1
|
Braga‐Pereira F, Morcatty TQ, El Bizri HR, Tavares AS, Mere‐Roncal C, González‐Crespo C, Bertsch C, Rodriguez CR, Bardales‐Alvites C, von Mühlen EM, Bernárdez‐Rodríguez GF, Paim FP, Tamayo JS, Valsecchi J, Gonçalves J, Torres‐Oyarce L, Lemos LP, Vieira MAR, Bowler M, Gilmore MP, Perez NCA, Alves RR, Peres CA, Pérez‐Peña P, Mayor P. Congruence of local ecological knowledge (LEK)‐based methods and line‐transect surveys in estimating wildlife abundance in tropical forests. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciany Braga‐Pereira
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Carla Mere‐Roncal
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Carlos González‐Crespo
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Bertsch
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. von Mühlen
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Jhancy Segura Tamayo
- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP) Urbanización Palomar Calle Lima Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Jonas Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
- Secretaria Executiva de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação (SECTI/SEDECTI) Governo do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | | | - Lísley Pereira Lemos
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Marina A. R. Vieira
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- RIVERS ERC Project Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Getafe (Madrid) Spain
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology University of Suffolk Ipswich UK
| | - Michael P. Gilmore
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | | | - Rômulo Romeu Alves
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Pedro Pérez‐Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Iquitos Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas Iquitos Peru
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA) Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Belém Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaves WA, Valle D, Tavares AS, von Mühlen EM, Wilcove DS. Investigating illegal activities that affect biodiversity: the case of wildlife consumption in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02402. [PMID: 34233059 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of natural resources, manifested in activities like illegal logging, poaching, and illegal wildlife trade, poses a global threat to biodiversity. Addressing them will require an understanding of the magnitude of and factors influencing these activities. However, assessing such behaviors is challenging because of their illegal nature, making participants less willing to admit engaging in them. We compared how indirect (randomized response technique) and direct questioning techniques performed when assessing non-sensitive (fish consumption, used as negative control) and sensitive (illegal consumption of wild animals) behaviors across an urban gradient (small towns, large towns, and the large city of Manaus) in the Brazilian Amazon. We conducted 1,366 surveys of randomly selected households to assess the magnitude of consumption of meat from wild animals (i.e., wild meat) and its socioeconomic drivers, which included years the head of household lived in urban areas, age of the head of household, household size, presence of children, and poverty. The indirect method revealed higher rates of wildlife consumption in larger towns than did the direct method. Results for small towns were similar between the two methods. The indirect method also revealed socioeconomic factors influencing wild meat consumption that were not detected with direct methods. For instance, the indirect method showed that wild meat consumption increased with age of the head of household, and decreased with poverty and years the head of household lived in urban areas. Simultaneously, when responding to direct questioning, households with characteristics associated with higher wild meat consumption, as estimated from indirect questioning, tended to underreport consumption to a larger degree than households with lower wild meat consumption. Results for fish consumption, used as negative control, were similar for both methods. Our findings suggest that people edit their answers to varying degrees when responding to direct questioning, potentially biasing conclusions, and indirect methods can improve researchers' ability to identify patterns of illegal activities when the sensitivity of such activities varies across spatial (e.g., urban gradient) or social (e.g., as a function of age) contexts. This work is broadly applicable to other geographical regions and disciplines that deal with sensitive human behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willandia A Chaves
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Campus Universitário/Setor Norte/ICHL/NEPECAB, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, McCarty Hall C, Gainesville, Florida, 32011, USA
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Campus Universitário/Setor Norte/ICHL/NEPECAB, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M von Mühlen
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chaves WA, Valle D, Tavares AS, Morcatty TQ, Wilcove DS. Impacts of rural to urban migration, urbanization, and generational change on consumption of wild animals in the Amazon. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1186-1197. [PMID: 33124717 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time in history, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. This trend is likely to continue, driven largely by rural-to-urban migration. We investigated how rural-to-urban migration, urbanization, and generational change affect the consumption of wild animals. We used chelonian (tortoises and freshwater turtles), one of the most hunted taxa in the Amazon, as a model. We surveyed 1356 households and 2776 school children across 10 urban areas of the Brazilian Amazon (6 small towns, 3 large towns, and Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon Basin) with a randomized response technique and anonymous questionnaires. Urban demand for wild meat (i.e., meat from wild animals) was alarmingly high. Approximately 1.7 million turtles and tortoises were consumed in urban areas of Amazonas during 2018. Consumption rates declined as size of the urban area increased and were greater for adults than children. Furthermore, the longer rural-to-urban migrants lived in urban areas, the lower their consumption rates. These results suggest that wild meat consumption is a rural-related tradition that decreases as urbanization increases and over time after people move to urban areas. However, it is unclear whether the observed decline will be fast enough to conserve hunted species, or whether children's consumption rate will remain the same as they become adults. Thus, conservation actions in urban areas are still needed. Current conservation efforts in the Amazon do not address urban demand for wildlife and may be insufficient to ensure the survival of traded species in the face of urbanization and human population growth. Our results suggest that conservation interventions must target the urban demand for wildlife, especially by focusing on young people and recent rural to urban migrants. Article impact statement: Amazon urbanite consumption of wildlife is high but decreases with urbanization, over time for rural to urban migrants, and between generations. Impactos de la Migración del Campo a la Ciudad, la Urbanización y del Cambio Generacional sobre el Consumo de Animales Silvestres en el Amazonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willandia A Chaves
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Cheatham Hall, 310 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, U.S.A
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Manaus AM. Campus Universitário, Setor Norte, ICHL, NEPECAB, Manaus, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, 32011, U.S.A
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, Manaus AM. Campus Universitário, Setor Norte, ICHL, NEPECAB, Manaus, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Q Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX30BP, U.K
- RedeFauna - Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da fauna da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - David S Wilcove
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Robertson Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gondim LFP, Soares RM, Tavares AS, Borges-Silva W, de Jesus RF, Llano HAB, Gondim LQ. Sarcocystis falcatula-like derived from opossum in Northeastern Brazil: In vitro propagation in avian cells, molecular characterization and bioassay in birds. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 10:132-137. [PMID: 31516824 PMCID: PMC6732708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most reported isolates of Sarcocystis spp. derived from Brazilian opossums (Didelphis sp.) have genetic characteristics distinct from the known species of Sarcocystis, but behave similarly as Sarcocystis falcatula, as they are infective to budgerigars. In previous studies, these Brazilian isolates, classified as Sarcocystis falcatula-like, were originated from South and Southeast regions of Brazil. In the current work, we aimed to culture and to perform multilocus sequence analysis of Sarcocystis sp. derived from a Brazilian opossum (D. aurita/D. marsupialis) that inhabited the city of Salvador, Bahia, in the Northeast of Brazil. The parasite was isolated in Vero cells, referred here as Sarco-BA1, and propagated in avian cells (DF-1). Molecular analysis of Sarco-BA1 revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the rDNA was identical to all isolates (n = 19) of Sarcocystis spp. reported in two studies from South and Southeast regions of the country. Two budgerigars were inoculated with 10 and 1000 sporocysts of Sarco-BA1, respectively, and developed acute sarcocystosis, showing that the parasite behaves like S. falcatula. It was interesting to observe that Sarco-BA1 had almost identical ITS1 and SAG sequences to all 16 isolates of S. falcatula-like recently described in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) rescued on the coast of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Our results suggest that Sarco-BA1 and S. falcatula-like may represent a single species of Sarcocystis. Propagation of the parasite in a permanent avian cell line significantly improved the yield of merozoites in cell culture. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular study and in vitro isolation of S. falcatula-like derived from Northeastern Brazil. Studies are under way to determine the infectivity of Sarco-BA1 to other animal species, as well as to investigate serological cross-reactivity among Sarco-BA1, S. neurona and related species. Sarcocystis falcatula-like was isolated for the first time in Northeastern Brazil. Its genetic pattern was similar to isolates from South and Southeastern Brazil. A permanent avian cell line was successfully used to propagate the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F P Gondim
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Waléria Borges-Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rogério F de Jesus
- Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Horwald A B Llano
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Leane Q Gondim
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508 270, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kikuti M, Cruz JS, Rodrigues MS, Tavares AS, Paploski IAD, Silva MMO, Santana PM, Tauro LB, Silva GAOF, Campos GS, Araújo JMG, Kitron U, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Accuracy of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo for rapid point-of-care diagnosis of dengue. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213301. [PMID: 30840708 PMCID: PMC6402663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) are easy to carry out, provide fast results, and could potentially guide medical treatment decisions. We investigated the performance of a commercially available RDT, which simultaneously detects the non-structural 1 (NS1) dengue virus (DENV) antigen, and IgM and IgG DENV antibodies, using representative serum samples from individuals in a dengue endemic area in Salvador, Brazil. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated the accuracy of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT (Abbott, Santa Clara, USA; former Alere Inc, Waltham, USA) in a random collection of sera. Samples included acute-phase sera from 246 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 108 non-dengue febrile patients enrolled in a surveillance study for dengue detection, 73 healthy controls living in the same surveillance community, and 73 blood donors. RDT accuracy was blindly assessed based on the combined results for the NS1 and the IgM test components. The RDT sensitivity was 46.8% (38.6% for the NS1 component and 13.8% for the IgM component). Sensitivity was greater for samples obtained from patients with secondary DENV infections (49.8%) compared to primary infections (31.1%) (P: 0.02) and was also influenced by the result in the confirmatory dengue diagnostic test, ranging from 39.7% for samples of cases confirmed by IgM-ELISA seroconversion between paired samples to 90.4% for samples of cases confirmed by a positive NS1-ELISA. The RDT specificity was 94.4% for non-dengue febrile patients, 87.7% for the community healthy controls, and 95.9% for the blood donors. Conclusions/Significance The SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT showed good specificities, but low sensitivity, suggesting that it may be more useful to rule in than to rule out a dengue diagnosis in dengue endemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline S. Tavares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Perla M. Santana
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laura B. Tauro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, CONICET, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | - Gúbio S. Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Josélio M. G. Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paploski IAD, Rodrigues MS, Mugabe VA, Kikuti M, Tavares AS, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Storm drains as larval development and adult resting sites for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Salvador, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:419. [PMID: 27464886 PMCID: PMC4963997 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), as well as yellow fever (YFV) viruses are transmitted to humans by Aedes spp. females. In Salvador, the largest urban center in north-eastern Brazil, the four DENV types have been circulating, and more recently, CHIKV and ZIKV have also become common. We studied the role of storm drains as Aedes larval development and adult resting sites in four neighbourhoods of Salvador, representing different socioeconomic, infrastructure and topographic conditions. Results A sample of 122 storm drains in the four study sites were surveyed twice during a 4-month period in 2015; in 49.0 % of the visits, the storm drains contained water. Adults and immatures of Aedes aegypti were captured in two of the four sites, and adults and immatures of Aedes albopictus were captured in one of these two sites. A total of 468 specimens were collected: 148 Ae. aegypti (38 adults and 110 immatures), 79 Ae. albopictus (48 adults and 31 immatures), and 241 non-Aedes (mainly Culex spp.) mosquitoes (42 adults and 199 immatures). The presence of adults or immatures of Ae. aegypti in storm drains was independently associated with the presence of non-Aedes mosquitoes and with rainfall of ≤ 50 mm during the preceding week. Conclusions We found that in Salvador, one of the epicentres of the 2015 ZIKV outbreak, storm drains often accumulate water and serve as larval development sites and adult resting areas for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Vector control campaigns usually overlook storm drains, as most of the effort to prevent Ae. agypti reproduction is directed towards containers in the domicile environment. While further studies are needed to determine the added contribution of storm drains for the maintenance of Aedes spp. populations, we advocate that vector control programs incorporate actions directed at storm drains, including regular inspections and use of larvicides, and that human and capital resources are mobilized to modify storm drains, so that they do not serves as larval development sites for Aedes (and other) mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Moreno S Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Vánio André Mugabe
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Universidade Pedagógica de Quelimane, Quelimane, ZB, Mozambique
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Emory University, Atlanta, GE, USA
| | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliveira CR, Costa GSR, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Kasper AM, Silva MMO, Tavares AS, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Lima HCAV, Calcagno J, Reis MG, Weinberger DM, Shapiro ED, Ko AI, Ribeiro GS. Influenza-like illness in an urban community of Salvador, Brazil: incidence, seasonality and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 26975185 PMCID: PMC4791800 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the epidemiology of influenza is limited in tropical regions, which in turn has hampered identifying optimal region-specific policy to diminish disease burden. Influenza-like illness (ILI) is a clinical diagnosis that can be used as a surrogate for influenza. This study aimed to define the incidence and seasonality of ILI and to assess its association with climatic variables and school calendar in an urban community in the tropical region of Salvador, Brazil. METHODS Between 2009 and 2013, we conducted enhanced community-based surveillance for acute febrile illnesses (AFI) among patients ≥ 5 years of age in a slum community emergency unit in Salvador, Brazil. ILI was defined as a measured temperature of ≥ 37.8 °C or reported fever in a patient with cough or sore throat for ≤ 7 days, and negative test results for dengue and leptospirosis. Seasonality was analyzed with a harmonic regression model. Negative binomial regression models were used to correlate ILI incidence with rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and the number of days per month that schools were in session while controlling for seasonality. RESULTS There were 2,651 (45.6% of 5,817 AFI patients) ILI cases with a mean annual incidence of 60 cases/1,000 population (95% CI 58-62). Risk of ILI was highest among 5-9 year olds with an annual incidence of 105 cases/1,000 population in 2009. ILI had a clear seasonal pattern with peaks between the 35-40th week of the year. ILI peaks were higher and earlier in 5-9 year olds compared with > 19 year olds. No association was seen between ILI and precipitation, relative humidity or temperature. There was a significant association between the incidence of ILI in children 5-9 years of age and number of scheduled school days per month. CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant burden of ILI with distinct seasonality in the Brazilian tropics and highest rates among young school-age children. Seasonal peaks of ILI in children 5-9 years of age were positively associated with the number of school days, indicating that children may play a role in the timing of seasonal influenza transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Gisela S. R. Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Amelia M. Kasper
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tássia L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Helena C. A. V. Lima
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juan Calcagno
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Weinberger
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Eugene D. Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Investigative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva MMO, Rodrigues MS, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Kasper AM, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Tavares AS, Santana PM, Araújo JMG, Ko AI, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Accuracy of Dengue Reporting by National Surveillance System, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:336-9. [PMID: 26812472 PMCID: PMC4734515 DOI: 10.3201/eid2202.150495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
9
|
Kikuti M, Cunha GM, Paploski IAD, Kasper AM, Silva MMO, Tavares AS, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Rodrigues MS, Santana PM, Lima HCAV, Calcagno J, Takahashi D, Gonçalves AHO, Araújo JMG, Gauthier K, Diuk-Wasser MA, Kitron U, Ko AI, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Spatial Distribution of Dengue in a Brazilian Urban Slum Setting: Role of Socioeconomic Gradient in Disease Risk. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015. [PMID: 26196686 PMCID: PMC4510880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies of dengue have shown group-level associations between demographic, socioeconomic, or geographic characteristics and the spatial distribution of dengue within small urban areas. This study aimed to examine whether specific characteristics of an urban slum community were associated with the risk of dengue disease. Methodology/Principal Findings From 01/2009 to 12/2010, we conducted enhanced, community-based surveillance in the only public emergency unit in a slum in Salvador, Brazil to identify acute febrile illness (AFI) patients with laboratory evidence of dengue infection. Patient households were geocoded within census tracts (CTs). Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical data were obtained from the 2010 national census. Associations between CTs characteristics and the spatial risk of both dengue and non-dengue AFI were assessed by Poisson log-normal and conditional auto-regressive models (CAR). We identified 651 (22.0%) dengue cases among 2,962 AFI patients. Estimated risk of symptomatic dengue was 21.3 and 70.2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. All the four dengue serotypes were identified, but DENV2 predominated (DENV1: 8.1%; DENV2: 90.7%; DENV3: 0.4%; DENV4: 0.8%). Multivariable CAR regression analysis showed increased dengue risk in CTs with poorer inhabitants (RR: 1.02 for each percent increase in the frequency of families earning ≤1 times the minimum wage; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and decreased risk in CTs located farther from the health unit (RR: 0.87 for each 100 meter increase; 95% CI: 0.80-0.94). The same CTs characteristics were also associated with non-dengue AFI risk. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights the large burden of symptomatic dengue on individuals living in urban slums in Brazil. Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status was independently associated with increased risk of dengue, indicating that within slum communities with high levels of absolute poverty, factors associated with the social gradient influence dengue transmission. In addition, poor geographic access to health services may be a barrier to identifying both dengue and non-dengue AFI cases. Therefore, further spatial studies should account for this potential source of bias. Dengue is influenced by the environment; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and the spatial distribution of dengue within small urban areas. We examined whether specific characteristics of an urban slum community were associated with dengue risk. From January 2009 to December 2010, we conducted community-based surveillance in a slum in Salvador, Brazil to identify patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) and to test them for dengue. We identified 651 (22.0%) patients with laboratory evidence of dengue infection among 2,962 AFI patients. All the four dengue serotypes were detected, but DENV2 predominated (DENV1 8.1%; DENV2 90.7%; DENV3 0.4%; DENV4 0.8%). Estimated risk of symptomatic dengue was 21.3 and 70.2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. We found that neighborhood poverty level and proximity to the health center were associated with higher risk of detection of dengue and other AFI. This study highlights the large burden of dengue in poor urban slums of Brazil and indicates that socioeconomic development could potentially mitigate risk factors for both dengue and non-dengue AFI cases. In addition, we found that residential proximity to a health care facility was associated with improved case detection. Therefore, further studies on disease distribution should consider household proximity to health care facilities when assessing risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Geraldo M. Cunha
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amelia M. Kasper
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tássia L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Moreno S. Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Perla M. Santana
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helena C. A. V. Lima
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juan Calcagno
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniele Takahashi
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Josélio M. G. Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kristine Gauthier
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Steinbach P, Adkins WN, Caspar H, Dumars KW, Gebauer J, Gilbert EF, Grimm T, Habedank M, Hansmann I, Herrmann J, Kaveggia EG, Langenbeck U, Meisner LF, Najafzadeh TM, Opitz JM, Palmer CG, Peters HH, Scholz W, Tavares AS, Wiedeking C. The dup(3q) syndrome: report of eight cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet 1981; 10:159-77. [PMID: 7315873 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and cytogenetic examinations were performed on eight unrelated infants with duplication of part of the long arm of chromosome 3. A review of published cases shows a clinical syndrome characterized by statomotoric retardation, shortened life span, and a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome of abnormal head configuration, hypertrichosis, hypertelorism, ocular anomalies, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, maxillary prognathia, down-turned corners of the mouth, highly arched or cleft plate, micrognathia, malformed auricles, short, webbed neck, clinodactyly, simian crease, talipes, and congenital heart disease. The dup(3q) syndrome is a clinically easily recognizable entity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tavares AS. Perspectives of genetics for man. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1979; 1:389-405. [PMID: 298447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Tavares A, Tavares AS. [Histo-karyochemical correlation of cervix uteri carcinoma]. Arq Patol 1967; 39:3-12. [PMID: 5595935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Tavares AS. [Cytological studies on cancer. VI. Variations of RNA in lesions of the oral mucosa]. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac 1966; 7:23-6. [PMID: 5954264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
17
|
Tavares AS, Ramos A. [Collateral venous circulation in superior vena cava obstructions]. Acta Iber Radiol Cancerol 1965; 20:261-94. [PMID: 5854662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
18
|
Bastos J, Tavares AS, Ramos A, Azevedo C. [Spontaneous portacaval anastomoses (Apropos of a clinical case)]. Acta Iber Radiol Cancerol 1965; 20:127-47. [PMID: 5825514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
19
|
Tavares AS, Ramos A. [Collateral venous circulation in superior vena cava obstruction]. J Fr Med Chir Thorac 1965; 19:253-65. [PMID: 5825596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|