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Arrigoni R, Huang D, Berumen ML, Budd AF, Montano S, Richards ZT, Terraneo TI, Benzoni F. Integrative systematics of the scleractinian coral genera
Caulastraea
,
Erythrastrea
and
Oulophyllia. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM) Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli Italy
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Reef Ecology Laboratory Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT) University of Milano − Bicocca Milano Italy
- Marine Research and High Education Center Magoodhoo Island Faafu Atoll Maldives
| | - Zoe T. Richards
- Coral Conservation and Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA Australia
| | - Tullia I. Terraneo
- Habitat and Benthic Biodiversity Laboratory Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Habitat and Benthic Biodiversity Laboratory Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
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Reuter M, Bosellini FR, Budd AF, Ćorić S, Piller WE, Harzhauser M. High coral reef connectivity across the Indian Ocean is revealed 6-7 Ma ago by a turbid-water scleractinian assemblage from Tanzania (Eastern Africa). Coral Reefs 2019; 38:1023-1037. [PMID: 31632191 PMCID: PMC6775041 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-019-01830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present centre of coral diversity in the Western Indian Ocean is defined by the northern Mozambique Channel with an extension northward to Mafia Island in Tanzania (Eastern Africa). The geological and evolutionary history of this hotspot of marine biodiversity remains so far completely obscure, because Cenozoic fossil reef communities of this area are not well known. This study presents a new fossil scleractinian fauna from the Mikindani Formation in southern Tanzania. It comprises 16 symbiotic coral taxa of which nine could be identified to the species and five to the genus level. Coral habitat consisted of low-relief biostromes that developed in shallow water at the front of the Rovuma Delta under conditions of variable sediment input. The biostromes are dated to be Messinian based on associated calcareous nannoplankton and planktic foraminifers. The studied coral assemblage shows close affinities with the Recent Western Indian Ocean biogeographic province and Central Indo-West Pacific biogeographic region as well as with the Miocene of Indonesia. Faunistic relations with the Oligocene-early Miocene of Somalia and Iran do not exist. The patterns of species distribution document a major palaeobiogeographic change in the Indian Ocean that correlates with the onset of the Miocene Indian Ocean Equatorial Jet during the middle Miocene. The clear Indonesian affinity of the Messinian coral fauna from southern Tanzania implies that this westerly oceanic surface current provided high biogeographic connectivity across the Indian Ocean during the late Miocene. Today, the coastal waters of Indonesia are located in the Coral Triangle. Diversification of this global epicentre of marine biodiversity started in the early Miocene and it was established already during the middle Miocene. Our results indicate that the East African hotspot of coral biodiversity originated as an offshoot of the Coral Triangle in the middle to late Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reuter
- Institute of Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesca R. Bosellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, 1A 52242 USA
| | - Stjepan Ćorić
- Geological Survey of Austria, Neulinggasse 38, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner E. Piller
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Geocenter, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Harzhauser
- Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Prada C, Hanna B, Budd AF, Woodley CM, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Iglesias-Prieto R, Pandolfi JM, Levitan D, Johnson KG, Knowlton N, Kitano H, DeGiorgio M, Medina M. Empty Niches after Extinctions Increase Population Sizes of Modern Corals. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3190-3194. [PMID: 27866895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Large environmental fluctuations often cause mass extinctions, extirpating species and transforming communities [1, 2]. While the effects on community structure are evident in the fossil record, demographic consequences for populations of individual species are harder to evaluate because fossils reveal relative, but not absolute, abundances. However, genomic analyses of living species that have survived a mass extinction event offer the potential for understanding the demographic effects of such environmental fluctuations on extant species. Here, we show how environmental variation since the Pliocene has shaped demographic changes in extant corals of the genus Orbicella, major extant reef builders in the Caribbean that today are endangered. We use genomic approaches to estimate previously unknown current and past population sizes over the last 3 million years. Populations of all three Orbicella declined around 2-1 million years ago, coincident with the extinction of at least 50% of Caribbean coral species. The estimated changes in population size are consistent across the three species despite their ecological differences. Subsequently, two shallow-water specialists expanded their population sizes at least 2-fold, over a time that overlaps with the disappearance of their sister competitor species O. nancyi (the organ-pipe Orbicella). Our study suggests that populations of Orbicella species are capable of rebounding from reductions in population size under suitable conditions and that the effective population size of modern corals provides rich standing genetic variation for corals to adapt to climate change. For conservation genetics, our study suggests the need to evaluate genetic variation under appropriate demographic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Prada
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521, USA.
| | - Bishoy Hanna
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ann F Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cheryl M Woodley
- CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Laboratory, NCCOS, National Ocean Service, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way Northwest, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Roberto Iglesias-Prieto
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Prol. Av. Niños Héroes, Puerto Morelos C.P. 77580, Q. Roo, Cancún, Mexico
| | - John M Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Don Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kenneth G Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10(th) and Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- The Systems Biology Institute, Falcon Building 5F, Shirokanedai, Minato, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Michael DeGiorgio
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, State College, PA 16802, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10(th) and Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521, USA.
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4
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Huang D, Arrigoni R, Benzoni F, Fukami H, Knowlton N, Smith ND, Stolarski J, Chou LM, Budd AF. Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- Red Sea Research Center; Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Hironobu Fukami
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC 20013 USA
| | - Nathan D. Smith
- The Dinosaur Institute; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA
| | - Jarosław Stolarski
- Institute of Paleobiology; Polish Academy of Sciences; Twarda 51/55 PL-00-818 Warsaw Poland
| | - Loke Ming Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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Arrigoni R, Benzoni F, Huang D, Fukami H, Chen CA, Berumen ML, Hoogenboom M, Thomson DP, Hoeksema BW, Budd AF, Zayasu Y, Terraneo TI, Kitano YF, Baird AH. When forms meet genes: revision of the scleractinian genera Micromussa and Homophyllia (Lobophylliidae) with a description of two new species and one new genus. CTOZ 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/18759866-08504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The scleractinian family Lobophylliidae is undergoing a major taxonomic revision thanks to the combination of molecular and morphological data. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary relationships and the macro- and micromorphology of six nominal coral species belonging to two of the nine molecular clades of the Lobophylliidae, clades A and B, and of Symphyllia wilsoni, a lobophylliid species analyzed from a molecular point of view for the first time. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA (COI and the intergenic spacer between COI and l-rRNA), and nuclear DNA (histone H3 and ITS region) are used to generate robust molecular phylogenies and a median-joining haplotype network. Molecular results are strongly in agreement with detailed observations of gross- and fine-scale morphology of skeletons, leading to the formal revision of the genera Micromussa and Homophyllia and the description of two newly discovered zooxanthellate shallow-water species, Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni and Micromussa indiana sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni, and a new genus, Australophyllia gen. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni. In particular, Acanthastrea lordhowensis and Montastraea multipunctata are moved into Micromussa, A. hillae is synonymized with A. bowerbanki and is transferred to Homophyllia, and a revised diagnosis for both genera is provided. Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. is described from the Gambier Islands with its distribution spanning New Caledonia and eastern Australia. Despite a superficial resemblance with Homophyllia australis, it has distinctive macroand micromorphological septal features. Micromussa indiana sp. nov., previously identified as M. amakusensis, is here described from the Gulf of Aden and the southern Red Sea as a distinct species that is genetically separated from M. amakusensis and is morphologically distinct from the latter due to its smaller corallite size and lower number of septa. Finally, molecular trees show that S. wilsoni is closely related, but molecularly separated from clades A and B, and, also based on a unique combination of corallite and sub-corallite characters, the species is moved into Australophyllia gen. nov. These findings confirm the need for using both genetic and morphological datasets for the ongoing taxonomic revision of
scleractinian corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- 1 Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- 2 Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences University of Milano – Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- 2 Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences University of Milano – Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
- 3 UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS), Laboratoire d’excellence-CORAIL, centre IRD de Nouméa, New Caledonia 101 Promenade Roger Laroque BP A5, 98848 Noumea Cedex New Caledonia
- 15 E-mail:
| | - Danwei Huang
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
- 5 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Hironobu Fukami
- 6 Faculty of Agriculture University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- 7 Biodiversity Research Centre Academia Sinica Nangang Taipei 115 Taiwan
- 8 Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- 1 Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mia Hoogenboom
- 9 College of Marine and Environmental Science and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - Bert W. Hoeksema
- 11 Naturalis Biodiversity Center PO Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ann F. Budd
- 5 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Yuna Zayasu
- 12 Marine Genomics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Tullia I. Terraneo
- 1 Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuko F. Kitano
- 13 Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track University of Miyazaki 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- 14 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
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6
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O’Dea A, Lessios HA, Coates AG, Eytan RI, Restrepo-Moreno SA, Cione AL, Collins LS, de Queiroz A, Farris DW, Norris RD, Stallard RF, Woodburne MO, Aguilera O, Aubry MP, Berggren WA, Budd AF, Cozzuol MA, Coppard SE, Duque-Caro H, Finnegan S, Gasparini GM, Grossman EL, Johnson KG, Keigwin LD, Knowlton N, Leigh EG, Leonard-Pingel JS, Marko PB, Pyenson ND, Rachello-Dolmen PG, Soibelzon E, Soibelzon L, Todd JA, Vermeij GJ, Jackson JBC. Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600883. [PMID: 27540590 PMCID: PMC4988774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environmental, ecological, and evolutionary change across the Americas. To bring clarity to the question of when the Isthmus of Panama formed, we provide an exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records. These independent lines of evidence converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma. The evidence used to support an older isthmus is inconclusive, and we caution against the uncritical acceptance of an isthmus before the Pliocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron O’Dea
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Harilaos A. Lessios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Anthony G. Coates
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Ron I. Eytan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno
- Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alberto L. Cione
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurel S. Collins
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Earth and Environment, and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alan de Queiroz
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557–0314, USA
| | - David W. Farris
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Robert F. Stallard
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street (Suite E127), Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Michael O. Woodburne
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Orangel Aguilera
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Campus do Valonguinho, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n°, cep. 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Aubry
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - William A. Berggren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8066, USA
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mario A. Cozzuol
- Laboratório de Paleozoologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, cep. 31270 010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simon E. Coppard
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, NY 13323, USA
| | - Herman Duque-Caro
- Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Seth Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Science Building #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Germán M. Gasparini
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethan L. Grossman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Nancy Knowlton
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Egbert G. Leigh
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Jill S. Leonard-Pingel
- Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, 204 West Washington Street, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Peter B. Marko
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Paola G. Rachello-Dolmen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Esteban Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, B1900FWA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan A. Todd
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Geerat J. Vermeij
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jeremy B. C. Jackson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093–0244, USA
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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7
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Cordie DR, Budd AF. Histological data in a combined phylogenetic analysis of scleractinian reef corals. J Morphol 2016; 277:494-511. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Cordie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa 52242
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa 52242
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8
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Edmunds PJ, Adjeroud M, Baskett ML, Baums IB, Budd AF, Carpenter RC, Fabina NS, Fan TY, Franklin EC, Gross K, Han X, Jacobson L, Klaus JS, McClanahan TR, O'Leary JK, van Oppen MJH, Pochon X, Putnam HM, Smith TB, Stat M, Sweatman H, van Woesik R, Gates RD. Persistence and change in community composition of reef corals through present, past, and future climates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107525. [PMID: 25272143 PMCID: PMC4182679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction in coral cover on many contemporary tropical reefs suggests a different set of coral community assemblages will dominate future reefs. To evaluate the capacity of reef corals to persist over various time scales, we examined coral community dynamics in contemporary, fossil, and simulated future coral reef ecosystems. Based on studies between 1987 and 2012 at two locations in the Caribbean, and between 1981 and 2013 at five locations in the Indo-Pacific, we show that many coral genera declined in abundance, some showed no change in abundance, and a few coral genera increased in abundance. Whether the abundance of a genus declined, increased, or was conserved, was independent of coral family. An analysis of fossil-reef communities in the Caribbean revealed changes in numerical dominance and relative abundances of coral genera, and demonstrated that neither dominance nor taxon was associated with persistence. As coral family was a poor predictor of performance on contemporary reefs, a trait-based, dynamic, multi-patch model was developed to explore the phenotypic basis of ecological performance in a warmer future. Sensitivity analyses revealed that upon exposure to thermal stress, thermal tolerance, growth rate, and longevity were the most important predictors of coral persistence. Together, our results underscore the high variation in the rates and direction of change in coral abundances on contemporary and fossil reefs. Given this variation, it remains possible that coral reefs will be populated by a subset of the present coral fauna in a future that is warmer than the recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Edmunds
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Recherche CoReUs, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan, France
| | - Marissa L. Baskett
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Iliana B. Baums
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Carpenter
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Fabina
- Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tung-Yung Fan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Erik C. Franklin
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Kevin Gross
- Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xueying Han
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Coastal Research Center, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Lianne Jacobson
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - James S. Klaus
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tim R. McClanahan
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. O'Leary
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Tyler B. Smith
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, United States of America
| | - Michael Stat
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert van Woesik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruth D. Gates
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States of America
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Huang D, Benzoni F, Arrigoni R, Baird AH, Berumen ML, Bouwmeester J, Chou LM, Fukami H, Licuanan WY, Lovell ER, Meier R, Todd PA, Budd AF. Towards a phylogenetic classification of reef corals: the Indo-Pacific generaMerulina,GoniastreaandScapophyllia(Scleractinia, Merulinidae). ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Andrew H. Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Jeddah 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica Bouwmeester
- Red Sea Research Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal Jeddah 23955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Loke Ming Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Hironobu Fukami
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Wilfredo Y. Licuanan
- Br. Alfred Shields FSC Ocean Research Center and Biology Department; De La Salle University; Manila 1004 The Philippines
| | - Edward R. Lovell
- School of Marine Studies; University of the South Pacific; Laucala Campus Suva Fiji
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Peter A. Todd
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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Huang D, Benzoni F, Fukami H, Knowlton N, Smith ND, Budd AF. Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Hironobu Fukami
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science; University of Miyazaki; Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Nathan D. Smith
- Department of Biology; Howard University; Washington, DC 20059 USA
- Department of Paleobiology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC 20013 USA
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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11
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Schwartz SA, Budd AF, Carlon DB. Molecules and fossils reveal punctuated diversification in Caribbean "faviid" corals. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:123. [PMID: 22831179 PMCID: PMC3424149 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even with well-known sampling biases, the fossil record is key to understanding macro-evolutionary patterns. During the Miocene to Pleistocene in the Caribbean Sea, the fossil record of scleractinian corals shows a remarkable period of rapid diversification followed by massive extinction. Here we combine a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny based on three nuclear introns with an updated fossil stratigraphy to examine patterns of radiation and extinction in Caribbean corals within the traditional family Faviidae. Results Concatenated phylogenetic analysis showed most species of Caribbean faviids were monophyletic, with the exception of two Manicina species. The time-calibrated tree revealed the stem group originated around the closure of the Tethys Sea (17.0 Ma), while the genus Manicina diversified during the Late Miocene (8.20 Ma), when increased sedimentation and productivity may have favored free-living, heterotrophic species. Reef and shallow water specialists, represented by Diploria and Favia, originate at the beginning of the Pliocene (5 – 6 Ma) as the Isthmus of Panama shoaled and regional productivity declined. Conclusions Later origination of the stem group than predicted from the fossil record corroborates the hypothesis of morphological convergence in Diploria and Favia genera. Our data support the rapid evolution of morphological and life-history traits among faviid corals that can be linked to Mio-Pliocene environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja A Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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12
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van Woesik R, Franklin EC, O'Leary J, McClanahan TR, Klaus JS, Budd AF. Hosts of the Plio-Pleistocene past reflect modern-day coral vulnerability. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:2448-56. [PMID: 22337694 PMCID: PMC3350676 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of global extinction of reef-building coral species is increasing. We evaluated extinction risk using a biological trait-based resiliency index that was compared with Caribbean extinction during the Plio-Pleistocene, and with extinction risk determined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Through the Plio-Pleistocene, the Caribbean supported more diverse coral assemblages than today and shared considerable overlap with contemporary Indo-Pacific reefs. A clear association was found between extant Plio-Pleistocene coral genera and our positive resilience scores. Regional extinction in the past and vulnerability in the present suggests that Pocillopora, Stylophora and foliose Pavona are among the most susceptible taxa to local and regional isolation. These same taxa were among the most abundant corals in the Caribbean Pliocene. Therefore, a widespread distribution did not equate with immunity to regional extinction. The strong relationship between past and present vulnerability suggests that regional extinction events are trait-based and not merely random episodes. We found several inconsistencies between our data and the IUCN scores, which suggest a need to critically re-examine what constitutes coral vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van Woesik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
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Carlon DB, Budd AF, Lippé C, Andrew RL. The quantitative genetics of incipient speciation: heritability and genetic correlations of skeletal traits in populations of diverging Favia fragum ecomorphs. Evolution 2011; 65:3428-47. [PMID: 22133216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent speciation events provide potential opportunities to understand the microevolution of reproductive isolation. We used a marker-based approach and a common garden to estimate the additive genetic variation in skeletal traits in a system of two ecomorphs within the coral species Favia fragum: a Tall ecomorph that is a seagrass specialist, and a Short ecomorph that is most abundant on coral reefs. Considering both ecomorphs, we found significant narrow-sense heritability (h(2) ) in a suite of measurements that define corallite architecture, and could partition additive and nonadditive variation for some traits. We found positive genetic correlations for homologous height and length measurements among different types of vertical plates (costosepta) within corallites, but negative correlations between height and length within, as well as between costosepta. Within ecomorphs, h(2) estimates were generally lower, compared to the combined ecomorph analysis. Marker-based estimates of h(2) were comparable to broad-sense heritability (H) obtained from parent-offspring regressions in a common garden for most traits, and similar genetic co-variance matrices for common garden and wild populations may indicate relatively small G × E interactions. The patterns of additive genetic variation in this system invite hypotheses of divergent selection or genetic drift as potential evolutionary drivers of reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Carlon
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Budd AF, Nunes FLD, Weil E, Pandolfi JM. Polymorphism in a common Atlantic reef coral (Montastraea cavernosa) and its long-term evolutionary implications. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Budd AF, Stolarski J. Corallite wall and septal microstructure in scleractinian reef corals: comparison of molecular clades within the family Faviidae. J Morphol 2010; 272:66-88. [PMID: 21061280 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent molecular phylogenies conflict with traditional scleractinian classification at ranks ranging from suborder to genus, challenging morphologists to discover new characters that better agree with molecular data. Such characters are essential for including fossils in analyses and tracing evolutionary patterns through geologic time. We examine the skeletal morphology of 36 species belonging to the traditional families Faviidae, Merulinidae, Pectiniidae, and Trachyphylliidae (3 Atlantic, 14 Indo-Pacific, 2 cosmopolitan genera) at the macromorphological, micromorphological, and microstructural levels. Molecular analyses indicate that the families are not monophyletic groups, but consist of six family-level clades, four of which are examined [clade XV = Diploastrea heliopora; clade XVI = Montastraea cavernosa; clade XVII ("Pacific faviids") = Pacific faviids (part) + merulinids (part) + pectiniids (part) + M. annularis complex; clade XXI ("Atlantic faviids") = Atlantic faviids (part) + Atlantic mussids]. Comparisons among molecular clades indicate that micromorphological and microstructural characters (singly and in combination) are clade diagnostic, but with two exceptions, macromorphologic characters are not. The septal teeth of "Atlantic faviids" are paddle-shaped (strong secondary calcification axes) or blocky, whereas the septal teeth of "Pacific faviids" are spine-shaped or multidirectional. Corallite walls in "Atlantic faviids" are usually septothecal, with occasional trabeculothecal elements; whereas corallite walls in "Pacific faviids" are usually trabeculothecal or parathecal or they contain abortive septa. Exceptions include subclades of "Pacific faviids" consisting of a) Caulastraea and Oulophyllia (strong secondary axes) and b) Cyphastrea (septothecal walls). Diploastrea has a diagnostic synapticulothecal wall and thick triangular teeth; Montastraea cavernosa is also distinct, possessing both "Pacific faviid" (abortive septa) and "Atlantic faviid" (paddle-shaped teeth) attributes. The development of secondary axes is similar in traditional Atlantic faviids and mussids, supporting molecular results placing them in the same clade. Subclades of "Pacific faviids" reveal differences in wall structure and the arrangement and distinctiveness of centers of rapid accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Budd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Abstract
Conservation priorities are calculated on the basis of species richness, endemism, and threats. However, areas ranked highly for these factors may not represent regions of maximal evolutionary potential. The relationship between geography and evolutionary innovation was analyzed in a dominant complex of Caribbean reef corals, in which morphological and genetic data concur on species differences. Based on geometric morphometrics of Pleistocene corals and genetically characterized modern colonies, we found that morphological disparity varies from the center to the edge of the Caribbean, and we show that lineages are static at well-connected central locations but split or fuse in edge zones where gene flow is limited. Thus, conservation efforts in corals should focus not only on the centers of diversity but also on peripheral areas of species ranges and population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Budd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Budd AF, Romano SL, Smith ND, Barbeitos MS. Rethinking the Phylogeny of Scleractinian Corals: A Review of Morphological and Molecular Data. Integr Comp Biol 2010; 50:411-27. [PMID: 21558212 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Budd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Budd AF, Stolarski J. Searching for new morphological characters in the systematics of scleractinian reef corals: comparison of septal teeth and granules between Atlantic and Pacific Mussidae. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fukami H, Chen CA, Budd AF, Collins A, Wallace C, Chuang YY, Chen C, Dai CF, Iwao K, Sheppard C, Knowlton N. Mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggest that stony corals are monophyletic but most families of stony corals are not (Order Scleractinia, Class Anthozoa, Phylum Cnidaria). PLoS One 2008; 3:e3222. [PMID: 18795098 PMCID: PMC2528942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern hard corals (Class Hexacorallia; Order Scleractinia) are widely studied because of their fundamental role in reef building and their superb fossil record extending back to the Triassic. Nevertheless, interpretations of their evolutionary relationships have been in flux for over a decade. Recent analyses undermine the legitimacy of traditional suborders, families and genera, and suggest that a non-skeletal sister clade (Order Corallimorpharia) might be imbedded within the stony corals. However, these studies either sampled a relatively limited array of taxa or assembled trees from heterogeneous data sets. Here we provide a more comprehensive analysis of Scleractinia (127 species, 75 genera, 17 families) and various outgroups, based on two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b), with analyses of nuclear genes (ß-tubulin, ribosomal DNA) of a subset of taxa to test unexpected relationships. Eleven of 16 families were found to be polyphyletic. Strikingly, over one third of all families as conventionally defined contain representatives from the highly divergent “robust” and “complex” clades. However, the recent suggestion that corallimorpharians are true corals that have lost their skeletons was not upheld. Relationships were supported not only by mitochondrial and nuclear genes, but also often by morphological characters which had been ignored or never noted previously. The concordance of molecular characters and more carefully examined morphological characters suggests a future of greater taxonomic stability, as well as the potential to trace the evolutionary history of this ecologically important group using fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Fukami
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Shirahama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chaolun Allen Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann F. Budd
- Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Allen Collins
- National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 153, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | | | - Yao-Yang Chuang
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chienhsun Chen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Iwao
- Akajima Marine Science Laboratory, Zamami-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Charles Sheppard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 163, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The relationship between natural variations in coral species diversity, reef development, and ecosystem function on coral reefs is poorly understood. Recent coral diversity varies 10-fold among geographic regions, but rates of reef growth are broadly similar, suggesting that diversity is unimportant for reef development. Differences in diversity may reflect regional differences in long-term biotic history in addition to environmental conditions. Using a combination of new and published fossil and stratigraphic data, we compared changes in coral diversity and reef development within the tropical western Atlantic over the past 28 million years. Reef development was unrelated to coral diversity, and the largest reef tracts formed after extinction had reduced diversity by 50%. High diversity is thus not essential for the growth and persistence of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Johnson
- Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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21
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Fukami H, Budd AF, Levitan DR, Jara J, Kersanach R, Knowlton N. GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN SPECIES BOUNDARIES AMONG MEMBERS OF THE MONTASTRAEA ANNULARIS COMPLEX BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS. Evolution 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fukami H, Budd AF, Paulay G, Solé-Cava A, Allen Chen C, Iwao K, Knowlton N. Conventional taxonomy obscures deep divergence between Pacific and Atlantic corals. Nature 2004; 427:832-5. [PMID: 14985760 DOI: 10.1038/nature02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Only 17% of 111 reef-building coral genera and none of the 18 coral families with reef-builders are considered endemic to the Atlantic, whereas the corresponding percentages for the Indo-west Pacific are 76% and 39%. These figures depend on the assumption that genera and families spanning the two provinces belong to the same lineages (that is, they are monophyletic). Here we show that this assumption is incorrect on the basis of analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Pervasive morphological convergence at the family level has obscured the evolutionary distinctiveness of Atlantic corals. Some Atlantic genera conventionally assigned to different families are more closely related to each other than they are to their respective Pacific 'congeners'. Nine of the 27 genera of reef-building Atlantic corals belong to this previously unrecognized lineage, which probably diverged over 34 million years ago. Although Pacific reefs have larger numbers of more narrowly distributed species, and therefore rank higher in biodiversity hotspot analyses, the deep evolutionary distinctiveness of many Atlantic corals should also be considered when setting conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Fukami
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Marine Laboratory, Box 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama
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Fukami H, Budd AF, Levitan DR, Jara J, Kersanach R, Knowlton N. Geographic differences in species boundaries among members of the Montastraea annularis complex based on molecular and morphological markers. Evolution 2004; 58:324-37. [PMID: 15068349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The three members of the Montastraea annularis complex (M. annularis, M. franksi, and M. faveolata) are dominant reef builders in the western Atlantic whose species status has been controversial for over a decade. Although differences in colony morphology and reproductive characteristics exist, interspecific fertilizations are possible in the laboratory and genetic differentiation is slight. Here we compare the three taxa genetically and morphologically in Panama and the Bahamas, widely separated locations spanning most of their geographic ranges. In Panama, analyses of three AFLP loci, a noncoding region of the mitochondrial genome, and ITS sequences reveal that M. faveolata is strongly differentiated genetically. Discriminant function analysis also indicates no overlap with the other two species in the fine structure of the corallites that comprise the colony. Genetic analyses of larvae from interspecific crosses between M. faveolata and the other two taxa confirmed the hybrid status of the larvae, but no examples of the most probable F1 genotype were observed in the field. Although M. annularis and M. franksi were more similar, they also exhibited strong frequency differences at two AFLP loci and in the mitochondrial noncoding region, as well as distinct corallite structure. In the Bahamas, in contrast, the three taxa exhibited overlapping morphologies. Montastraeafranksi and M. annularis were indistinguishable genetically, and M. faveolata was distinct at fewer genetic loci. Once again, however, the most probable F1 genotype involving M. faveolata was not observed. Geographic differences between Panama and the Bahamas explain why past studies have come to different conclusions concerning the status of the three species. In general, the genetic and morphological data suggest a north to south hybridization gradient, with evidence for introgression strongest in the north. However, reproductive data show no such trend, with intrinsic barriers to gene flow comparable or stronger in the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Fukami
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Marine Laboratory, Box 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama
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25
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Fukami H, Budd AF, Levitan DR, Jara J, Kersanach R, Knowlton N. GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN SPECIES BOUNDARIES AMONG MEMBERS OF THE MONTASTRAEA ANNULARIS COMPLEX BASED ON MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS. Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/03-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
A few marine cases have demonstrated morphological and genetic divergence in the absence of spatial barriers to gene flow, suggesting that the initial phase of speciation is possible without geographic isolation. In the Bocas del Toro Archipelago of the Atlantic Coast of Panama, we found two morphotypes of the scleractinian coral Favia fragum with opposing depth distributions. One morphotype fit the classical description of F. fragum and was most abundant at 3 m depth. A second morphotype was distinguished by raised corallites and was restricted to < or = 1 m depth. The two morphotypes overlapped in distribution at 1 m depth. Multivariate analysis of polyp-level characters (shape and distribution of septa within corallites) divided samples into two groups corresponding to initial qualitative observations of colony shape and corallite relief. To determine whether reduced gene flow maintains morphological variation, we measured the frequencies of alleles at five allozyme loci in both morphotypes at three sites 1-2 km distant. While there were significant differences in allele frequencies between morphotypes within sites, there were also frequency differences among sites at most loci, with the exception of nearly fixed alleles at the PGM locus. Extremely low heterozygosity permitted us to use haplotypes to compare genetic distance between morphotypes and among sites. Comparisons between haplotype data and a null model assuming gene flow between morphotypes showed that the two morphotypes shared significantly fewer haplotypes than expected, and average genetic distance between morphotypes was significantly greater than expected. Partitioning haplotype variation with analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that 35% of the variation was explained by morphotype, whereas 28% of the variation was explained by site. Two PGM heterozygotes and several individuals homozygous for rare PGM alleles are consistent with hybridization, and perhaps introgression by selfing within morphotypes. We consider three hypotheses for this morphological and genetic divergence in F. fragum: (1) intraspecific polymorphism, (2) incipient species, (3) biological species; and discuss the role of reproductive characters in a divergence-with-gene flow mechanism of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Carlon
- Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, P. O. Box 5069, Avalon, California 90704, USA.
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Abstract
The Pleistocene extinction of the widespread organ-pipe Montastraea coral had measurable morphological and ecological effects on surviving lineages of the Montastraea "annularis" species complex. Extinction of the organ-pipe Montastraea occurred after more than 500,000 years of dominance in the shallow-water reef habitat of Barbados. Extinction resulted in a morphological shift of the columnar Montastraea lineage from thick to thin columns in modern reef environments. Pleistocene colonies of the columnar morphotype sympatric with organ-pipe Montastraea showed greater column widths than those in allopatry. We subjected our data to a number of criteria for interpreting the morphological shift as character release following lifting of competitive pressure after extinction. The morphological differences do not appear to be due either to chance or to physical properties of the marine environment. Differential local extinction and recolonization of four members of the species complex did not occur on Barbados, so that the species coexisted and appear to have coevolved between more than 600,000 and 82,000 years ago. The morphological shift is related to coral growth form and growth rate, and thus reflects the acquisition of a primary resource in corals--light. Character release occurred at the same oceanic Caribbean island (Barbados) where environments have fluctuated with similar variance throughout the period of coexistence. Not only has competition among living members of the Montastraea "annularis" species complex been convincingly demonstrated, but trends in relative abundance among fossil members of the species complex strongly suggest that a competitive hierarchy was operating during their Pleistocene coexistence on Barbados. We also observed an ecological analogue to character release on another Caribbean island. Curaçao. The distribution and abundance of living columnar M. annularis s.s. and massive M. faveolata from the leeward reef crest in Curaçao is greater now than in the Pleistocene, when organ-pipe Montastraea dominated this shallow-water reef habitat. Extinction of the faster growing, shallow-water organ-pipe Montastraea resulted in higher abundance of the columnar Montastraea lineage in shallow-water habitats, where it shifted its morphology to one adapted to high light levels. The species extinction released surviving lineages from a competitive network that had resulted in lower rank abundance in the Pleistocene community and enhanced abundance of both columnar M. annularis s.s. and M. faveolata in modern communities. Full validation of our interpretation of character release must await experiments that demonstrate whether phenotypic differences between populations have a genetic basis. However, we believe the results of this study point to the important, yet heretofore neglected, role that biological interactions have played in the evolution of closely related reef coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Pandolfi
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0121, USA.
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Abstract
Oceanographic changes caused by the emerging Central American isthmus, which completely severed connections between the Caribbean Sea and tropical Pacific Ocean about 3.5 million years ago, began to stimulate evolution of Caribbean reef corals and benthic foraminifera in the Late Miocene. At that time, first appearances of benthic foraminifera increased, especially those species strongly associated with carbonate-rich substrata; reef corals diversified dramatically; and the carbonate content of southern Caribbean deep-sea sediments increased. We suggest that the changes in marine environments caused by the constricting seaway and resulting in increasing carbonate content of sediments induced accelerated origination in reef corals and carbonate-associated benthic foraminifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Collins
- Department of Geology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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