual dysfunction using the ASEX. Regression analysis indicated that self-reporting libido loss and reduced sexual performance, not finasteride use, predict a higher ASEX score. CONCLUSION The use of finasteride does not result in sexual dysfunction in men with AGA. These data are consistent with other large survey-based controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Haber
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada
| | | | | | - K A Foley
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada
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Goel N, Prakash A, Gupta AK. Multifocal Electroretinography in Diabetic Retinopathy With and Without Macular Edema. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019; 49:780-786. [PMID: 30395664 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20181002-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To characterize the electroretinographic response of the macula by multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with and without diabetic macular edema (DME) and correlate it with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal thickness on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective, observational case series. Forty eyes of 22 patients with treatment-naïve NPDR underwent recording of BCVA, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and SD-OCT. Groups A and B were classified as 20 eyes each having NPDR with DME (central foveal thickness [CFT] ≥ 275 μm) and without DME (CFT < 275 μm), respectively. First-order kernel mfERG responses recorded according to ISCEV guidelines were grouped into five concentric rings centered on the fovea for analysis. RESULTS Mean P1 and N1 amplitudes (nv/deg2) were significantly decreased compared to normal values in each of the five rings in both groups (P < .01); however, the values between the two groups were comparable. BCVA was significantly and positively correlated with P1 (r = 0.454, P = .003) and N1 amplitude (r = 0.468, P = .002) and significantly and negatively correlated with P1 (r= -0.534, P < .01) and N1 implicit times (r= -0.570, P < .01) in all patients. P1 (r= -0.531, P < .01) and N1 amplitude (r= -0.367, P = .02) in the central ring of mfERG had a significant negative correlation with macular thickness in the corresponding foveal ring of SD-OCT in all patients. CONCLUSIONS mfERG reflects retinal dysfunction irrespective of the occurrence of DME in patients with NPDR. Correlation with BCVA reinforces that mfERG should be used to objectively assess the macular function in these patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:780-786.].
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Oberai P, Mehra P, Bhalerao R, Rai Y, Choubey G, Sahoo A, Majumder AK, Sah M, Gupta AK, Tyagi AK, Siddiqui VA, Kumar A, Manchanda R. Lycopodium clavatum for the management of urolithiasis: A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Indian J Res Homoeopathy 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_30_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gupta AK, Versteeg SG, Shear NH. A practical application of onychomycosis cure - combining patient, physician and regulatory body perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:281-287. [PMID: 30005134 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high relapse rates and the rise of predisposing factors, the need for curing onychomycosis is paramount. To effectively address onychomycosis, the definition of cure used in a clinical setting should be agreed upon and applied homogeneously across therapies (e.g. oral, topical and laser treatments). In order to determine what is or what should be used to define cure in a clinical setting, a literature search was conducted to identify methods used to evaluate treatment success. The limitations, strengths, prevalence and utility of each outcome measure were investigated. Seven ways to measure treatment success were identified; mycological cure, patient/investigator assessments, complete cure, quality of life instruments, severity indexes, clinical cure and temporary clearance. Despite its shortcomings, mycological cure is the most objective and consistent outcome measure used across onychomycosis studies. It is suggested that diagnostic goals of onychomycosis should be used to define cure in a clinical setting. Modifications to outcome measures such as incorporating molecular-based techniques could be a future avenue to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Divison of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | | | - N H Shear
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology), Department of Pharmacology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bhatt SP, Guleria R, Vikram NK, Vivekanandhan S, Singh Y, Gupta AK. Correction: Association of inflammatory genes in obstructive sleep apnea and non alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203182. [PMID: 30138466 PMCID: PMC6107270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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44
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Gupta AK, Mays RR, Dotzert MS, Versteeg SG, Shear NH, Piguet V. Efficacy of non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2112-2125. [PMID: 29797431 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia, or male/female pattern baldness, is the most common type of progressive hair loss disorder. The aim of this study was to review recent advances in non-surgical treatments for androgenetic alopecia and identify the most effective treatments. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted of the available literature of the six most common non-surgical treatment options for treating androgenetic alopecia in both men and women; dutasteride 0.5 mg, finasteride 1 mg, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), minoxidil 2%, minoxidil 5% and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Seventy-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and 22 studies had the data necessary for a network meta-analysis. Relative effects show LLLT as the superior treatment. Relative effects show PRP, finasteride 1 mg (male), finasteride 1 mg (female), minoxidil 5%, minoxidil 2% and dutasteride (male) are approximately equivalent in mean change hair count following treatment. Minoxidil 5% and minoxidil 2% reported the most drug-related adverse events (n = 45 and n = 23, respectively). The quality of evidence of minoxidil 2% vs. minoxidil 5% was high; minoxidil 5% vs. placebo was moderate; dutasteride (male) vs. placebo, finasteride (female) vs. placebo, minoxidil 2% vs. placebo and minoxidil 5% vs. LLLT was low; and finasteride (male) vs. placebo, LLLT vs. sham, PRP vs. placebo and finasteride vs. minoxidil 2% was very low. Results of this NMA indicate the emergence of novel, non-hormonal therapies as effective treatments for hair loss; however, the quality of evidence is generally low. High-quality randomized controlled trials and head-to-head trials are required to support these findings and aid in the development of more standardized protocols, particularly for PRP. Regardless, this analysis may aid physicians in clinical decision-making and highlight the variety of non-surgical hair restoration options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R R Mays
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada
| | | | | | - N H Shear
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - V Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Bari S, Arora P, Gupta AK, Singh M, Aggarwal AK. Tele-evidence: A videoconferencing tool as a viable alternative to physical appearance of doctors for the judicial summons. J Postgrad Med 2018; 64:206-211. [PMID: 29943747 PMCID: PMC6198697 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_243_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The role of physicians often extends beyond provision of direct patient care and includes appearance in courts as professional or expert witnesses to give their testimony in various legal cases. This often consumes precious time and resources of the doctors and the hospitals. This study was taken up to evaluate the present system of the physical appearance of the doctors to various courts and compare it with the videoconferencing mode of giving testimony (tele-evidence). Materials and Methods: Available records of summons and vehicles used were analyzed to calculate the cost involved and man-hours consumed in honoring the court summons. Telemedicine facility, available in our institute, was used for conducting tele-evidence with selected courts of the two states as a pilot, which was later expanded. A survey was also done to assess the experience of the physicians with physical appearance and videoconferencing using structured questionnaire after approval from the Institute's Ethics Committee. Likert scale of 0–10 points was used to measure satisfaction. Results: There was 43% drop in the monthly mileage of vehicles, 49% reduction in the fuel cost per month, and 28% savings in terms of time consumed for court duties. Satisfaction score for parameters of time consumed, physical strain, mental strain, communication with Honorable Judges, and overall experience was 87% through tele-evidence as compared to 31% with physical appearance. Conclusion: Tele-evidence is an acceptable and implementable mode of testifying and has led to tremendous resource savings in our tertiary care setting. The model needs to be replicated for deliverance of justice and is in consonance with Government's push toward Digital India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bari
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - P Arora
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Aggarwal
- Department of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Behera MD, Gupta AK, Barik SK, Das P, Panda RM. Use of satellite remote sensing as a monitoring tool for land and water resources development activities in an Indian tropical site. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:401. [PMID: 29904796 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the availability of satellite data from free data domain, remote sensing has increasingly become a fast-hand tool for monitoring of land and water resources development activities with minimal cost and time. Here, we verified construction of check dams and implementation of plantation activities in two districts of Tripura state using Landsat and Sentinel-2 images for the years 2008 and 2016-2017, respectively. We applied spectral reflectance curves and index-based proxies to quantify these activities for two time periods. A subset of the total check dams and plantation sites was chosen on the basis of site condition, nature of check dams, and planted species for identification on satellite images, and another subset was randomly chosen to validate identification procedure. The normalized difference water index (NDWI) derived from Landsat and Senitnel-2 were used to quantify water area evolved, qualify the water quality, and influence of associated tree shadows. Three types of check dams were observed, i.e., full, partial, and fully soil exposed on the basis of the presence of grass or scrub on the check dams. Based on the nature of check dam and site characteristics, we classified the water bodies under 11-categories using six interpretation keys (size, shape, water depth, quality, shadow of associated trees, catchment area). The check dams constructed on existing narrow gullies totally covered by branches or associated plants were not identified without field verification. Further, use of EVI enabled us to approve the plantation activities and adjudge the corresponding increase in vegetation vigor. The plantation activities were established based on the presence and absence of existing vegetation. Clearing on the plantation sites for plantation shows differential increase in EVI values during the initial years. The 403 plantation sites were categorized into 12 major groups on the basis of presence of dominant species and site conditions. The dominant species were Areca catechu, Musa paradisiaca, Ananas comosus, Bambusa sp., and mix plantation of A. catechu and M. paradisiaca. However, the highest maximum increase in average EVI was observed for the pine apple plantation sites (0.11), followed by Bambussa sp. (0.10). These sites were fully covered with plantation without any exposed soil. The present study successfully demonstrates a satellite-based survey supplemented with ground information evaluating the changes in vegetation profile due to plantation activities, locations of check dams, extent of water bodies, downstream irrigation, and catchment area of water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Behera
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Tripura Forest Department, Agartala, India
| | - S K Barik
- CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - P Das
- CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - R M Panda
- SWR, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Saxena RC, Biswal J, Pant HJ, Samantray JS, Sharma SC, Gupta AK, Ray SS. Application of thin layer activation technique for monitoring corrosion of carbon steel in hydrocarbon processing environment. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 135:201-206. [PMID: 29413838 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acidic crude oil transportation and processing in petroleum refining and petrochemical operations cause corrosion in the pipelines and associated components. Corrosion monitoring is invariably required to test and prove operational reliability. Thin Layer Activation (TLA) technique is a nuclear technique used for measurement of corrosion and erosion of materials. The technique involves irradiation of material with high energy ion beam from an accelerator and measurement of loss of radioactivity after the material is subjected to corrosive environment. In the present study, TLA technique has been used to monitor corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in crude oil environment at high temperature. Different CS coupons were irradiated with a 13 MeV proton beam to produce Cobalt-56 radioisotope on the surface of the coupons. The corrosion studies were carried out by subjecting the irradiated coupons to a corrosive environment, i.e, uninhibited straight run gas oil (SRGO) containing known amount of naphthenic acid (NA) at high temperature. The effects of different parameters, such as, concentration of NA, temperature and fluid velocity (rpm) on corrosion behaviour of CS were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Saxena
- Chemical Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Jayashree Biswal
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H J Pant
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - J S Samantray
- Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S S Ray
- Chemical Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
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Shruthi M, Gupta N, Jana M, Mridha AR, Kumar A, Agarwal R, Sharma R, Deka D, Gupta AK, Kabra M. Conventional vs virtual autopsy with postmortem MRI in phenotypic characterization of stillbirths and fetal malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51:236-245. [PMID: 28295775 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare virtual autopsy using postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with conventional autopsy with respect to phenotypic characterization of stillbirths and malformed fetuses, and acceptability to parents. METHODS This was a prospective diagnostic evaluation study, conducted from June 2013 to June 2015, including stillbirths and pregnancies terminated owing to fetal malformation at ≥ 20 weeks' gestation, for which parental consent to both conventional autopsy and postmortem MRI was obtained. Cases of maternal and obstetric cause of fetal demise were excluded. Whole-body postmortem MRI (at 1.5 T) was performed prior to conventional autopsy. Taking conventional autopsy as the diagnostic gold standard, postmortem MRI findings alone, or in conjunction with other minimally invasive prenatal and postmortem investigations, were assessed and compared for diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Parental consent for both conventional autopsy and postmortem MRI was obtained in 52 cases of which 43 were included in the analysis. In 35 (81.4%) cases, the final diagnosis based on virtual autopsy with postmortem MRI was in agreement with that of conventional autopsy. With conventional autopsy as the reference standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of postmortem MRI were, respectively: 77.7%, 99.8%, 97.4% and 98.0% for whole-body assessment; 93.1%, 99.0%, 87.1% and 99.5% for the nervous system; 61.0%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 96.7% for the cardiovascular system; 91.1%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 98.0% for the pulmonary system; 80.6%, 99.8%, 96.7% and 98.7% for the abdomen; 96.2%, 99.7%, 96.2% and 99.7% for the renal system; and 66.7%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 97.2% for the musculoskeletal system. Virtual autopsy was acceptable to 96.8% of families as compared with conventional autopsy to 82.5%. CONCLUSIONS Virtual autopsy using postmortem MRI and other minimally invasive investigations can be an acceptable alternative to conventional autopsy when the latter is refused by the parents. Postmortem MRI is more acceptable to parents and can provide additional diagnostic information on brain and spinal cord malformations. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shruthi
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Jana
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A R Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Deka
- Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Gupta AK, Kandasamy D. Imaging in endocrine disorders. Indian J Med Res 2018. [PMCID: PMC6022395 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.234617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Dholaria
- Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - D Yadav
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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