1
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Mas E, Cochard H, Deluigi J, Didion-Gency M, Martin-StPaul N, Morcillo L, Valladares F, Vilagrosa A, Grossiord C. Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure. New Phytol 2024; 241:1021-1034. [PMID: 37897156 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixing species with contrasting resource use strategies could reduce forest vulnerability to extreme events. Yet, how species diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses to heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown. Using open-top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, species interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate heat and drought impacts on the hydraulic traits of juvenile European beech and pubescent oak. Using modeling, we estimated species interaction effects on timing to drought-induced mortality and the underlying mechanisms driving these impacts. We show that mixtures mitigate adverse heat and drought impacts for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, and delayed stomatal closure) but enhance them for beech (lower water potential and stomatal conductance, narrower leaf safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential underlying mechanisms include oak's larger canopy and higher transpiration, allowing for quicker exhaustion of soil water in mixtures. Our findings highlight that diversity has the potential to alter the effects of extreme events, which would ensure that some species persist even if others remain sensitive. Among the many processes driving diversity effects, differences in canopy size and transpiration associated with the stomatal regulation strategy seem the primary mechanisms driving mortality vulnerability in mixed seedling plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Janisse Deluigi
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE, DomaineSaint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luna Morcillo
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Depto de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Morcillo L, Turrión D, Fuentes D, Vilagrosa A. Drone-based assessment of microsite-scale hydrological processes promoted by restoration actions in early post-mining ecological restoration stages. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119468. [PMID: 37931436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A successful choice of post-mining restoration activities in dry climates may depend on relevant features related to topographic characteristics, hydrological processes and vegetation development, which will determine functional recovery in these ecosystems. The combination of different restoration techniques to reestablish vegetation, such as sowing and plantation, implies the interspersion of bare-soil areas with vegetated areas in early plant development stages, which may result in an associated mosaic of hydrologic functioning. In this study, we conducted a drone-based assessment to disentangle the role played by microsite-scale hydrological processes (i.e., planting hole slope, sink volume capacity, individual catchment area, Flow Length Index) promoted by restoration actions in soil protection and vegetation development on the hillside scale. Based on two contrasting restoration scenarios (Steep hillside and Smooth hillside), the different applied restoration treatments conditioned the microtopographic processes on the planting hole scale and, therefore, resource redistribution. The main results showed higher planting hole functionality on the smooth hillsides than on steep hillside, which resulted in greater water availability and bigger vegetation patches. By addressing the role of hydrological processes on the microsite scale, our study contributes substantially to prior knowledge on the relevant factors for ecosystem development and post-mining restoration success. It also demonstrates that high-resolution drone images can be a very useful tool for monitoring restoration actions, especially in large, inaccessible and unstable restored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Morcillo
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation). Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Diana Turrión
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation). Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Fuentes
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Ecodrone Works, 03550, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation). Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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3
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Vicente E, Didion-Gency M, Morcillo L, Morin X, Vilagrosa A, Grossiord C. Aridity and cold temperatures drive divergent adjustments of European beech xylem anatomy, hydraulics and leaf physiological traits. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1720-1735. [PMID: 35285500 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant trait coordination and variance across climatic gradients is critical for assessing forests' adaptive potential to climate change. We measured 11 hydraulic, anatomical and leaf-level physiological traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along a moisture and temperature gradient in the French Alps. We assessed how traits covaried, and how their population-level variances shifted along the gradient. The intrapopulation variances of vessel size and xylem-specific conductivity reduced in colder locations as narrow vessels were observed in response to low temperature. This decreased individual-level water transport capacity compared with the warmer and more xeric sites. Conversely, the maximum stomatal conductance and Huber value variances were constrained in the arid and warm locations, where trees showed restricted gas exchange and higher xylem-specific conductivity. The populations growing under drier and warmer conditions presented wide variance for the xylem anatomical and hydraulic traits. Our results suggest that short-term physiological acclimation to raising aridity and heat in southern beech populations may occur mainly at the leaf level. Furthermore, the wide variance of the xylem anatomical and hydraulic traits at these sites may be advantageous since more heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity could imply populations' greater tree-tree complementarity and resilience against climatic variability. Our study highlights that both intrapopulation trait variance and trait network analysis are key approaches for understanding species adaptation and the acclimation potential to a shifting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vicente
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, IMEM Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, Alicante 03080, Spain
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Luna Morcillo
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE UMR 5175 (CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, IRD), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5 F-34293, France
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, PO box 96, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, PO box 96, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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4
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Morcillo L, Muñoz-Rengifo JC, Torres-Ruiz JM, Delzon S, Moutahir H, Vilagrosa A. Post-drought conditions and hydraulic dysfunction determine tree resilience and mortality across Mediterranean Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) populations after an extreme drought event. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1364-1376. [PMID: 35038335 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought-related tree mortality is a global phenomenon that currently affects a wide range of forests. Key functional variables on plant hydraulics, carbon economy, growth and allocation have been identified and play a role in tree drought responses. However, tree mortality thresholds based on such variables are difficult to identify, especially under field conditions. We studied several Aleppo pine populations differently affected by an extreme drought event in 2014, with mortality rates ranging from no mortality to 90% in the most severely affected population. We hypothesized that mortality is linked with high levels of xylem embolism, i.e., hydraulic dysfunction, which would also lead to lower tree resistance to drought in subsequent years. Despite not finding any differences among populations in the vulnerability curves to xylem embolism, there were large differences in the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) and the hydraulic dysfunction level. High mortality rates were associated with a negative HSM when xylem embolism reached values over 60%. We also found forest weakening and post-drought mortality related to a low hydraulic water transport capacity, reduced plant growth, low carbohydrate contents and high pest infestation rates. Our results highlight the importance of drought severity and the hydraulic dysfunction level on pine mortality, as well as post-drought conditions during recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morcillo
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - J C Muñoz-Rengifo
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Department of Earth Science, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - J M Torres-Ruiz
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - S Delzon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Pessac 33615, France
| | - H Moutahir
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
| | - A Vilagrosa
- Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM Foundation), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante 03690, Spain
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5
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Chevilly S, Dolz-Edo L, Martínez-Sánchez G, Morcillo L, Vilagrosa A, López-Nicolás JM, Blanca J, Yenush L, Mulet JM. Distinctive Traits for Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:777060. [PMID: 34804107 PMCID: PMC8600367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop with important agronomic interest worldwide. Because of the increase of drought and salinity in many cultivation areas as a result of anthropogenic global warming, the obtention of varieties tolerant to these conditions is a major objective for agronomical improvement. The identification of the limiting factors for stress tolerance could help to define the objectives and the traits which could be improved by classical breeding or other techniques. With this objective, we have characterized, at the physiological and biochemical levels, two different cultivars (sensitive or tolerant) of two different melon varieties (Galia and Piel de Sapo) under controlled drought or salt stress. We have performed physiological measurements, a complete amino acid profile and we have determined the sodium, potassium and hormone concentrations. This has allowed us to determine that the distinctive general trait for salt tolerance in melon are the levels of phenylalanine, histidine, proline and the Na+/K+ ratio, while the distinctive traits for drought tolerance are the hydric potential, isoleucine, glycine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, serine, and asparagine. These could be useful markers for breeding strategies or to predict which varieties are likely perform better under drought or salt stress. Our study has also allowed us to identify which metabolites and physiological traits are differentially regulated upon salt and drought stress between different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chevilly
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Martínez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luna Morcillo
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante–Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante–Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Blanca
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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Chevilly S, Dolz-Edo L, Morcillo L, Vilagrosa A, López-Nicolás JM, Yenush L, Mulet JM. Identification of distinctive physiological and molecular responses to salt stress among tolerant and sensitive cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:488. [PMID: 34696731 PMCID: PMC8543863 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt stress is one of the main constraints determining crop productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for food production. The aim of this study was to characterize the salt stress response at the physiological and molecular level of different Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck) cultivars that were previously characterized in field and greenhouse trials as salt sensitive or salt tolerant. This study aimed to identify functional and molecular traits capable of predicting the ability of uncharacterized lines to cope with salt stress. For this purpose, this study measured different physiological parameters, hormones and metabolites under control and salt stress conditions. RESULTS This study found significant differences among cultivars for stomatal conductance, transpiration, methionine, proline, threonine, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and indolacetic acid. Salt tolerant cultivars were shown to accumulate less sodium and potassium in leaves and have a lower sodium to potassium ratio under salt stress. Analysis of primary metabolites indicated that salt tolerant cultivars have higher concentrations of several intermediates of the Krebs cycle and the substrates of some anaplerotic reactions. CONCLUSIONS This study has found that the energetic status of the plant, the sodium extrusion and the proline content are the limiting factors for broccoli tolerance to salt stress. Our results establish physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict salt tolerance in Broccoli or to design novel biotechnological or breeding strategies for improving broccoli tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chevilly
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luna Morcillo
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante – CEAM, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante – CEAM, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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7
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Santiago LS, Poyatos R, Badiella L, de Cáceres M, Aranda I, Delzon S, Vilagrosa A, Mencuccini M. Towards a statistically robust determination of minimum water potential and hydraulic risk in plants. New Phytol 2021; 232:404-417. [PMID: 34153132 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Minimum water potential (Ψmin ) is a key variable for characterizing dehydration tolerance and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) in plants. Ψmin is usually estimated as the absolute minimum tissue Ψ experienced by a species, but this is problematic because sample extremes are affected by sample size and the underlying probability distribution. We compare alternative approaches to estimate Ψmin and assess the corresponding uncertainties and biases; propose statistically robust estimation methods based on extreme value theory (EVT); and assess the implications of our results for the characterization of hydraulic risk. Our results show that current estimates of Ψmin and HSMs are biased, as they are strongly affected by sample size. Because sampling effort is generally higher for species living in dry environments, the differences in current Ψmin estimates between these species and those living under milder conditions are partly artefactual. When this bias is corrected using EVT methods, resulting HSMs tend to increase substantially with resistance to embolism across species. Although data availability and representativeness remain the main challenges for proper determination of Ψmin , a closer look at Ψ distributions and the use of statistically robust methods to estimate Ψmin opens new ground for characterizing plant hydraulic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Llorenç Badiella
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Miquel de Cáceres
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Dept Ecology, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, PO Box 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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8
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Chevilly S, Dolz-Edo L, López-Nicolás JM, Morcillo L, Vilagrosa A, Yenush L, Mulet JM. Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Differential Response of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Cultivars Reveals Limiting Factors for Broccoli Tolerance to Drought Stress. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:10394-10404. [PMID: 34445860 PMCID: PMC8528380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli is a cruciferous crop rich in health-promoting metabolites. Due to several factors, including anthropogenic global warming, aridity is increasing in many cultivation areas. There is a great demand to characterize the drought response of broccoli and use this knowledge to develop new cultivars able to maintain yield under water constraints. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck) cultivars, previously characterized as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits, which can constitute limiting factors for drought stress tolerance in broccoli. For this purpose, we have compared several physiological parameters and the complete profiles of amino acids, primary metabolites, hormones, and ions of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars under stress and control conditions. We have found that drought-tolerant cultivars presented higher levels of methionine and abscisic acid and lower amounts of urea, quinic acid, and the gluconic acid lactone. Interestingly, we have also found that a drought treatment increases the levels of most essential amino acids in leaves and in florets. Our results have established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in broccoli or which could be reliably used for breeding new cultivars adapted to water scarcity. We have also found that a drought treatment increases the content of essential amino acids in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Chevilly
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Dolz-Edo
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. López-Nicolás
- Departamento
de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luna Morcillo
- Fundación
Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research
Unit University of Alicante—CEAM, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación
Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research
Unit University of Alicante—CEAM, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto
de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- . Tel: +34 96 387
77 75. Fax: +34 96 387 78 59
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9
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Grossiord C, Ulrich DEM, Vilagrosa A. Controls of the hydraulic safety-efficiency trade-off. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:573-576. [PMID: 32050013 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danielle E M Ulrich
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 1156-1174 S 11th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Dept Ecology, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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10
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Grossiord C, Gessler A, Reed SC, Borrego I, Collins AD, Dickman LT, Ryan M, Schönbeck L, Sevanto S, Vilagrosa A, McDowell NG. Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:2627-2637. [PMID: 29974965 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming should result in hotter droughts of unprecedented severity in this century. Such droughts have been linked with massive tree mortality, and data suggest that warming interacts with drought to aggravate plant performance. Yet how forests will respond to hotter droughts remains unclear, as does the suite of mechanisms trees use to deal with hot droughts. We used an ecosystem-scale manipulation of precipitation and temperature on piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees to investigate nitrogen (N) cycling-induced mitigation processes related to hotter droughts. We found that while negative impacts on plant carbon and water balance are manifest after prolonged drought, performance reductions were not amplified by warmer temperatures. Rather, increased temperatures for 5 years stimulated soil N cycling under piñon trees and modified tree N allocation for both species, resulting in mitigation of hotter drought impacts on tree water and carbon functions. These findings suggest that adjustments in N cycling are likely after multi-year warming conditions and that such changes may buffer reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts. The results highlight our incomplete understanding of trees' ability to acclimate to climate change, raising fundamental questions about the resistance potential of forests to long-term, compound climatic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT
| | - Isaac Borrego
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT
| | - Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Lee T Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación CEAM, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante - CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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11
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Taïbi K, Del Campo AD, Vilagrosa A, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, López-Nicolás JM, Mulet JM. Distinctive physiological and molecular responses to cold stress among cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive Pinus halepensis seed sources. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:236. [PMID: 30326850 PMCID: PMC6192292 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest species ranges are confined by environmental limitations such as cold stress. The natural range shifts of pine forests due to climate change and proactive-assisted population migration may each be constrained by the ability of pine species to tolerate low temperatures, especially in northern latitudes or in high altitudes. The aim of this study is to characterize the response of cold-tolerant versus cold-sensitive Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) seedlings at the physiological and the molecular level under controlled cold conditions to identify distinctive features which allow us to explain the phenotypic difference. With this objective gas-exchange and water potential was determined and the photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, glutathione and free amino acids content were measured in seedlings of different provenances under control and cold stress conditions. RESULTS Glucose and fructose content can be highlighted as a potential distinctive trait for cold-tolerant P. halepensis seedlings. At the amino acid level, there was a significant increase and accumulation of glutathione, proline, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine and tryptophan along with a significant decrease of glycine. CONCLUSION Our results established that the main difference between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive seedlings of P. halepensis is the ability to accumulate the antioxidant glutathione and osmolytes such as glucose and fructose, proline and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taïbi
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Ibn Khaldoun University, BP 78, Karman Campus, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria.
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio D Del Campo
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante - CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José María Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Grossiord C, Sevanto S, Borrego I, Chan AM, Collins AD, Dickman LT, Hudson PJ, McBranch N, Michaletz ST, Pockman WT, Ryan M, Vilagrosa A, McDowell NG. Tree water dynamics in a drying and warming world. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:1861-1873. [PMID: 28556263 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the relative impacts of precipitation reduction and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on plant water dynamics and determining whether acclimation may influence these patterns in the future is an important challenge. Here, we report sap flux density (FD ), stomatal conductance (Gs ), hydraulic conductivity (KL ) and xylem anatomy in piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees subjected to five years of precipitation reduction, atmospheric warming (elevated VPD) and their combined effects. No acclimation occurred under precipitation reduction: lower Gs and FD were found for both species compared to ambient conditions. Warming reduced the sensibility of stomata to VPD for both species but resulted in the maintenance of Gs and FD to ambient levels only for piñon. For juniper, reduced soil moisture under warming negated benefits of stomatal adjustments and resulted in reduced FD , Gs and KL . Although reduced stomatal sensitivity to VPD also occurred under combined stresses, reductions in Gs , FD and KL took place to similar levels as under single stresses for both species. Our results show that stomatal conductance adjustments to high VPD could minimize but not entirely prevent additive effects of warming and drying on water use and carbon acquisition of trees in semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Isaac Borrego
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Allison M Chan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Lee T Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Patrick J Hudson
- Department of Biology, MSC03 202, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Natalie McBranch
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - William T Pockman
- Department of Biology, MSC03 202, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación CEAM, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante - CEAM, Univ. Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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13
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Bautista S, Llovet J, Ocampo-Melgar A, Vilagrosa A, Mayor ÁG, Murias C, Vallejo VR, Orr BJ. Integrating knowledge exchange and the assessment of dryland management alternatives - A learning-centered participatory approach. J Environ Manage 2017; 195:35-45. [PMID: 27939811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable land management strategies and practices that respond to current climate and human pressures requires both assessment tools that can lead to better informed decision-making and effective knowledge-exchange mechanisms that facilitate new learning and behavior change. We propose a learning-centered participatory approach that links land management assessment and knowledge exchange and integrates science-based data and stakeholder perspectives on both biophysical and socio-economic attributes. We outline a structured procedure for a transparent assessment of land management alternatives, tailored to dryland management, that is based on (1) principles of constructivism and social learning, (2) the participation of stakeholders throughout the whole assessment process, from design to implementation, and (3) the combination of site-specific indicators, identified by local stakeholders as relevant to their particular objectives and context conditions, and science-based indicators that represent ecosystem services of drylands worldwide. The proposed procedure follows a pattern of eliciting, challenging, and self-reviewing stakeholder perspectives that aims to facilitate learning. The difference between the initial baseline perspectives and the final self-reviewed stakeholder perspectives is used as a proxy of learning. We illustrate the potential of this methodology by its application to the assessment of land uses in a Mediterranean fire-prone area in East Spain. The approach may be applied to a variety of socio-ecological systems and decision-making and governance scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Llovet
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Anahí Ocampo-Melgar
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Spain; Fundación CEAM, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángeles G Mayor
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Barron J Orr
- Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, Spain; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, AZ, USA
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14
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Taïbi K, del Campo AD, Vilagrosa A, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, Pla D, Calvete JJ, López-Nicolás JM, Mulet JM. Drought Tolerance in Pinus halepensis Seed Sources As Identified by Distinctive Physiological and Molecular Markers. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1202. [PMID: 28791030 PMCID: PMC5523154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main constraints determining forest species growth, survival and productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for reforestation or afforestation. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different Pinus halepensis (common name Aleppo pine) seed sources, previously characterized in field trials as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits capable of predicting the ability of formerly uncharacterized seedlings to cope with drought stress. Gas-exchange, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, glutathione and proteomic analyses were carried out on control and drought-stressed seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Gas-exchange determinations were also assessed in field-planted seedlings in order to validate the greenhouse experimental conditions. Drought-tolerant seed sources presented higher values of photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates concentrations. We observed the same pattern of variation of photosynthesis rate and maximal efficiency of PSII in field. Interestingly drought-tolerant seed sources exhibited increased levels of glutathione, methionine and cysteine. The proteomic profile of drought tolerant seedlings identified two heat shock proteins and an enzyme related to methionine biosynthesis that were not present in drought sensitive seedlings, pointing to the synthesis of sulfur amino acids as a limiting factor for drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis. Our results established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis provenances that could be reliably used in reforestation programs in drought prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taïbi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Ibn Khaldoun UniversityTiaret, Algeria
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Mulet, Khaled Taïbi,
| | - Antonio D. del Campo
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante – CEAM, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
| | - José M. Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Davinia Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Calvete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - José M. López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Mulet, Khaled Taïbi,
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15
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Pausas JG, Pratt RB, Keeley JE, Jacobsen AL, Ramirez AR, Vilagrosa A, Paula S, Kaneakua-Pia IN, Davis SD. Towards understanding resprouting at the global scale. New Phytol 2016; 209:945-954. [PMID: 26443127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting plant response to disturbance is of paramount importance in our changing world. Resprouting ability is often considered a simple qualitative trait and used in many ecological studies. Our aim is to show some of the complexities of resprouting while highlighting cautions that need be taken in using resprouting ability to predict vegetation responses across disturbance types and biomes. There are marked differences in resprouting depending on the disturbance type, and fire is often the most severe disturbance because it includes both defoliation and lethal temperatures. In the Mediterranean biome, there are differences in functional strategies to cope with water deficit between resprouters (dehydration avoiders) and nonresprouters (dehydration tolerators); however, there is little research to unambiguously extrapolate these results to other biomes. Furthermore, predictions of vegetation responses to changes in disturbance regimes require consideration not only of resprouting, but also other relevant traits (e.g. seeding, bark thickness) and the different correlations among traits observed in different biomes; models lacking these details would behave poorly at the global scale. Overall, the lessons learned from a given disturbance regime and biome (e.g. crown-fire Mediterranean ecosystems) can guide research in other ecosystems but should not be extrapolated at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, Ctra.Naquera Km 4.5 (IVIA), 46113, Montcada, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Jon E Keeley
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sequoia Field Station, Three Rivers, CA, 93271, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Aaron R Ramirez
- Department of Biology, California State University, 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Susana Paula
- ICAE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iolana N Kaneakua-Pia
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Stephen D Davis
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
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16
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Peguero-Pina JJ, Sancho-Knapik D, Barrón E, Camarero JJ, Vilagrosa A, Gil-Pelegrín E. Morphological and physiological divergences within Quercus ilex support the existence of different ecotypes depending on climatic dryness. Ann Bot 2014; 114:301-13. [PMID: 24941998 PMCID: PMC4111378 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies show apparently contradictory findings about the functional convergence within the Mediterranean woody flora. In this context, this study evaluates the variability of functional traits within holm oak (Quercus ilex) to elucidate whether provenances corresponding to different morphotypes represent different ecotypes locally adapted to the prevaling stress levels. METHODS Several morphological and physiological traits were measured at leaf and shoot levels in 9-year-old seedlings of seven Q. ilex provenances including all recognized morphotypes. Plants were grown in a common garden for 9 years under the same environmental conditions to avoid possible biases due to site-specific characteristics. KEY RESULTS Leaf morphometry clearly separates holm oak provenances into 'ilex' (more elongated leaves with low vein density) and 'rotundifolia' (short and rounded leaves with high vein density) morphotypes. Moreover, these morphotypes represent two consistent and very contrasting functional types in response to dry climates, mainly in terms of leaf area, major vein density, leaf specific conductivity, resistance to drought-induced cavitation and turgor loss point. CONCLUSIONS The 'ilex' and 'rotundifolia' morphotypes correspond to different ecotypes as inferred from their contrasting functional traits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the combined use of morphological and physiological traits has provided support for the concept of these two holm oak morphotypes being regarded as two different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Barrón
- Museo Geominero, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Jesús Camarero
- ARAID, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, PO Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Disante KB, Cortina J, Vilagrosa A, Fuentes D, Hernández EI, Ljung K. Alleviation of Zn toxicity by low water availability. Physiol Plant 2014; 150:412-424. [PMID: 23992347 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination and drought are expected to increase in large areas worldwide. However, their combined effect on plant performance has been scantly analyzed. This study examines the effect of Zn supply at different water availabilities on morpho-physiological traits of Quercus suber L. in order to analyze the combined effects of both stresses. Seedlings were treated with four levels of zinc from 3 to 150 µM and exposed to low watering (LW) or high watering (HW) frequency in hydroponic culture, using a growth chamber. Under both watering regimes, Zn concentration in leaves and roots increased with Zn increment in nutrient solution. Nevertheless, at the highest Zn doses, Zn tissue concentrations were almost twice in HW than in LW seedlings. Functional traits as leaf photosynthetic rate and root hydraulic conductivity, and morphological traits as root length and root biomass decreased significantly in response to Zn supply. Auxin levels increased with Zn concentrations, suggesting the involvement of this phytohormone in the seedling response to this element. LW seedlings exposed to 150 µM Zn showed higher root length and root biomass than HW seedlings exposed to the same Zn dose. Our results suggest that low water availability could mitigate Zn toxicity by limiting internal accumulation. Morphological traits involved in the response to both stresses probably contributed to this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Disante
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef" (IMEM), Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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18
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Vilagrosa A, Hernández EI, Luis VC, Cochard H, Pausas JG. Physiological differences explain the co-existence of different regeneration strategies in Mediterranean ecosystems. New Phytol 2014; 201:1277-1288. [PMID: 24304517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
• Fire and drought are selective driving forces in Mediterranean plants, and thus their ability to resprout or recruit after these disturbances is of paramount importance. The contrast in regeneration niche between resprouters and seeders, and each group's different root characteristics, suggest that they are subjected to different degrees of environmental stress and, consequently, to different evolutionary forces. • We compared leaf traits, xylem traits related to hydraulic efficiency and vulnerability to cavitation, and the physiological response to an imposed drought between seedlings of resprouters and seedlings of seeders. We used 12 species co-existing in Mediterranean basin ecosystems. • Major differences were found in the xylem architecture and leaf traits, and in the response to drought conditions. Seeders were more efficient at transporting water to leaves but formed, in turn, a safer xylem network. They also presented higher photosynthesis and transpiration rates, and earlier stomatal closure with drought, but good leaf dehydration tolerance. • Seeders and resprouters can be considered two syndromes whose different functional characteristics are related to water availability and drought responses. These characteristics, together with their differences in rooting habits, account for their distinct regeneration niches and, thus, their co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Vanessa C Luis
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, Ctra. Nàquera Km. 4.5 (IVIA), 46113, Montcada, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Cochard H, Herbette S, Barigah T, Badel E, Ennajeh M, Vilagrosa A. Does sample length influence the shape of xylem embolism vulnerability curves? A test with the Cavitron spinning technique. Plant Cell Environ 2010; 33:1543-1552. [PMID: 20444214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Cavitron spinning technique is used to construct xylem embolism vulnerability curves (VCs), but its reliability has been questioned for species with long vessels. This technique generates two types of VC: sigmoid 's'-shaped and exponential, levelling-off 'r'-shaped curves. We tested the hypothesis that 'r'-shaped VCs were anomalous and caused by the presence of vessels cut open during sample preparation. A Cavitron apparatus was used to construct VCs from samples of different lengths in species with contrasting vessel lengths. The results were compared with VCs obtained using other independent techniques. When vessel length exceeded sample length, VCs were 'r'-shaped and anomalous. Filling vessels cut open at both ends with air before measurement produced more typical 's'-shaped VCs. We also found that exposing segments of 11 woody species in a Cavitron at the pressure measured in planta before sampling considerably increased the degree of embolism above the native state level for species with long vessels. We concluded that open vessels were abnormally more vulnerable to cavitation than intact vessels. We recommend restricting this technique to species with short conduits. The relevance of our conclusions for other spinning techniques is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Vilagrosa A, Cortina J, Rubio E, Trubat R, Chirino E, Gil-Pelegrin E, Vallejo VR. The role of ecophysiology in reforestation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.5424/srf/2005143-00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vilagrosa A, Bellot J, Vallejo VR, Gil-Pelegrin E. Cavitation, stomatal conductance, and leaf dieback in seedlings of two co-occurring Mediterranean shrubs during an intense drought. J Exp Bot 2003; 54:2015-24. [PMID: 12885857 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erg221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seedling shrubs in the Mediterranean semi-arid climate are subjected to intense droughts during summer. Thus, seedlings often surpass their limits of tolerance to water stress, resulting in the loss of hydraulic conductivity due to xylem cavitation. The response in terms of stomatal conductance, vulnerability to cavitation, leaf dieback, and survival were analysed in two co-occurring seedlings of mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) and kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) during an intense drought period. Both species reacted to drought with steep decreases in stomatal conductance before the critical water potential brought about the onset of cavitation events. Q. coccifera showed wider safety margins for avoiding runaway embolism than P. lentiscus and these differences could be related to the particular drought strategy displayed by each species: water saver or water spender. The limits for survival, resprout capacity and leaf dieback were also analysed in terms of loss of conductivity. By contrast with previous studies, the species showing higher seedling survival in the presence of drought also showed higher susceptibility to cavitation and operated with a lower safety margin for cavitation. Both species showed a leaf specific conductivity (LSC) threshold below which leaf biomass had to be regulated to avoid runaway embolism. However, each species displayed a different type of response: P. lentiscus conserved total leaf area up to 100% loss of LSC, whereas Q. coccifera continuously adjusted leaf biomass throughout the drought period in order to maintain the LSC very close to the maximum values recorded without loss of conductivity. Both species maintained the capacity for survival until the loss of conductivity was very nearly 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vilagrosa
- CEAM-Department de Ecologia, Universitat d'Alacant, POB 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain.
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