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Tjandra J, Ranjan A, Ackerman AK, Appleton M, Pedrazzini S. Effect of NaCl and Na 2SO 4 on Low Temperature Corrosion of Vapour- and Pack-Aluminide Coated Single Crystal Turbine Blade Alloys CMSX-4 and RR3010. Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci 2023; 54:1-14. [PMID: 37360909 PMCID: PMC10243695 DOI: 10.1007/s11661-023-07099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current work presents a systematic study of two alloy compositions (RR3010 and CMSX-4) and two types of coatings: inward grown (pack) and outward grown (vapour) deposited aluminides, exposed to 98Na2SO4-2NaCl mixture. Grit blasting was used on some of the samples, prior to coating, to mimic in-service procedures and remove oxides from the surface prior to coating. Two-point bend tests were then performed on the coated samples, with and without applied salt at 550 °C for 100 hours. Samples were pre-strained at 0.6 pct strain to deliberately pre-crack the coating and then strained at 0.3 pct for the heat treatment. Exposure to 98Na2SO4-2NaCl under applied stress of vapour-aluminide coated samples of both alloys, revealed significant coating damage in the form of secondary cracks in the intermetallic-rich inter-diffusion zone, although only CMSX-4 exhibited cracks propagating further into the bulk alloy while RR3010 proved more resistant. The pack-aluminide coating proved more protective for both alloys, with cracks propagating only into the coating and never into the underlying alloy. In addition, grit blasting proved beneficial in reducing spallation and cracking for both types of coating. The findings were used to propose a mechanism based on thermodynamic reactions, to explain the crack width changes through the formation of volatile AlCl3 in the cracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tjandra
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - A. Ranjan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - A. K. Ackerman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - M. Appleton
- Rolls-Royce Plc, PO Box 31, Derby, DE24 8BJ UK
| | - S. Pedrazzini
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Gabrielli AP, Weidling I, Ranjan A, Wang X, Novikova L, Chowdhury SR, Menta B, Berkowicz A, Wilkins HM, Peterson KR, Swerdlow RH. Mitochondria Profoundly Influence Apolipoprotein E Biology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:591-604. [PMID: 36776072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria can trigger Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated molecular phenomena, but how mitochondria impact apolipoprotein E (APOE; apoE) is not well known. OBJECTIVE Consider whether and how mitochondrial biology influences APOE and apoE biology. METHODS We measured APOE expression in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction including total, chronic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion (ρ0 cells); acute, partial mtDNA depletion; and toxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We further assessed intracellular and secreted apoE protein levels in the ρ0 cells and interrogated the impact of transcription factors and stress signaling pathways known to influence APOE expression. RESULTS SH-SY5Y ρ0 cells exhibited a 65-fold increase in APOE mRNA, an 8-fold increase in secreted apoE protein, and increased intracellular apoE protein. Other models of primary mitochondrial dysfunction including partial mtDNA-depletion, toxin-induced respiratory chain inhibition, and chemical-induced manipulations of the mitochondrial membrane potential similarly increased SH-SY5Y cell APOE mRNA. We explored potential mediators and found in the ρ0 cells knock-down of the C/EBPα and NFE2L2 (Nrf2) transcription factors reduced APOE mRNA. The activity of two mitogen-activated protein kinases, JNK and ERK, also strongly influenced ρ0 cell APOE mRNA levels. CONCLUSION Primary mitochondrial dysfunction either directly or indirectly activates APOE expression in a neuronal cell model by altering transcription factors and stress signaling pathways. These studies demonstrate mitochondrial biology can influence the biology of the APOE gene and apoE protein, which are implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gabrielli
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ian Weidling
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amol Ranjan
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lesya Novikova
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Blaise Menta
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alexandra Berkowicz
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kenneth R Peterson
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Dubey H, Ranjan A, Tanwar P. T031 Human epididymis protein 4 as a biomarker for screening of ovarian cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Masiwal R, Sharma C, Ranjan A, Radhakrishnan SR, Shukla DK, Bambal VK, Uniyal SK. Long-term variability of trace gases over the Indian Western Himalayan Region. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150127. [PMID: 34583076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The four-year continuous measurements of CO, NOx, NH3, SO2, and O3 were carried at a high altitude site (32.12°N, 76.56°E at 1347 m AMSL) of the Indian Western Himalayan area to study the mixing ratios of these gases for understanding the changing trends of these trace gases over the region. Each of these trace gases showed significant daily and monthly variabilities. The highest variability was recorded in the monthly mean values of O3 as it varied from 10 to 63 ppb during the study period. All the trace gases except CO showed maximum variability in the pre-monsoon seasons due to the strong advection and vertical circulation of air masses at the site. The seasonal mean maxima of CO were recorded during the monsoon season, while the mean maxima of NH3 were recorded during the post-monsoon seasons. The meteorological parameters have been found to influence the mixing ratios of trace gases. The least variability in the mean seasonal mixing ratios of SO2 during the study period indicated the constant point source of SO2 near the site. The trajectories analysis revealed that the area receives maximum air masses from the southeast to the west directions where a number of the coal-based thermal power plants, industries, cement plants, and agricultural fields are also located. The influence of valley-to-mountain circulations was also observed at the site, resulting in the transport of pollutant-rich air masses from local and distant sources to the site. A comparison of the mixing ratios of different trace gases obtained in the present study is also made with the values reported for other high altitude stations in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Masiwal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - C Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - A Ranjan
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S R Radhakrishnan
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - D K Shukla
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - V K Bambal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S K Uniyal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India
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Mohakud S, Ranjan A, Naik S, Deep N. COVID-19 preparedness for portable x-rays in an Indian hospital - Safety of the radiographers, the frontline warriors. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:270-271. [PMID: 32327384 PMCID: PMC7167544 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohakud
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - A Ranjan
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - S Naik
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - N Deep
- Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Ranjan A, Chen S, Goode Z, Sato S, Sato C, Takahashi H, Conaway R, Conaway JW. Roles of Mediator subunit MED26 in Regulation of Post‐initiation Events in RNA Pol II Transcription. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research
- University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Joan W. Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research
- University of Kansas Medical Center
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SATO S, Tomomori-Sato C, Ranjan A, Conaway RC, Conaway JW. Structure and functions of the Mediator complex: A key regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ranjan A, Choubey M, Yada T, Krishna A. Nesfatin-1 ameliorates type-2 diabetes-associated reproductive dysfunction in male mice. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:515-528. [PMID: 31691259 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was aimed to demonstrate the recuperative effect of nesfatin-1 on testicular dysfunction in the high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. METHOD AND RESULTS Three experimental groups were formed: (1) vehicle control (VC), (2) T2DM mice, (3) T2DM + nesf-1. The mice with blood glucose level higher than 300 mg/dL following HFD and a single dose of STZ were used for the experiment. The T2DM mice showed increases in body mass, blood glucose and insulin levels, reductions in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, production of antioxidative enzymes, and disturbed lipid profile. These alterations were all ameliorated by administration of nesfatin-1 at 20 μg/Kg BW for 15 days. Nesfatin-1 treatment also increased the production of testosterone (T), improved insulin sensitivity, and effectively ameliorated the testicular aberrations, and increased spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. In addition, nesfatin-1 treatment upregulated the PCNA and Bcl2 expression and inhibited the caspase-3 and prohibitin expression in T2DM mice. Nesfatin-1 increased insulin receptor (IR) and GLUT8 expressions, and lactate production, the changes that further substantiate the increase of energy influx to the testis. CONCLUSION Altogether, the results suggest the ameliorative effect of nesfatin-1 against T2DM-associated testicular dysfunctions and improved insulin sensitivity along with promoting T production and fertility in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Choubey
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - A Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Takahashi H, Ranjan A, Chen S, Suzuki H, Shibata M, Hirose T, Hirose H, Sasaki K, Abe R, Chen K, He Y, Zhang Y, Takigawa I, Tsukiyama T, Watanabe M, Fujii S, Iida M, Yamamoto J, Yamaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Washburn MP, Saraf A, Florens L, Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Conaway RC, Conaway JW, Hatakeyama S. The role of Mediator and Little Elongation Complex in transcription termination. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1063. [PMID: 32102997 PMCID: PMC7044329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator is a coregulatory complex that regulates transcription of Pol II-dependent genes. Previously, we showed that human Mediator subunit MED26 plays a role in the recruitment of Super Elongation Complex (SEC) or Little Elongation Complex (LEC) to regulate the expression of certain genes. MED26 plays a role in recruiting SEC to protein-coding genes including c-myc and LEC to small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. However, how MED26 engages SEC or LEC to regulate distinct genes is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that MED26 recruits LEC to modulate transcription termination of non-polyadenylated transcripts including snRNAs and mRNAs encoding replication-dependent histone (RDH) at Cajal bodies. Our findings indicate that LEC recruited by MED26 promotes efficient transcription termination by Pol II through interaction with CBC-ARS2 and NELF/DSIF, and promotes 3′ end processing by enhancing recruitment of Integrator or Heat Labile Factor to snRNA or RDH genes, respectively. Mediator subunit MED26 was shown to help recruit Super Elongation Complex (SEC) or Little Elongation Complex (LEC) to control the expression of certain genes. Here, the authors provide evidence that MED26 recruits LEC to regulate transcription termination of non-polyadenylated genes, including snRNA and replication-dependent histone (RDH) genes at Cajal bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan.
| | - Amol Ranjan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Hidefumi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan
| | - Mio Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 216-0004, Japan
| | - Kai Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Yanfeng He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ichigaku Takigawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0814, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Proteomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Shigeo Sato
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Chieri Tomomori-Sato
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Joan W Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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Ranjan A, Pey KL, O'Shea SJ. The interplay between drift and electrical measurement in conduction atomic force microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:073701. [PMID: 31370442 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Conduction Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM), it is sometimes required to monitor electrical data at a single location over an extended period of time. However, thermal drift of the microscope will cause the tip to move with respect to the sample and thus limit the collection of data. We investigate a method to prolong the time a tip dwells at a location by choosing the AFM cantilever to have small spring constants in the lateral directions. The basis of the approach is that the tip can only move (or slip) once the lateral forces caused by drift overcome the friction force pinning the tip to the surface. We demonstrate the effect experimentally using platinum wire tips and diamond coated tips on SiO2 and HfO2 dielectric films. Simultaneous measurement of the current flow and lateral force signals show that the onset of tip slipping correlates with the beginning of a decrease in the measured current flow, and the onset of slip is prolonged for blunt tips or cantilevers having soft lateral spring constants. The approach not only provides a way to improve the CAFM method for time dependent measurements but also assists in interpreting CAFM data in the presence of drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - K L Pey
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - S J O'Shea
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
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Doddamani P, Ojha V, Prashant A, Manjrekar P, Ranjan A. Sample rejection rate as a major quality indicator: Comparative findings from clinical biochemistry laboratory of two tertiary care hospitals from Southern India. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kumar M, Patel A, Jaiswal A, Ranjan A, Mohanta D, Sahu S, Saraswat A, Rao P, Rao T, Mehta V, Ranjith kumar S, Bhattacharyay R, Rajendrakumar E, Malhotra S, Satyamurthy P. Engineering design and development of lead lithium loop for thermo-fluid MHD studies. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tetzschner R, Nørgaard K, Ranjan A. Effects of alcohol on plasma glucose and prevention of alcohol-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes-A systematic review with GRADE. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 29135074 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Because ethanol is thought to be a risk factor for severe hypoglycemia, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are recommended to limit ethanol intake. However, little is known on how ethanol affects plasma glucose and how ethanol-induced hypoglycemia can be prevented. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature for ethanol effects on plasma glucose and for prevention strategies on ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. Electronic searches on PubMed and Google were conducted in February 2017. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included. Studies involved patients with T1D with no history of ethanol abuse. The primary aims were changes in plasma glucose after ethanol intake and prevention strategies for ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. Quality of the studies was assessed by GRADE. Additionally, we searched for guidelines from diabetes associations on their suggested prevention strategies. We included 13 studies. Eight studies reported that ethanol, regardless of administration intravenously or orally, were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia due to decrease in plasma glucose, impaired counter-regulatory response, awareness of hypoglycemia, and cognitive function. Five studies did not report an increased risk of hypoglycemia. None of the studies investigated prevention strategies for ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. Recommendations from 13 diabetes associations were included. All associations recommend that ethanol should only be consumed with food intake. The majority of included studies showed that ethanol intake increased the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T1D. However, the evidence for how to prevent ethanol-induced hypoglycemia is sparse, and further investigations are needed to establish evidence-based recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tetzschner
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - K Nørgaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - A Ranjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
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Ranjan A, Raghavan N, O'Shea SJ, Mei S, Bosman M, Shubhakar K, Pey KL. Conductive Atomic Force Microscope Study of Bipolar and Threshold Resistive Switching in 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2854. [PMID: 29434292 PMCID: PMC5809508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the resistive switching characteristics and underlying mechanism in 2D layered hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) dielectric films using conductive atomic force microscopy. A combination of bipolar and threshold resistive switching is observed consistently on multi-layer h-BN/Cu stacks in the low power regime with current compliance (Icomp) of less than 100 nA. Standard random telegraph noise signatures were observed in the low resistance state (LRS), similar to the trends in oxygen vacancy-based RRAM devices. While h-BN appears to be a good candidate in terms of switching performance and endurance, it performs poorly in terms of retention lifetime due to the self-recovery of LRS state (similar to recovery of soft breakdown in oxide-based dielectrics) that is consistently observed at all locations without requiring any change in the voltage polarity for Icomp ~1–100 nA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore.
| | - N Raghavan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore
| | - S J O'Shea
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - S Mei
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - M Bosman
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - K Shubhakar
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore
| | - K L Pey
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
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Abstract
The multisubunit Mediator is an evolutionary conserved transcriptional coregulatory complex in eukaryotes. It is needed for the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in general as well as in a gene specific manner. Mediator complex subunits interact with different transcription factors as well as components of RNA Pol II transcription initiation complex and in doing so act as a bridge between gene specific transcription factors and general Pol II transcription machinery. Specific interaction of various Mediator subunits with nuclear receptors (NRs) and other transcription factors involved in metabolism has been reported in different studies. Evidences indicate that ligand-activated NRs recruit Mediator complex for RNA Pol II-dependent gene transcription. These NRs have been explored as therapeutic targets in different metabolic diseases; however, they show side-effects as targets due to their overlapping involvement in different signaling pathways. Here we discuss the interaction of various Mediator subunits with transcription factors involved in metabolism and whether specific interaction of these transcription factors with Mediator subunits could be potentially utilized as therapeutic strategy in a variety of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Ranjan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, AlAin, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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16
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Ahmad S, Jin H, Sahoo K, Griffin R, Herman T, Ranjan A. Proton Therapy in Combination With Mild Hyperthermia Enhances Killing of Radio-Resistant Hypoxic Tumor Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Kalita J, Naik S, Bhoi SK, Misra UK, Ranjan A, Kumar S. Pontomesencephalic Atrophy and Postural Instability in Wilson Disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1343-1347. [PMID: 28495941 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The MR Parkinsonism index helps in differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and multisystem atrophy. Pontomesencephalic involvement is common in neurologic Wilson disease, but there is no prior study evaluating the MR Parkinsonism index and its indices in Wilson disease. We report the MR Parkinsonism index and its indices in Wilson disease and correlate these changes with clinical severity and postural reflex. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen individuals with neurologic Wilson disease were included, and their clinical details, including neurologic severity, postural reflex abnormality, and location of signal changes on MR imaging, were noted. The 3D BRAVO T1 sequence was used for measurement of the MR Parkinsonism index and its indices. The MR Parkinsonism index and its indices were also obtained in 6 age- and sex-matched controls. The morphometric parameters in Wilson disease were compared with those in with healthy controls and among the patients with and without abnormal postural reflex. RESULTS The midbrain area was reduced in patients with Wilson disease compared with controls (112.08 ± 27.94 versus 171.95 ± 23.66 mm2, P = .002). The patients with an abnormal postural reflex had an increased MR Parkinsonism index and pons-to-midbrain ratio compared with controls, whereas these parameters were equivalent in patients with normal postural reflex and controls. The patients with abnormal postural reflex had more severe illness, evidenced by higher Burke-Fahn-Marsden scores (51.0 ± 32.27 versus 13.75 ± 12.37, P = .04) and neurologic severity grades (2.57 ± 0.53 versus 1.67 ± 0.82, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS An increase in the MR Parkinsonism index in Wilson disease is mainly due to midbrain atrophy and it correlates with neurologic severity and abnormal postural reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalita
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.K., S.K.B., U.K.M., A.R.)
| | - S Naik
- Radiology (S.N., S.K.), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - S K Bhoi
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.K., S.K.B., U.K.M., A.R.)
| | - U K Misra
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.K., S.K.B., U.K.M., A.R.)
| | - A Ranjan
- From the Departments of Neurology (J.K., S.K.B., U.K.M., A.R.)
| | - S Kumar
- Radiology (S.N., S.K.), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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18
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Dinesh DS, Ranjan A, Palit A, Kishore K, Kar SK. Seasonal and nocturnal landing/biting behaviour ofPhlebotomus argentipes(Diptera: Psychodidae). Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Wang F, Ranjan A, Wei D, Wu C. Comment on "A histone acetylation switch regulates H2A.Z deposition by the SWR-C remodeling enzyme". Science 2016; 353:358. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the outcome of patients with Guillain -: Barre syndrome (GBS) having respiratory failure treated with modified intubation policy. DESIGN AND METHODS Consecutive patients with GBS having single breath count below 12 and respiratory rate >30/min were included and their clinical details noted. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated (MV) if their PaO2 was <60 mmHg on venturi mask, PaCo2 > 50 mmHg or pH < 7.3. Their electrophysiological subtypes and complications were noted. The hospital mortality and 3 months outcome were compared in MV and those could be managed without MV even with respiratory compromise. RESULTS Out of 369 patients, 102 (27.6%) patients had respiratory compromise who were included in this study. Of the patients with respiratory compromise, 44 (43.1%) were intubated and mechanically ventilated after a median of 4 days of hospitalization. The median duration of MV was 21 (range 1-88) days. The patients with autonomic dysfunction (56.8% vs. 19%), facial weakness (78% vs. 36.2%), bulbar weakness (81.8% vs. 31%), severe weakness (63.8% vs. 31%) and high transaminase level (47.7% vs. 25.9%) needed MV more frequently. In our study, 6.8% patients died and 26.6% had poor outcome which was similar between MV and non-MV patients. The MV patients had longer hospitalization and more complications compared with non-MV group. CONCLUSION In GBS patients with respiratory compromise, conservative intubation does not increase mortality and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalita
- From the Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - A Ranjan
- From the Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - U K Misra
- From the Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
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Ranjan A, Schmidt S, Madsbad S, Holst JJ, Nørgaard K. Effects of subcutaneous, low-dose glucagon on insulin-induced mild hypoglycaemia in patients with insulin pump treated type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:410-8. [PMID: 26743775 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the dose-response relationship of subcutaneous (s.c.) glucagon administration on plasma glucose and on counter-regulatory hormone responses during s.c. insulin-induced mild hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pumps. METHODS Eight insulin pump-treated patients completed a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Hypoglycaemia was induced in the fasting state by an s.c. insulin bolus and, when plasma glucose reached 3.4 mmol/l [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-3.5], an s.c. bolus of either 100, 200, 300 µg glucagon or saline was administered. Plasma glucose, counter-regulatory hormones, haemodynamic variables and side effects were measured throughout each study day. Peak plasma glucose level was the primary endpoint. RESULTS Plasma glucose level increased significantly by a mean (95% CI) of 2.3 (1.7-3.0), 4.2 (3.5-4.8) and 5.0 (4.3-5.6) mmol/l to 6.1 (4.9-7.4), 7.9 (6.4-9.3) and 8.7 (7.8-9.5) vs 3.6 (3.4-3.9) mmol/l (p < 0.001) after the three different glucagon doses as compared with saline, and the increase was neither correlated with weight nor insulin levels. Area under the plasma glucose curve, peak plasma glucose, time to peak plasma glucose and duration of plasma glucose level above baseline were significantly enhanced with increasing glucagon doses; however, these were not significantly different between 200 and 300 µg glucagon. Free fatty acids and heart rates were significantly lower initially after glucagon than after saline injection. Other haemodynamic variables, counter-regulatory hormones and side effects did not differ between interventions. CONCLUSIONS An s.c. low-dose glucagon bolus effectively restores plasma glucose after insulin overdosing. Further research is needed to investigate whether low-dose glucagon may be an alternative treatment to oral carbohydrate intake for mild hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Schmidt
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Nørgaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Nandanwar N, Hussain A, Ranjan A, Jadhav S, Ahmed N. Population structure and molecular epidemiology of human clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains from Pune, India. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Rai R, Lalchandani A, Singh V, Senthilraj, Godara M, Ranjan A, Kumar A, Singh P, Kumar A. Serum vitamin D level and carotid artery intima-media thickness in CVA infarct patients as a marker of atherosclerosis. Indian Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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25
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Reiband HK, Schmidt S, Ranjan A, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Nørgaard K. Dual-hormone treatment with insulin and glucagon in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:672-9. [PMID: 25533565 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intensive insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes reduces the incidence and slows the progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications; however, it is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain. In this review, we propose dual-hormone treatment with insulin and glucagon as a method for achieving near normalization of blood glucose levels without increasing hypoglycaemia frequency and weight gain. We briefly summarize glucagon pathophysiology in type 1 diabetes as well as the current applications of glucagon for the treatment of hypoglycaemia. Until now, the use of glucagon has been limited by the need for reconstitution immediately before use, because of instability of the available compounds; however, stabile compounds are soon to be launched and will render long-term intensive dual-hormone treatment in type 1 diabetes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Reiband
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - S Schmidt
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Ranjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - K Nørgaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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26
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Ranjan A, Kalita J, Kumar V, Misra UK. MRI and oxidative stress markers in neurological worsening of Wilson disease following penicillamine. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:45-9. [PMID: 26004675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is no report of MRI correlation with neurological worsening following chelating treatment in Wilson disease with neurological manifestation (WDN). We report radiological changes in four patients with WDN who worsen after penicillamine. METHODS WDN was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, KF ring, serum ceruloplasmin and 24h urinary copper. Hematological, biochemical and cranial MRI were repeated at the time of clinical deterioration following chelating treatment. RESULTS Four WDN patients had neurological deterioration within 4-8 weeks of penicillamine therapy. This was associated with new lesions in white matter, thalamus, pons and mid brain and these lesions showed diffusion restriction. The neurologic deterioration was associated with increased free serum copper and malanodialdehyde and reduced glutathione. Clinical conditions stabilized after few weeks of penicillamine discontinuation. CONCLUSION Neurological worsening was associated with new lesions on MRI which revealed diffusion restriction. Increased free copper induced oxidative stress may be responsible for these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - J Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - U K Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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27
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Tripathi UC, Nagaraja SB, Tripathy JP, Sahu SK, Parmar M, Rade K, Bhatnagar S, Ranjan A, Sachdeva KS. Follow-up examinations: are multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Uttar Pradesh, India, on track? Public Health Action 2015; 5:59-64. [PMID: 26400602 DOI: 10.5588/pha.14.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING All multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients who had completed 6 months of treatment under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state in northern India. OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion of MDR-TB patients with regular follow-up examinations, and underlying provider and patient perspectives of follow-up services. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was undertaken involving record reviews of 64 eligible MDR-TB patients registered during April-June 2013 in 11 districts of the state. Patients and programme personnel from the selected districts were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 34 (53.1%) patients underwent follow-up sputum culture at month 3, 43 (67.2%) at month 4, 36 (56.3%) at month 5 and 37 (57.8%) at month 6. Themes associated with irregular follow-up that emerged from the interviews were multiple visits, long travel distances, shortages of equipment at the facility and lack of knowledge among patients regarding the follow-up schedule. CONCLUSION The majority of the MDR-TB patients had irregular follow-up visits. Provider-related factors outweigh patient-related factors on the poor follow-up examinations. The programme should focus on the decentralisation of follow-up services and ensure logistics and patient-centred counselling to improve the regularisation of follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- U C Tripathi
- World Health Organization (WHO), Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Technical Support Network, Lucknow, India
| | - S B Nagaraja
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Bangalore, India
| | - J P Tripathy
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - M Parmar
- WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - K Rade
- WHO-RNTCP Technical Support Network, Central TB Division (CTD), Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhatnagar
- State TB Demonstration and Training Centre, Agra, India
| | - A Ranjan
- State TB Cell, Medical & Health Directorate, Lucknow, India
| | - K S Sachdeva
- CTD, Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi, India
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28
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Singh M, Bag SK, Bhardwaj A, Ranjan A, Mantri S, Nigam D, Sharma YK, Sawant SV. Global nucleosome positioning regulates salicylic acid mediated transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:13. [PMID: 25604550 PMCID: PMC4318435 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleosome positioning regulates the gene expression and many other DNA-related processes in eukaryotes. Genome-wide mapping of nucleosome positions and correlation of genome-wide nucleosomal remodeling with the changes in the gene expression can help us understanding gene regulation on genome level. RESULTS In the present study, we correlate the gene expression and the genomic nucleosomal remodeling in response to salicylic acid (SA) treatment in A. thaliana. We have mapped genome-wide nucleosomes by performing tiling microarray using 146 bp mononucleosomal template DNA. The average nucleosomal coverage is approximately 346 bp per nucleosome both under the control and the SA-treated conditions. The nucleosomal coverage is more in the coding region than in the 5' regulatory regions. We observe approximately 50% nucleosomal remodeling on SA treatment where significant nucleosomal depletion and nucleosomal enrichment around the transcription start site (TSS) occur in SA induced genes and SA repressed genes respectively in response to SA treatment. Especially in the case of the SA-induced group, the nucleosomal remodeling over the minimal promoter in response to SA is especially significant in the Non-expresser of PR1 (NPR1)-dependent genes. A detailed investigation of npr1-1 mutant confirms a distinct role of NPR1 in the nucleosome remodeling over the core promoter. We have also identified several motifs for various hormonal responses; including ABRE elements in the remodeled nucleosomal regions around the promoter region in the SA regulated genes. We have further identified that the W-box and TGACG/C motif, reported to play an important role in SA-mediated induction, are enriched in nucleosome free regions (NFRs) of the promoter region of the SA induced genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting genome-wide effects of SA treatment on the chromatin architecture of A. thaliana. It also reports significant role of NPR1 in genome-wide nucleosomal remodeling in response to SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar Bag
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
| | - Archana Bhardwaj
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
| | - Amol Ranjan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Deepti Nigam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | | | - Samir Vishwanath Sawant
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India.
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29
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Takahashi H, Takigawa I, Watanabe M, Anwar D, Shibata M, Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Ranjan A, Seidel CW, Tsukiyama T, Mizushima W, Hayashi M, Ohkawa Y, Conaway JW, Conaway RC, Hatakeyama S. MED26 regulates the transcription of snRNA genes through the recruitment of little elongation complex. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5941. [PMID: 25575120 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a key regulatory step in gene transcription. Recently, the little elongation complex (LEC)-which contains the transcription elongation factor ELL/EAF-was found to be required for the transcription of Pol II-dependent small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. Here we show that the human Mediator subunit MED26 plays a role in the recruitment of LEC to a subset of snRNA genes through direct interaction of EAF and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of MED26. Loss of MED26 in cells decreases the occupancy of LEC at a subset of snRNA genes and results in a reduction in their transcription. Our results suggest that the MED26-NTD functions as a molecular switch in the exchange of TBP-associated factor 7 (TAF7) for LEC to facilitate the transition from initiation to elongation during transcription of a subset of snRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichigaku Takigawa
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Delnur Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mio Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Chieri Tomomori-Sato
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Shigeo Sato
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Amol Ranjan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Chris W Seidel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masayasu Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Joan W Conaway
- 1] Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160, USA
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- 1] Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E, 50th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160, USA
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Ranjan A, Bhudia N, McGovern I, Walker C, Kuppurao L. Levosimendan: use, cost-effectiveness and outcome in a tertiary cardiothoracic centre. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4473041 DOI: 10.1186/cc14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Polf J, Jackson I, Ranjan A, Zheng Y, Fernando R. SU-E-T-211: Induced Release of Nanocarrier Encapsulated Chemotherapeutic Drugs Using Proton Radiotherapy Beams. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Fernando R, Maples D, Senavirathna LK, Zheng Y, Polf JC, Benton ER, Bartels KE, Piao D, Ranjan A. Hyperthermia Sensitization and Proton Beam Triggered Liposomal Drug Release for Targeted Tumor Therapy. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3120-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bandyopadhyay S, Saha M, Biswas S, Ranjan A, Naskar AK, Bandyopadhyay L. Calcium carbide related ocular burn injuries during mango ripening season of West Bengal, eastern India. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5:242-5. [DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Calcium carbide used in fruit ripening industry as a cheap alternative to natural plant hormone ethylene produces highly inflammable acetylene gas. Inadvertent ignition of this gas can cause severe ocular burn injury with unilateral or bilateral blindness. Objective: To determine the characteristics and visual outcome of ocular burn injuries from calcium carbide during mango ripening season of West Bengal, eastern India. Materials and methods: A prospective study of all cases of calcium carbide related ocular burn injury attending a tertiary care hospital during mango ripening season was carried out. The demographic features, characteristics of the injury, management and outcomes were recorded. Results: Fifty five eyes of 33 patients were studied. Males were more commonly affected (20 patients, 60.6%) than females. The injury was bilateral in 22 patients (66.66%). Seventeen patients (51.51%) were below 20 years of age. Ten eyes had open globe injuries and 45 eyes had closed globe injuries. One eye of a patient had to be enucleated (3%). Children below 14 years of age were mainly injured while playing with indigenous fireworks of shooting carbide. Middle aged women were affected particularly during ignition of evening lamps. Carbide lamp was another source of injury. Conclusion: Males are more commonly affected by calcium carbide related ocular injuries. Children and young adults are the common victims. Such injuries can involve both the eyes and cause a permanent visual disability. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 242-245 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8736
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Topno RK, Pandey K, Das VNR, Kumar N, Bimal S, Verma RB, Siddiqui NA, Singh D, Kumar R, Kumar P, Ranjan A, Das P, Sinha PK. Visceral leishmaniasis in pregnancy — the role of amphotericin B. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 102:267-70. [DOI: 10.1179/136485908x278766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Singh K, Badgaiyan N, Ranjan A, Dixit HO, Kaushik A, Kushwaha KP, Aguayo VM. Management of children with severe acute malnutrition: experience of Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers in Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian Pediatr 2013; 51:21-5. [PMID: 24277964 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of facility-based care for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers (NRC). DESIGN Review of data. SETTING 12 NRCs in Uttar Pradesh, India. PARTICIPANTS Children admitted to NRCs (Jan 1, 2010 - Dec 31, 2011). INTERVENTION Detection and treatment of SAM with locally-adapted protocols. OUTCOMES Survival, default, discharge, and recovery rates. RESULTS 54.6% of the total 1,229 children admitted were boys, 81.6% were in the age group 6-23 months old, 86% belonged to scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, or other backward castes, and 42% had edema or medical complications. Of the 1,181 program exits, 14 (1.2%) children died, 657 (47.2%) children defaulted, and 610 (51.7%) children were discharged The average (SD) weight gain was 12.1 (7.3)g/kg body weight/day and the average (SD) length of stay was 13.2 (5.6) days. 206 (46.8%) children were discharged after recovery (weight gain >15%) while 324 (53.2%) were discharged, non-recovered (weight gain <15%). CONCLUSIONS NRCs provide life-saving care for children with SAM; however, the protocols and therapeutic foods currently used need to be improved to ensure the full recovery of all children admitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Singh
- Child Nutrition and Development Programme, UNICEF, New Delhi; *Child Nutrition and Development Programme, UNICEF, Uttar Pradesh; #National Rural Health Mission, Uttar Pradesh; MLB Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, and BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh; India. Correspondence to: Dr. Karanveer Singh, UNICEF; 73, Lodi Estate, New Delhi, 110003, India.
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Amalou H, Ranjan A, Chow L, Negussie A, Xu S, Wood B. Conductive catheter inhibits bacterial colonization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ranjan A, Penninga E, Jelsig AM, Hasselbalch HC, Bjerrum OW. Inheritance of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. A systematic review. Clin Genet 2012; 83:99-107. [PMID: 23094849 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review investigated the inheritance of the classical chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Sixty-one articles were included and provided 135 families with a total of 341 participants distributed to various subtypes of MPN: 50% PV, 23% ET, 14% PMF, 10% CML and 3% non-MPN hematological disorder. Women developed the disease earlier than men (43.1 years vs 47.3 years; p = 0.074), while the general average age of onset was 46 years, notably younger than sporadic cases. The clinical phenotype of the families showed a homogenous (67%) and a heterogeneous (33%) pattern, with the majority being PV-PV pairs (36%) and PV-PMF pairs (17%), respectively. This observation suggests that the susceptibility gene (or genes) is not restricted to one subtype supporting the hypothesis of a mutation in an early multipotent stem cell. Furthermore, a major subgroup of families provided evidence of an autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance with reduced penetrance. This study suggests that the origin of MPNs may occur in at least three different settings: (i) a sporadic, (ii) genetic heterogeneity with polygenetic and environmental impact and (iii) a familial phenotype following an AD inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranjan
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dinesh DS, Kumar AJ, Kumar V, Ranjan A, Das P. Fecundity and life table of different morphotypes of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Parasit Dis 2012; 35:113-5. [PMID: 23024490 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-011-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale and Brunetti (Diptera: Psychodidae), the established vector for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) have shown some morphological variations in India and its subcontinents. The variable egg laying capacity was found in different morphotypes of P. argentipes with maximum in type III followed by type I and II. The fecundity was enhanced by providing 25% glucose soaked filter paper surface in all types. However, significant increase was found in type-I (P < 0.05). The differences in fecundity indicate the biological variations among P. argentipes population. The findings will be helpful in searching out the sibling species among P. argentipes population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Dinesh
- Division of Vector Biology and Control, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Agamkuan, Patna, 800 007 India
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Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal G, Patra R. L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle. Vet Q 2012; 32:145-50. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2012.734640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Singh M, Ranjan A, Rai KM, Singh SK, Kumar V, Trivedi I, Lodhi N, Sawant SV. Analysis of chromatin structure in plant cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 833:201-23. [PMID: 22183596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-477-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of evidence in the literature indicates that nucleosomes can act as barriers to transcriptional initiation. The nucleosome at the promoter inhibits association of transcription factors disallowing active transcription of the gene. We have found a nucleosome on tobacco pathogenesis-related gene-1a (PR-1a) core promoter and mapped its boundaries and extension to find its span. The nucleosome covers the TATA box and Inr region of the core promoter and gets disassembled upon induction. Prior to its removal, modifications (i.e., acetylation and methylation of histones) occur at the nucleosome, proving a role of epigenetic modifications in transcriptional regulation. We summarize here various methodologies to analyze promoter chromatin structure in plants using the PR-1a core promoter as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, UP, India
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Levy E, Jacobs G, Gacchina C, Woods D, Ranjan A, Sharma K, Bacher J, Thomas T, Lewis A, Dreher M, Wood B. Abstract No. 235: Oxygenation in hepatic VX2 tumors following transcatheter arterial embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.12.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Histone proteins are the major protein components of chromatin - the physiologically relevant form of the genome (or epigenome) in all eukaryotic cells. For many years, histones were considered passive structural components of eukaryotic chromatin. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that dynamic association of histones and their variants to the genome plays a very important role in gene regulation. Histones are extensively modified during posttranslation viz. acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, etc., and the identification of these covalent marks on canonical and variant histones is crucial for the understanding of their biological significance. Different biochemical techniques have been developed to purify and separate histone proteins; here, we describe techniques for analysis of histones from plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Trivedi
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, UP, India
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Nayak GC, Sahoo S, Das S, Karthikeyan G, Das CK, Saxena AK, Ranjan A. Compatibilization of polyetherimide/liquid crystalline polymer blend using modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyphosphazene as compatibilizers. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Das VNR, Siddiqui NA, Verma RB, Topno RK, Singh D, Das S, Ranjan A, Pandey K, Kumar N, Das P. Asymptomatic infection of visceral leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Vaishali district, Bihar, India: a challenge to kala-azar elimination programmes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2011; 105:661-6. [PMID: 21945327 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 91 asymptomatic individuals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were identified during base line screening using recombinant 39-aminoacid antigen (rk-39) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted from December 2005 to June 2006 involving 997 individuals of two highly endemic villages of Vaishali district, Bihar. The point prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 98 per 1000 persons at baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between rk-39 and PCR positivity rate (P>0.05), even though PCR positivity alone was found significantly higher (4.2%) than rk-39 positivity alone (2.6%). The monthly follow-up of the asymptomatic cohort revealed a disease conversion rate of 23.1 per 100 persons within a year. There was a statistically significant difference in conversion of disease when individuals were positive by both tests as compared to single tests by rk-39 and PCR (P<0.01). Disease conversion rate in the subjects residing in households with a history of VL (62%, 13/21) was higher than those residing in the households without a history of VL (38%, 8/21). Most of the identified asymptomatic individuals were from low socio-economic strata similar to that of VL cases in general. Apart from rk-39, PCR may be considered for screening of asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in large-scale epidemiological studies. Screening of asymptomatic cases and their close follow-up to ascertain early detection and treatment of VL may be considered in addition to the existing VL control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N R Das
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, ICMR, Agam-Kuan, Patna-800 007, Bihar, India.
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Chokshi S, Ranjan A, Benjamin CJ, Chung PH, Rastinehad A, Dreher MR, Wood BJ, Pinto PA. Comparison of low-temperature-sensitive liposome encapsulated docetaxel and doxorubicin in a murine model of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
31 Background: Low-temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSLs) release their encapsulated drug into targeted tissue when activated by a source of hyperthermia. The efficacy of an LTSL formulation of docetaxel (DOC) or doxorubicin (DOX) was compared against prostate cancer in a xenograft mouse model. Methods: Under an approved IACUC protocol, Luciferase transfected human prostate PC-3M-luciferase cells were inoculated (3x106 cells) subcutaneously in the right hind leg of 8 wk old female athymic nude mice. When tumors reached a volume of 200–300 mm3, mice were randomized to receive one intravenous injection of saline, Stealth liposomal DOX (5 mg/kg), LTSL DOX (5 mg/kg), or LTSL DOC (15 mg/kg), with or without hyperthermia treatment (LTSL DOX and LTSL DOC were supplied by Celsion Corp., Columbia MD). Mice undergoing hyperthermia treatment were anesthetized and stabilized in a holder that allowed for only the leg with tumor to be heated to 41–42°C that triggered LTSL drug release. Mice were monitored daily for tumor volume and body weight. Study end-points included growth of tumor to 5x the initial treatment volume or monitoring of survival for 60 days. Results: The LTSL DOC delayed tumor growth longer (> 14 days) than DOX (0 day) and LTSL DOX (1 day) with hyperthermia (P<0.05). Mice treated with LTSL DOC and hyperthermia survived longest (60 days) compared to all other mice (range 6–8 days, P<0.05). LTSL in the setting of hyperthermia demonstrated complete regression of tumor in 57% of mice. Conclusions: LTSL DOC with hyperthermia delayed tumor growth more than all other treatments. Survival studies suggest LTSL DOC is a more effective temperature sensitive delivery system against PC-3M prostate tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Chokshi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A. Ranjan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - C. J. Benjamin
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - P. H. Chung
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A. Rastinehad
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - M. R. Dreher
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - B. J. Wood
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - P. A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Liskovykh MA, Chuĭkin IA, Ranjan A, Safina DA, Tolkunova EN, Minina IM, Zhdanova NS, Dyban PA, Mullins J, Kostyleva EI, Chikhirzhina EV, Bader M, Alenina N, Tomilin AN. [Generation of rat induced pluripotent stem cells: the analysis of reprogramming and culturing media]. Tsitologiia 2011; 53:939-945. [PMID: 22359952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The rat represents very important, superior in many respects to the mous, animal model for studying pharmacology, physiology, ageing, cardiovascular etc. However, numerous attempts to derive rat ES cells necessary to carry out loss-of-gene-function studies have not been successful thus far. Therefore rat induct pluripotent stem cells (or riPS) should provide a notable alternative to ES cell, allowing to study gene functions in this valuable animal model. Here we report an improved lentivirus-based riPS derivation protocol that makes use of small inhibitors of MEK and GSK3. We show that the excision of proviruses does not affect neither karyotype and pluripotency state of these cells. Also, we propose genetic tool for an improvement of the quality of riPS cells in culture. These data may prompt further iPS-based gene targeting in rat as well as the development iPS-based gene therapies, using this animal model.
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Liskovykh MA, Chuĭkin IA, Ranjan A, Popova E, Tolkunova EN, Chechik LL, Malinin AI, Morozova AV, Mosienko V, Bader M, alenina N, Tomilin AN. [Genetic manipulation and studying of differentiation properties of rat induced pluripotent stem cells]. Tsitologiia 2011; 53:946-951. [PMID: 22359953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from somatic cells reprogrammed to the pluripotent state by the induced expression of defined transcription factors, achieved for the first time by the seminal work of Takahashi and Yamanaka. This new type of pluripotent cells has offered new exciting options in regenerative medicine allowing the replacement of cells and organs with the patient's own cells thereby avoiding immunological complications. In order to develop such technologies in approved animal models, iPS cells were also generated from rodents. Of course, the most important model for studying of different diseases is rat. In this study, we present a method suitable for rat iPS cells genetic modification by stable transfection and show necessary conditions for the first stages of direct differentiation.
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Upadhyay SK, Mishra M, Singh H, Ranjan A, Chandrashekar K, Verma PC, Singh PK, Tuli R. Interaction of Allium sativum leaf agglutinin with midgut brush border membrane vesicles proteins and its stability in Helicoverpa armigera. Proteomics 2010; 10:4431-40. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bose S, Das CK, Saxena AK, Ranjan A. Compatibilizing effect of functionalized polyphosphazene on the properties of poly(phenylene oxide)/vectra a blend system. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Muley V, Ranjan A. Reconstruction of a genome-wide protein–protein functional linkage map: a computational approach to study cellular physiology. N Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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