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Williams BJ, Bhatia S, Adams LK, Boling S, Carroll JL, Li XL, Rogers DL, Korokhov N, Kovesdi I, Pereboev AV, Curiel DT, Mathis JM. Dendritic cell based PSMA immunotherapy for prostate cancer using a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46981. [PMID: 23056548 PMCID: PMC3466199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostate tumor vaccine and gene therapy trials using ex vivo methods to prime dendritic cells (DCs) with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been somewhat successful, but to date the lengthy ex vivo manipulation of DCs has limited the widespread clinical utility of this approach. Our goal was to improve upon cancer vaccination with tumor antigens by delivering PSMA via a CD40-targeted adenovirus vector directly to DCs as an efficient means for activation and antigen presentation to T-cells. To test this approach, we developed a mouse model of prostate cancer by generating clonal derivatives of the mouse RM-1 prostate cancer cell line expressing human PSMA (RM-1-PSMA cells). To maximize antigen presentation in target cells, both MHC class I and TAP protein expression was induced in RM-1 cells by transduction with an Ad vector expressing interferon-gamma (Ad5-IFNγ). Administering DCs infected ex vivo with CD40-targeted Ad5-huPSMA, as well as direct intraperitoneal injection of the vector, resulted in high levels of tumor-specific CTL responses against RM-1-PSMA cells pretreated with Ad5-IFNγ as target cells. CD40 targeting significantly improved the therapeutic antitumor efficacy of Ad5-huPSMA encoding PSMA when combined with Ad5-IFNγ in the RM-1-PSMA model. These results suggest that a CD-targeted adenovirus delivering PSMA may be effective clinically for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/genetics
- Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Jill Williams
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Adams
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Susan Boling
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Carroll
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Donna L. Rogers
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nikolay Korokhov
- VectorLogics, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Imre Kovesdi
- VectorLogics, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Alexander V. Pereboev
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Mathis
- Gene Therapy Program, Departments of Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2
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Kim YS, Han SH, Kim YJ, Ko HJ, Park HJ, Pereboev AV, Nguyen HH, Kang CY. Increase of antigen expression and activation of APCs by targeting adenovirus to CD40 significantly enhanced therapeutic effect of antigen presenting cell-based anti-tumor vaccine (41.18). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.41.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The efficacy of antigen presenting cell (APC)-based vaccines generated in vitro by genetic transduction critically depends on the expression level of target antigen and the activation status of APCs. Although APCs such as DCs and B cells transduced by recombinant adenovirus (AdV) readily induced antigen specific immune responses, they are relative resistant to adenoviral transduction due to the lack of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR), which mediates adenovirus entry. In this study, we used recombinant adapter molecule, CFm40L, which consists of CAR genetically fused to CD40 ligand via a trimerization motif, to target Her-2/neu or HPV16 E6/E7-encoding AdV to DCs and B cells that express CD40. Such transduced DCs and B cells enhanced substantially immunity against Her-2/neu or HPV16 E6/E7-expressing tumor resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Especially, the anti-tumor effect of B cell-based vaccines transduced with CD40-targeted adenoviral vector is comparable to that of DC-based vaccines, indicating the feasibility of B cell-based vaccine for anti-cancer therapy. Our results suggest that targeting AdV to APC via CD40 using CFm40L offers a novel approach in anti-tumor therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sun Kim
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hae-Jung Park
- 2Laboratory of Viral Immunology, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Huan H. Nguyen
- 2Laboratory of Viral Immunology, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
- 4Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama , Birmingham, AL
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- 1Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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3
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Huang D, Pereboev AV, Korokhov N, He R, Larocque L, Gravel C, Jaentschke B, Tocchi M, Casley WL, Lemieux M, Curiel DT, Chen W, Li X. Significant alterations of biodistribution and immune responses in Balb/c mice administered with adenovirus targeted to CD40(+) cells. Gene Ther 2007; 15:298-308. [PMID: 18046426 PMCID: PMC7091597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligation has been shown to promote antigen-presenting functions of dendritic cells, which express CD40 receptor. Here we reported significantly altered biodistribution and immune responses with the use of CD40-targeted adenovirus. Compared with unmodified adenovirus 5, the CD40-targeted adenovirus following intravenous administration (i.v.) resulted in increased transgene expressions in the lung and thymus, which normally do not take up significant amounts of adenovirus. Intradermal injection saw modified adenovirus being mainly processed in local draining lymph nodes and skin. Following intranasal administration (i.n.), neither unmodified nor targeted viruses were found to be in the liver or spleen, which predominantly took up the virus following i.v. administration. However, inadvertent infection of the brain was found with unmodified adenoviruses, with the second highest gene expression among 14 tissues examined. Importantly, such undesirable effects were largely ablated with the use of targeted vector. Moreover, the targeted adenovirus elicited more sustained antigen-specific cellular immune responses (up to 17-fold) at later time points (30 days post boosting), but also significantly hampered humoral responses irrespective of administration routes. Additional data suggest the skewed immune responses induced by the targeted adenoviruses were not due to the identity of the transgene but more likely a combination of overall transgene load and CD40 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huang
- Centre for Biologics Research, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Everts M, Kim-Park SA, Preuss MA, Passineau MJ, Glasgow JN, Pereboev AV, Mahasreshti PJ, Grizzle WE, Reynolds PN, Curiel DT. Selective induction of tumor-associated antigens in murine pulmonary vasculature using double-targeted adenoviral vectors. Gene Ther 2005; 12:1042-8. [PMID: 15789059 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies directed to tumor-associated antigens are being investigated for the treatment of cancer. However, there are few suitable animal models for testing the ability to target these tumor markers. Therefore, we have exploited mice transgenic for the human coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (hCAR) to establish a new model for transient expression of human tumor-associated antigens in the pulmonary vasculature. Systemic administration of Ad in hCAR mice resulted in an increase in transgene expression in the lungs compared to wild-type mice, as determined using a luciferase reporter gene. To reduce transgene expression in the liver, the predominant organ of ectopic Ad localization and transgene expression following systemic administration, we utilized the endothelial-specific flt-1 promoter, which resulted in a further increased lung-to-liver ratio of luciferase expression. Administration of an adenoviral vector encoding the tumor-associated antigen carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) under transcriptional control of the flt-1 promoter resulted in selective expression of this antigen in the pulmonary vasculature of hCAR mice. Feasibility of targeting to expressed CEA was subsequently demonstrated using adenoviral vectors preincubated with a bifunctional adapter molecule recognizing this tumor-associated antigen, thus demonstrating utility of this transient transgenic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Everts
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA
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5
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Pereboev AV, Nagle JM, Shakhmatov MA, Triozzi PL, Matthews QL, Kawakami Y, Curiel DT, Blackwell JL. Enhanced gene transfer to mouse dendritic cells using adenoviral vectors coated with a novel adapter molecule. Mol Ther 2004; 9:712-20. [PMID: 15120332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated transduction of dendritic cells (DC) is inefficient because of the lack of the primary Ad receptor, CAR. DC infection with Ad targeted to the CD40 results in increased gene transfer. The current report describes further development of the CD40-targeting approach using an adapter molecule that bridges the fiber of the Ad5 to CD40 on mouse DC. The adapter molecule, CFm40L, consists of CAR fused to mouse CD40 ligand via a trimerization motif. A stable cell line that secretes CFm40L at high levels was generated. Gene transfer to mouse bone marrow-derived DC (mBMDC) using CFm40L-targeted Ad was over 4 orders of magnitude more efficient than that for the untargeted Ad5. Gene transfer was achieved to over 70% of the mBMDC compared to undetectable transduction using untargeted Ad5. In addition to dramatically enhanced gene transfer, the CFm40L-targeted Ad5 induced phenotypical maturation and upregulated IL-12 expression. Most importantly, the CFm40L-targeted Ad5 elicited specific immune response against a model antigen in vivo. The results of this study demonstrate that Ad-mediated gene transfer to DC can be significantly enhanced using nonnative transduction pathways, such the CD40 pathway, which may have important applications in genetic vaccination for cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Pereboev
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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6
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Short JJ, Pereboev AV, Kawakami Y, Vasu C, Holterman MJ, Curiel DT. Adenovirus serotype 3 utilizes CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) as cellular attachment receptors. Virology 2004; 322:349-59. [PMID: 15110532 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most viruses exploit a variety of host cellular proteins as primary cellular attachment receptors in the context of successful execution of infection. Furthermore, many viral agents have evolved precise mechanisms to subvert host immune recognition to achieve persistence. Herein we present data indicating that adenovirus (Ad) serotype 3 utilizes CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) as cellular attachment receptors. CD80 and CD86 are co-stimulatory molecules that are present on mature dendritic cells and B lymphocytes and are involved in stimulating T-lymphocyte activation. To our knowledge, this is one of the first demonstrations of a virus utilizing immunologic accessory molecules as a primary means of cellular entry. This finding suggests a mechanism whereby viral exploitation of these proteins as receptors may achieve both goals of cellular entry and evading the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Short
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA
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7
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Hakkarainen T, Hemminki A, Pereboev AV, Barker SD, Asiedu CK, Strong TV, Kanerva A, Wahlfors J, Curiel DT. CD40 is expressed on ovarian cancer cells and can be utilized for targeting adenoviruses. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9:619-24. [PMID: 12576427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is widely expressed on various cell types in addition to hematopoietic cells. Recent studies show that CD40 expression is related to several carcinomas, although its role in cancer pathobiology is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the expression of CD40 on several ovarian carcinoma cell lines and the ability of CD40 to mediate targeted adenoviral infection in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD40 expression on ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical patient samples was examined by reverse transcription-PCR and flow cytometry. To study the utilization of CD40 for gene delivery, we precomplexed a luciferase coding adenovirus (Ad), Ad5luc1, with a CD40-targeting molecule (CAR/G28). RESULTS According to our studies, all of the examined ovarian cancer cell lines are expressing CD40. In addition, mRNA for CD40 was detected in every primary tumor sample, suggesting that CD40 is also expressed in vivo. Compared with nontargeted Ad, gene transfer was increased up to 40-fold in CD40+ cells when CD40-targeted Ad was used. Supporting the relation of targeted system to CD40, increasing the amount of targeting fusion protein results in dose response. Furthermore, blockade of CD40 receptors on cell surface decreases the infectability of CD40+ cells with CD40-targeted virus, indicating the specificity of the targeting system for CD40. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD40 is present in ovarian cancer cells and can be used for targeted gene delivery in a CAR-independent manner, circumventing the problem of the low expression levels of CAR in various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Hakkarainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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8
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Pereboev AV, Asiedu CK, Kawakami Y, Dong SS, Blackwell JL, Kashentseva EA, Triozzi PL, Aldrich WA, Curiel DT, Thomas JM, Dmitriev IP. Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor genetically fused to anti-human CD40 scFv enhances adenoviral transduction of dendritic cells. Gene Ther 2002; 9:1189-93. [PMID: 12170383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2001] [Accepted: 03/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A promising approach to immunotherapy involves the loading of dendritic cells (DCs) with genetic material to facilitate sustained expression of a relevant antigen in this population of potent antigen presenting cells (APC). Viral vectors such as adenovirus (Ad) have been used for this purpose. Existing methods for DC infection are limited by lack of specificity and a requirement for DC exposure to high viral doses. Targeting of Ad to DCs with bispecific antibodies has significantly augmented levels of transgene expression. Genetic fusion of the extracellular portion of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) to cell-specific ligands has also proved successful in targeting Ad to cells of interest. We report here the production and primary characterization of a new fusion protein comprising the ecto-domain of CAR connected to a single chain antibody (scFv) G28-5 against human CD40 present on the surface of DCs. We demonstrate that the fusion protein (CAR/G28) specifically interacts with both recombinant Ad fiber knob and the ecto-domain of human CD40 in a binding assay (ELISA). Finally, we show that the CAR/G28 fusion protein promotes highly efficient transduction of DCs of both rhesus monkey and human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Pereboev
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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9
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Pereboev AV, Ahmed N, thi Man N, Morris GE. Epitopes in the interacting regions of beta-dystroglycan (PPxY motif) and dystrophin (WW domain). Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1527:54-60. [PMID: 11420143 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dystroglycan gene produces two products from a single mRNA, the extracellular alpha-dystroglycan and the transmembrane beta-dystroglycan. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy protein, dystrophin, associates with the muscle membrane via beta-dystroglycan, the WW domain of dystrophin interacting with a PPxY motif in beta-dystroglycan. A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MANDAG1-4) was produced using the last 16 amino acids of beta-dystroglycan as immunogen. The mAbs recognized a 43 kDa band on Western blots of all cells and tissues tested and stained the sarcolemma in immunohistochemistry of skeletal muscle over a wide range of animal species. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the WW domain of dystrophin, MANHINGE4A, produced using a 16-mer synthetic peptide, recognized dystrophin on Western blots and also stained the sarcolemma. We have identified the precise sequences recognized by the mAbs using a phage-displayed random 15-mer peptide library. A 7-amino-acid consensus sequence SPPPYVP involved in binding all four beta-dystroglycan mAbs was identified by sequencing 17 different peptides selected from the library. PPY were the most important residues for three mAbs, but PxxVP were essential residues for a fourth mAb, MANDAG2. By sequencing five different random peptides from the library, the epitope on dystrophin recognized by mAb MANHINGE4A was identified as PWxRA in the first beta-strand of the WW domain, with the W and R residues invariably present. A recent three-dimensional structure confirms that the two epitopes are adjacent in the dystrophin-dystroglycan complex, highlighting the question of how the two interacting motifs can also be accessible to antibodies during immunolocalization in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Pereboev
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, North East Wales Institute, Mold Road, LL11 2AW, Wrexham, UK
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10
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Kazachinskaia EI, Pereboev AV, Chepurnov AA, Belanov EF, Razumov IA. [Monoclonal antibodies to Ebola virus: isolation, characteristics, and study of cross reactivity with Marburg virus]. Vopr Virusol 2000; 45:40-4. [PMID: 10867995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen hybridoma strains producing monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to Ebola virus were prepared by fusion of NS-O mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with purified and inactivated Ebola virus (Mayinga strain). Mabs directed against viral proteins were selected and tested by ELISA. Protein specificity of 13 Mabs was determined by immunoblotting with SDS-PAGE proteins of Ebola virus. Of these, 11 hybridoma Mabs reacted with 116 kDa protein (NP) and 2 with Ebola virus VP35. Antigenic cross-reactivity between Ebola and Marburg viruses was examined in ELISA and immunoblotting with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. In ELISA, polyclonal antibodies of immune sera to Ebola or Marburg viruses reacted with heterologous filoviruses, and two anti-NP Ebola antibodies (Mabs 7E1 and 6G8) cross-reacted with both viruses. Target proteins for cross-reactivity, Ebola NP (116 kDa) and Marburg NP (96 kDa), and VP35 of both filoviruses were detected by immunoblotting with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (6G8) to Ebola virus.
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12
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Abstract
A novel method for cloning DNase I fragments into bacteriophage display vector fUSE2 was used to create libraries expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein fragments on the phage surface. Selection by panning with a mixture of sera from five HCV-seropositive individuals enabled identification of antigenic determinants in NS3 (amino acids 1,383-1,415), NS4 (amino acids 1, 930-1,938), and NS5 (amino acids 2,088-2,104). The NS3 result is the most accurate location to date of a major conformational determinant that cannot be mimicked by short peptides. Any expressed sequence from the phage library can be excised with Bgl II and cloned directly into the Bgl II site of an appropriate plasmid for bacterial expression. This enables production of chimeric proteins containing multiple antigenic determinants, illustrated by co-expression of the NS4P (amino acids 1,930-1,938) epitope with an NS4N fragment (amino acids 1,644-1,812) containing at least three linear HCV epitopes. When used to screen 35 individual HCV-positive sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the chimeric antigen detected eight more positives than NS4N alone and gave increased immunoreactivity with others. This approach of identifying antigenic regions by phage display and then co-expressing them as chimeric proteins may be generally applicable to the production of improved diagnostic antigens and recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Pereboeva
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, N. E. Wales Institute, Wrexham, England
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13
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Abstract
A novel approach to screening phage-displayed peptide libraries has been used to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) core, NS4 and NS5 sequences, which are antigenic in humans. Two random peptide libraries were used for screening using a mixture of HCV-positive sera or individual antibodies to core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 HCV proteins affinity-purified from this mixture. Sequencing of 56 selected phage clones resulted in 28 different peptide sequences and identification of seven antigenic regions, three in the core protein (19-26, 34-49, and 73-83), three in the NS4 (1681-1693, 1712-1718, and 1726-1736) and one in the NS5 protein (2251-2260). No NS3-specific peptides were identified. The immune response to core, NS4 and NS5 proteins includes a variety of linear determinants whereas epitopes on the investigated part of NS3 protein appear to be conformation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Pereboeva
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, N.E. Wales Institute, Wrexham, UK
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14
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Abstract
A novel approach to screening phage-displayed peptide libraries has been used to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) core, NS4 and NS5 sequences, which are antigenic in humans. Two random peptide libraries were used for screening using a mixture of HCV-positive sera or individual antibodies to core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 HCV proteins affinity-purified from this mixture. Sequencing of 56 selected phage clones resulted in 28 different peptide sequences and identification of seven antigenic regions, three in the core protein (19-26, 34-49, and 73-83), three in the NS4 (1681-1693, 1712-1718, and 1726-1736) and one in the NS5 protein (2251-2260). No NS3-specific peptides were identified. The immune response to core, NS4 and NS5 proteins includes a variety of linear determinants whereas epitopes on the investigated part of NS3 protein appear to be conformation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Pereboeva
- MRIC Biochemistry Group, N.E. Wales Institute, Wrexham, UK
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15
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Pereboev AV, Razumov IA, Svyatchenko VA, Loktev VB. Glycoproteins E2 of the Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses contain multiple cross-reactive epitopes. Arch Virol 1996; 141:2191-205. [PMID: 8973533 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with sixty types of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to study cross-reactive epitopes on the attenuated and virulent strains of the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. All three structural proteins of the EEE and VEE viruses were demonstrated to have both cross-reactive and specific antigenic determinants. The glycoprotein E1 of EEE and VEE viruses possesses three cross-reactive epitopes for binding to MAbs. The glycoprotein E2 has a cluster of epitopes for 20 cross-reacting MAbs produced to EEE and VEE viruses. Cross-reactive epitopes were localised within five different sites of glycoprotein E2 of VEE virus and within four sites of that of the EEE virus. There are no cross-neutralising MAbs to the VEE and EEE viruses. Only one type of the protective Mabs was able to cross-protect mice against lethal infection by the virulent strains of the VEE and EEE viruses. Eight MAbs blocked the hemagglutination activity (HA) of both viruses. Antigenic alterations of neutralising and protective sites were revealed for all attenuated strains of the VEE and EEE viruses. Comparative studies of the E2 proteins amino acid sequences show that the antigenic modifications observed with the attenuated strains of the VEE virus may be caused by multiple amino acid changes in positions 7, 62, 120, 192 and 209-213. The escape-variants of the VEE virus obtained with cross-reactive MAbs 7D1, 2D4 and 7A6 have mutations of the E2 protein at positions 59, 212-213 and 232, respectively. Amino acid sequences in these regions of the VEE and EEE viruses are not homologous. These observations indicate that cross-reactive MAbs are capable of recognising discontinuous epitopes on the E2 glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Pereboev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
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16
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Loktev VB, Ilyichev AA, Eroshkin AM, Karpenko LI, Pokrovsky AG, Pereboev AV, Svyatchenko VA, Ignat'ev GM, Smolina MI, Melamed NV, Lebedeva CD, Sandakhchiev LS. Design of immunogens as components of a new generation of molecular vaccines. J Biotechnol 1996; 44:129-37. [PMID: 8717396 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Three new approaches to design effective immunogens are considered. At first, we derived an expression vector from bacteriophage M13 allowing the exposure of short peptides on the virion surface. EIA demonstrates that antibodies against a recombinant phage carrying the antigenic determinant of the HIV-1 gag protein reacted with the 17-kDa core protein of the virus and also with its polyprotein precursor p55 in immunoblotting. In another approach, we chose the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particle as a vehicle for the presentation of foreign antigenic determinants to the immune system. Chimerical particles of HBcAg containing epitope of the VEE virus were obtained. A vector system for insertion of foreign antigenic determinants and production of both hybrid and wild HBcAg proteins were also obtained. The third approach relies on construction of immunogens from different T- and B-cell epitopes of the HIV-1. We suggested to construct HIV-1 vaccines in a form of the TBI (T- and B-cell epitopes containing Immunogen) with a predetermined tertiary structure, namely, a four-alpha-helix bundle. The gene of the TBI protein consisting of nine HIV-1 epitopes was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Mice immunized with TBI showed humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. Anti-TBI antibodies displayed HIV-1 neutralizing activity. These new approaches offer promise in the development of new effective vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bacteriophage M13
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers
- Drug Design
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/immunology
- Escherichia coli
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Genes, gag
- HIV-1/immunology
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens/biosynthesis
- Hepatitis B Core Antigens/immunology
- Horses
- Humans
- Mice
- Models, Structural
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic
- Viral Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Loktev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Russia
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17
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Il'ichev AA, Melamed NV, Razumov IA, Maksiutov AZ, Pereboev AV, Zakabunin AI, Loktev VB. [Expression of fragments of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus E2 protein in a system based on phage T7 RNA polymerase]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 1996; 30:76-83. [PMID: 8714124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Eroshkin AM, Karginova EA, Gileva IP, Lomakin AS, Lebedev LR, Kamyinina TP, Pereboev AV, Ignat'ev GM. Design of four-helix bundle protein as a candidate for HIV vaccine. Protein Eng 1995; 8:167-73. [PMID: 7543204 DOI: 10.1093/protein/8.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To be efficient, a synthetic vaccine should contain different T and B cell epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens, and the B epitope regions in the vaccine and in the HIV should be conformationally similar. We have suggested previously the construction of vaccines in the form of a protein with a predetermined tertiary structure, namely a four-alpha-helix bundle. Antigenic determinants of cellular and humoral immunity are blocks for the vaccine design. From experimentally studied HIV-1 T and B cell epitopes, we constructed a sequence of a four-helix protein TBI (T and B cell epitopes containing immunogen). The gene of the protein was synthesized and the protein was produced in C600 Escherichia coli cells under recA promoter from Proteus mirabelis. CD spectroscopy of the protein demonstrated that 30% of amino acid residues adopt an alpha-helical conformation. Mice immunized with TBI have shown both humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1. The obtained data show that the design of TBI was successful. The synthesized gene structure makes possible further reconstruction and improvement of the protein vaccine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Eroshkin
- Research Institute of Molecular Biology, NPO VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
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19
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Razumov IA, Khusainova AD, Agapov EV, Pereboev AV, Kolykhalov AA, Netesov SV, Loktev VB. Analysis of the hemagglutination activity domains of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and eastern equine encephalomyelitis viruses. Intervirology 1994; 37:356-60. [PMID: 8586535 DOI: 10.1159/000150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemagglutination (HA) domains of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) and the eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) viruses providing the interaction of virions and red blood cells were studied with the use of a panel of 17 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A highly conserved domain (C domain) forming alphavirus-group-reactive MAbs was identified in the E2 protein of the VEE and EEE viruses. These MAbs inhibited HA of the western equine encephalomyelitis, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Getah, Aura, Chikungunya and Pixuna viruses. The involvement of amino acid residues 59 and 232 in the formation of the C region was demonstrated by sequencing the gene encoding the E2 protein of three escape variants of the VEE virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Razumov
- Institute of Molecular Biology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
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20
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Sviatchenko VA, Pereboev AV, Agapov EV, Razumov IA, Sabirov AN, Mizenko GA, Samukov VV, Loktev VB. [The peptide mapping of the E2-2 and E2-6 sites of the E2 glycoprotein in the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. Vopr Virusol 1993; 38:162-7. [PMID: 7694427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nine peptides were synthesized for detailed mapping of VEE virus E2-2 and E2-6 sites responsible for the formation of protective antibodies that neutralize the virus and block hemagglutination. The sequence of the peptides over-lapped the regions of amino acid residues 30-75 and 202-250 of VEE virus E2 protein in which antigenic mutations caused by monoclonal antibodies to E2-2 and E2-6 sites had been mapped. None of the synthesized peptides reacted in the enzyme immunoassay with a panel of 17 Mabs to VEE virus E2 protein. However, eight peptides reacted with polyclonal antiviral serum and two of them elicited antiviral antibody production. The E2-2 site might be associated with amino acid residues 30-45, and the region of E2 residues 57-62 in which antigenic mutations are observed is not a linear type antigenic determinant, but participates in the formation of antigenic determinants of the conformational type. The mapping of residues 202-250 demonstrated that all the peptides in this region were well recognized by polyclonal antiviral serum. The residues 235-240 were shown to form a linear epitope which provided a crossover between VEE and EEE viruses and was not recognized by 19 types of monoclonal antibodies cross-reacting with VEE and EEE viruses.
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21
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Pereboev AV, Agapov EV, Sviatchenko VA, Razumov IA, Protopopova EV, Loktev VB. [The antigenic structure of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus studied by using monoclonal antibodies]. Vopr Virusol 1993; 38:117-22. [PMID: 7521100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) interacting with the structural proteins of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus were prepared. The mutual arrangement of the antigenic sites on the E1 and E2 glycoproteins was studied by competitive radioimmunoassay. At least four nonoverlapping sites were found on the E1. The E2 glycoprotein contained at least seven partially overlapping antigenic sites. Mabs to the sites E2-2 and E2-3 neutralized viral infectivity and blocked hemagglutination. Mabs to the site E2-1 blocked hemagglutination. Mabs to sites E2-2, 3, and 7 protected mice against lethal infection although the protective Mabs to sites E2-2b and E2-7 did not neutralize the virus. The antibodies to the other three sites of E2 and to all sites of E1 did not have any biological activity. The experimental results indicate the dominant role of E2 in antiviral immunity, over 98% of the observed protective effect being associated with the E2-2 site.
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22
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Razumov IA, Pereboev AV, Protopopova EV, Khusainova AD, Agapov EV, Mel'nikova EE, Gaĭdamovich SI, Loktev VB. [A monoclonal antibody study of the receptor area of the Venezuelan encephalitis virus]. Vopr Virusol 1991; 36:489-92. [PMID: 1723820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The receptor region for virus-cell interaction in Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) viruses was studied using a panel of 17 monoclonal antibodies (MCA). They were able to block agglutination of goose erythrocytes. The dominant role of glycoprotein E2 in the formation of viral receptor for EEE and VEE viruses was demonstrated. Competitive radioimmunoassay identified three antigenic sites in this region. These sites were also responsible for virus neutralization. MCAs to these sites protected outbred mice against lethal infection. The presence of a highly conservative region in VEE (site E2-3) and EEE (site E2a) which produced cross-reacting antibodies blocking hemagglutination of Western equine encephalomyelitis, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Getah, Aura, Chikungunya, and Pixuna viruses was established. A hypothesis is suggested concerning the existence of similar regions for the entire alphavirus genus, and the role of this region in virus-cell interaction.
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Razumov IA, Agapov EV, Pereboev AV, Protopopova EV, Lebedeva SD, Loktev VB. [Study of the antigenic structure of the E1 glycoprotein of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus using monoclonal antibodies]. Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1991:21-4. [PMID: 1719387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The collection of eight rat and mouse hybridomas secreting the high affinity monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein E1 of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis has been obtained. The antigenic structure of E1 protein has been studied with the use of these antibodies for the strains Trinidad, TC-83 and 230 of the virus. Antigenic map of glycoprotein E1 based on competition radioimmunoanalysis is proposed. Five sites are mapped including eight epitopes binding monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies to sites E1-1, E1-3 and E1-5 are crossreactive in interaction with the virus of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, while antibodies to site E1-5 interact also with the virus of tick-borne encephalitis. Antibodies to site E1-1 possess the protective effect and lack the neutralizing effect in tissue cultures. Antibodies to all sites of E1 protein are devoid of ability to neutralize the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
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24
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Razumov IA, Agapov EV, Pereboev AV, Protopopova EV, Lebedeva SD, Loktev VB. [The antigenic structure of glycoprotein E2 in the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus studied using rat monoclonal antibodies]. Vopr Virusol 1991; 36:34-7. [PMID: 1713372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 21 rat hybridomas secreting high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus was generated. Using a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein E2, the antigenic structure of this protein of VEE strains TC-83 and 230 was studied. A competitive radioimmunoassay suggested a new map of the antigenic structure of glycoprotein E2 in which 5 sites including 11 epitopes of monoclonal antibody binding were distinguished. Antibody to E2-2 site neutralized virus infectivity and blocked hemagglutination test and antibody to E2-3 site could only block hemagglutination. Antibodies to other E2 protein sites lacked any biological activity.
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25
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Gaĭdamovich SI, Loktev VB, Lavrova NA, Maksiutov AZ, Mel'nikova EE, Pereboev AV, Protopopov EV, Razumov IA, Sveshnikova NA, Khusainova AD. [Monoclonal antibodies cross-reacting with the tick-borne encephalitis virus and with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus]. Vopr Virusol 1990; 35:221-5. [PMID: 1699359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Employment of radioimmunoassay led to the demonstration of serological crossing between tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. Using hybridoma technology, three hybridomas were produced secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAb) cross-reacting with these two viruses. With MAb, the epitope of binding of these antibodies was shown to be located on protein E of TBE virus and protein E1 of VEE virus. Despite the low percentage (14%) of homology of amino acid sequences of these proteins, 12 areas with homology from 24% to 63% were demonstrated. Considering conservative replacements, homology of these areas was 53%-75%. The assumed existence of some of these areas in alpha-helical conformation may explain the observed immunological crossing.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Immunoblotting
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Viral Proteins/genetics
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