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Dee S, Brands L, Nerem J, Schelkopf A, Spronk G, Kikuti M, Corzo C, Havas K. Improvements in swine herd biosecurity reduce the incidence risk of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in breeding herds in the Midwestern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:520-525. [PMID: 38183764 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.08.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a significant disease of swine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether application of a comprehensive, science-based approach to breeding herd biosecurity, known as next-generation biosecurity (NGB), could reduce PRRS incidence risk across a large commercial production company. ANIMALS Pigs (381,404 sows across 76 breeding herds). METHODS From 2009 to 2020, the annual incidence risk of PRRS in sow farms managed by the same company averaged 33%, ranging from 20% to 50%. To measure the effect of NGB on PRRS incidence risk, a retrospective cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023, across breeding herds managed by the same company. During the analysis, 2 groups of herds emerged: those that implemented protocols for all phases of NGB (NGB COMPLETE), and those that implemented all described protocols of biosecurity except for air filtration (NGB INCOMPLETE). RESULTS During the 2-year assessment period, 56 breeding herds were classified as NGB COMPLETE, while 20 herds were NGB INCOMPLETE. The PRRS incidence risk in NGB COMPLETE herds was 8.9% as compared to 40.0% in NGB INCOMPLETE herds. From disease year 1 (July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022) and disease year 2 (July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023), system-wide PRRS incidence risk was 8.6% and 9.2%, respectively. The association between NGB status and PRRS incidence risk for the 2-year period was statistically significant at a P value of .006. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present report provided evidence that improvements in biosecurity result in lower PRRS incidence risk under large-scale commercial swine production conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Brands
- 2Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN
| | - Joel Nerem
- 2Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN
| | | | | | - Mariana Kikuti
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Cesar Corzo
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
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Kikuti M, Vilalta C, Sanhueza J, Pamornchainavakul N, Kevill J, Yang M, Paploski IAD, Lenskaia T, Odogwu NM, Kiehne R, VanderWaal K, Schroeder D, Corzo CA. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRSV2) Viral Diversity within a Farrow-to-Wean Farm Cohort Study. Viruses 2023; 15:1837. [PMID: 37766244 PMCID: PMC10535563 DOI: 10.3390/v15091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Describing PRRSV whole-genome viral diversity data over time within the host and within-farm is crucial for a better understanding of viral evolution and its implications. A cohort study was conducted at one naïve farrow-to-wean farm reporting a PRRSV outbreak. All piglets 3-5 days of age (DOA) born to mass-exposed sows through live virus inoculation with the recently introduced wild-type virus two weeks prior were sampled and followed up at 17-19 DOA. Samples from 127 piglets were individually tested for PRRSV by RT-PCR and 100 sequences were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technologies chemistry. Female piglets had significantly higher median Ct values than males (15.5 vs. 13.7, Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001) at 3-5 DOA. A 52.8% mortality between sampling points was found, and the odds of dying by 17-19 DOA decreased with every one unit increase in Ct values at 3-5 DOA (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.94, p = 0.01). Although the within-pig percent nucleotide identity was overall high (99.7%) between 3-5 DOA and 17-19 DOA samples, ORFs 4 and 5a showed much lower identities (97.26% and 98.53%, respectively). When looking solely at ORF5, 62% of the sequences were identical to the 3-5 DOA consensus. Ten and eight regions showed increased nucleotide and amino acid genetic diversity, respectively, all found throughout ORFs 2a/2b, 4, 5a/5, 6, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 02950, Chile
| | - Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Jessica Kevill
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - My Yang
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Tatiana Lenskaia
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Nkechi M. Odogwu
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ross Kiehne
- Swine Vet Center P.A., St. Peter, MN 56082, USA;
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Declan Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (M.K.); (C.V.); (J.S.); (N.P.); (J.K.); (I.A.D.P.); (T.L.); (N.M.O.); (K.V.); (D.S.)
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Picasso-Risso C, Vilalta C, Sanhueza JM, Kikuti M, Schwartz M, Corzo CA. Disentangling transport movement patterns of trucks either transporting pigs or while empty within a swine production system before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1201644. [PMID: 37519995 PMCID: PMC10376687 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1201644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transport of pigs between sites occurs frequently as part of genetic improvement and age segregation. However, a lack of transport biosecurity could have catastrophic implications if not managed properly as disease spread would be imminent. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive study of vehicle movement trends within swine systems in the Midwest. In this study, we aimed to describe and characterize vehicle movement patterns within one large Midwest swine system representative of modern pig production to understand movement trends and proxies for biosecurity compliance and identify potential risky behaviors that may result in a higher risk for infectious disease spread. Geolocation tracking devices recorded vehicle movements of a subset of trucks and trailers from a production system every 5 min and every time tracks entered a landmark between January 2019 and December 2020, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We described 6,213 transport records from 12 vehicles controlled by the company. In total, 114 predefined landmarks were included during the study period, representing 5 categories of farms and truck wash facilities. The results showed that trucks completed the majority (76.4%, 2,111/2,762) of the recorded movements. The seasonal distribution of incoming movements was similar across years (P > 0.05), while the 2019 winter and summer seasons showed higher incoming movements to sow farms than any other season, year, or production type (P < 0.05). More than half of the in-movements recorded occurred within the triad of sow farms, wean-to-market stage, and truck wash facilities. Overall, time spent at each landmark was 9.08% higher in 2020 than in 2019, without seasonal highlights, but with a notably higher time spent at truck wash facilities than any other type of landmark. Network analyses showed high connectivity among farms with identifiable clusters in the network. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in connectivity in 2020 compared with 2019, as indicated by the majority of network parameter values. Further network analysis will be needed to understand its impact on disease spread and control. However, the description and quantification of movement trends reported in this study provide findings that might be the basis for targeting infectious disease surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picasso-Risso
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Publica, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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de Moraes L, Portilho MM, Vrancken B, Van den Broeck F, Santos LA, Cucco M, Tauro LB, Kikuti M, Silva MMO, Campos GS, Reis MG, Barral A, Barral-Netto M, Boaventura VS, Vandamme AM, Theys K, Lemey P, Ribeiro GS, Khouri R. Analyses of Early ZIKV Genomes Are Consistent with Viral Spread from Northeast Brazil to the Americas. Viruses 2023; 15:1236. [PMID: 37376536 DOI: 10.3390/v15061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Americas, particularly Brazil, were greatly impacted by the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015 and 2016. Efforts were made to implement genomic surveillance of ZIKV as part of the public health responses. The accuracy of spatiotemporal reconstructions of the epidemic spread relies on the unbiased sampling of the transmission process. In the early stages of the outbreak, we recruited patients exhibiting clinical symptoms of arbovirus-like infection from Salvador and Campo Formoso, Bahia, in Northeast Brazil. Between May 2015 and June 2016, we identified 21 cases of acute ZIKV infection and subsequently recovered 14 near full-length sequences using the amplicon tiling multiplex approach with nanopore sequencing. We performed a time-calibrated discrete phylogeographic analysis to trace the spread and migration history of the ZIKV. Our phylogenetic analysis supports a consistent relationship between ZIKV migration from Northeast to Southeast Brazil and its subsequent dissemination beyond Brazil. Additionally, our analysis provides insights into the migration of ZIKV from Brazil to Haiti and the role Brazil played in the spread of ZIKV to other countries, such as Singapore, the USA, and the Dominican Republic. The data generated by this study enhances our understanding of ZIKV dynamics and supports the existing knowledge, which can aid in future surveillance efforts against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Moyra M Portilho
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frederik Van den Broeck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luciane Amorim Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador 41150-100, Brazil
| | - Marina Cucco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú N3370, Argentina
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Monaise M O Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Gúbio S Campos
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Viviane Sampaio Boaventura
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador 40050-410, Brazil
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kristof Theys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enfermidades Infecciosas Transmitidas por Vetores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Pamornchainavakul N, Paploski IAD, Makau DN, Kikuti M, Rovira A, Lycett S, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K. Mapping the Dynamics of Contemporary PRRSV-2 Evolution and Its Emergence and Spreading Hotspots in the U.S. Using Phylogeography. Pathogens 2023; 12:740. [PMID: 37242410 PMCID: PMC10222675 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The repeated emergence of new genetic variants of PRRSV-2, the virus that causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), reflects its rapid evolution and the failure of previous control efforts. Understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity in variant emergence and spread is critical for future outbreak prevention. Here, we investigate how the pace of evolution varies across time and space, identify the origins of sub-lineage emergence, and map the patterns of the inter-regional spread of PRRSV-2 Lineage 1 (L1)-the current dominant lineage in the U.S. We performed comparative phylogeographic analyses on subsets of 19,395 viral ORF5 sequences collected across the U.S. and Canada between 1991 and 2021. The discrete trait analysis of multiple spatiotemporally stratified sampled sets (n = 500 each) was used to infer the ancestral geographic region and dispersion of each sub-lineage. The robustness of the results was compared to that of other modeling methods and subsampling strategies. Generally, the spatial spread and population dynamics varied across sub-lineages, time, and space. The Upper Midwest was a main spreading hotspot for multiple sub-lineages, e.g., L1C and L1F, though one of the most recent emergence events (L1A(2)) spread outwards from the east. An understanding of historical patterns of emergence and spread can be used to strategize disease control and the containment of emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Dennis N. Makau
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Samantha Lycett
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (N.P.); (I.A.D.P.); (D.N.M.); (M.K.); (A.R.); (C.A.C.)
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Sanhueza JM, Schwartz M, Corzo CA, Kikuti M, Yeske P, Leuwerke B, Schelkopf A, Williams T, Feuerbach S, Johnson C, Toohill E, Tapia-Escarate D, Yang M, Schroeder D, Vilalta C. Assessing the role of sow parity on PRRSv detection by RT-qPCR through weekly processing fluids monitoring in breeding herds. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105854. [PMID: 36758300 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of processing fluids to monitor the breeding herd's porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) status has gained industry acceptance. However, little is known about PRRS virus RT-qPCR detection dynamics in processing fluids and factors that may contribute to maintain PRRS virus in the herd after an outbreak. This study aimed to describe weekly RT-qPCR processing fluid results in breeding herds after an outbreak and to evaluate the proportion of RT-qPCR positive results among parity groups. Processing tissues of 15 first parity (P1), 15 second parity (P2), and 15 third parity or higher (P3+) litters (parity groups) were collected weekly for between 19 and 46 weeks in nine breeding herds. Processing fluids were aggregated, and RT-qPCR tested by parity group weekly. Additionally, a subset of 743 processing fluid samples of litters that formed 50 parity groups, as previously described, were RT-qPCR tested individually at the litter level. The agreement between RT-qPCR results of processing fluid samples of parity groups (15 litters) and results based on individual litter testing was assessed using overall percent of agreement, Kappa statistic, and McNemar test. The association between RT-qPCR results and the parity group was evaluated using a generalized estimating equations model, after accounting for the effects of sampling week, breeding herd PRRS control strategy (i.e., open to replacements v/s closed) and herd. An autoregressive correlation structure was used to account for the repeated samplings within a herd in time. The overall agreement was 98 %, and Kappa statistic 0.955 (McNemar p = 1.0). Sensitivity of parity group processing fluid samples was estimated at 100 % (95 % CI 89-100 %), while specificity was estimated at 94 % (95 % CI 71-100 %). Although P1 aggregated litters had on average a higher proportion of RT-qPCR positive results from outbreak week 25 onwards, the proportion was not significantly different to the one observed for P2 and P3+ aggregated litters (p > 0.13). Additionally, herds that interrupted gilt entry had lower odds of PRRS RT-qPCR positivity than herds that continued entering gilts (OR = 0.35, 95 % CI 0.16-0.78). PRRS virus persistence in processing fluids was not affected by the sow parity effect in most of the breeding herds studied. No evidence of disagreement between RT-qPCR results of an aggregated sample of 15 litters and those of individual litters was observed. This level of litter aggregation testing strategy may be of particular use at the last stages of an elimination program under low PRRS virus prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Sanhueza
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile.
| | | | - Cesar A Corzo
- Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Paul Yeske
- Swine Vet Center, Saint Peter, MN, United States of America
| | - Brad Leuwerke
- Swine Vet Center, Saint Peter, MN, United States of America
| | - Adam Schelkopf
- Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN, United States of America
| | - Todd Williams
- Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN, United States of America
| | - Steven Feuerbach
- Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN, United States of America
| | - Clayton Johnson
- Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd., Carthage, IL, United States of America
| | - Elise Toohill
- Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd., Carthage, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniela Tapia-Escarate
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile
| | - My Yang
- Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Declan Schroeder
- Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Kikuti M, Picasso-Risso C, Melini CM, Corzo CA. Time Farms Stay Naïve for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020310. [PMID: 36670849 PMCID: PMC9854491 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesitation on eliminating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) from breeding herds exists since it is difficult to predict how long the herd will remain virus-free. We aimed to estimate the time that breeding herds remained virus-free (naïve) after PRRSV elimination was achieved. METHODS Production systems voluntarily shared their breeding herds' health status weekly between July 2009 and October 2021. PRRSV incidence rate and the total number of days a breeding herd remained virus-free were estimated. RESULTS A total of 221 (17%) herds reached the naïve status 273 times. The median time sites remained in this status was approximately two years. The overall PRRS incidence rate after sites achieved a naïve status was 23.43 PRRS outbreaks per 100 farm years. CONCLUSION Estimates obtained here provide insights on how frequently and for how long sites remain naïve, which contribute to informing management practices for PRRS control.
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8
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Kikuti M, Preis GM, Deen J, Pinilla JC, Corzo CA. Sow mortality in a pig production system in the midwestern USA: Reasons for removal and factors associated with increased mortality. Vet Rec 2022; 192:e2539. [PMID: 36545814 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sow mortality has become a growing concern in the pig production industry over the past decade. Therefore, we aimed to describe sow mortality and associated factors in a production system in the midwestern USA. METHODS Mortality records from 2009 to 2018 for four farrow-to-wean farms were described. Environmental, farm- and individual-level factors associated with weekly mortality and individual risk of dying throughout a sow's lifetime were assessed. RESULTS Deaths occurred at a median of 116 days from last service, or 26 days postpartum. The median parity upon death was two. Overall, the main reasons for death were locomotion (27%) and reproduction (24%). A higher weekly number of deaths was associated with spring (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.27, compared to winter). Sows had a higher mortality when they were exposed to at least one porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreak during their lifetime (IRR 1.55) and when housed in groups (pens) during gestation (IRR 1.32). Conversely, they had a lower mortality when housed in filtered farms (IRR 0.76), accounting for an interaction term between parity at removal and PRRS outbreak exposure. LIMITATIONS Issues with data completion and information accuracy were present, and prospective data collection throughout sows' lifetimes is still needed. CONCLUSION Efforts to reduce infectious diseases within the herd and manage environmental stressors should help reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Guilherme Milanez Preis
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota USA
| | - John Deen
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Juan Carlos Pinilla
- Technical Services Pig Improvement Company North America Hendersonville Tennessee USA
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota Saint Paul Minnesota USA
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9
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Kikuti M, Vilalta C, Sanhueza J, Melini CM, Corzo CA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome prevalence and processing fluids use for diagnosis in United States breeding herds. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:953918. [PMID: 36504858 PMCID: PMC9730796 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.953918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Processing fluids have been recently adopted by the U.S. swine industry as a breeding herd PRRS monitoring tool due to their increased representativeness of animals within the herd. Here, we use the Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Project (MSHMP) database, representative of ~50% of the U.S. swine breeding herd, to describe processing fluids submissions for PRRS diagnosis and their relation to PRRS prevalence and time to stability over time between 2009 and 2020. Methods An ecological time series Poisson regression modeling the number of status 1 farms and weekly percentage of processing fluids submissions for PRRS diagnosis was done. Time to stability was calculated for sites that detected a PRRS outbreak within the study period and modeled through a proportional hazards mixed effect survival model using production system as a random-effect factor and epiweek as a panel variable. Results Processing fluids diagnosis submissions increased starting in 2017. The difference between each year's highest and lowest weekly prevalence averaged 10.9% between 2009 and 2017, whereas it averaged 5.0% in 2018-2020 period. Each year's lowest weekly prevalence ranged from 11.3 to 19.5% in 2009-2017 and from 22.4 to 29.2% in 2018-2020. We also detected an increasing proportion of breeding sites that did not reach stability within 1 year of reporting an outbreak (chi-square for trend p < 0.0001). The total time to stability was not associated with the region of the country in which the site was located, the site's air filtration status, its PRRS status before the outbreak, or the different statuses a site achieved to be classified as stable, when accounting for the production system in the multivariate model. However, a higher proportion of system-wide processing fluids use was associated with increased time to stability. Discussion Altogether, the temporal concurrence of processing fluids used for PRRS virus monitoring suggests that the adoption of this sampling strategy may help explain the changes observed in PRRS status 1 prevalence since 2018, although further studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States,Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States,Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudio Marcello Melini
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Cesar A. Corzo
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10
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Kikuti M, Drebes D, Robbins R, Dufresne L, Sanhueza JM, Corzo CA. Growing pig incidence rate, control and prevention of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a large pig production system in the United States. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35672863 PMCID: PMC9171079 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, PEDV was introduced in the United States (U.S.) and rapidly spread across the country. Here we describe the occurrence of PEDV in the growing pig herd of one large U.S. production system through an active surveillance set in place between October 2019 and November 2020 designed to assess disease status upon placement into the growing pig site, before shipping to the slaughter plant and when diarrhea events were present at the site. We also assessed the impact of preventive procedures implemented in PEDV incidence that comprised site-specific equipment segregation and biosecurity changes regarding personnel movement between sites. RESULTS 36.50% (100/274) of the sites had at least one PEDV introduction event before preventive procedures were implemented, yielding an incidence rate of 2.41 per 100 farm-weeks. Most (63/100) of them occurred in sites where animals were placed negative and PEDV was detected in clinical samples in a median of 8 weeks post placement. After preventive procedures were implemented, the overall PEDV incidence rate dropped to 0.37 per 100 farm-weeks (84.65% reduction, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of systematic surveillance to identify the burden of diseases, areas of improvement in prevention and control, and to allow the measurement of the impact of policy/protocol changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Donna Drebes
- Veterinary Services, Seaboard Foods, Guymon, OK, USA
| | - Rebecca Robbins
- Previously employed by Seaboard Foods and is currently a swine industry consultant, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Luc Dufresne
- Veterinary Services, Seaboard Foods, Guymon, OK, USA
| | - Juan M Sanhueza
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias Y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Araucanía, Chile
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
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11
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Pamornchainavakul N, Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Makau DN, Rovira A, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K. Measuring How Recombination Re-shapes the Evolutionary History of PRRSV-2: A Genome-Based Phylodynamic Analysis of the Emergence of a Novel PRRSV-2 Variant. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846904. [PMID: 35400102 PMCID: PMC8990846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While the widespread and endemic circulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) causes persistent economic losses to the U.S. swine industry, unusual increases of severe cases associated with the emergence of new genetic variants are a major source of concern for pork producers. Between 2020 and 2021, such an event occurred across pig production sites in the Midwestern U.S. The emerging viral clade is referred to as the novel sub-lineage 1C (L1C) 1-4-4 variant. This genetic classification is based on the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene. However, although whole genome sequence (WGS) suggested that this variant represented the emergence of a new strain, the true evolutionary history of this variant remains unclear. To better elucidate the variant's evolutionary history, we conducted a recombination detection analysis, time-scaled phylogenetic estimation, and discrete trait analysis on a set of L1C-1-4-4 WGSs (n = 19) alongside other publicly published WGSs (n = 232) collected over a 26-year period (1995–2021). Results from various methodologies consistently suggest that the novel L1C variant was a descendant of a recombinant ancestor characterized by recombination at the ORF1a gene between two segments that would be otherwise classified as L1C and L1A in the ORF5 gene. Based on analysis of different WGS fragments, the L1C-1-4-4 variant descended from an ancestor that existed around late 2018 to early 2019, with relatively high substitution rates in the proximal ORF1a as well as ORF5 regions. Two viruses from 2018 were found to be the closest relatives to the 2020-21 outbreak strain but had different recombination profiles, suggesting that these viruses were not direct ancestors. We also assessed the overall frequency of putative recombination amongst ORF5 and other parts of the genome and found that recombination events which leave detectable numbers of descendants are not common. However, the rapid spread and high virulence of the L1C-1-4-4 recombinant variant demonstrates that inter-sub-lineage recombination occasionally found amongst the U.S. PRRSV-2 might be an evolutionary mechanisms that contributed to this emergence. More generally, recombination amongst PRRSV-2 accelerates genetic change and increases the chance of the emergence of high fitness variants.
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12
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Kikuti M, Sanhueza J, Vilalta C, Paploski IAD, VanderWaal K, Corzo CA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) genetic diversity and occurrence of wild type and vaccine-like strains in the United States swine industry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259531. [PMID: 34797830 PMCID: PMC8604284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genotype 2 (PRRSV-2) genetic diversity in the U.S. was assessed using a database comprising 10 years’ worth of sequence data obtained from swine production systems routine monitoring and outbreak investigations. A total of 26,831 ORF5 PRRSV-2 sequences from 34 production systems were included in this analysis. Within group mean genetic distance (i.e. mean proportion of nucleotide differences within ORF5) per year according to herd type was calculated for all PRRSV-2 sequences. The percent nucleotide difference between each sequence and the ORF5 sequences from four commercially available PRRSV-2 vaccines (Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Ingelvac PRRS ATP, Fostera PRRS, and Prevacent PRRS) within the same lineage over time was used to classify sequences in wild-type or vaccine-like. The mean ORF5 genetic distance fluctuated from 0.09 to 0.13, being generally smaller in years in which there was a relative higher frequency of dominant lineage. Vaccine-like sequences comprised about one fourth of sequences obtained through routine monitoring of PRRS. We found that lineage 5 sequences were mostly Ingelvac PRRS MLV-like. Lineage 8 sequences up to 2011 were 62.9% Ingelvac PRRS ATP-like while the remaining were wild-type viruses. From 2012 onwards, 51.9% of lineage 8 sequences were Ingelvac PRRS ATP-like, 45.0% were Fostera PRRS-like, and only 3.2% were wild-type. For lineage 1 sequences, 0.1% and 1.7% of the sequences were Prevacent PRRS-like in 2009–2018 and 2019, respectively. These results suggest that repeated introductions of vaccine-like viruses through use of modified live vaccines might decrease within-lineage viral diversity as vaccine-like strains become more prevalent. Overall, this compilation of private data from routine monitoring provides valuable information on PRRSV viral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Juan Sanhueza
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Araucanía, Chile
| | - Carles Vilalta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
- Upnorth Analytics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Pamornchainavakul N, Picasso-Risso C, Schwartz M, Yeske P, Leuwerke B, Bruner L, Murray D, Roggow BD, Thomas P, Feldmann L, Allerson M, Hensch M, Bauman T, Sexton B, Rovira A, VanderWaal K, Corzo CA. Emergence of a New Lineage 1C Variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 in the United States. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:752938. [PMID: 34733906 PMCID: PMC8558496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.752938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an ongoing regional outbreak of an emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV2) variant within Lineage 1C affecting 154 breeding and grow-finishing sites in the Midwestern U.S. Transmission seemed to have occurred in two waves, with the first peak of weekly cases occurring between October and December 2020 and the second starting in April 2021. Most of cases occurred within a 120 km radius. Both orf5 and whole genome sequencing results suggest that this represents the emergence of a new variant within Lineage 1C distinct from what has been previously circulating. A case-control study was conducted with 50 cases (sites affected with the newly emerged variant) and 58 controls (sites affected with other PRRSV variants) between October and December 2020. Sites that had a market vehicle that was not exclusive to the production system had 0.04 times the odds of being a case than a control. A spatial cluster (81.42 km radius) with 1.68 times higher the number of cases than controls was found. The average finishing mortality within the first 4 weeks after detection was higher amongst cases (4.50%) than controls (0.01%). The transmission of a highly similar virus between different farms carrying on trough spring rises concerns for the next high transmission season of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Igor A D Paploski
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Nakarin Pamornchainavakul
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Catalina Picasso-Risso
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Mark Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Schwartz Farms Inc., Sleepy Eye, MN, United States
| | - Paul Yeske
- Swine Vet Center, St. Peter, MN, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Pete Thomas
- Iowa Select Farms, Iowa Falls, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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14
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Jacob-Nascimento LC, Carvalho CX, Silva MMO, Kikuti M, Anjos RO, Fradico JRB, Campi-Azevedo AC, Tauro LB, Campos GS, Moreira PSDS, Portilho MM, Martins-Filho OA, Ribeiro GS, Reis MG. Acute-Phase Levels of CXCL8 as Risk Factor for Chronic Arthralgia Following Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744183. [PMID: 34659240 PMCID: PMC8517435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunopathogenesis of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and the role of acute-phase immune response on joint pain persistence is not fully understood. We investigated the profile of serum chemokine and cytokine in CHIKV-infected patients with acute disease, compared the levels of these biomarkers to those of patients with other acute febrile diseases (OAFD) and healthy controls (HC), and evaluated their role as predictors of chronic arthralgia development. Chemokines and cytokines were measured by flow Cytometric Bead Array. Patients with CHIKV infection were further categorized according to duration of arthralgia (≤ 3 months vs >3 months), presence of anti-CHIKV IgM at acute-phase sample, and number of days of symptoms at sample collection (1 vs 2-3 vs ≥4). Patients with acute CHIKV infection had significantly higher levels of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CCL5, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-10 as compared to HC. CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 levels were also significantly higher in patients with CHIKV infection compared to patients with OAFD. Patients whose arthralgia lasted > 3 months had increased CXCL8 levels compared to patients whose arthralgia did not (p<0.05). Multivariable analyses further indicated that high levels of CXCL8 and female sex were associated with arthralgia lasting >3 months. Patients with chikungunya and OAFD had similar cytokine kinetics for IL-1β, IL-12, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4, although the levels were lower for CHIKV patients. This study suggests that chemokines may have an important role in the immunopathogenesis of chronic chikungunya-related arthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura Beatriz Tauro
- Instituto de Biologia Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas - Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Gúbio Soares Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Silva MMO, Kikuti M, Anjos RO, Portilho MM, Santos VC, Gonçalves TSF, Tauro LB, Moreira PSS, Jacob-Nascimento LC, Santana PM, Campos GS, Siqueira AM, Kitron U, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Risk of chronic arthralgia and impact of pain on daily activities in a cohort of patients with chikungunya virus infection from Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:608-616. [PMID: 33684559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate risk factors for persistent arthralgia in patients with chikungunya, and describe its impact on daily activities. METHODS From September 2014 to July 2016, a surveillance study enrolled patients with acute febrile illness in Salvador, Brazil, and detected those with chikungunya virus infection using IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Telephone follow-ups were performed to ascertain the progression of disease. RESULTS Of 153 followed cases, 65 (42.5%) reported chronic arthralgia that lasted >3 months, and 47 (30.7%) were still symptomatic at the time of the interview (approximately 1.5 years after symptom onset). Limitations in daily activities and mental distress were reported by 93.8% and 61.5% of those with chronic arthralgia, respectively. Female sex [risk ratio (RR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95-2.69] and age (RR 1.02 for each 1-year increase, 95% CI 1.01-1.03) were independent risk factors for chronic arthralgia. Chronic arthralgia was not associated with co-infection with dengue virus (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.48-1.94) or chikungunya viral load at diagnosis (median chikungunya virus RNA of 5.60 and 5.52 log10 copies/μL for those with and without chronic arthralgia, respectively; P = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the high frequency of chronic chikungunya arthralgia, and highlight the substantial disability associated with the persistence of pain. Development of novel strategies to mitigate the transmission of chikungunya virus and to provide long-term medical assistance for patients with chikungunya are needed urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Moyra M Portilho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Laura B Tauro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia Subtropical, CONICET-UNAM, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | | | | | - Perla M Santana
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gúbio S Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - André M Siqueira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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16
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Machado Portilho M, de Moraes L, Kikuti M, Jacob Nascimento LC, Galvão Reis M, Sampaio Boaventura V, Khouri R, Sousa Ribeiro G. Accuracy of the Zika IgM Antibody Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Zika MAC-ELISA) for Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100835. [PMID: 33080935 PMCID: PMC7603149 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is challenging because of antigenic cross-reactivity with dengue virus (DENV). This study evaluated the accuracy of the Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CDC Zika IgM MAC-ELISA) in differentiating between ZIKV and DENV infections. To determine sensitivity, we used acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 21 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection. To determine specificity, we used acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 60 RT-PCR-confirmed dengue cases and sera from 23 blood donors. During the acute-phase of the illness, the assay presented a sensitivity of 12.5% (2/16) for samples collected 0–4 days post symptoms onset (DPSO), and of 75.0% (3/4) for samples collected 5–9 DPSO. During the convalescent-phase of the illness, the test sensitivity was 90.9% (10/11), 100% (2/2), and 0% (0/2) for samples obtained 12–102, 258–260, and 722–727 DPSO, respectively. Specificity for acute- and convalescent-phase samples from RT-PCR-confirmed dengue cases was 100% and 93.2%, respectively. Specificity for blood donor samples was 100%. The assay is an accurate method for Zika serological diagnosis and proved to be reliable for use during surveillance and outbreak investigations in settings where ZIKV and DENV cocirculate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Machado Portilho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Laise de Moraes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-040, Brazil
| | - Leile Camila Jacob Nascimento
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Viviane Sampaio Boaventura
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 40296-710, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (L.d.M.); (M.K.); (L.C.J.N.); (M.G.R.); (V.S.B.); (R.K.)
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40110-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-71-3176-2289
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Sanhueza JM, Stevenson MA, Vilalta C, Kikuti M, Corzo CA. Spatial relative risk and factors associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreaks in United States breeding herds. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105128. [PMID: 32937200 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Details of incident cases of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in United States breeding herds were obtained from the Morrison's Swine Health Monitoring Project. Herds were classified as cases if they reported an outbreak in a given season of the year and non-cases if they reported it in a season other than the case season or if they did not report a PRRS outbreak in any season. The geographic distribution of cases and non-cases was compared in each season of the year. The density of farms that had a PRRS outbreak during summer was higher in Southern Minnesota and Northwest-central Iowa compared to the density of the underlying population of non-case farms. This does not mean that PRRS outbreaks are more frequent during summer in absolute terms, but that there was a geographical clustering of herds breaking during summer in this area. Similar findings were observed in autumn. In addition, the density of farms reporting spring outbreaks was higher in the Southeast of the United States compared to that of the underlying population of non-case farms. A similar geographical clustering of PRRS outbreaks was observed during winter in the Southeast of the United States. Multivariable analyses, adjusting for the effect of known confounders, showed that the incidence rate of PRRS was significantly lower during winter and autumn during the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) epidemic years (2013-2014), compared to PRRS incidence rates observed during the winter and autumn of PED pre-epidemic years (2009-2012). After 2014, an increase in the incidence rate of PRRS was observed during winter and spring but not during autumn or summer. Pig dense areas were associated with a higher incidence rate throughout the year. However, this association tended to be stronger during the summer. Additionally, herds with ≥2500 sows had an increased incidence rate during all seasons except spring compared to those with <2500 sows. PRRS incidence was lower in year-round air-filtered herds compared to non-filtered herds throughout the year. We showed that not only the spatial risk of PRRS varies regionally according to the season of the year, but also that the effect of swine density, herd size and air filtering on PRRS incidence may also vary according to the season of the year. Further studies should investigate regional and seasonal drivers of disease. Breeding herds should maintain high biosecurity standards throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sanhueza
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Mark A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Kikuti M, Tauro LB, Moreira PSS, Nascimento LCJ, Portilho MM, Soares GC, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Evaluation of two commercially available chikungunya virus IgM enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) in a setting of concomitant transmission of chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 91:38-43. [PMID: 31704226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Inbios (Seattle, US) and Euroimmun (Luebeck, Germany) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgM enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs). METHODS We evaluated the tests' accuracy on sera from 372 patients enrolled in an acute febrile illness surveillance study performed in Salvador, Brazil from Sept/2014 to Jul/2016, a period of simultaneous CHIKV, dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) virus transmission. We assessed the sensitivity on acute and paired convalescent sera from RT-PCR-confirmed CHIKV cases (collected at median one and 19 days post-onset of symptoms, respectively), and the specificity on sera of RT-PCR-confirmed DENV and ZIKV cases, and on negative patients. RESULTS The Inbios and Euroimmun tests' sensitivities for acute samples were 4.0% and 10.3%, while for convalescent samples they were 92.4% and 96.9%, respectively. Overall, Inbios IgM ELISA specificities for acute and convalescent samples were 97.7% and 90.5%, respectively, and Euroimmun specificities were 88.5% and 83.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both tests presented high sensitivity for convalescent samples. However, the Euroimmun test returned more equivocal results and presented a slightly lower specificity, which might result in a higher rate of false positives if the test is used in scenarios of low CHIKV transmission, when the chance of CHIKV infection is lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Subtropical, nodo Iguazú, CONICET, UNaM, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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19
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Kikuti M, Cardoso CW, Prates APB, Paploski IAD, Kitron U, Reis MG, Mochida GH, Ribeiro GS. Congenital brain abnormalities during a Zika virus epidemic in Salvador, Brazil, April 2015 to July 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 30424827 PMCID: PMC6234531 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.45.1700757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background North-eastern Brazil was the region most affected by the outbreak of congenital Zika syndrome that followed the 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemics, with thousands of suspected microcephaly cases reported to the health authorities, mostly between late 2015 and early 2016. Aim: To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of the outbreak of congenital brain abnormalities (CBAs) and to evaluate the accuracy of different head circumference screening criteria in predicting CBAs. Method Between April 2015 and July 2016, the Centers for Information and Epidemiologic Surveillance of Salvador, Brazil investigated the reported cases suspected of microcephaly and, based on intracranial imaging studies, confirmed or excluded a diagnosis of CBA. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of different head circumference screening criteria in predicting CBAs were calculated. Results Of the 365 investigated cases, 166 (45.5%) had confirmed CBAs. The most common findings were intracranial calcifications and ventriculomegaly in 143 (86.1%) and 111 (66.9%) of the 166 CBA cases, respectively. Prevalence of CBAs peaked in December 2015 (2.24 cases/100 live births). Cases of CBAs were significantly more likely to have been born preterm and to mothers who had clinical manifestations of arboviral infection during pregnancy. None of the head circumference screening criteria performed optimally in predicting CBAs. Conclusion This study highlights the magnitude of neurological consequences of the ZIKV epidemic and the limitations of head circumference in accurately identifying children with CBA. Gestational symptoms compatible with ZIKV infection should be combined with imaging studies for efficient detection of suspect CBAs during ZIKV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ana P B Prates
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Igor A D Paploski
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Emory University, Atlanta, United States.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
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20
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Silva MMO, Tauro LB, Kikuti M, Anjos RO, Santos VC, Gonçalves TSF, Paploski IAD, Moreira PSS, Nascimento LCJ, Campos GS, Ko AI, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Concomitant Transmission of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses in Brazil: Clinical and Epidemiological Findings From Surveillance for Acute Febrile Illness. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:1353-1359. [PMID: 30561554 PMCID: PMC7348233 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their emergence in the Americas, chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses co-circulate with dengue virus (DENV), hampering clinical diagnosis. We investigated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of arboviral infections during the introduction and spread of CHIKV and ZIKV through northeastern Brazil. METHODS Surveillance for arboviral diseases among febrile patients was performed at an emergency health unit of Salvador, Brazil, between September 2014 and July 2016. We interviewed patients to collect data on symptoms, reviewed medical records to obtain the presumptive diagnoses, and performed molecular and serological testing to confirm DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, or nonspecific flavivirus (FLAV) diagnosis. RESULTS Of 948 participants, 247 (26.1%) had an acute infection, of which 224 (23.6%) were single infections (DENV, 32 [3.4%]; CHIKV, 159 [16.7%]; ZIKV, 13 [1.4%]; and FLAV, 20 [2.1%]) and 23 (2.4%) coinfections (DENV/CHIKV, 13 [1.4%]; CHIKV/FLAV, 9 [0.9%]; and DENV/ZIKV, 1 [0.1%]). An additional 133 (14.0%) patients had serological evidence for a recent arboviral infection. Patients with ZIKV presented with rash and pruritus (69.2% each) more frequently than those with DENV (37.5% and 31.2%, respectively) and CHIKV (22.9% and 14.7%, respectively) (P < .001 for both comparisons). Conversely, arthralgia was more common in CHIKV (94.9%) and FLAV/CHIKV (100.0%) than in DENV (59.4%) and ZIKV (53.8%) (P < .001). A correct presumptive clinical diagnosis was made for 9%-23% of the confirmed patients. CONCLUSIONS Arboviral infections are frequent causes of febrile illness. Coinfections are not rare events during periods of intense, concomitant arboviral transmission. Given the challenge to clinically distinguish these infections, there is an urgent need for rapid, point-of-care, multiplex diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane C Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Igor A D Paploski
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul
| | | | | | - Gúbio S Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven
| | | | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Emory University, Atlanta
| | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Kikuti M, Cruz JS, Rodrigues MS, Tavares AS, Paploski IAD, Silva MMO, Santana PM, Tauro LB, Silva GAOF, Campos GS, Araújo JMG, Kitron U, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Accuracy of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo for rapid point-of-care diagnosis of dengue. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213301. [PMID: 30840708 PMCID: PMC6402663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) are easy to carry out, provide fast results, and could potentially guide medical treatment decisions. We investigated the performance of a commercially available RDT, which simultaneously detects the non-structural 1 (NS1) dengue virus (DENV) antigen, and IgM and IgG DENV antibodies, using representative serum samples from individuals in a dengue endemic area in Salvador, Brazil. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated the accuracy of the SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT (Abbott, Santa Clara, USA; former Alere Inc, Waltham, USA) in a random collection of sera. Samples included acute-phase sera from 246 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 108 non-dengue febrile patients enrolled in a surveillance study for dengue detection, 73 healthy controls living in the same surveillance community, and 73 blood donors. RDT accuracy was blindly assessed based on the combined results for the NS1 and the IgM test components. The RDT sensitivity was 46.8% (38.6% for the NS1 component and 13.8% for the IgM component). Sensitivity was greater for samples obtained from patients with secondary DENV infections (49.8%) compared to primary infections (31.1%) (P: 0.02) and was also influenced by the result in the confirmatory dengue diagnostic test, ranging from 39.7% for samples of cases confirmed by IgM-ELISA seroconversion between paired samples to 90.4% for samples of cases confirmed by a positive NS1-ELISA. The RDT specificity was 94.4% for non-dengue febrile patients, 87.7% for the community healthy controls, and 95.9% for the blood donors. Conclusions/Significance The SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo RDT showed good specificities, but low sensitivity, suggesting that it may be more useful to rule in than to rule out a dengue diagnosis in dengue endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline S. Tavares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Perla M. Santana
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laura B. Tauro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, CONICET, Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | - Gúbio S. Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Josélio M. G. Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Sanhueza J, Stevenson M, Vilalta Sans C, Kikuti M, Corzo C. Spatial relative risk of PRRS summer outbreaks and factors associated with PRRS incidence during summer. Front Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fvets.2019.05.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kikuti M, Sanhueza J, Vilalta C, VanderWaal K, Corzo C. Genetic and spatio-temporal patterns of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in U.S. swine populations. Front Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fvets.2019.05.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Morikawa VM, Pellizzaro M, Paploski IA, Kikuti M, Lara MC, Okuda LH, Biondo AW, Barros Filho IR. Serosurvey of bluetongue, caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) of a southern Brazilian zoo. Pesq Vet Bras 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious and non-contagious disease of compulsory notification which may affect domestic and wild ruminants, transmitted by Culicoides spp. midges. Despite the high morbidity and mortality in sheep, role of wild animals in the BT cycle remains unclear. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) have been reportedly found in goats and sheep, but not described in wildlife species. Accordingly, serum samples from 17 captive Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from Curitiba zoo, southern Brazil, were tested for bluetongue, caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna viruses by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies for bluetongue were observed in 6/17 (35.3%) Barbary sheep by AGID test and in 7/17 (41.2%) by ELISA. All samples were negative for the presence of antibodies against caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) and Maedi-Visna viruses. These findings indicate that Barbary sheep may be infected by bluetongue virus and act as wildlife reservoir in both captive and free-range environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien M. Morikawa
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente, Brazil
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Ribeiro GS, Kikuti M, Tauro LB, Cardoso CW, Paploski IA, Ko AI, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U. Can Zika virus antibodies cross-protect against dengue virus? - Authors' reply. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6:e495. [PMID: 29653620 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Ad Paploski
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dexheimer Paploski IA, Souza RL, Tauro LB, Cardoso CW, Mugabe VA, Pereira Simões Alves AB, de Jesus Gomes J, Kikuti M, Campos GS, Sardi S, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Epizootic Outbreak of Yellow Fever Virus and Risk for Human Disease in Salvador, Brazil. Ann Intern Med 2018; 168:301-302. [PMID: 29114780 DOI: 10.7326/m17-1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski
- Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)
| | - Raquel Lima Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.)
| | - Laura Beatriz Tauro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.)
| | | | | | | | - Joice de Jesus Gomes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.)
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)
| | | | - Sílvia Sardi
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V.A.M., G.S.C., S.S.)
| | - Scott C Weaver
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (S.C.W.)
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)
| | | | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)
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Ribeiro GS, Kikuti M, Tauro LB, Nascimento LCJ, Cardoso CW, Campos GS, Ko AI, Weaver SC, Reis MG, Kitron U. Does immunity after Zika virus infection cross-protect against dengue? Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6:e140-e141. [PMID: 29389533 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert I Ko
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Cardoso CW, Kikuti M, Prates APPB, Paploski IAD, Tauro LB, Silva MMO, Santana P, Rego MFS, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Unrecognized Emergence of Chikungunya Virus during a Zika Virus Outbreak in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005334. [PMID: 28114414 PMCID: PMC5289630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) entered Brazil in 2014, causing a large outbreak in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia. Although cases have been recorded in Salvador, the capital of Bahia, located ~100 km of Feira de Santana, CHIKV transmission has not been perceived to occur epidemically, largely contrasting with the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and ensuing complications reaching the city in 2015. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study aimed to determine the intensity of CHIKV transmission in Salvador between November 2014 and April 2016. Results of all the CHIKV laboratory tests performed in the public sector were obtained and the frequency of positivity was analyzed by epidemiological week. Of the 2,736 tests analyzed, 456 (16.7%) were positive. An increasing in the positivity rate was observed, starting in January/2015, and peaking at 68% in August, shortly after the exanthematous illness outbreak attributed to ZIKV. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Public health authorities and health professionals did not immediately detect the increase in CHIKV cases, likely because all the attention was directed to the ZIKV outbreak and ensuing complications. It is important that regions in the world that harbor arbovirus vectors and did not experience intense ZIKV and CHIKV transmission be prepared for the potential co-emergence of these two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Laura B. Tauro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Perla Santana
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marta F. S. Rego
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Silva RC, Richini-Pereira VB, Kikuti M, Marson PM, Langoni H. Detection of Leishmania (L.) infantum in stray dogs by molecular techniques with sensitive species-specific primers. Vet Q 2016; 37:23-30. [PMID: 27774854 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1252073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum around the world. Canids are the definitive hosts and sand flies the intermediate hosts. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that a new species-specific primers (Lch14:Lch15, targeting a multiple alignment for L. infantum kDNA minicircle) is an efficient diagnostic tool for L. infantum. METHODS The presence of L. infantum DNA was assessed in blood samples of 69 stray dogs using the conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additional 50 lymph nodes and 50 bone marrow samples (positive and negative samples for parasitological tests) from dogs from endemic and nonendemic areas for CVL were also used. RESULTS L. infantum strains, and all positive lymph node and bone marrow samples for parasitological test gave positive results for cPCR and qPCR, presenting analytical sensitivity of ∼100 parasite mL-1. For the blood samples, 40/69 (58%; CI 95%; 46%-69%) resulted positive for L. infantum in both tests. All positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of the specific detection of L. infantum based on species-specific primers by molecular techniques, highlighting the application as a confirmation method in epidemiological studies and to adopt the best control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- a Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA
| | | | - Mariana Kikuti
- c Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Pâmela M Marson
- d Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- d Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , Brazil
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Paploski IA, Prates APP, Cardoso CW, Kikuti M, Silva MMO, Waller LA, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Time Lags between Exanthematous Illness Attributed to Zika Virus, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Microcephaly, Salvador, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1438-44. [PMID: 27144515 PMCID: PMC4982160 DOI: 10.3201/eid2208.160496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection emerged as a public health emergency after increasing evidence for its association with neurologic disorders and congenital malformations. In Salvador, Brazil, outbreaks of acute exanthematous illness (AEI) attributed to Zika virus, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and microcephaly occurred in 2015. We investigated temporal correlations and time lags between these outbreaks to identify a common link between them by using epidemic curves and time series cross-correlations. Number of GBS cases peaked after a lag of 5-9 weeks from the AEI peak. Number of suspected cases of microcephaly peaked after a lag of 30-33 weeks from the AEI peak, which corresponded to time of potential infections of pregnant mothers during the first trimester. These findings support the association of GBS and microcephaly with Zika virus infection and provide evidence for a temporal relationship between timing of arboviral infection of pregnant women during the first trimester and birth outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiane W. Cardoso
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.M.O. Silva, M.G. Reis, U. Kitron, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.G. Reis, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador (A.P.P.B. Prates, C.W. Cardoso)
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.A. Waller, U. Kitron)
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.M.O. Silva, M.G. Reis, U. Kitron, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.G. Reis, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador (A.P.P.B. Prates, C.W. Cardoso)
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.A. Waller, U. Kitron)
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.M.O. Silva, M.G. Reis, U. Kitron, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.G. Reis, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador (A.P.P.B. Prates, C.W. Cardoso)
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.A. Waller, U. Kitron)
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.M.O. Silva, M.G. Reis, U. Kitron, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.G. Reis, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador (A.P.P.B. Prates, C.W. Cardoso)
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.A. Waller, U. Kitron)
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.M.O. Silva, M.G. Reis, U. Kitron, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (I.A.D. Paploski, M. Kikuti, M.G. Reis, G.S. Ribeiro)
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador (A.P.P.B. Prates, C.W. Cardoso)
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (L.A. Waller, U. Kitron)
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Paploski IAD, Rodrigues MS, Mugabe VA, Kikuti M, Tavares AS, Reis MG, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS. Storm drains as larval development and adult resting sites for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Salvador, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:419. [PMID: 27464886 PMCID: PMC4963997 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), as well as yellow fever (YFV) viruses are transmitted to humans by Aedes spp. females. In Salvador, the largest urban center in north-eastern Brazil, the four DENV types have been circulating, and more recently, CHIKV and ZIKV have also become common. We studied the role of storm drains as Aedes larval development and adult resting sites in four neighbourhoods of Salvador, representing different socioeconomic, infrastructure and topographic conditions. Results A sample of 122 storm drains in the four study sites were surveyed twice during a 4-month period in 2015; in 49.0 % of the visits, the storm drains contained water. Adults and immatures of Aedes aegypti were captured in two of the four sites, and adults and immatures of Aedes albopictus were captured in one of these two sites. A total of 468 specimens were collected: 148 Ae. aegypti (38 adults and 110 immatures), 79 Ae. albopictus (48 adults and 31 immatures), and 241 non-Aedes (mainly Culex spp.) mosquitoes (42 adults and 199 immatures). The presence of adults or immatures of Ae. aegypti in storm drains was independently associated with the presence of non-Aedes mosquitoes and with rainfall of ≤ 50 mm during the preceding week. Conclusions We found that in Salvador, one of the epicentres of the 2015 ZIKV outbreak, storm drains often accumulate water and serve as larval development sites and adult resting areas for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Vector control campaigns usually overlook storm drains, as most of the effort to prevent Ae. agypti reproduction is directed towards containers in the domicile environment. While further studies are needed to determine the added contribution of storm drains for the maintenance of Aedes spp. populations, we advocate that vector control programs incorporate actions directed at storm drains, including regular inspections and use of larvicides, and that human and capital resources are mobilized to modify storm drains, so that they do not serves as larval development sites for Aedes (and other) mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Moreno S Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Vánio André Mugabe
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Universidade Pedagógica de Quelimane, Quelimane, ZB, Mozambique
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aline S Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer Galvão Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Emory University, Atlanta, GE, USA
| | - Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Cardoso CW, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Rodrigues MS, Silva MMO, Campos GS, Sardi SI, Kitron U, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Outbreak of Exanthematous Illness Associated with Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses, Salvador, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:2274-6. [PMID: 26584464 PMCID: PMC4672408 DOI: 10.3201/eid2112.151167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Oliveira CR, Costa GSR, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Kasper AM, Silva MMO, Tavares AS, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Lima HCAV, Calcagno J, Reis MG, Weinberger DM, Shapiro ED, Ko AI, Ribeiro GS. Influenza-like illness in an urban community of Salvador, Brazil: incidence, seasonality and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:125. [PMID: 26975185 PMCID: PMC4791800 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of the epidemiology of influenza is limited in tropical regions, which in turn has hampered identifying optimal region-specific policy to diminish disease burden. Influenza-like illness (ILI) is a clinical diagnosis that can be used as a surrogate for influenza. This study aimed to define the incidence and seasonality of ILI and to assess its association with climatic variables and school calendar in an urban community in the tropical region of Salvador, Brazil. METHODS Between 2009 and 2013, we conducted enhanced community-based surveillance for acute febrile illnesses (AFI) among patients ≥ 5 years of age in a slum community emergency unit in Salvador, Brazil. ILI was defined as a measured temperature of ≥ 37.8 °C or reported fever in a patient with cough or sore throat for ≤ 7 days, and negative test results for dengue and leptospirosis. Seasonality was analyzed with a harmonic regression model. Negative binomial regression models were used to correlate ILI incidence with rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and the number of days per month that schools were in session while controlling for seasonality. RESULTS There were 2,651 (45.6% of 5,817 AFI patients) ILI cases with a mean annual incidence of 60 cases/1,000 population (95% CI 58-62). Risk of ILI was highest among 5-9 year olds with an annual incidence of 105 cases/1,000 population in 2009. ILI had a clear seasonal pattern with peaks between the 35-40th week of the year. ILI peaks were higher and earlier in 5-9 year olds compared with > 19 year olds. No association was seen between ILI and precipitation, relative humidity or temperature. There was a significant association between the incidence of ILI in children 5-9 years of age and number of scheduled school days per month. CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant burden of ILI with distinct seasonality in the Brazilian tropics and highest rates among young school-age children. Seasonal peaks of ILI in children 5-9 years of age were positively associated with the number of school days, indicating that children may play a role in the timing of seasonal influenza transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Gisela S. R. Costa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Amelia M. Kasper
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tássia L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Helena C. A. V. Lima
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juan Calcagno
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Weinberger
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Eugene D. Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Investigative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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Silva MMO, Rodrigues MS, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Kasper AM, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Tavares AS, Santana PM, Araújo JMG, Ko AI, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Accuracy of Dengue Reporting by National Surveillance System, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:336-9. [PMID: 26812472 PMCID: PMC4734515 DOI: 10.3201/eid2202.150495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kikuti M, Cunha GM, Paploski IAD, Kasper AM, Silva MMO, Tavares AS, Cruz JS, Queiroz TL, Rodrigues MS, Santana PM, Lima HCAV, Calcagno J, Takahashi D, Gonçalves AHO, Araújo JMG, Gauthier K, Diuk-Wasser MA, Kitron U, Ko AI, Reis MG, Ribeiro GS. Spatial Distribution of Dengue in a Brazilian Urban Slum Setting: Role of Socioeconomic Gradient in Disease Risk. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015. [PMID: 26196686 PMCID: PMC4510880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies of dengue have shown group-level associations between demographic, socioeconomic, or geographic characteristics and the spatial distribution of dengue within small urban areas. This study aimed to examine whether specific characteristics of an urban slum community were associated with the risk of dengue disease. Methodology/Principal Findings From 01/2009 to 12/2010, we conducted enhanced, community-based surveillance in the only public emergency unit in a slum in Salvador, Brazil to identify acute febrile illness (AFI) patients with laboratory evidence of dengue infection. Patient households were geocoded within census tracts (CTs). Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical data were obtained from the 2010 national census. Associations between CTs characteristics and the spatial risk of both dengue and non-dengue AFI were assessed by Poisson log-normal and conditional auto-regressive models (CAR). We identified 651 (22.0%) dengue cases among 2,962 AFI patients. Estimated risk of symptomatic dengue was 21.3 and 70.2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. All the four dengue serotypes were identified, but DENV2 predominated (DENV1: 8.1%; DENV2: 90.7%; DENV3: 0.4%; DENV4: 0.8%). Multivariable CAR regression analysis showed increased dengue risk in CTs with poorer inhabitants (RR: 1.02 for each percent increase in the frequency of families earning ≤1 times the minimum wage; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and decreased risk in CTs located farther from the health unit (RR: 0.87 for each 100 meter increase; 95% CI: 0.80-0.94). The same CTs characteristics were also associated with non-dengue AFI risk. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights the large burden of symptomatic dengue on individuals living in urban slums in Brazil. Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status was independently associated with increased risk of dengue, indicating that within slum communities with high levels of absolute poverty, factors associated with the social gradient influence dengue transmission. In addition, poor geographic access to health services may be a barrier to identifying both dengue and non-dengue AFI cases. Therefore, further spatial studies should account for this potential source of bias. Dengue is influenced by the environment; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and the spatial distribution of dengue within small urban areas. We examined whether specific characteristics of an urban slum community were associated with dengue risk. From January 2009 to December 2010, we conducted community-based surveillance in a slum in Salvador, Brazil to identify patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) and to test them for dengue. We identified 651 (22.0%) patients with laboratory evidence of dengue infection among 2,962 AFI patients. All the four dengue serotypes were detected, but DENV2 predominated (DENV1 8.1%; DENV2 90.7%; DENV3 0.4%; DENV4 0.8%). Estimated risk of symptomatic dengue was 21.3 and 70.2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. We found that neighborhood poverty level and proximity to the health center were associated with higher risk of detection of dengue and other AFI. This study highlights the large burden of dengue in poor urban slums of Brazil and indicates that socioeconomic development could potentially mitigate risk factors for both dengue and non-dengue AFI cases. In addition, we found that residential proximity to a health care facility was associated with improved case detection. Therefore, further studies on disease distribution should consider household proximity to health care facilities when assessing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kikuti
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Geraldo M. Cunha
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor A. D. Paploski
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amelia M. Kasper
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monaise M. O. Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Cruz
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tássia L. Queiroz
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Moreno S. Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Perla M. Santana
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helena C. A. V. Lima
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juan Calcagno
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Daniele Takahashi
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Josélio M. G. Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Kristine Gauthier
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Finger MA, de Barros Filho IR, Leutenegger C, Estrada M, Ullmann LS, Langoni H, Kikuti M, Dornbush PT, Deconto I, Biondo AW. Serological and molecular survey of Leptospira spp. among cart horses from an endemic area of human leptospirosis in Curitiba, southern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:473-6. [PMID: 25351539 PMCID: PMC4296865 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cart horses are a re-emerging population
employed to carry recyclable material in cities. Methods: Sixty-two horses were sampled in an endemic area
of human leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and
real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. Results: A seropositivity of 75.8% with serovar
Icterohaemorrhagiae in 80.8% of the horses was observed. Blood and urine
were qPCR negative. MAT showed positive correlations with rainfall
(p = 0.02) and flooding
(p = 0.03). Conclusions: Although horses may be constantly exposed to
Leptospira spp. in the environment mostly because of
rainfall and flooding, no leptospiremia or leptospiruria were observed in this
study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Angélica Finger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marko Estrada
- Real Time PCR Core Facility, Idexx Reference Laboratories, West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Kikuti
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Veterinary School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Deconto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Morikawa VM, Bier D, Pellizzaro M, Ullmann LS, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Langoni H, Biondo AW, Molento MB. Seroprevalence and seroincidence of Leptospira infection in dogs during a one-year period in an endemic urban area in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:50-5. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0213-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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de Oliveira EA, Manosso RM, Braune G, Marcenovicz PC, Kuritza LN, Ventura HLB, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Biondo AW. Neighborhood and postal worker characteristics associated with dog bites in postal workers of the Brazilian National Postal Service in Curitiba. Cien Saude Colet 2014; 18:1367-74. [PMID: 23670465 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232013000500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog bites are the third most common cause of absenteeism among postal workers of the Brazilian National Postal Service in Southern Brazil, with an average off-work time of approximately two days for each biting episode. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neighborhood characteristics involving dog bites that occurred during work time in postal workers, its impact on work and consequent preventive alternatives. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was designed for all Curitiba postal workers. Data were descriptively analyzed and the hypothesis of correlation between median monthly income, population density and occurrence of dog bites was tested. A total of 34.9% of the postal workers answered the questionnaire and 64.6% of them had been bitten while working. The odds of bites occurring in a neighborhood increase by 1.035 times for every increase in one unit in the population density and decrease by 0.998 times for every increase of US$ 1.00 in the neighborhood median monthly income of the head of the family. The occurrence of dog bites among postal workers in Curitiba is related to income and population density and prevention strategies should address mailbox position and adequate fencing to provide protection for postal workers.
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Martins CM, Barros CDCD, Galindo CM, Kikuti M, Ullmann LS, Pampuch RDS, Hoffmann JL, Langoni H, Ferreira F, Molento MB, Biondo AW. Incidence of canine leptospirosis in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 46:772-5. [PMID: 24474022 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-1665-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of canine leptospirosis in Brazil needs to be assessed. METHODS The same dogs in southern Brazil were sampled over two years to determine the prevalence, incidence and association of canine leptospirosis with various risk factors. RESULTS In 2009, the prevalence was 33 (14.4%) of 228 dogs, with a predominance of serovar Canicola (33.4%). In 2010, 90 dogs were re-evaluated (the remaining dogs were lost to deaths, address changes and donations), and the prevalence was found to be 35 (38.9%) of 90, with the predominant serovar being Icterohaemorrhagiae (51.4%). Moreover, the incidence was 26 of 90 (28.9%), and the disease was statistically associated with age (2009) and street access (2010). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed instability in the dog population and age to be relevant risk factors for canine leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marinelli Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP
| | | | | | - Mariana Kikuti
- Departamento de Higiene e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Ciências Animais, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, BotucatuSP
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Departamento de Higiene e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Ciências Animais, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, BotucatuSP
| | | | - Juliano Leônidas Hoffmann
- Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, BrasíliaDF
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Ciências Animais, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, BotucatuSP
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP
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Kikuti M, Richini-Pereira VB, Da Silva RC, Langoni H. PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ’S EFFECT ON NEOSPORA CANINUM ANTIGEN PRODUCTION. AVS 2013. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v18i1.27291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasite Neospora caninum affects mainly cattle and dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phytohaemagglutinin (PHE) in antigen production of N. caninum NC-1 strain in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and in vitro. 20 gerbils were used, 10 inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 x 106 tachyzoites and 10 with 1 x 106 tachyzoites plus 300 µL/mL of PHE. 16 bottles of Vero cell culture were inoculated, 8 with 1.5 x 105 tachyzoites and 8 with 1.5 x 105 tachyzoites plus 30 µL/mL of PHE. Serology of gerbils was performed on day 0 and before euthanasia. Tachyzoites present in peritoneal fluid and cell culture bottles were quantified by Neubauer chamber and by real-time PCR (qPCR). PHE has not interfered in the production of tachyzoites of N. caninum in intraperitoneal inoculated gerbils and the effect of PHE in cell culture had a negative impact, considering the qPCR technique as the gold standard.
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Bier D, Shimakura SE, Morikawa VM, Ullmann LS, Kikuti M, Langoni H, Biondo AW, Molento MB. Análise espacial do risco de leptospirose canina na Vila Pantanal, Curitiba, Paraná. Pesq Vet Bras 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A leptospirose é uma grave zoonose associada às áreas de baixa renda dos centros urbanos. Embora roedores urbanos sejam considerados como principal reservatório para a leptospirose, o cão também pode desenvolver a doença e se tornar carreador assintomático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi utilizar a metodologia estatística baseada na teoria de processos pontuais espaciais, buscando identificar a forma como se distribuem os cães sororreagentes para a leptospirose e seus determinantes de risco em uma vila na cidade de Curitiba. A análise do modelo possibilitou identificar as regiões de sobre-risco, onde o risco de soropositividade canina à leptospirose é significativamente maior. A relação significativa do efeito espacial no desenvolvimento da doença, além das variáveis estudadas, revela que não apenas um, mas a ação conjunta dos fatores relacionados ao animal, ao proprietário e ao ambiente influencia o risco maior da doença nos locais de maior efeito espacial. O resultado da análise indica claramente os territórios em maior risco na região da Vila Pantanal, possibilitando o planejamento de ações mais específicas e dirigidas a essas áreas em um contexto de vigilância da saúde.
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Kikuti M, Langoni H, Nobrega DN, Corrêa APFL, Ullmann LS. Occurrence and risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992012000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Machado GP, Kikuti M, Langoni H, Paes AC. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from farms. Vet Parasitol 2011; 182:356-8. [PMID: 21676548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from rural properties. 1497 blood samples were collected from sheep and 42 from dogs that cohabited with sheep from 16 farms located in the central region of São Paulo State, Brazil. For the detection of N. caninum antibodies it was performed the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT ≥ 25). For the epidemiological study it was applied a questionnaire for the owners or responsible from the sheep and dogs regarding informations related to neosporosis. The seroprevalence obtained out of the 1497 sheep sera tested was 8.0% (CI95%=6.7-9.2%) and out of the 42 dogs 4.8% (CI95%=0-7.2%). Variables statistically related to seropositivity for N. caninum in sheep were: dams well as water supply (P=0.0004; OR=2.15), presence of other domestic canids (P=0.0013; OR=2.38) and presence of reproductive problems (P=0.0031; OR=1.75).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Puglia Machado
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Silva MDCP, de Oliveira EA, da Silva AWC, Biondo AW. Prevention educational program of human rabies transmitted by bats in rain forest preserved area of southern Brazilian coast. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:529-32. [PMID: 21824357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Guaraqueçaba city is a rain forest environmental protected area located on the southern coast of Brazil. Recently, the local Animal Health Service has noticed haematophagous bats feeding from humans and domestic animals, as well as bat colonies located in houses and public schools. In 2007, two non-haematophagous bats were tested positive by direct immunofluorescence for rabies in a nearby city. Native fauna and environmental laws protect non-haematophagous bats in Brazilian preserved areas such as Guaraqueçaba, making non-haematophagous bat population control almost impossible. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate a simple and feasible educational protocol applied by a multi-institutional task force in local elementary schools to prevent rabies transmitted by bats. Information was transmitted to children by video, lectures and oral question-answer section; evaluation was made by written questionnaires to teachers and students. Interinstitutional task force included public and animal health public services, a federal university and the city secretary of environment, of education, of agriculture and of animal health, and also participation of local community. Information was effectively absorbed by children when evaluated just after being given. As important, questionnaires showed that handling and playing with bats at day time was common in several elementary school students, exposing themselves to what may represent higher risk of rabies transmission than haematophagous bat feeding directly from humans. Training of teachers and students may effectively prevent rabies by bats in such communities. Insertion of this subject into science content of local elementary school educational programme was proposed in order to establish a continuing education programme on rabies transmitted by bats in environmental preserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kikuti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Kawahara K, Shiraishi T, Okabayashi K, Iwasaki A, Hayashi K, Matsuo T, Mita S, Maekawa T, Shirakusa T, Kikuti M, Tashiro K. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the lung. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 44:210-2. [PMID: 8896166 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe an immunocompetent adult patient presenting with cough and hemoptysis who was found to have a pulmonary mass localized to the right upper lobe. Lobectomy was performed and pathological examination revealed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawahara
- Second Department of Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Japan
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