1
|
Hentzien M, Bonnet F, Bernasconi E, Biver E, Braun DL, Munting A, Leuzinger K, Leleux O, Musardo S, Prendki V, Schmid P, Staehelin C, Stoeckle M, Walti CS, Wittkop L, Appay V, Didierlaurent AM, Calmy A. Immune response to the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine in people living with HIV over 50 years of age compared to non-HIV age-/gender-matched controls (SHINGR'HIV): a multicenter, international, non-randomized clinical trial study protocol. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:329. [PMID: 38504173 PMCID: PMC10949601 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of herpes zoster (shingles) virus and associated complications, such as post-herpetic neuralgia, is higher in older adults and has a significant impact on quality of life. The incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to an age-matched general population, including PLWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) with no detectable viremia and normal CD4 counts. PLWH - even on effective ART may- exhibit sustained immune dysfunction, as well as defects in cells involved in the response to vaccines. In the context of herpes zoster, it is therefore important to assess the immune response to varicella zoster virus vaccination in older PLWH and to determine whether it significantly differs to that of HIV-uninfected healthy adults or younger PLWH. We aim at bridging these knowledge gaps by conducting a multicentric, international, non-randomised clinical study (SHINGR'HIV) with prospective data collection after vaccination with an adjuvant recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in two distinct populations: in PLWH on long-term ART (> 10 years) over 50 years of and age/gender matched controls. METHODS We will recruit participants from two large established HIV cohorts in Switzerland and in France in addition to age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Participants will receive two doses of RZV two months apart. In depth-evaluation of the humoral, cellular, and innate immune responses and safety profile of the RZV will be performed to address the combined effect of aging and potential immune deficiencies due to chronic HIV infection. The primary study outcome will compare the geometric mean titer (GMT) of gE-specific total IgG measured 1 month after the second dose of RZV between different age groups of PLWH and between PLWH and age-/gender-matched HIV-uninfected controls. DISCUSSION The SHINGR'HIV trial will provide robust data on the immunogenicity and safety profile of RZV in older PLWH to support vaccination guidelines in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05575830. Registered on 12 October 2022. Eu Clinical Trial Register (EUCT number 2023-504482-23-00).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hentzien
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique L Braun
- Division Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Munting
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier Leleux
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Stefano Musardo
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Prendki
- Division of Infectious Disease, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schmid
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Staehelin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stoeckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla S Walti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linda Wittkop
- CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Saint-André, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'information médicale, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, CIC-EC 1401, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
- Inria équipe SISTM team, Talence, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Center of Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martinez-Murillo PA, Huttner A, Lemeille S, Medaglini D, Ottenhoff THM, Harandi AM, Didierlaurent AM, Siegrist CA. Refined innate plasma signature after rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP immunization is shared among adult cohorts in Europe and North America. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1279003. [PMID: 38235127 PMCID: PMC10791923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade Ebola virus has caused several outbreaks in Africa. The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Zaire Ebola (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine has proved safe and immunogenic but is reactogenic. We previously identified the first innate plasma signature response after vaccination in Geneva as composed of five monocyte-related biomarkers peaking at day 1 post-immunization that correlates with adverse events, biological outcomes (haematological changes and viremia) and antibody titers. In this follow-up study, we sought to identify additional biomarkers in the same Geneva cohort and validate those identified markers in a US cohort. Methods Additional biomarkers were identified using multiplexed protein biomarker platform O-link and confirmed by Luminex. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluated if these markers could explain a higher variability of the vaccine response (and thereby refined the initial signature). Multivariable and linear regression models evaluated the correlations of the main components with adverse events, biological outcomes, and antibody titers. External validation of the refined signature was conducted in a second cohort of US vaccinees (n=142). Results Eleven additional biomarkers peaked at day 1 post-immunization: MCP2, MCP3, MCP4, CXCL10, OSM, CX3CL1, MCSF, CXCL11, TRAIL, RANKL and IL15. PCA analysis retained three principal components (PC) that accounted for 79% of the vaccine response variability. PC1 and PC2 were very robust and had different biomarkers that contributed to their variability. PC1 better discriminated different doses, better defined the risk of fever and myalgia, while PC2 better defined the risk of headache. We also found new biomarkers that correlated with reactogenicity, including transient arthritis (MCP-2, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, MCSF, IL-15, OSM). Several innate biomarkers are associated with antibody levels one and six months after vaccination. Refined PC1 correlated strongly in both data sets (Geneva: r = 0.97, P < 0.001; US: r = 0.99, P< 0.001). Conclusion Eleven additional biomarkers refined the previously found 5-biomarker Geneva signature. The refined signature better discriminated between different doses, was strongly associated with the risk of adverse events and with antibody responses and was validated in a separate cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schuind AE, Rees H, Schiller J, Mugo N, Dull P, Barnabas R, Clifford GM, Liu G, Madhi SA, Morse RB, Moscicki AB, Palefsky JM, Plotkin S, Sierra MS, Slifka MK, Vorsters A, Kreimer AR, Didierlaurent AM. State-of-the-Science of human papillomavirus vaccination in women with human immunodeficiency Virus: Summary of a scientific workshop. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102331. [PMID: 37576844 PMCID: PMC10413150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cervical cancer is disproportionately distributed globally, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative individuals. HPV vaccination remains a priority in regions with a high burden of cervical cancer and high HIV prevalence. With HPV vaccines becoming more accessible, optimal use beyond the initial World Health Organization-recommended target population of 9 to 14-year-old girls is an important question. In March 2022, a group of experts in epidemiology, immunology, and vaccinology convened to discuss the state-of-the-science of HPV vaccination in WWH. This report summarizes the proceedings: review of HIV epidemiology and its intersection with cervical cancer burden, immunology, HPV vaccination including reduced-dose schedules and experience with other vaccines in people with HIV (PWH), HPV vaccination strategies and knowledge gaps, and outstanding research questions. Studies of HPV vaccine effectiveness among WWH, including duration of protection, are limited. Until data from ongoing research is available, the current recommendation for WWH remains for a multi-dose HPV vaccination regimen. A focus of the discussion included the potential impact of HIV acquisition following HPV vaccination. With no data currently existing for HPV vaccines and limited information from non-HPV vaccines, this question requires further research. Implementation research on optimal HPV vaccine delivery approaches for WWH and other priority populations is also urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John Schiller
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Peter Dull
- Vaccine Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States
| | - Ruanne Barnabas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention, and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gui Liu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Joel M. Palefsky
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stanley Plotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Mónica S. Sierra
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mark K. Slifka
- Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, United States
| | - Alex Vorsters
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aimée R. Kreimer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vono M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Mohr E, Östensson M, Persson J, Olafsdottir TA, Lemeille S, Pejoski D, Hartley O, Christensen D, Andersen P, Didierlaurent AM, Harandi AM, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155200. [PMID: 37063899 PMCID: PMC10102809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionC-type lectin receptor (CLR) agonists emerged as superior inducers of primary B cell responses in early life compared with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, while both types of adjuvants are potent in adults.MethodsHere, we explored the mechanisms accounting for the differences in neonatal adjuvanticity between a CLR-based (CAF®01) and a TLR4-based (GLA-SE) adjuvant administered with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in neonatal mice, by using transcriptomics and systems biology analyses.ResultsOn day 7 after immunization, HA/CAF01 increased IL6 and IL21 levels in the draining lymph nodes, while HA/GLA-SE increased IL10. CAF01 induced mixed Th1/Th17 neonatal responses while T cell responses induced by GLA-SE had a more pronounced Th2-profile. Only CAF01 induced T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing high levels of IL21 similar to levels induced in adult mice, which is essential for germinal center (GC) formation. Accordingly, only CAF01- induced neonatal Tfh cells activated adoptively transferred hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells to form HEL+ GC B cells in neonatal mice upon vaccination with HEL-OVA.DiscussionCollectively, the data show that CLR-based adjuvants are promising neonatal and infant adjuvants due to their ability to harness Tfh responses in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Maria Vono,
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Pejoski
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia (BC) Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thiriard A, Meyer B, Eberhardt CS, Loevy N, Grazioli S, Adouan W, Fontannaz P, Marechal F, L’Huillier AG, Siegrist CA, Georges D, Putignano A, Marchant A, Didierlaurent AM, Blanchard-Rohner G. Antibody response in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 (MIS-C) compared to children with uncomplicated COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107156. [PMID: 37006315 PMCID: PMC10050384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo comprehensively analyze the quality of the antibody response between children with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and age-matched controls at one month after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and infected in the same time-period.MethodsSerum from 20 MIS-C children at admission, and 14 control children were analyzed. Antigen specific antibody isotypes and subclasses directed against various antigens of SARS-CoV-2 as well as against human common coronavirus (HCoVs) and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms were assessed by a bead-based multiplexed serological assay and by ELISA. The functionality of these antibodies was also assessed using a plaque reduction neutralization test, a RBD-specific avidity assay, a complement deposition assay and an antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP) assay.ResultsChildren with MIS-C developed a stronger IgA antibody response in comparison to children with uncomplicated COVID-19, while IgG and IgM responses are largely similar in both groups. We found a typical class-switched antibody profile with high level of IgG and IgA titers and a measurable low IgM due to relatively recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (one month). SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies of MIS-C children had higher functional properties (higher neutralization activity, avidity and complement binding) as compared to children with uncomplicated COVID-19. There was no difference in the response to common endemic coronaviruses between both groups. However, MIS-C children had a moderate increase against mucosal commensal and pathogenic strains, reflecting a potential association between a disruption of the mucosal barrier with the disease.ConclusionEven if it is still unclear why some children develop a MIS-C, we show here that MIS-C children produce higher titers of IgA antibodies, and IgG antibodies with higher functionality, which could reflect the local gastro-intestinal mucosal inflammation potentially induced by a sustained SARS-CoV-2 gut infection leading to continuous release of SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Thiriard
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Loevy
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Grazioli
- Division of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wafae Adouan
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Marechal
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G. L’Huillier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daphnée Georges
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antonella Putignano
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Children’s Hospital of Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loos C, Coccia M, Didierlaurent AM, Essaghir A, Fallon JK, Lauffenburger D, Luedemann C, Michell A, van der Most R, Zhu AL, Alter G, Burny W. Systems serology-based comparison of antibody effector functions induced by adjuvanted vaccines to guide vaccine design. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:34. [PMID: 36890168 PMCID: PMC9992919 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which antibodies confer protection vary across vaccines, ranging from simple neutralization to functions requiring innate immune recruitment via Fc-dependent mechanisms. The role of adjuvants in shaping the maturation of antibody-effector functions remains under investigated. Using systems serology, we compared adjuvants in licensed vaccines (AS01B/AS01E/AS03/AS04/Alum) combined with a model antigen. Antigen-naive adults received two adjuvanted immunizations followed by late revaccination with fractional-dosed non-adjuvanted antigen ( NCT00805389 ). A dichotomy in response quantities/qualities emerged post-dose 2 between AS01B/AS01E/AS03 and AS04/Alum, based on four features related to immunoglobulin titers or Fc-effector functions. AS01B/E and AS03 induced similar robust responses that were boosted upon revaccination, suggesting that memory B-cell programming by the adjuvanted vaccinations dictated responses post non-adjuvanted boost. AS04 and Alum induced weaker responses, that were dissimilar with enhanced functionalities for AS04. Distinct adjuvant classes can be leveraged to tune antibody-effector functions, where selective vaccine formulation using adjuvants with different immunological properties may direct antigen-specific antibody functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Loos
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- GSK, Rixensart, Belgium.,Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashlin Michell
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alex Lee Zhu
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Virology and Immunology Program, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Didierlaurent AM, Lambert PH. Co-administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:558-559. [PMID: 36773770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center of Vaccinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Siena E, Schiavetti F, Borgogni E, Taccone M, Faenzi E, Brazzoli M, Aprea S, Bardelli M, Volpini G, Buricchi F, Sammicheli C, Tavarini S, Bechtold V, Blohmke CJ, Cardamone D, De Intinis C, Gonzalez-Lopez A, O'Hagan DT, Nuti S, Seidl C, Didierlaurent AM, Bertholet S, D'Oro U, Medini D, Finco O. Systems analysis of human responses to an aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed TLR7 agonist (AS37) adjuvanted vaccine reveals a dose-dependent and specific activation of the interferon-mediated antiviral response. Vaccine 2023; 41:724-734. [PMID: 36564274 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The candidate Adjuvant System AS37 contains a synthetic toll-like receptor agonist (TLR7a) adsorbed to alum. In a phase I study (NCT02639351), healthy adults were randomised to receive one dose of licensed alum-adjuvanted meningococcal serogroup C (MenC-CRM197) conjugate vaccine (control) or MenC-CRM197 conjugate vaccine adjuvanted with AS37 (TLR7a dose 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 µg). A subset of 66 participants consented to characterisation of peripheral whole blood transcriptomic responses, systemic cytokine/chemokine responses and multiple myeloid and lymphoid cell responses as exploratory study endpoints. Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination, 6 and 24 h post-vaccination, and 3, 7, 28 and 180 days post-vaccination. The gene expression profile in whole blood showed an early, AS37-specific transcriptome response that peaked at 24 h, increased with TLR7a dose up to 50 µg and generally resolved within one week. Five clusters of differentially expressed genes were identified, including those involved in the interferon-mediated antiviral response. Evaluation of 30 cytokines/chemokines by multiplex assay showed an increased level of interferon-induced chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10) at 24 h and 3 days post-vaccination in the AS37-adjuvanted vaccine groups. Increases in activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and intermediate monocytes were detected 3 days post-vaccination in the AS37-adjuvanted vaccine groups. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells increased 7 days post-vaccination and were maintained at 28 days post-vaccination, particularly in the AS37-adjuvanted vaccine groups. Moreover, most of the subjects that received vaccine containing 25, 50 and 100 µg TLR7a showed an increased MenC-specific memory B cell responses versus baseline. These data show that the adsorption of TLR7a to alum promotes an immune signature consistent with TLR7 engagement, with up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes, cytokines and frequency of activated pDC, intermediate monocytes, MenC-specific memory B cells and Tfh cells. TLR7a 25-50 µg can be considered the optimal dose for AS37, particularly for the adjuvanted MenC-CRM197 conjugate vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo De Intinis
- GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sandra Nuti
- GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Rd, Rockville MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Ugo D'Oro
- GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salmon DA, Black S, Didierlaurent AM, Moulton LH. Commentary on “Common vaccines and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study”: Science can be messy but eventually leads to truths. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:1224-1226. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Salmon
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD 21205 , USA
| | - Steve Black
- Co-Director, Global Vaccine Data Network , Berkeley California 94705
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Lawrence H Moulton
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD 21205 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bekliz M, Adea K, Vetter P, Eberhardt CS, Hosszu-Fellous K, Vu DL, Puhach O, Essaidi-Laziosi M, Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Stephan C, L'Huillier AG, Siegrist CA, Didierlaurent AM, Kaiser L, Meyer B, Eckerle I. Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3840. [PMID: 35787633 PMCID: PMC9253337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise questions about escape from previous immunity. As the population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has become more complex due to prior infections with different variants, vaccinations or the combination of both, understanding the antigenic relationship between variants is needed. Here, we have assessed neutralizing capacity of 120 blood specimens from convalescent individuals infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, Gamma or Delta, double vaccinated individuals and patients after breakthrough infections with Delta or Omicron-BA.1. Neutralization against seven authentic SARS-CoV-2 isolates (B.1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Zeta and Omicron-BA.1) determined by plaque-reduction neutralization assay allowed us to map the antigenic relationship of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Highest neutralization titers were observed against the homologous variant. Antigenic cartography identified Zeta and Omicron-BA.1 as separate antigenic clusters. Substantial immune escape in vaccinated individuals was detected for Omicron-BA.1 but not Zeta. Combined infection/vaccination derived immunity results in less Omicron-BA.1 immune escape. Last, breakthrough infections with Omicron-BA.1 lead to broadly neutralizing sera. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concerns on protective immunity. Here the authors show that convalescent sera from people infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma or Delta show a significant drop of Omicron-BA.1 neutralization and that vaccine-breakthrough infections with Omicron-BA.1 or Delta result in robust neutralization for both Delta and Omicron-BA.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bekliz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Adea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Vetter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Krisztina Hosszu-Fellous
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olha Puhach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Stephan
- Transfusion Unit, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud G L'Huillier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meyer B, Martinez-Murillo PA, Lemaitre B, Blanchard-Rohner G, Didierlaurent AM, Fontannaz P, Eugercios Manzanas C, Lambert PH, Loevy N, Kaiser L, Sartoretti J, Tougne C, Villard J, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Eberhardt CS. Fitness of B-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 WT and Variants Up to One Year After Mild COVID-19 – A Comprehensive Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841009. [PMID: 35585978 PMCID: PMC9108245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 specific B-cell and antibody responses up to one year after mild COVID-19.MethodsIn 31 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 participants SARS-CoV-2-specific plasmablasts and antigen-specific memory B cells were measured by ELISpot. Binding antibodies directed against the proteins spike (S), domain S1, and nucleocapsid (N) were estimated using rIFA, ELISA, and commercially available assays, and avidity measured using thiocyanate washout. Neutralizing antibodies against variants of concern were measured using a surrogate-neutralization test.ResultsPlasmablast responses were assessed in all participants who gave sequential samples during the first two weeks after infection; they preceded the rise in antibodies and correlated with antibody titers measured at one month. S1 and N protein-specific IgG memory B-cell responses remained stable during the first year, whereas S1-specific IgA memory B-cell responses declined after 6 months. Antibody titers waned over time, whilst potent affinity maturation was observed for anti-RBD antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) and variants decayed during the first 6 months but titers significantly increased for Alpha, Gamma and Delta between 6 months and one year. Therefore, near-similar titers were observed for WT and Alpha after one year, and only slightly lower antibody levels for the Delta variant compared to WT. Anti-RBD antibody responses correlated with the neutralizing antibody titers at all time points, however the predicted titers were 3-fold lower at one year compared to one month.ConclusionIn mild COVID-19, stable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells and antibodies neutralizing current variants of concern are observed up to one year post infection. Care should be taken when predicting neutralizing titers using commercial assays that measure binding antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
| | - Paola Andrea Martinez-Murillo
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lemaitre
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Eugercios Manzanas
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Loevy
- Pediatric Platform for Clinical Research, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Sartoretti
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Tougne
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Villard
- Immunology and Transplant Unit, Division of Nephology and Hypertension, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology and Vaccinology Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christiane S. Eberhardt, ; Benjamin Meyer,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Madelon N, Heikkilä N, Sabater Royo I, Fontannaz P, Breville G, Lauper K, Goldstein R, Grifoni A, Sette A, Siegrist CA, Finckh A, Lalive PH, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS. Omicron-Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses After a Third Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ocrelizumab. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:399-404. [PMID: 35212717 PMCID: PMC9002341 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) escapes neutralizing antibodies elicited after COVID-19 vaccination, while T-cell responses might be better conserved. It is crucial to assess how a third vaccination modifies these responses, particularly for immunocompromised patients with readily impaired antibody responses. OBJECTIVE To determine T-cell responses to the Omicron spike protein in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) before and after a third messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective cohort study conducted from March 2021 to November 2021 at the University Hospital Geneva, adults with MS receiving anti-CD20 treatment (ocrelizumab) were identified by their treating neurologists and enrolled in the study. A total of 20 patients received their third dose of messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine and were included in this analysis. INTERVENTIONS Blood sampling before and 1 month after the third vaccine dose. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quantification of CD4 and CD8 (cytotoxic) T cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins of the vaccine strain as well as the Delta and Omicron variants, comparing frequencies before and after the third vaccine dose. RESULTS Of 20 included patients, 11 (55%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 45.8 (37.8-53.3) years. Spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell memory against all variants were maintained in 9 to 12 patients 6 months after their second vaccination, albeit at lower median frequencies against the Delta and Omicron variants compared with the vaccine strain (CD8 T cells: Delta, 83.0%; 95% CI, 73.6-114.5; Omicron, 78.9%; 95% CI, 59.4-100.0; CD4 T cells: Delta, 72.2%; 95% CI, 67.4-90.5; Omicron, 62.5%; 95% CI, 51.0-89.0). A third dose enhanced the number of responders to all variants (11 to 15 patients) and significantly increased CD8 T-cell responses, but the frequencies of Omicron-specific CD8 T cells remained 71.1% (95% CI, 41.6-96.2) of the responses specific to the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab, there were robust T-cell responses recognizing spike proteins from the Delta and Omicron variants, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination in patients taking B-cell-depleting drugs may protect them against serious complications from COVID-19 infection. T-cell response rates increased after the third dose, demonstrating the importance of a booster dose for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nelli Heikkilä
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Sabater Royo
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Fontannaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Goldstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H. Lalive
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S. Eberhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Madelon N, Lauper K, Breville G, Sabater Royo I, Goldstein R, Andrey DO, Grifoni A, Sette A, Kaiser L, Siegrist CA, Finckh A, Lalive PH, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS. Robust T-Cell Responses in Anti-CD20-Treated Patients Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:e1037-e1045. [PMID: 34791081 PMCID: PMC8767893 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy are particularly at risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, little is known regarding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in this population. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study assesses humoral and T-cell responses after vaccination with 2 doses of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in patients treated with rituximab for rheumatic diseases or ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis (n = 37), compared to immunocompetent individuals (n = 22). RESULTS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies were detectable in only 69.4% of patients and at levels that were significantly lower compared to controls who all seroconverted. In contrast to antibodies, Spike (S)-specific CD4 T cells were equally detected in immunocompetent and anti-CD20 treated patients (85-90%) and mostly of a Th1 phenotype. Response rates of S-specific CD8 T cells were higher in ocrelizumab (96.2%) and rituximab-treated patients (81.8%) as compared to controls (66.7%). S-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were polyfunctional but expressed more effector molecules in patients than in controls. During follow-up, 3 MS patients without SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response had a mild breakthrough infection. One of them had no detectable S-specific T cells after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that patients on anti-CD20 treatment are able to mount potent T-cell responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, despite impaired humoral responses. This could play an important role in the reduction of complications of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Madelon
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Sabater Royo
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Goldstein
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Department of Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Medicine; University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva & Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva; Center for Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Corresponding author: Christiane S. Eberhardt ()
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Callegaro A, Burny W, Hervé C, Hyung Kim J, Levin MJ, Zahaf T, Cunningham AL, Didierlaurent AM. Association Between Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity: A Post Hoc Analysis of 2 Phase 3 Studies With the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 226:1943-1948. [PMID: 34662415 PMCID: PMC9704432 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent question is whether transient reactions to vaccines translate into better immune responses. Using clinical data from 2 large phase 3 studies of the recombinant zoster vaccine, we observed a small but statistically significant association between the intensity of a frequent side effect (pain) after vaccination and immune responses to vaccination. However, despite the statistical correlation, the impact on the immune response is so small, and the immune response in individuals without pain already sufficient, that pain cannot be a surrogate marker for an appropriate immune response. Reactogenicity cannot be used to predict immunity after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Myron J Levin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Correspondence: Arnaud M. Didierlaurent, PhD, Center of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland ()
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vu DL, Martinez-Murillo P, Pigny F, Vono M, Meyer B, Eberhardt CS, Lemeille S, Von Dach E, Blanchard-Rohner G, Eckerle I, Huttner A, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Didierlaurent AM. Longitudinal Analysis of Inflammatory Response to SARS-CoV-2 in the Upper Respiratory Tract Reveals an Association with Viral Load, Independent of Symptoms. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1723-1732. [PMID: 34581925 PMCID: PMC8476983 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to high viral loads in the upper respiratory tract that may be determinant in virus dissemination. The extent of intranasal antiviral response in relation to symptoms is unknown. Understanding how local innate responses control virus is key in the development of therapeutic approaches. Methods SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were enrolled in an observational study conducted at the Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, investigating virological and immunological characteristics. Nasal wash and serum specimens from a subset of patients were collected to measure viral load, IgA specific for the S1 domain of the spike protein, and a cytokine panel at different time points after infection; cytokine levels were analyzed in relation to symptoms. Results Samples from 13 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and six controls were analyzed. We found an increase in CXCL10 and IL-6, whose levels remained elevated for up to 3 weeks after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced CCL2 and GM-CSF, suggesting local recruitment and activation of myeloid cells. Local cytokine levels correlated with viral load but not with serum cytokine levels, nor with specific symptoms, including anosmia. Some patients had S1-specific IgA in the nasal cavity while almost none had IgG. Conclusion The nasal epithelium is an active site of cytokine response against SARS-CoV-2 that can last more than 2 weeks; in this mild COVID-19 cohort, anosmia was not associated with increases in any locally produced cytokines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01134-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Martinez-Murillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Pigny
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Von Dach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Unit of Immunology and Vaccinology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Huttner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Budroni S, Buricchi F, Cavallone A, Bourguignon P, Caubet M, Dewar V, D'Oro U, Finco O, Garçon N, El Idrissi M, Janssens M, Leroux-Roels G, Marchant A, Schwarz T, Van Damme P, Volpini G, van der Most R, Didierlaurent AM, Burny W. Antibody avidity, persistence, and response to antigen recall: comparison of vaccine adjuvants. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:78. [PMID: 34021167 PMCID: PMC8140094 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in innate immune ‘imprinting’ between vaccine adjuvants may mediate dissimilar effects on the quantity/quality of persisting adaptive responses. We compared antibody avidity maturation, antibody/memory B cell/CD4+ T cell response durability, and recall responses to non-adjuvanted fractional-dose antigen administered 1-year post-immunization (Day [D]360), between hepatitis B vaccines containing Adjuvant System (AS)01B, AS01E, AS03, AS04, or Alum (NCT00805389). Both the antibody and B cell levels ranked similarly (AS01B/E/AS03 > AS04 > Alum) at peak response, at D360, and following their increases post-antigen recall (D390). Proportions of high-avidity antibodies increased post-dose 2 across all groups and persisted at D360, but avidity maturation appeared to be more strongly promoted by AS vs. Alum. Post-antigen recall, frequencies of subjects with high-avidity antibodies increased only markedly in the AS groups. Among the AS, total antibody responses were lowest for AS04. However, proportions of high-avidity antibodies were similar between groups, suggesting that MPL in AS04 contributes to avidity maturation. Specific combinations of immunoenhancers in the AS, regardless of their individual nature, increase antibody persistence and avidity maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tino Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Vaccination Center, Klinikum Wuerzburg Mitte, Standort Juliusspital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munoz FM, Cramer JP, Dekker CL, Dudley MZ, Graham BS, Gurwith M, Law B, Perlman S, Polack FP, Spergel JM, Van Braeckel E, Ward BJ, Didierlaurent AM, Lambert PH. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2021; 39:3053-3066. [PMID: 33637387 PMCID: PMC7901381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term “Vaccine Associated Enhanced Disease” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The Case Definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected Expert Reviewers prior to submission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flor M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jakob P Cramer
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, CEPI, London, UK
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Z Dudley
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc Gurwith
- Safety Platform for Emergency Vaccines, Los Altos Hills, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Law
- Safety Platform for Emergency Vaccines, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vetter P, Cordey S, Schibler M, Vieux L, Despres L, Laubscher F, Andrey DO, Martischang R, Harbarth S, Cuvelier C, Bekliz M, Eckerle I, Siegrist CA, Didierlaurent AM, Eberhardt CS, Meyer B, Kaiser L. Clinical, virologic and immunologic features of a mild case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:S1198-743X(21)00085-9. [PMID: 33618012 PMCID: PMC7896115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection 6 months after the first infection in a young healthy female physician. Both episodes led to mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal specimens. Reinfection was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Kinetics of total anti-S receptor binding domain immunoglobulins (Ig anti-S RBD), anti-nucleoprotein (anti-N) and neutralizing antibodies were determined in serial serum samples retrieved during both infection episodes. Memory B-cell responses were assessed at day 12 after reinfection. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified two different SARS-CoV-2 genomes both belonging to clade 20A, with only one nonsynonymous mutation in the spike protein and clustered with viruses circulating in Geneva (Switzerland) at the time of each of the corresponding episodes. Seroconversion was documented with low levels of total Ig anti-S RBD and anti-N antibodies at 1 month after the first infection, whereas neutralizing antibodies quickly declined after the first episode and then were boosted by the reinfection, with high titres detectable 4 days after symptom onset. A strong memory B-cell response was detected at day 12 after onset of symptoms during reinfection, indicating that the first episode elicited cellular memory responses. CONCLUSIONS Rapid decline of neutralizing antibodies may put medical personnel at risk of reinfection, as shown in this case. However, reinfection leads to a significant boosting of previous immune responses. Larger cohorts of reinfected subjects with detailed descriptions of their immune responses are needed to define correlates of protection and their duration after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schibler
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Vieux
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lena Despres
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diego O Andrey
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Martischang
- Infection Control Division, WHO Collaborating Center for Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Division, WHO Collaborating Center for Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Cuvelier
- Division of Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Bekliz
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bosteels C, Fierens K, De Prijck S, Van Moorleghem J, Vanheerswynghels M, De Wolf C, Chalon A, Collignon C, Hammad H, Didierlaurent AM, Lambrecht BN. CCR2- and Flt3-Dependent Inflammatory Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells Are Necessary for the Induction of Adaptive Immunity by the Human Vaccine Adjuvant System AS01. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606805. [PMID: 33519816 PMCID: PMC7841299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adjuvant System AS01 contains monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the saponin QS-21 in a liposomal formulation. AS01 is included in recently developed vaccines against malaria and varicella zoster virus. Like for many other adjuvants, induction of adaptive immunity by AS01 is highly dependent on the ability to recruit and activate dendritic cells (DCs) that migrate to the draining lymph node for T and B cell stimulation. The objective of this study was to more precisely address the contribution of the different conventional (cDC) and monocyte-derived DC (MC) subsets in the orchestration of the adaptive immune response after immunization with AS01 adjuvanted vaccine. The combination of MPL and QS-21 in AS01 induced strong recruitment of CD26+XCR1+ cDC1s, CD26+CD172+ cDC2s and a recently defined CCR2-dependent CD64-expressing inflammatory cDC2 (inf-cDC2) subset to the draining lymph node compared to antigen alone, while CD26-CD64+CD88+ MCs were barely detectable. At 24 h post-vaccination, cDC2s and inf-cDC2s were superior amongst the different subsets in priming antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. Diphtheria toxin (DT) mediated depletion of all DCs prior to vaccination completely abolished adaptive immune responses, while depletion 24 h after vaccination mainly affected CD8+ T cell responses. Vaccinated mice lacking Flt3 or the chemokine receptor CCR2 showed a marked deficit in inf-cDC2 recruitment and failed to raise proper antibody and T cell responses. Thus, the adjuvant activity of AS01 is associated with the potent activation of subsets of cDC2s, including the newly described inf-cDC2s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bosteels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Fierens
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Vanheerswynghels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Wolf
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vetter P, Eberhardt CS, Meyer B, Martinez Murillo PA, Torriani G, Pigny F, Lemeille S, Cordey S, Laubscher F, Vu DL, Calame A, Schibler M, Jacquerioz F, Blanchard-Rohner G, Siegrist CA, Kaiser L, Didierlaurent AM, Eckerle I. Daily Viral Kinetics and Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Assessment in COVID-19: a Case Series. mSphere 2020; 5:e00827-20. [PMID: 33177214 PMCID: PMC7657589 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00827-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral shedding patterns and their correlations with immune responses are still poorly characterized in mild coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19). We monitored shedding of viral RNA and infectious virus and characterized the immune response kinetics of the first five patients quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. High viral loads and infectious virus shedding were observed from the respiratory tract despite mild symptoms, with isolation of infectious virus and prolonged positivity by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) until days 7 and 19 after symptom onset, respectively. Robust innate responses characterized by increases in activated CD14+ CD16+ monocytes and cytokine responses were observed as early as 2 days after symptom onset. Cellular and humoral severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses were detectable in all patients. Infectious virus shedding was limited to the first week after symptom onset. A strong innate response, characterized by mobilization of activated monocytes during the first days of infection and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, was detectable even in patients with mild disease.IMPORTANCE This work is particularly important because it simultaneously assessed the virology, immunology, and clinical presentation of the same subjects, whereas other studies assess these separately. We describe the detailed viral and immune profiles of the first five patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and quarantined in Geneva, Switzerland. Viral loads peaked at the very beginning of the disease, and infectious virus was shed only during the early acute phase of disease. No infectious virus could be isolated by culture 7 days after onset of symptoms, while viral RNA was still detectable for a prolonged period. Importantly, we saw that all patients, even those with mild symptoms, mount an innate response sufficient for viral control (characterized by early activated cytokines and monocyte responses) and develop specific immunity as well as cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive responses, which already begin to decline a few months after the resolution of symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Eberhardt
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Andrea Martinez Murillo
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Pigny
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Cordey
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Laubscher
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diem-Lan Vu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Calame
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schibler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Jacquerioz
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud M Didierlaurent
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Mot L, Bechtold V, Bol V, Callegaro A, Coccia M, Essaghir A, Hasdemir D, Ulloa-Montoya F, Siena E, Smilde A, van den Berg RA, Didierlaurent AM, Burny W, van der Most RG. Transcriptional profiles of adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccines display variable interindividual homogeneity but a shared core signature. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/569/eaay8618. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current routine use of adjuvants in human vaccines provides a strong incentive to increase our understanding of how adjuvants differ in their ability to stimulate innate immunity and consequently enhance vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we evaluated gene expression profiles in cells from whole blood elicited in naive subjects receiving the hepatitis B surface antigen formulated with different adjuvants. We identified a core innate gene signature emerging 1 day after the second vaccination and that was shared by the recipients of vaccines formulated with adjuvant systems AS01B, AS01E, or AS03. This core signature associated with the magnitude of the hepatitis B surface-specific antibody response and was characterized by positive regulation of genes associated with interferon-related responses or the innate cell compartment and by negative regulation of natural killer cell–associated genes. Analysis at the individual subject level revealed that the higher immunogenicity of AS01B-adjuvanted vaccine was linked to its ability to induce this signature in most vaccinees even after the first vaccination. Therefore, our data suggest that adjuvanticity is not strictly defined by the nature of the receptors or signaling pathways it activates but by the ability of the adjuvant to consistently induce a core inflammatory signature across individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dicle Hasdemir
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Biosystems Data Analysis Group, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Age Smilde
- Biosystems Data Analysis Group, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lambert PH, Ambrosino DM, Andersen SR, Baric RS, Black SB, Chen RT, Dekker CL, Didierlaurent AM, Graham BS, Martin SD, Molrine DC, Perlman S, Picard-Fraser PA, Pollard AJ, Qin C, Subbarao K, Cramer JP. Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 2020; 38:4783-4791. [PMID: 32507409 PMCID: PMC7247514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of “disease enhancement” has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven B Black
- Brighton Collaboration, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Robert T Chen
- Brighton Collaboration, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Brighton Collaboration, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.
| | | | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jakob P Cramer
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dutton EE, Gajdasik DW, Willis C, Fiancette R, Bishop EL, Camelo A, Sleeman MA, Coccia M, Didierlaurent AM, Tomura M, Pilataxi F, Morehouse CA, Carlesso G, Withers DR. Peripheral lymph nodes contain migratory and resident innate lymphoid cell populations. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/35/eaau8082. [PMID: 31152090 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue residency is considered a defining feature of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) populations located within mucosal and adipose tissues. ILCs are also present within all lymphoid tissues, but whether ILCs migrate between lymphoid and nonlymphoid sites and in what context is poorly understood. To determine whether migratory ILCs exist within peripheral lymph nodes (LNs), we labeled all cells within the brachial LN (bLN) of transgenic mice expressing a photoconvertible fluorescent protein by direct exposure to light. Tracking of cellular changes in the labeled LN revealed the gradual migration of new ILCs into the tissue, balanced by egress of ILCs dependent on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Most of the migratory ILCs were ILC1s, entering LNs directly from the circulation in a CD62L- and CCR7-dependent manner and thus behaving like conventional natural killer (cNK) cells. Upon egress, both ILC1s and cNK cells were found to recirculate through peripheral LNs. A distinct population of migratory ILC2s were detected in the LN, but most of the ILC3s were tissue resident. Functionally, both migratory and resident ILC1s within LNs were able to rapidly produce IFN-γ to support the generation of robust TH1 T cell responses after immunization. Thus, migratory and resident ILC populations exist within peripheral LNs, with ILC1s, akin to cNK cells, able to traffic into these tissues where they can contribute to the initiation of adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dominika W Gajdasik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Remi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ana Camelo
- MedImmune LLC, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Matthew A Sleeman
- MedImmune LLC, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | | | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiorikita, Tondabayashi City, Osaka Prefecture, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Fernanda Pilataxi
- Department of Translational Medicine-Pharmacogenomics, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Gianluca Carlesso
- Department of Cancer Biology, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Didierlaurent AM, Desssart C, Cunningham AL. Clarification regarding the statement of the association between the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) and gout flares. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 80:e200. [PMID: 31791949 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Van Maele L, Fougeron D, Cayet D, Chalon A, Piccioli D, Collignon C, Sirard JC, Didierlaurent AM. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in hematopoietic-lineage cells contributes to the enhanced activity of the human vaccine adjuvant AS01. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2134-2145. [PMID: 31489613 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) activates immunity through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The Adjuvant System AS01 contains MPL and is used in the candidate malaria vaccine and the licensed zoster vaccine. Recent studies reported that AS01 adjuvant activity depends on a transient inflammation at the site of vaccination, but the role of stromal or structural cells in the adjuvant effect is unknown. We investigated this question in mouse models by assessing the role of TLR4 on hematopoietic versus resident structural cells during immunization with AS01-adjuvanted vaccines. We first established that TLR4-deficient animals had a reduced immune response to an AS01-adjuvanted vaccine. Using bone marrow chimera, we consistently found that Tlr4 expression in radio-sensitive cells, i.e., hematopoietic cells, was required for an optimal adjuvant effect on antibody and T-cell responses. At day 1 after injection, the pro-inflammatory reaction at the site of injection was strongly dependent on TLR4 signaling in hematopoietic cells. Similarly, activation of dendritic cells in muscle-draining lymph nodes was strictly associated with the radio-sensitive cells expressing Tlr4. Altogether, these data suggest that MPL-mediated TLR4-signaling in hematopoietic cells is critical in the mode of action of AS01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurye Van Maele
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fougeron
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hervé C, Laupèze B, Del Giudice G, Didierlaurent AM, Tavares Da Silva F. The how's and what's of vaccine reactogenicity. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:39. [PMID: 31583123 PMCID: PMC6760227 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactogenicity represents the physical manifestation of the inflammatory response to vaccination, and can include injection-site pain, redness, swelling or induration at the injection site, as well as systemic symptoms, such as fever, myalgia, or headache. The experience of symptoms following vaccination can lead to needle fear, long-term negative attitudes and non-compliant behaviours, which undermine the public health impact of vaccination. This review presents current knowledge on the potential causes of reactogenicity, and how host characteristics, vaccine administration and composition factors can influence the development and perception of reactogenicity. The intent is to provide an overview of reactogenicity after vaccination to help the vaccine community, including healthcare professionals, in maintaining confidence in vaccines by promoting vaccination, setting expectations for vaccinees about what might occur after vaccination and reducing anxiety by managing the vaccination setting.
Collapse
|
27
|
Buckley PR, Alden K, Coccia M, Chalon A, Collignon C, Temmerman ST, Didierlaurent AM, van der Most R, Timmis J, Andersen CA, Coles MC. Application of Modeling Approaches to Explore Vaccine Adjuvant Mode-of-Action. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2150. [PMID: 31572370 PMCID: PMC6751289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvant technologies have a key role in the development of next-generation vaccines, due to their capacity to modulate the duration, strength and quality of the immune response. The AS01 adjuvant is used in the malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 and in the licensed herpes-zoster vaccine (Shingrix) where the vaccine has proven its ability to generate protective responses with both robust humoral and T-cell responses. For many years, animal models have provided insights into adjuvant mode-of-action (MoA), generally through investigating individual genes or proteins. Furthermore, modeling and simulation techniques can be utilized to integrate a variety of different data types; ranging from serum biomarkers to large scale “omics” datasets. In this perspective we present a framework to create a holistic integration of pre-clinical datasets and immunological literature in order to develop an evidence-based hypothesis of AS01 adjuvant MoA, creating a unified view of multiple experiments. Furthermore, we highlight how holistic systems-knowledge can serve as a basis for the construction of models and simulations supporting exploration of key questions surrounding adjuvant MoA. Using the Systems-Biology-Graphical-Notation, a tool for graphical representation of biological processes, we have captured high-level cellular behaviors and interactions, and cytokine dynamics during the early immune response, which are substantiated by a series of diagrams detailing cellular dynamics. Through explicitly describing AS01 MoA we have built a consensus of understanding across multiple experiments, and so we present a framework to integrate modeling approaches into exploring adjuvant MoA, in order to guide experimental design, interpret results and inform rational design of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Alden
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Timmis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R, Didierlaurent AM. Correlates of adjuvanticity: A review on adjuvants in licensed vaccines. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
29
|
Lecrenier N, Beukelaers P, Colindres R, Curran D, De Kesel C, De Saegher JP, Didierlaurent AM, Ledent EY, Mols JF, Mrkvan T, Normand-Bayle M, Oostvogels L, Da Silva FT, Vassilev V, Vinals C, Brecx A. Development of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine and its implications for shingles prevention. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:619-634. [PMID: 30028651 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1495565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GSK has developed a two-dose adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix, RZV) to protect people aged ≥50 years (50+) against herpes zoster (HZ) and its complications. RZV showed >90% efficacy against HZ, sustained over 4 years of follow-up, in all studied age groups. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the scientific rationale underlying the design of RZV; the clinical evidence demonstrating immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy in persons 50+; and the public health implications and cost-effectiveness. EXPERT COMMENTARY A decline in varicella zoster virus (VZV) immunity is associated with increased risk of HZ in adults 50+ and immunocompromised individuals. RZV was designed to restore levels of anti-VZV cellular and humoral immunity to prevent VZV reactivation. RZV includes the recombinant gE glycoprotein antigen, and Adjuvant System AS01B which promotes cellular and antibody responses. In two Phase III studies in subjects aged 50+ and 70+ years, RZV efficacy against HZ compared to placebo was >90% and ≥89% against post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). RZV is expected to dramatically impact HZ morbidity including its complications, and associated health-care costs. In the US population aged 50+ years, vaccination with RZV can be cost-effective compared to no vaccination and cost-saving compared to the currently available live-attenuated HZ vaccine (Zostavax, Merck).
Collapse
|
30
|
Neeland MR, Shi W, Collignon C, Meeusen ENT, Didierlaurent AM, de Veer MJ. The adjuvant system AS01 up-regulates neutrophil CD14 expression and neutrophil-associated antigen transport in the local lymphatic network. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:46-53. [PMID: 29194575 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposome-based adjuvant system AS01 is under evaluation for use in several vaccines in clinical development. We have shown previously that AS01 injected with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a distinct cellular signature within the draining lymphatics that enhances local lymphocyte recruitment and antigen-specific humoral immunity. Here, we show that AS01-induced neutrophil recruitment is associated with increased expression of CD14 and enhanced antigen uptake capacity in neutrophils from both afferent and efferent lymphatic compartments during the first 48 h after vaccination. Significant and transient increases in CD14 expression on systemic neutrophils were also observed following primary and boost vaccination with HBsAg-AS01; however, they were not observed following additional encounter with HBsAg-alone or HBsAg-alum. These results show that following immunization with AS01, neutrophils expressing higher levels of CD14 are both more abundant and efficient at antigen uptake, warranting further investigation into the role of neutrophil-associated CD14 in the adjuvanticity of AS01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Shi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - E N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - M J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Burny W, Callegaro A, Bechtold V, Clement F, Delhaye S, Fissette L, Janssens M, Leroux-Roels G, Marchant A, van den Berg RA, Garçon N, van der Most R, Didierlaurent AM. Different Adjuvants Induce Common Innate Pathways That Are Associated with Enhanced Adaptive Responses against a Model Antigen in Humans. Front Immunol 2017; 8:943. [PMID: 28855902 PMCID: PMC5557780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the role of innate responses in vaccine immunogenicity, we compared early responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) combined with different Adjuvant Systems (AS) in healthy HBV-naïve adults, and included these parameters in multi-parametric models of adaptive responses. A total of 291 participants aged 18–45 years were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive HBsAg with AS01B, AS01E, AS03, AS04, or Alum/Al(OH)3 at days 0 and 30 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00805389). Blood protein, cellular, and mRNA innate responses were assessed at early time-points and up to 7 days after vaccination, and used with reactogenicity symptoms in linear regression analyses evaluating their correlation with HBs-specific CD4+ T-cell and antibody responses at day 44. All AS induced transient innate responses, including interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), mostly peaking at 24 h post-vaccination and subsiding to baseline within 1–3 days. After the second but not the first injection, median interferon (IFN)-γ levels were increased in the AS01B group, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 levels and IFN-inducible genes upregulated in the AS01 and AS03 groups. No distinct marker or signature was specific to one particular AS. Innate profiles were comparable between AS01B, AS01E, and AS03 groups, and between AS04 and Alum groups. AS group rankings within adaptive and innate response levels and reactogenicity prevalence were similar (AS01B ≥ AS01E > AS03 > AS04 > Alum), suggesting an association between magnitudes of inflammatory and vaccine responses. Modeling revealed associations between adaptive responses and specific traits of the innate response post-dose 2 (activation of the IFN-signaling pathway, CRP and IL-6 responses). In conclusion, the ability of AS01 and AS03 to enhance adaptive responses to co-administered HBsAg is likely linked to their capacity to activate innate immunity, particularly the IFN-signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frédéric Clement
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
O'Hagan DT, Friedland LR, Hanon E, Didierlaurent AM. Towards an evidence based approach for the development of adjuvanted vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 47:93-102. [PMID: 28755542 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, several vaccines formulated with a new generation of adjuvants have been licensed or approved to target diseases such as influenza, hepatitis B, cervical cancer, and malaria. These new generation adjuvants appear to work by delivering a localized activation signal to the innate immune system, which in turn promotes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Advances in understanding of the innate immune system together with high-throughput discovery of synthetic immune potentiators are now expanding the portfolio of new generation adjuvants available for evaluation. Meanwhile, omics and systems biology are providing molecular benchmarks or signatures to assess vaccine safety and effectiveness. This accumulating knowledge and experience raises the prospect that the future selection of the right antigen/adjuvant combination can be more evidence based and can speed up the clinical development program for new adjuvanted vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek T O'Hagan
- GSK Vaccines, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD, USA. derek.t.o'
| | | | - Emmanuel Hanon
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
van den Berg RA, Coccia M, Ballou WR, Kester KE, Ockenhouse CF, Vekemans J, Jongert E, Didierlaurent AM, van der Most RG. Predicting RTS,S Vaccine-Mediated Protection from Transcriptomes in a Malaria-Challenge Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2017; 8:557. [PMID: 28588574 PMCID: PMC5440508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S candidate malaria vaccine can protect against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI), but how protection is achieved remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed longitudinal peripheral blood transcriptome and immunogenicity data from a clinical efficacy trial in which healthy adults received three RTS,S doses 4 weeks apart followed by CHMI 2 weeks later. Multiway partial least squares discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA) of transcriptome data identified 110 genes that could be used in predictive models of protection. Among the 110 genes, 42 had known immune-related functions, including 29 that were related to the NF-κB-signaling pathway and 14 to the IFN-γ-signaling pathway. Post-dose 3 serum IFN-γ concentrations were also correlated with protection; and N-PLS-DA of IFN-γ-signaling pathway transcriptome data selected almost all (44/45) of the representative genes for predictive models of protection. Hence, the identification of the NF-κB and IFN-γ pathways provides further insight into how vaccine-mediated protection may be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kent E Kester
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Erik Jongert
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut, Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Welsby I, Detienne S, N'Kuli F, Thomas S, Wouters S, Bechtold V, De Wit D, Gineste R, Reinheckel T, Elouahabi A, Courtoy PJ, Didierlaurent AM, Goriely S. Lysosome-Dependent Activation of Human Dendritic Cells by the Vaccine Adjuvant QS-21. Front Immunol 2017; 7:663. [PMID: 28105029 PMCID: PMC5215313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adjuvant properties of the saponin QS-21 have been known for decades. It is a component of the Adjuvant System AS01 that is used in several vaccine candidates. QS-21 strongly potentiates both cellular and humoral immune responses to purified antigens, yet how it activates immune cells is largely unknown. Here, we report that QS-21 directly activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and promoted a pro-inflammatory transcriptional program. Cholesterol-dependent QS-21 endocytosis followed by lysosomal destabilization and Syk kinase activation were prerequisites for this response. Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, was essential for moDC activation in vitro and contributed to the adjuvant effects of QS-21 in vivo. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the pathways involved in the direct activation of antigen-presenting cells by a clinically relevant QS-21 formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Welsby
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Sophie Detienne
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Francisca N'Kuli
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | | | | | - Dominique De Wit
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University , Freiburg , Germany
| | | | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Detienne S, Welsby I, Collignon C, Wouters S, Coccia M, Delhaye S, Van Maele L, Thomas S, Swertvaegher M, Detavernier A, Elouahabi A, Goriely S, Didierlaurent AM. Central Role of CD169 + Lymph Node Resident Macrophages in the Adjuvanticity of the QS-21 Component of AS01. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39475. [PMID: 27996000 PMCID: PMC5172233 DOI: 10.1038/srep39475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins represent a promising class of vaccine adjuvant. Together with the TLR4-ligand MPL, QS-21 is part of the Adjuvant System AS01, a key component of the malaria and zoster candidate vaccines that display demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, the mechanism of action of QS-21 in this liposomal formulation is poorly understood. Upon intra-muscular immunisation, we observed that QS-21 rapidly accumulated in CD169+ resident macrophages of the draining lymph node where it elicited a local innate immune response. Depletion of these cells abrogated QS-21-mediated innate cell recruitment to the lymph node, dendritic cell (DC) phenotypic maturation as well as the adjuvant effect on T-cell and antibody responses to co-administered antigens. DCs rather than lymph node-resident macrophages were directly involved in T-cell priming by QS-21, as revealed by the decrease in antigen-specific T-cell response in Batf3−/− mice. Further analysis showed that the adjuvant effect of QS-21 depended on the integration of Caspase-1 and MyD88 pathways, at least in part through the local release of HMGB1. Taken together, this work unravels the key role of lymph node sentinel macrophage in controlling the adjuvant effect of a molecule proven to improve vaccine response in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Detienne
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Iain Welsby
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Delhaye
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maëlle Swertvaegher
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Detavernier
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neeland MR, Shi W, Collignon C, Taubenheim N, Meeusen ENT, Didierlaurent AM, de Veer MJ. The Lymphatic Immune Response Induced by the Adjuvant AS01: A Comparison of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Immunization Routes. J Immunol 2016; 197:2704-14. [PMID: 27549170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The liposome-based adjuvant AS01 incorporates two immune stimulants, 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 is under investigation for use in several vaccines in clinical development. i.m. injection of AS01 enhances immune cell activation and dendritic cell (DC) Ag presentation in the local muscle-draining lymph node. However, cellular and Ag trafficking in the lymphatic vessels that connect an i.m. injection site with the local lymph node has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were: 1) to quantify the in vivo cellular immune response induced by AS01 in an outbred ovine model, 2) to develop a lymphatic cannulation model that directly collects lymphatic fluid draining the muscle, and 3) to investigate the function of immune cells entering and exiting the lymphatic compartments after s.c. or i.m. vaccination with AS01 administered with hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg). We show that HBsAg-AS01 induces a distinct immunogenic cellular signature within the blood and draining lymphatics following both immunization routes. We reveal that MHCII(high) migratory DCs, neutrophils, and monocytes can acquire Ag within muscle and s.c. afferent lymph, and that HBsAg-AS01 uniquely induces the selective migration of Ag-positive neutrophils, monocytes, and an MHCII(high) DC-like cell type out of the lymph node via the efferent lymphatics that may enhance Ag-specific immunity. We report the characterization of the immune response in the lymphatic network after i.m. and s.c. injection of a clinically relevant vaccine, all in real time using a dose and volume comparable with that administered in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Neeland
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Wei Shi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Nadine Taubenheim
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Els N T Meeusen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | | | - Michael J de Veer
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Didierlaurent AM, Laupèze B, Di Pasquale A, Hergli N, Collignon C, Garçon N. Adjuvant system AS01: helping to overcome the challenges of modern vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:55-63. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1213632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
38
|
Leroux-Roels G, Marchant A, Levy J, Van Damme P, Schwarz TF, Horsmans Y, Jilg W, Kremsner PG, Haelterman E, Clément F, Gabor JJ, Esen M, Hens A, Carletti I, Fissette L, Tavares Da Silva F, Burny W, Janssens M, Moris P, Didierlaurent AM, Van Der Most R, Garçon N, Van Belle P, Van Mechelen M. Impact of adjuvants on CD4(+) T cell and B cell responses to a protein antigen vaccine: Results from a phase II, randomized, multicenter trial. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:16-27. [PMID: 27236001 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenicity and safety of different adjuvants combined with a model antigen (HBsAg) were compared. Healthy HBV-naïve adults were randomized to receive HBs adjuvanted with alum or Adjuvant Systems AS01B, AS01E, AS03A or AS04 at Days 0 and 30. Different frequencies of HBs-specific CD4+ T cells 14days post dose 2 but similar polyfunctionality profiles were induced by the different adjuvants with frequencies significantly higher in the AS01B and AS01E groups than in the other groups. Antibody concentrations 30days post-dose 2 were significantly higher in AS01B, AS01E and AS03A than in other groups. Limited correlations were observed between HBs-specific CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. Injection site pain was the most common solicited local symptom and was more frequent in AS groups than in alum group. Different adjuvants formulated with the same antigen induced different adaptive immune responses and reactogenicity patterns in healthy naïve adults. The results summary for this study (GSK study number 112115 - NCT# NCT00805389) is available on the GSK Clinical Study Register and can be accessed at www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- ImmuneHealth, Gosselies, Belgium; Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jack Levy
- ImmuneHealth, Gosselies, Belgium; CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tino F Schwarz
- Central Laboratory and Vaccination Center, Stiftung Juliusspital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Unité de Pharmacologie Clinique, University Hospital St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Jilg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Frédéric Clément
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julian J Gabor
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meral Esen
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annick Hens
- Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hallé M, Tribout-Jover P, Lanteigne AM, Boulais J, St-Jean JR, Jodoin R, Girouard MP, Constantin F, Migneault A, Renaud F, Didierlaurent AM, Mallett CP, Burkhart D, Pilorget A, Palmantier R, Larocque D. Methods to monitor monocytes-mediated amyloid-beta uptake and phagocytosis in the context of adjuvanted immunotherapies. J Immunol Methods 2015; 424:64-79. [PMID: 26002154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated capture of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in peripheral blood was identified as an attractive strategy to eliminate cerebral toxic amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and murine models. Alternatively, defective capacity of peripheral monocytes to engulf Aβ was reported in individuals with AD. In this report, we developed different approaches to investigate cellular uptake and phagocytosis of Aβ, and to examine how two immunological devices--an immunostimulatory Adjuvant System and different amyloid specific antibodies--may affect these biological events. Between one and thirteen months of age, APPswe X PS1.M146V (TASTPM) AD model mice had decreasing concentrations of Aβ in their plasma. In contrast, the proportion of blood monocytes containing Aβ tended to increase with age. Importantly, the TLR-agonist containing Adjuvant System AS01B primed monocytes to promote de novo Aβ uptake capacity, particularly in the presence of anti-Aβ antibodies. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that cells achieved Aβ uptake and internalization followed by Aβ degradation via mechanisms that required effective actin polymerization and proteolytic enzymes such as insulin-degrading enzyme. We further demonstrated that both Aβ-specific monoclonal antibodies and plasma from Aβ-immunized mice enhanced the phagocytosis of 1 μm Aβ-coated particles. Together, our data highlight a new biomarker testing to follow amyloid clearance within the blood and a mechanism of Aβ uptake by peripheral monocytes in the context of active or passive immunization, and emphasize on novel approaches to investigate this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hallé
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8; Neuroscience Laboratory, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, T-2-50, Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | | | | | - Jonathan Boulais
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - Julien R St-Jean
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - Rachel Jodoin
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | | | - Florin Constantin
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - Annik Migneault
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - Frédéric Renaud
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | - Corey P Mallett
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - David Burkhart
- GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Anthony Pilorget
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8
| | - Rémi Palmantier
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Daniel Larocque
- GSK Vaccines, 525 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V 3S8.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Segal L, Wouters S, Morelle D, Gautier G, Le Gal J, Martin T, Kuper F, Destexhe E, Didierlaurent AM, Garçon N. Non-clinical safety and biodistribution of AS03-adjuvanted inactivated pandemic influenza vaccines. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1564-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Segal
- GSK Vaccines; Rue de l'Institut 89 1330 Rixensart Belgium
| | | | | | - Gaëlle Gautier
- Chelatec SAS; 1 rue Aronnax 44821 Saint-Herblain Cedex France
| | - Julien Le Gal
- Chelatec SAS; 1 rue Aronnax 44821 Saint-Herblain Cedex France
| | - Thomas Martin
- Covance Laboratories Ltd.; Otley Road Harrogate HG3 1PY England
| | - Frieke Kuper
- TNO; Utrechtseweg 48 NL-3700 AJ Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Eric Destexhe
- GSK Vaccines; Rue de l'Institut 89 1330 Rixensart Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Didierlaurent AM, Collignon C, Bourguignon P, Wouters S, Fierens K, Fochesato M, Dendouga N, Langlet C, Malissen B, Lambrecht BN, Garçon N, Van Mechelen M, Morel S. Enhancement of adaptive immunity by the human vaccine adjuvant AS01 depends on activated dendritic cells. J Immunol 2014; 193:1920-30. [PMID: 25024381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant System AS01 is a liposome-based vaccine adjuvant containing 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 has been selected for the clinical development of several candidate vaccines including the RTS,S malaria vaccine and the subunit glycoprotein E varicella zoster vaccine (both currently in phase III). Given the known immunostimulatory properties of MPL and QS-21, the objective of this study was to describe the early immune response parameters after immunization with an AS01-adjuvanted vaccine and to identify relationships with the vaccine-specific adaptive immune response. Cytokine production and innate immune cell recruitment occurred rapidly and transiently at the muscle injection site and draining lymph node postinjection, consistent with the rapid drainage of the vaccine components to the draining lymph node. The induction of Ag-specific Ab and T cell responses was dependent on the Ag being injected at the same time or within 24 h after AS01, suggesting that the early events occurring postinjection were required for these elevated adaptive responses. In the draining lymph node, after 24 h, the numbers of activated and Ag-loaded monocytes and MHCII(high) dendritic cells were higher after the injection of the AS01-adjuvanted vaccine than after Ag alone. However, only MHCII(high) dendritic cells appeared efficient at and necessary for direct Ag presentation to T cells. These data suggest that the ability of AS01 to improve adaptive immune responses, as has been demonstrated in clinical trials, is linked to a transient stimulation of the innate immune system leading to the generation of high number of efficient Ag-presenting dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaat Fierens
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7280, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | | | | | - Sandra Morel
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leroux-Roels G, Bourguignon P, Willekens J, Janssens M, Clement F, Didierlaurent AM, Fissette L, Roman F, Boutriau D. Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of an investigational adjuvanted polyprotein HIV-1 vaccine in healthy adults and effect of administration of chloroquine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2014; 21:302-11. [PMID: 24391139 PMCID: PMC3957681 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00617-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This phase II study evaluated the effect of chloroquine on the specific CD8(+) T-cell responses to and the safety of a booster dose of investigational human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) F4/AS01(B) vaccine containing 10 μg of recombinant fusion protein (F4) adjuvanted with the AS01(B) adjuvant system. Healthy adults aged 21 to 41 years, primed 3 years before with two F4/AS01(B) doses containing 10 or 30 μg of F4 (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00434512), were randomized (1:1) to receive the F4/AS01(B) booster administered alone or 2 days after chloroquine (300 mg). F4-specific CD8(+)/CD4(+) T-cell responses were characterized by intracellular cytokine staining and lymphoproliferation assays and anti-F4 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). No effect of chloroquine on CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell and antibody responses and no vaccine effect on CD8(+) T-cell responses (cytokine secretion or proliferation) were detected following F4/AS01(B) booster administration. In vitro, chloroquine had a direct inhibitory effect on AS01(B) adjuvant properties; AS01-induced cytokine production decreased upon coincubation of cells with chloroquine. In the pooled group of participants primed with F4/AS01(B) containing 10 μg of F4, CD4(+) T-cell and antibody responses induced by primary vaccination persisted for at least 3 years. The F4/AS01(B) booster induced strong F4-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses, which persisted for at least 6 months with similar frequencies and polyfunctional phenotypes as following primary vaccination, and high anti-F4 antibody concentrations, reaching higher levels than those following primary vaccination. The F4/AS01(B) booster had a clinically acceptable safety and reactogenicity profile. An F4/AS01(B) booster dose, administered alone or after chloroquine, induced robust antibody and F4-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses but no significant CD8(+) T-cell responses (cytokine secretion or proliferation) in healthy adults. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT00972725).
Collapse
|
43
|
Do Y, Didierlaurent AM, Ryu S, Koh H, Park CG, Park S, Perlin DS, Powell BS, Steinman RM. Induction of pulmonary mucosal immune responses with a protein vaccine targeted to the DEC-205/CD205 receptor. Vaccine 2012; 30:6359-67. [PMID: 22947140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is of great interest to develop a pneumonic plague vaccine that would induce combined humoral and cellular immunity in the lung. Here we investigate a novel approach based on targeting of dendritic cells using the DEC-205/CD205 receptor (DEC) via the intranasal route as way to improve mucosal cellular immunity to the vaccine. Intranasal administration of Yersinia pestis LcrV (V) protein fused to anti-DEC antibody together with poly IC as an adjuvant induced high frequencies of IFN-γ secreting CD4(+) T cells in the airway and lung as well as pulmonary IgG and IgA antibodies. Anti-DEC:LcrV was more efficient to induce IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 secreting polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells when compared to non-targeted soluble protein vaccine. In addition, the intranasal route of immunization with anti-DEC:LcrV was associated with improved survival upon pulmonary challenge with the virulent CO92 Y. pestis. Taken together, these data indicate that targeting dendritic cells via the mucosal route is a potential new avenue for the development of a mucosal vaccine against pneumonic plague.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Do
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Garçon N, Vaughn DW, Didierlaurent AM. Development and evaluation of AS03, an Adjuvant System containing α-tocopherol and squalene in an oil-in-water emulsion. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:349-66. [PMID: 22380826 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AS03 is an Adjuvant System composed of α-tocopherol, squalene and polysorbate 80 in an oil-in-water emulsion. In various nonclinical and clinical studies, high levels of antigen-specific antibodies were obtained after administration of an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, permitting antigen-sparing strategies. AS03 has been shown to enhance the vaccine antigen-specific adaptive response by activating the innate immune system locally and by increasing antigen uptake and presentation in draining lymph nodes, a process that is modulated by the presence of α-tocopherol in AS03. In nonclinical models of the AS03-adjuvanted prepandemic H5N1 influenza vaccine, increased levels of anti-influenza antibody afforded protection against disease and against virus replication of influenza strains homologous and heterologous to the vaccine strain. By incorporating AS03 in the pandemic H1N1/2009 vaccine, vaccine immunogenicity was increased compared with nonadjuvanted H1N1 vaccines. High H1N1/2009/AS03 vaccine effectiveness was demonstrated in several assessments in multiple populations. Altogether, the nonclinical and clinical data illustrate the ability of AS03 to induce superior adaptive responses against the vaccine antigen, principally in terms of antibody levels and immune memory. In general, these results support the concept of Adjuvant Systems as a plausible approach to develop new effective vaccines.
Collapse
|
45
|
Didierlaurent AM, Morel S, Lockman L, Giannini SL, Bisteau M, Carlsen H, Kielland A, Vosters O, Vanderheyde N, Schiavetti F, Larocque D, Van Mechelen M, Garçon N. AS04, an Aluminum Salt- and TLR4 Agonist-Based Adjuvant System, Induces a Transient Localized Innate Immune Response Leading to Enhanced Adaptive Immunity. J Immunol 2009; 183:6186-97. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|