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Sääksjärvi K, Jääskeläinen T, Ristiluoma N, Pietilä A, Lundqvist A, Koponen P. Individual level changes in body weight among Finnish adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574557 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic are yet undefined, but behavioral and lifestyle consequences of the containment measures may cause weight changes, with different concerns across demographic groups. Our aim was to determine weight changes based on the data collected from same individuals before (2017) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants aged 25+ years, from the nationally representative FinHealth 2017 Study and its follow-up survey in autumn 2020, with information on self-reported weight in both years were included (n = 4770). Weight maintenance was defined as < ± 5% change in body weight for each individual (i.e. weight loss = ≥5% loss; weight gain = ≥5% gain). Prevalence was estimated using inverse probability weights, acknowledging sampling design and non-response. Results Overall, two thirds of the population maintained weight during follow-up, but prevalence rates for weight change differed by age and sex. Prevalence of weight loss was highest among 70+ year olds (22% in men, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17-27; 26% in women, 95% CI 22-30), while they rarely experienced weight gain. Among 50-69 year olds weight gain was as common as loss, being around 15% for both indicators and sexes. Prevalence of weight gain was highest among 25-49 year olds (20% in men, 95% CI 18-23; 36% in women, 95% CI 33-40). Men with lowest education had gained weight more often (24%, 95% CI 19-30) than those with middle (16%, 95% CI 14-19) or high (14%, 95% CI 12-16) education, while for women no differences emerged, the prevalence ranging between 20-24% by education. Conclusions The weight loss among 70+ year olds seems worrying, but might be age related. Moreover, younger women and men with low education gained weight, groups known to be vulnerable for weight gain. Further analyses are required to evaluate whether containment measures related to COVID-19 pandemic have caused additional change compared to ageing and time related change. Key messages Few weight changes were observed in the Finnish adult population. As weight gain/loss may take longer time to develop, further studies are needed to address the long term effects of COVID-19 pandemic. To avoid increasing health inequity after pandemic, public health promotion should stress obesity prevention among young women plus men with low education. Weight loss is a concern among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sääksjärvi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Jääskeläinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Ristiluoma
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Pietilä
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Jääskeläinen T, Sääksjärvi K, Pietilä A, Ristiluoma N, Lundqvist A, Koponen P. Individual level lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic – A Finnish population-based study. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574570 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic containment measures may affect lifestyle. We aimed to examine the changes in key lifestyle factors based on the data from same individuals before (2017) and during (2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study is based on the FinHealth 2017 Study representing the Finnish adult population, and its follow-up questionnaire conducted in autumn 2020. A total of 4814 individuals aged 25 and older at baseline answered the same questions on lifestyle in both years. Regular leisure-time physical activity (LPA), daily use of vegetables and/or fruits, experience of adequate sleep, daily use of nicotine products and high-risk use of alcohol, were dichotomized (yes/no) for the analysis. Weighted prevalence (no/favorable/unfavorable change) for three age groups (25-49, 50-69, 70+ years) was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, sampling design and non-response acknowledged. Results In general, the prevalence of total changes observed varied 6 − 27% between lifestyle factors. The changes were both unfavorable and favorable for health. About 14% (95% CI 11,17) and 12% (95% CI 9,16) of older women and men, respectively, had LPA in 2017 but not in 2020. Corresponding prevalence for favorable change in LPA were smaller, 6% (95% CI 4,8) in older women and 7% (95% CI 4,9) in men. In older women, the results concerning daily use of vegetables and fruits were parallel. In contrast, in older women the changes observed in the experience of adequate sleep were mainly favorable. In all age groups, high-risk use of alcohol slightly decreased especially in men but the changes in use of nicotine products were minor. Conclusions The results highlight unfavorable changes in LPA and vegetable consumption especially in older women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Part of the unfavorable changes may be explained by aging, but the pandemic containment measures may have accelerated them indicating the need for health promotion actions among the elderly. Key messages The lifestyle changes observed during COVID-19 pandemic were complex, varying by sex and age groups and being both favorable and unfavorable for health. Special attention should be given to promotion of physical activity in the elderly during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jääskeläinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Pietilä
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Ristiluoma
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Van Olden CC, Van de Laar AW, Meijnikman AS, Aydin O, Van Olst N, Hoozemans JB, De Brauw LM, Bruin SC, Acherman YIZ, Verheij J, Pyykkö JE, Hagedoorn M, Sanderman R, Bosma NC, Tremaroli V, Lundqvist A, Olofsson LE, Herrema H, Lappa D, Hjorth S, Nielsen J, Schwartz T, Groen AK, Nieuwdorp M, Bäckhed F, Gerdes VEA. A systems biology approach to understand gut microbiota and host metabolism in morbid obesity: design of the BARIA Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Intern Med 2021; 289:340-354. [PMID: 32640105 PMCID: PMC7984244 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevalence of obesity and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are increasing. Underlying mechanisms, especially in humans, are unclear. Bariatric surgery provides the unique opportunity to obtain biopsies and portal vein blood-samples. METHODS The BARIA Study aims to assess how microbiota and their metabolites affect transcription in key tissues and clinical outcome in obese subjects and how baseline anthropometric and metabolic characteristics determine weight loss and glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. We phenotype patients undergoing bariatric surgery (predominantly laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), before weight loss, with biometrics, dietary and psychological questionnaires, mixed meal test (MMT) and collect fecal-samples and intra-operative biopsies from liver, adipose tissues and jejunum. We aim to include 1500 patients. A subset (approximately 25%) will undergo intra-operative portal vein blood-sampling. Fecal-samples are analyzed with shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomics, fasted and postprandial plasma-samples are subjected to metabolomics, and RNA is extracted from the tissues for RNAseq-analyses. Data will be integrated using state-of-the-art neuronal networks and metabolic modeling. Patient follow-up will be ten years. RESULTS Preoperative MMT of 170 patients were analysed and clear differences were observed in glucose homeostasis between individuals. Repeated MMT in 10 patients showed satisfactory intra-individual reproducibility, with differences in plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides within 20% of the mean difference. CONCLUSION The BARIA study can add more understanding in how gut-microbiota affect metabolism, especially with regard to obesity, glucose metabolism and NAFLD. Identification of key factors may provide diagnostic and therapeutic leads to control the obesity-associated disease epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Van Olden
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A W Van de Laar
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - A S Meijnikman
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - O Aydin
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - N Van Olst
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - J B Hoozemans
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M De Brauw
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - S C Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Y I Z Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - J Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J E Pyykkö
- Department of Health Psychology, Groningen UMC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Hagedoorn
- Department of Health Psychology, Groningen UMC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, Groningen UMC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N C Bosma
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - A Lundqvist
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - L E Olofsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - H Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Lappa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Hjorth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - J Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - A K Groen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Nieuwdorp
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västtra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V E A Gerdes
- From the, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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Laitinen U, Mäntymaa P, Haapala E, Jääskeläinen S, Sundman J, Ruokokoski E, Nieminen T, Peltomäki H, Lundqvist A. Every fifth child and adolescent in Finland is overweight. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Globally, the prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased during the preceding decades leading to childhood obesity being acknowledged as one of the most significant health hazards of the 21st century. Yet, in Finland comprehensive and up-to-date data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents have been lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2-16-year-old children and adolescents living in Finland in 2018.
Methods
The study was based on height and weight measurements taken at child welfare clinics and school health services between 5.7.2017 and 5.4.2019 (n = 375,561). The data was collected from the Register of Primary Health Care Visits. Child and adolescent overweight and obesity were defined according to international IOTF BMI criteria (age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points corresponding to adults' cut-off points of 25 kg/m2 for overweight and 30 kg/m2 for obesity) and reported by age group and sex.
Results
In 2018, nearly 20% of boys and girls aged 2-16 years were classified as at least overweight while the prevalence of obesity was 5% among both sexes. The prevalence of overweight in pre-school-aged children (2-6 years) was 12% in boys and 15% in girls, in primary school-aged children (7-12 years) 23% in boys and 22% in girls and in adolescents (13-16 years) 25% in boys and 23% in girls.
Conclusions
In 2018, every fifth child and adolescent in Finland was classified as either overweight or obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to increase with age in both genders.
Key messages
Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity were comparatively common in Finland in 2018. As overweight and obesity often persist into adulthood, multi-professional interventions targeted at prevention and early detection are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Laitinen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntymaa
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Haapala
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Jääskeläinen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sundman
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Ruokokoski
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Nieminen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Peltomäki
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Laitinen U, Lehtinen-Jacks S, Lundqvist A. Early risk factors of obesity in 5-year-old boys and girls in Finland. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several potential early-life risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity have been identified. Yet results regarding early risk factors and obesity (BMI-for-age ≥30 kg/m2) at pre-school age are mixed and boys and girls have rarely been studied separately. Our aim was to study whether pre- and perinatal factors predict obesity in 5-year-old boys and girls.
Methods
National register data was used to identify children born in Finland between 2007 and 2014 with data available on pre- and perinatal factors as well as on height and weight at 5 years of age (n = 131,818). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze sex-specific associations between pre- and perinatal factors (e.g. maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking, diabetes, delivery method, gestational-age-adjusted birth weight) and offspring obesity.
Results
Five percent of boys (n = 3,551) and 3% of girls (n = 1,949) had obesity. Adjusted for potential confounders, the strongest predictor of subsequent obesity at 5 years of age was severe maternal obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) (boys: OR 6.5, 95% CI 5.8-7.4; girls: OR 7.5, 95% CI 6.4-8.8) followed by maternal obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m²) (boys: OR 3.9, 95% CI 3.5-4.4; girls: OR 5.5, 95% CI 4.8-6.2) and maternal overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m²) (boys: OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.1-2.5; girls: OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3-3.0). Other factors associated with child obesity were maternal smoking during pregnancy (boys: OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6-1.9; girls: OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.2) and being born large for gestational age (boys: OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2; girls: OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6).
Conclusions
These findings indicate that childhood obesity may partly originate before conception, gestation and birth. As prevention of obesity may be economically and socially more sustainable than treatment of its consequences, emphasis should be put on early interventions. Particular attention should be paid on preventing maternal overweight and obesity.
Key messages
Maternal obesity was the strongest predictor of child obesity at 5 years of age. Investing in maternal health from as early as before conception may help prevent offspring obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Laitinen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Lehtinen-Jacks
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Haapala E, Peltomäki H, Jääskeläinen T, Koponen P, Mäntymaa P, Lundqvist A. Adults with young children are more satisfied with their lives than other adults. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Limited research exists on the differences in the wellbeing of adults with young children and those without. The aim of this study was to compare the well-being of adults with and without young children.
Methods
The study is based on the FinHealth 2017 Study of a nationally representative sample on adults aged 18-50-years (n = 4764, 58% participated). Information on wellbeing was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Adults living in a household with young children (under 7-years old, n = 762) were compared to adults living in a household without young children (n = 1864). Inverse probability weights were used in the analysis to correct for the effects of non-response and different sampling probabilities.
Results
Nearly 90 % of adults with young children rated their quality of life as good or very good and were more satisfied with their family life (women 84% vs. 76%, men 87 % vs. 78%) and life achievements (women 82% vs. 69%, men 78% vs. 58%) compared to other adults. No difference was observed in satisfaction with the financial situation. Differences in the experience of psychological distress (Mental Health Inventory, MHI-5 score ≤52) were statistically insignificant. 6% of women and 7% of men with young children experienced psychological distress while the equivalent percentage of other adults was 9% in both sexes. Differences in symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory, 6 item score >4) were also statistically insignificant, although the prevalence was somewhat lower for those with children (women 12% vs. 15%, men 6% vs. 12%). Adults with young children reported sufficient sleep less often compared to other adults (women 64% vs. 76%, men 67% vs. 77%).
Conclusions
Most parents of young children have a good quality of life and are satisfied with their life. Getting sufficient sleep is one of the main challenges of adults with young children.
Key messages
Adults with young children are more satisfied with their life compared to other adults. There is still a need for holistic lifestyle guidance, especially to promote mental well-being and sufficient sleep of adults with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Haapala
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Peltomäki
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Jääskeläinen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntymaa
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Lundqvist A, Haapala E, Jääskeläinen S, Sundman J, Mäntymaa P, Nieminen T, Ruokokoski E, Peltomäki H. FinChildren Register: National monitoring of child and adolescent health and well-being in Finland. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Comprehensive and up-to-date data on child and adolescent health and well-being is essential for monitoring, service development and decision-making. Although nearly all children and adolescents in Finland attend annual health check-ups at child health clinics and school healthcare, the utilization of collected data has been limited. The objective is to produce timely and representative information on the health and well-being of children, adolescents and their families based on routinely collected register data.
Methods
Data are collected from health check-ups performed at child health clinics and school health care. Recorded data are transferred through patient information systems to the Register of Primary Health Care Visits. The data can be linked to other national registers with personal identity codes. The first phase aimed to evaluate the availability and quality of register-based data through inspection of data coverage on height and weight data of children and adolescents aged 2 to 16 years.
Results
In 2018, the coverage of height and weight data ranged from 0% to 100% between municipalities depending on age group. Results were published through an interactive map application and municipality-specific summaries by gender and age group at national and municipality levels. The data enabled reporting up-to-date results on the prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity in Finland.
Conclusions
Data from health check-ups form an excellent database for monitoring child and adolescent health and well-being in Finland. The challenges of utilizing register data are mainly caused by difficulties in data transfer from patient information systems resulting in insufficient data coverage. Publishing local-level reports on data coverage as well as on the results promotes data availability and quality while enabling evaluation of actions needed for promoting the health and welfare of children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Haapala
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Jääskeläinen
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Sundman
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Mäntymaa
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Nieminen
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Ruokokoski
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Peltomäki
- Monitoring of child and Adolescent Health and Well-Being, THL, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Johansson E, Böckerman P, Lundqvist A. Self-reported health versus biomarkers: does unemployment lead to worse health? Public Health 2020; 179:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Young adulthood is a pivotal period for many lifestyle factors becoming established and later affecting health. However, current knowledge on key lifestyle factors among young adults is limited. This study aimed to examine the lifestyle of Finnish young adults and the changes in their lifestyle between the years 2000 and 2017. Further, the accumulation of health promoting and endangering lifestyle factors was evaluated.
Methods
The study is based on nationally representative data on young adults (aged 18 − 29 years) from the Health 2000 Survey (n = 1894; 90% participated) and the FinHealth 2017 Study (n = 1162; 54% participated). Lifestyle factors were assessed in the interview and by questionnaires. The five key lifestyle factors (use of vegetables, smoking, physical activity, sleep and alcohol consumption) were dichotomized for the evaluation of the accumulation. Weighted prevalences were analyzed by logistic regression taking into account the sampling design and non-response.
Results
In 2017, 32% (95% CI 25, 41) and 52% (95% CI 45, 60) of young men and women used fresh vegetables daily, respectively. In men, the prevalence had decreased in 2017 compared to 2000 (p < 0.01). The prevalence of daily smoking had decreased (p < 0.01) being 11% in both sexes in 2017. In men, the prevalence of the daily use of snuff had increased from 3% (95% CI 2, 5) to 8% (95% CI 5, 14) in 2017 (p = 0.01). In both years, three out of four were physically active at leisure-time and nine out of ten slept at least six hours per day. In 2017, half of the young adults reached 4 to 5 (maximum) health promoting factors whereas 17% (95% CI 11, 24) of men and 12% (95% CI 8, 18) of women reached only 0 to 2.
Conclusions
There have been both favourable and unfavourable changes in the lifestyle of young adults during the last decades. The accumulation of health promoting and endangering lifestyle factors was observed indicating needs to versatilely prevent risks for major public health problems.
Key messages
Many health-endangering lifestyle factors are comparatively common in young adults. It is important to prevent the accumulation of health-endangering lifestyle factors in young adulthood to lower the risks for major public health problems in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jääskeläinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Borodulin
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Peters K, Lundqvist A, Tannergren C, Sjögren E, Sjöblom M, Lennernäs H. Evaluation of drug permeability calculation based on luminal disappearance and plasma appearance in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:31-37. [PMID: 31201856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model is commonly used to investigate gastrointestinal physiology and membrane drug transport. The SPIP model can be used with the intestinal segment inside or outside the abdomen. The rats can also be treated with parecoxib, a selective cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor that has been shown to affect some intestinal functions following abdominal surgery, such as motility, epithelial permeability, fluid flux and ion transport. However, the impact of extra-abdominal placement of the intestinal segment in combination with parecoxib on intestinal drug transport has not been investigated. There is also uncertainty how well intestinal permeability determinations based on luminal drug disappearance and plasma appearance correlate in the rat SPIP model. The main objective of this rat in vivo study was to investigate the effect of intra- vs. extra-abdominal SPIP, with and without, pretreatment with parecoxib. The effect was evaluated by determining the difference in blood-to-lumen 51Cr-EDTA clearance, lumen-to-blood permeability of a cassette-dose of four model compounds (atenolol, enalaprilat, ketoprofen, and metoprolol), and water flux. The second objective was to compare the jejunal permeability values of the model drugs when determined based on luminal disappearance or plasma appearance. The study showed that the placement of the perfused jejunal segment, or the treatment with parecoxib, had minimal effects on membrane permeability and water flux. It was also shown that intestinal permeability of low permeability compounds should be determined on the basis of data from plasma appearance rather than luminal disappearance. If permeability is calculated on the basis of luminal disappearance, it should preferably include negative values to increase the accuracy in the determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Peters
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - E Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Koponen P, Lundqvist A, Sääksjärvi K, Borodulin K, Sainio P, Palosaari T, Koskinen S. Significant educational differences in population health observed in the FinHealth 2017 Survey. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Koponen
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Borodulin
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Sainio
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institue for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Borodulin K, Koponen P, Lundqvist A, Sääksjärvi K, Tolonen H, Palosaari T, Koskinen S. Changes in key chronic disease risk factors in Finland 2011–2017. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Tolonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Palosaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Härkänen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Sääksjärvi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Sääksjärvi K, Koponen P, Tolonen H, Koskinen S, Lundqvist A, Kontto J, Borodulin K. How to increase participation in health examination surveys? Findings from the FinHealth 2017 Survey. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Sääksjärvi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Tolonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kontto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Lundqvist A, Tannergren C, Sjöblom M, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Time-dependent effects on small intestinal transport by absorption-modifying excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:19-28. [PMID: 30179738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for investigating in vivo time-dependent effects of absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) is not fully established. Therefore, the dynamic effect and recovery of the intestinal mucosa was evaluated based on the lumen-to-blood flux (Jabs) of six model compounds, and the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51Cr-EDTA (CLCr), during and after 15- and 60-min mucosal exposure of the AMEs, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and chitosan, in separate experiments. The contribution of enteric neurons on the effect of SDS and chitosan was also evaluated by luminal coadministration of the nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine. The increases in Jabs and CLCr (maximum and total) during the perfusion experiments were dependent on exposure time (15 and 60 min), and the concentration of SDS, but not chitosan. The increases in Jabs and CLCr following the 15-min intestinal exposure of both SDS and chitosan were greater than those reported from an in vivo rat intraintestinal bolus model. However, the effect in the bolus model could be predicted from the increase of Jabs at the end of the 15-min exposure period, where a six-fold increase in Jabs was required for a corresponding effect in the in vivo bolus model. This illustrates that a rapid and robust effect of the AME is crucial to increase the in vivo intestinal absorption rate before the yet unabsorbed drug in lumen has been transported distally in the intestine. Further, the recovery of the intestinal mucosa was complete following 15-min exposures of SDS and chitosan, but it only recovered 50% after the 60-min intestinal exposures. Our study also showed that the luminal exposure of AMEs affected the absorptive model drug transport more than the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, as Jabs for the drugs was more sensitive than CLCr at detecting dynamic mucosal AME effects, such as response rate and recovery. Finally, there appears to be no nicotinergic neural contribution to the absorption-enhancing effect of SDS and chitosan, as luminal administration of 0.1 mM mecamylamine had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - M Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Olofsson K, Carannante V, Ohlin M, Frisk T, Kushiro K, Takai M, Lundqvist A, Önfelt B, Wiklund M. Acoustic formation of multicellular tumor spheroids enabling on-chip functional and structural imaging. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2466-2476. [PMID: 30033460 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex 3D tumor microenvironment is important in cancer research. This microenvironment can be modelled in vitro by culturing multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Key challenges when using MCTS in applications such as high-throughput drug screening are overcoming imaging and analytical issues encountered during functional and structural investigations. To address these challenges, we use an ultrasonic standing wave (USW) based MCTS culture platform for parallel formation, staining and imaging of 100 whole MCTS. A protein repellent amphiphilic polymer coating enables flexible production of high quality and unanchored MCTS. This enables high-content multimode analysis based on flow cytometry and in situ optical microscopy. We use HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma, A498 and ACHN renal carcinoma, and LUTC-2 thyroid carcinoma cell lines to demonstrate (i) the importance of the ultrasound-coating combination, (ii) bright field image based automatic characterization of MTCS, (iii) detailed deep tissue confocal imaging of whole MCTS mounted in a refractive index matching solution, and (iv) single cell functional analysis through flow cytometry of single cell suspensions of disintegrated MTCS. The USW MCTS culture platform is customizable and holds great potential for detailed multimode MCTS analysis in a high-content manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Olofsson
- Dep.t of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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17
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Maharshak N, Ringel Y, Katibian D, Lundqvist A, Sartor RB, Carroll IM, Ringel-Kulka T. Fecal and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1890-1899. [PMID: 29777439 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Only a few studies have explored differences in the mucosa-associated microbiota between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC). AIMS To characterize and compare the microbiota in mucosal and fecal samples from carefully selected patients with IBS-D and HC. METHODS The cohort was composed of 23 diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients and 24 HC. Fresh stool samples were collected from participants prior to the collection of colonic mucosal samples from an unprepped bowel. After DNA extraction, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing and analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. RESULTS The fecal microbiota (luminal niche) of IBS-D patients was found to have reduced enteric richness compared to HC (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed between the two groups within the mucosal microbiota. Within the luminal niche, the relative proportions of Faecalibacterium genus were found to be lower in IBS-D than in HC and the Dorea genus was higher in IBS-D. None of the taxa proportions were significantly different in IBS-D patients versus HC using an FDR of ≤ 0.1 when analyzing samples that appeared in > 25% samples of either niche. CONCLUSION Fecal and mucosal microbiota of IBS-D patients and HC are very similar and are not sufficient to explain the reported altered physiology and symptomatology of IBS-D. Future studies should investigate intestinal microbiome-dependent functional activity in addition to the fecal and mucosal-associated microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Maharshak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7340 MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Bacteriotherapy Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ringel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7340 MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Affiliated with Tel Aviv University, 59 Tshernichovsky St., 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel.
| | - David Katibian
- Bacteriotherapy Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6 Weizmann St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ashley Lundqvist
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7340 MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7340 MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7309A MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ian M Carroll
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7340 MBRB Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tamar Ringel-Kulka
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 404A Rosenau, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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18
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Johansson P, Tannergren C, Lundqvist A, Langguth P, Sjöblom M, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. The effects of three absorption-modifying critical excipients on the in vivo intestinal absorption of six model compounds in rats and dogs. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:158-168. [PMID: 29758344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical excipients that may affect gastrointestinal (GI) drug absorption are called critical pharmaceutical excipients, or absorption-modifying excipients (AMEs) if they act by altering the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cell membrane. Some of these excipients increase intestinal permeability, and subsequently the absorption and bioavailability of the drug. This could have implications for both the assessment of bioequivalence and the efficacy of the absorption-enhancing drug delivery system. The absorption-enhancing effects of AMEs with different mechanisms (chitosan, sodium caprate, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) have previously been evaluated in the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. However, it remains unclear whether these SPIP data are predictive in a more in vivo like model. The same excipients were in this study evaluated in rat and dog intraintestinal bolus models. SDS and chitosan did exert an absorption-enhancing effect in both bolus models, but the effect was substantially lower than those observed in the rat SPIP model. This illustrates the complexity of the AME effects, and indicates that additional GI physiological factors need to be considered in their evaluation. We therefore recommend that AME evaluations obtained in transit-independent, preclinical permeability models (e.g. Ussing, SPIP) should be verified in animal models better able to predict in vivo relevant GI effects, at multiple excipient concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - P Langguth
- School of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Holmberg E, Sjöstedt J, Malinina E, Johansson M, Turkmen S, Ragagnin G, Lundqvist A, Löfgren M, Jaukkuri L, Bixo M, Bäckström T. Allopregnanolone involvement in feeding regulation, overeating and obesity. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 48:70-77. [PMID: 28694181 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with ill health, primarily caused by consumption of excessive calories, and promoted (inter alia) by gamma-amino-butyric-acid (GABA) stimulating food intake by activating GABAA receptors (primarily with α3 and α2 subunits) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. Allopregnanolone is a potent positive GABAA receptor modulating steroid (GAMS). As reviewed here, elevated allopregnanolone levels are associated with increases in food intake, preferences for energy-rich food, and obesity in humans and other mammals. In women with polycystic ovarian disease, high serum allopregnanolone concentrations are linked to uncontrolled eating, and perturbed sensitivity to allopregnanolone. Increases in weight during pregnancy also correlate with increases in allopregnanolone levels. Moreover, Prader-Willis syndrome is associated with massive overeating, absence of a GABAA receptor (with compensatory >12-, >5- and >1.5-fold increases in α4, γ2, and α1, α3 subunits), and increases in the α4, βx, δ receptor subtype, which is highly sensitive to allopregnanolone. GABA and positive GABA-A receptor modulating steroids like allopregnanolone stimulates food intake and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holmberg
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Sjöstedt
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Malinina
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Johansson
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Turkmen
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Ragagnin
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Lundqvist
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Löfgren
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Jaukkuri
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Bixo
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Bäckström
- Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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20
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Skogberg N, Laatikainen T, Lilja E, Lundqvist A, Koponen P. Which anthropometric measures best indicate the risk for type 2 diabetes among migrants in Finland? Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Skogberg
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Laatikainen
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Lilja
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Koponen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Skiöldebrand E, Ekman S, Mattsson Hultén L, Svala E, Björkman K, Lindahl A, Lundqvist A, Önnerfjord P, Sihlbom C, Rüetschi U. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein neoepitope in the synovial fluid of horses with acute lameness: A new biomarker for the early stages of osteoarthritis. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:662-667. [PMID: 28097685 PMCID: PMC5573946 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinical tools to diagnose the early changes of osteoarthritis (OA) that occur in the articular cartilage are lacking. Objectives We sought to identify and quantify a novel cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) neoepitope in the synovial fluid from the joints of healthy horses and those with different stages of OA. Study design In vitro quantitative proteomics and assay development with application in synovial fluids samples obtained from biobanks of well‐characterised horses. Methods Articular cartilage explants were incubated with or without interleukin‐1β for 25 days. Media were analysed via quantitative proteomics. Synovial fluid was obtained from either normal joints (n = 15) or joints causing lameness (n = 17) or with structural OA lesions (n = 7) and analysed for concentrations of the COMP neoepitope using a custom‐developed inhibition enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Explants were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies against COMP and the COMP neoepitopes. Results Semitryptic COMP peptides were identified and quantified in cell culture media from cartilage explants. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against the neoepitope of the N‐terminal portion of one COMP fragment (sequence SGPTHEGVC). An inhibition ELISA was developed to quantify the COMP neoepitope in synovial fluid. The mean concentration of the COMP neoepitope significantly increased in the synovial fluid from the joints responsible for acute lameness compared with normal joints and the joints of chronically lame horses and in joints with chronic structural OA. Immunolabelling for the COMP neoepitope revealed a pericellular staining in the interleukin‐1β‐stimulated explants. Main limitations The ELISA is based on polyclonal antisera rather than a monoclonal antibody. Conclusions The increase in the COMP neoepitope in the synovial fluid from horses with acute lameness suggests that this neoepitope has the potential to be a unique candidate biomarker for the early molecular changes in articular cartilage associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skiöldebrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Ekman
- Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Svala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Björkman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Önnerfjord
- Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - U Rüetschi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Boger E, Evans N, Chappell M, Lundqvist A, Ewing P, Wigenborg A, Fridén M. Systems Pharmacology Approach for Prediction of Pulmonary and Systemic Pharmacokinetics and Receptor Occupancy of Inhaled Drugs. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2016; 5:201-10. [PMID: 27104089 PMCID: PMC4834131 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug disposition after inhalation is complex involving mechanisms, such as regional drug deposition, dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. This study aimed to develop a systems pharmacology approach to mechanistically describe lung disposition in rats and thereby provide an integrated understanding of the system. When drug‐ and formulation‐specific properties for the poorly soluble drug fluticasone propionate were fed into the model, it proved predictive of the pharmacokinetics and receptor occupancy after intravenous administration and nose‐only inhalation. As the model clearly distinguishes among drug‐specific, formulation‐specific, and system‐specific properties, it was possible to identify key determinants of pulmonary selectivity of receptor occupancy of inhaled drugs: slow particle dissolution and slow drug‐receptor dissociation. Hence, it enables assessment of factors for lung targeting, including molecular properties, formulation, as well as the physiology of the animal species, thereby providing a general framework for rational drug design and facilitated translation of lung targeting from animal to man.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boger
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N Evans
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M Chappell
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - P Ewing
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - A Wigenborg
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M Fridén
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.,Translational PKPD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Zarrouk M, Lundqvist A, Holst J, Troëng T, Gottsäter A. Cost-effectiveness of Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Combination with Medical Intervention in Patients with Small Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:766-73. [PMID: 26952345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among 65 year old men has been proven cost-effective, but nowadays is conducted partly under new conditions. The prevalence of AAA has decreased, and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become the predominant surgical method for AAA repair in many centers. At the Malmö Vascular Center pharmacological secondary prevention with statins, antiplatelet therapy, and blood pressure reduction is initiated and given to all patients with AAA. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of AAA screening under the above mentioned conditions. METHODS This was a Markov cohort simulation. A total of 4,300 65 year old men were invited to annual AAA screening; the attendance rate was 78.3% and AAA prevalence was 1.8%. A Markov model with 11 health states was used to evaluate cost-effectiveness of AAA screening. Background data on rupture risks, costs, and effectiveness of surgical interventions were obtained from the participating unit, the national Swedvasc Registry, and from the scientific literature. RESULTS The additional costs of the screening strategy compared with no screening were €169 per person and year. The incremental health gain per subject in the screened cohort was 0.011 additional quality adjusted life years (QALYs), corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €15710 per QALY. Assuming a 10% reduction of all cause mortality, the incremental cost of screening was €175 per person and year. The gain per subject in the screened cohort was 0.013 additional QALYs, corresponding to an ICER of €13922 per QALY CONCLUSIONS: AAA screening remains cost-effective according to both the Swedish recommendations and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations in the new era of lower AAA prevalence, EVAR as the predominant surgical method, and secondary prevention for all AAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zarrouk
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - A Lundqvist
- Swedish Institute for Health Economics, IHE, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Holst
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Troëng
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Gottsäter
- Department of Vascular Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Ligtenberg MA, Witt K, Galvez-Cancino F, Sette A, Lundqvist A, Lladser A, Kiessling R. Cripto-1 vaccination elicits protective immunity against metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1128613. [PMID: 27467944 PMCID: PMC4910727 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1128613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a fatal disease that responds poorly to classical treatments but can be targeted by T cell-based immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines have the potential to generate long-lasting cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses able to eradicate established and disseminated tumors. Vaccination against antigens expressed by tumor cells with enhanced metastatic potential represents a highly attractive strategy to efficiently target deadly metastatic disease. Cripto-1 is frequently over-expressed in human carcinomas and melanomas, but is expressed only at low levels on normal differentiated tissues. Cripto-1 is particularly upregulated in cancer-initiating cells and is involved in cellular processes such as cell migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which are hallmarks of aggressive cancer cells able to initiate metastatic disease. Here, we explored the potential of Cripto-1 vaccination to target metastatic melanoma in a preclinical model. Cripto-1 was overexpressed in highly metastatic B16F10 cells as compared to poorly metastatic B16F1 cells. Moreover, B16F10 cells grown in sphere conditions to enrich for cancer stem cells (CSC) progressively upregulated cripto1 expression. Vaccination of C57Bl/6 mice with a DNA vaccine encoding mouse Cripto-1 elicited a readily detectable/strong cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response specific for a H-2 Kb-restricted epitope identified based on its ability to bind H-2b molecules. Remarkably, Cripto-1 vaccination elicited a protective response against lung metastasis and subcutaneous challenges with highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells. Our data indicate that vaccination against Cripto-1 represents a novel strategy to be tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ligtenberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Witt
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Galvez-Cancino
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida , Santiago, Chile
| | - A Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida , Santiago, Chile
| | - R Kiessling
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Bernabé E, Vehkalahti MM, Sheiham A, Lundqvist A, Suominen AL. The Shape of the Dose-Response Relationship between Sugars and Caries in Adults. J Dent Res 2015; 95:167-72. [PMID: 26553884 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515616572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is considered a diet-mediated disease, as sugars are essential in the caries process. However, some gaps in knowledge about the sugars-caries relationship still need addressing. This longitudinal study aimed to explore 1) the shape of the dose-response association between sugars intake and caries in adults, 2) the relative contribution of frequency and amount of sugars intake to caries levels, and 3) whether the association between sugars intake and caries varies by exposure to fluoride toothpaste. We used data from 1,702 dentate adults who participated in at least 2 of 3 surveys in Finland (Health 2000, 2004/05 Follow-up Study of Adults' Oral Health, and Health 2011). Frequency and amount of sugars intake were measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The DMFT index was the repeated outcome measure. Data were analyzed with fractional polynomials and linear mixed effects models. None of the 43 fractional polynomials tested provided a better fit to the data than the simpler linear model. In a mutually adjusted linear mixed effects model, the amount of, but not the frequency of, sugars intake was significantly associated with DMFT throughout the follow-up period. Furthermore, the longitudinal association between amount of sugars intake and DMFT was weaker in adults who used fluoride toothpaste daily than in those using it less often than daily. The findings of this longitudinal study among Finnish adults suggest a linear dose-response relationship between sugars and caries, with amount of intake being more important than frequency of ingestion. Also, daily use of fluoride toothpaste reduced but did not eliminate the association between amount of sugars intake and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bernabé
- King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's, King's College and St. Thomas' Hospitals, Division of Population and Patient Health, London, UK
| | - M M Vehkalahti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Sheiham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Lundqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A L Suominen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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26
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Metsälä J, Lundqvist A, Virta LJ, Kaila M, Gissler M, Virtanen SM. Prenatal and post-natal exposure to antibiotics and risk of asthma in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:137-45. [PMID: 24943808 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between post-natal exposure to antibiotics and the development of asthma is extensive, but inconsistent and even less is known about prenatal exposure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal and post-natal exposure to different antibiotics and the risk of childhood asthma in a population- and register-based nested case-control study. METHODS All children who were born in 1996-2004 in Finland and diagnosed with asthma by 2006 were identified from a national health register. For each case, one matched control was selected. Information on asthma diagnoses, purchased anti-asthmatic drugs and antibiotics as well as putative confounders was obtained from national health registries. The associations were analysed using conditional logistic regression for children diagnosed at the age of 3 years or later (n = 6 690 case-control pairs). RESULTS Maternal use of any antibiotics during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-1.42)]. Several maternal specific antibiotics were associated with the risk of asthma, and the strongest association was observed for cephalosporins [OR = 1.46 (95% CI 1.30-1.64)]. Child's use of antibiotics during the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of asthma [OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.48-1.73)]. Child's use of cephalosporins [OR = 1.79 (95% CI 1.59-2.01)], sulphonamides and trimethoprim [OR = 1.65 (95% CI 1.34-2.02)], macrolides [OR = 1.61 (95% CI 1.46-1.78)] and amoxicillin [OR = 1.46 (95% CI 1.35-1.58)] was associated with an increased risk of asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both prenatal and post-natal exposure to antibiotics was associated with an increased risk of asthma. The potential role of adverse effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and the development of asthma should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Metsälä
- Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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27
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Lundqvist A, Hultdin J, Stenlund H, Johansson I, Sandström H. OR039: Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Postpartum - A Longitudinal Study. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Davies G, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Giddaluru S, Hofer E, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Kirin M, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Le Hellard S, Liu T, Marioni RE, Oldmeadow C, Postmus I, Smith AV, Smith JA, Thalamuthu A, Thomson R, Vitart V, Wang J, Yu L, Zgaga L, Zhao W, Boxall R, Harris SE, Hill WD, Liewald DC, Luciano M, Adams H, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Assareh AA, Au R, Becker JT, Beiser A, Berr C, Bertram L, Boerwinkle E, Buckley BM, Campbell H, Corley J, De Jager PL, Dufouil C, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Faul JD, Ford I, Scotland G, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Heiss G, Hofman A, Holliday EG, Huffman J, Kardia SLR, Kochan N, Knopman DS, Kwok JB, Lambert JC, Lee T, Li G, Li SC, Loitfelder M, Lopez OL, Lundervold AJ, Lundqvist A, Mather KA, Mirza SS, Nyberg L, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Redmond P, Reppermund S, Rotter JI, Schmidt H, Schuur M, Schofield PW, Scott RJ, Steen VM, Stott DJ, van Swieten JC, Taylor KD, Trollor J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Weinstein G, Widen E, Windham BG, Jukema JW, Wright AF, Wright MJ, Yang Q, Amieva H, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, de Craen AJM, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Lindenberger U, Nilsson LG, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Sachdev PS, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Srikanth V, Starr JM, Turner ST, Weir DR, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Launer L, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Deary IJ. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949). Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:183-92. [PMID: 25644384 PMCID: PMC4356746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53,949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10(-9), MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10(-8), AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10(-9), APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10(-6)). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10(-17)). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Giddaluru
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C A Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S J van der Lee
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Thomson
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W D Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, Australia
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - A A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - J T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C Berr
- Inserm, U106, Montpellier, France,Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - L Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Dufouil
- Inserm U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France,Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Espeseth
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Glasgow, UK
| | - Generation Scotland
- Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - T Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S-C Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Loitfelder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Lundqvist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - B M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Schuur
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B G Windham
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Wright
- Neuroimaging Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Amieva
- Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - L-G Nilsson
- ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Srikanth
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania,Stroke and Ageing Research, Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A L Fitzpatrick
- Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - T H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK. E-mail:
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Lundqvist A, Vijil C, Hermansson C, Jeppsson A, Bergström G, Hultén LM. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase enzyme products increase platelet aggregation and thrombin generation. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mattsson Hultén L, Lundqvist A, Karlsson M, Skålén K, Wiklund O, Magnusson L. 48 INHIBITION OF ALOX15B REDUCES INFLAMMATION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-PRONE MICE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lundqvist A, Alinder J, Alm H, Gerdle B, Levander S, Rönnberg J. Neuropsychological Aspects of Driving After Brain Lesion: Simulator Study and On-Road Driving. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:220-30. [PMID: 16318471 DOI: 10.1207/s15324826an0404_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine patients with brain lesion and 29 matched controls participated in the study. The patients were socially well recovered with a high rate of employment. Compared with the controls, they performed significantly worse on a neuropsychological test battery, especially on executive and cognitive functions. Patients drove as well as controls in predictable situations in the advanced simulator used. In unpredictable situations, they demonstrated longer reaction times and safety margins, as well as difficulties in allocating processing resources to a secondary task. The patients showed significantly less attention, worse traffic behavior, and less risk awareness when driving in real traffic. Forty-one percent of the patients did not pass the driving test. The neuropsychological test battery was factor analyzed into four factors: executive capacity, cognitive capacity, automatic attentional capacity, and simple perceptual-motor capacity. The second factor was the mast significant with a simultaneous capacity test predicting driving performance with 78% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
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Abstract
Recently there has been a substantial gain in our understanding of the role NK-cells play in mediating innate host immune responses. Although NK cells have long been known to mediate antigen independent tumor cytotoxicity, the therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has yet to be realized. Manipulating the balance between inhibitory and activating NK receptor signals, sensitization of tumor target cells to NK cell-mediated apoptosis, and recent discoveries in NK-cell receptor biology have fueled translational research that has led to clinical trials investigating a number of novel methods to potentiate NK cytotoxicity against human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srivastava
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Yong A, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Eniafe R, Savani B, Berg M, Lundqvist A, Adams S, Sloand E, Goldman J, Childs R, Barrett A. Bortezomib Treatment Of Primitive Quiescent CD34+ Cell S In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Enhances Targeting By In Vitro Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cell S. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ramanathan M, Lundqvist A, Yokoyama H, Smith A, Childs R. Natural Killer (NK) Cells Are Resistant to the Apoptotic Effects of Corticosteroids Compared to T Cells: Implications for Adoptive NK Cell Therapy Following Allogeneic HCT. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lundqvist U, Meyer J, Lundqvist A. Mutagen specificity for 71 lines resistant to barley powdery mildew race D1 and isolated in four highbred barley varieties. Hereditas 2008; 115:227-39. [PMID: 1816167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1992.tb00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for practically valuable mutant genes conferring resistance to barley powdery mildew applied a screening system where four commercial varieties of barley without known genes for resistance were tested to the successful mildew race D1. Ionizing radiations and chemicals were used as mutagens. Among the 71 resistant lines isolated, 28 were recessive and belonging to locus ml-o, and 43 were dominant. In tests to a panel of 30 different races of barley powdery mildew, 27 among the dominant lines showed resistance spectra similar or identical to those characterizing 7 previously known genes. The remaining 16 lines formed 12 groups displaying new spectra of resistance to the panel of mildew races. Taking the frequency of recessive mutations in locus ml-o as a standard, ionizing radiations were significantly more efficient mutagens for producing dominant resistance to mildew. In spite of some possible sources of contaminant dominant resistance genes, the evidence points at a vast majority of the isolated lines representing genuine dominant mutations. Being produced in a single mutational step, such dominant genes for resistance offer evidence of having a regulatory function, regulating aspects of the host metabolism of importance for or interfering with the pathogen development.
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Abstract
After treatments with ionizing radiations and chemicals in the commercial barley varieties 'Bonus', 'Mari', 'Pallas', and 'Kristina', 43 lines with dominant resistance to the mildew race D1 were isolated, 34 in infection tests on M3 seedlings from M2 spikes, and 9 as resistant M2 seedlings from M1 spikes. Genetical analyses of these dominant resistant lines included crosses to susceptible material, crosses to the ml-o variety 'Refoma', crosses among the lines, crosses to sources of known dominant resistance genes, and tests to a panel of 30 different races of barley powdery mildew. In the panel tests, 27 among the lines showed resistance spectra similar or identical to Ml-a7, Ml-a9, Ml-a12, Ml-a13, Ml-a3 + Tu2 in Sv 57/510-44, Ml-g, and Ml-(La), whereas the remaining 16 lines formed 12 groups showing new spectra of resistance. The genetical analyses of F2 and F3 data from crosses indicate that the majority of the 43 lines are due to a restricted chromosomal segment in or close to the Ml-a region. There is ample evidence that the vast majority of the isolated dominant lines represent genuine mutations. Mutation breeding is suggested to offer a convenient way to introduce into the genome a tightly linked new dominant resistance gene, and so to create complex building-stones for further use in conventional combination breeding.
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Lundqvist A, Childs R. 71: Adoptive Infusion of Donor NK Cells Reduces GVHD in Recipients of T-cell Depleted and T-cell Replete Allogeneic MHC-Matched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Srivastava S, Lundqvist A, Berg M, Yokoyama H, Smith A, McCoy J, Childs R. 111: Lenalidomide Directly Upregulates NK (Natural Killer) Cell Trail and Granzyme B Expression: Implications for Adoptive NK Cell Immunotherapy following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yokoyama H, Berg M, Lundqvist A, McCoy J, Srivastava S, Smith A, Childs R. 390: Cyclosporine a (CSA) Significantly Reduces the Cytotoxic Effects of in vitro Expanded NK Cells: Implications for Adoptive NK Cell Therapy in the Setting of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HCT) Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the proinflammatory and T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine responses during acute parvovirus B19 (B19) infection and determine whether an imbalance of the Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern is related to persistent B19 infection. Cytokines were quantified by multiplex beads immunoassay in serum from B19-infected patients and controls. The cytokine responses were correlated with B19 serology, quantitative B19 DNA levels and clinical symptoms. In addition to a proinflammatory response, elevated levels of the Th1 type of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 and IL-15 were evident at time of the initial peak of B19 viral load in a few patients during acute infection. This pattern was seen in the absence of an interferon (IFN)-gamma response. During follow-up (20-130 weeks post-acute infection) some of these patients had a sustained Th1 cytokine response. The Th1 cytokine response correlated with the previously identified sustained CD8+ T cell response and viraemia. A cross-sectional study on patients with persistent B19 infection showed no apparent imbalance of their cytokine pattern, except for an elevated level of IFN-gamma response. No general immunodeficiency was diagnosed as an explanation for the viral persistence in this later group. Neither the acutely infected nor the persistently infected patients demonstrated a Th2 cytokine response. In conclusion, the acutely infected patients demonstrated a sustained Th1 cytokine response whereas the persistently infected patients did not exhibit an apparent imbalance of their cytokine pattern except for an elevated IFN-gamma response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Isa
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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Srinivasan R, Balow JE, Sabnis S, Lundqvist A, Igarashi T, Takahashi Y, Austin H, Tisdale J, Barrett J, Srivastava S, Savani B, Geller N, Childs R. Nephrotic syndrome associated with thrombotic microangiopathy following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome ? response to Nakamura et al. Br J Haematol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Srinivasan R, Balow JE, Sabnis S, Lundqvist A, Igarashi T, Takahashi Y, Austin H, Tisdale J, Barrett J, Geller N, Childs R. Nephrotic syndrome: an under-recognised immune-mediated complication of non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2005; 131:74-9. [PMID: 16173966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an extremely rare complication of myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that usually occurs in association with chronic graft-versus-host disease (C-GVHD). We observed an unexpectedly high incidence of NS in a cohort of 163 consecutive patients undergoing non-myeloablative HCT from a related human leucocyte antigen-compatible donor. Seven patients developed NS at a median 318 d post-transplant (range 119-1203 d; cumulative incidence 6.1%). The median age at onset of NS was 46 years (range 33-59 years); three of the seven patients had no evidence of C-GVHD while four had accompanying limited C-GVHD. At diagnosis, median proteinuria was 16.5 g/24 h (range 3-24 g/24 h). Renal biopsy was performed in four cases and revealed membranous nephropathy. NS was not always associated with other symptoms of C-GVHD, and in contrast to previous reports, usually did not improve with the re-initiation of aggressive immunosuppression, resulting in progressive renal failure necessitating dialysis in three of seven cases. Membranous nephropathy resulting in NS is a previously unrecognised and clinically significant complication of non-myeloablative HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivasan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-1652, USA
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Tobiásová-Czetoová Z, Palmborg A, Lundqvist A, Karlsson G, Adamson L, Bartůnková J, Masucci G, Pisa P. Effects of human plasma proteins on maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Immunol Lett 2005; 100:113-9. [PMID: 16154491 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a promising tool for vaccine therapy due to their unique properties as antigen presenting cells and their ability to prime naïve T cells. Increasing evidence suggests that maturation stage of DC critically influences the fate of the immune response. Generation of monocyte-derived DC for clinically applicable immunotherapy requires the use of well-defined components and stringent culture conditions. An alternative strategy is to use human autologous serum. However, its constituents are not stable and reflect the inflammatory condition of the donor. In order to investigate whether DC properties are influenced by proteins present in the plasma, we matured human monocyte-derived DC with four main plasma components: fibrinogen, fibronectin, plasminogen or C-reactive protein. These purified proteins were added at various concentrations on day 6 after the initial differentiation induced by IL-4 and GM-CSF. The maturation was assessed by phenotyping of maturation-associated marker (CD83) and co-stimulatory molecule CD86 as well as IL-12 production. Functional properties of DC were assessed by endocytic activity and mixed leukocyte culture. Our results indicate that fibrinogen had DC-maturation effect comparable to poly-I:C, TNF-alpha and PGE(2) as a positive control, but it failed to induce IL-12 production. The other plasma proteins had no effect on DC maturation. CRP at high concentration had rather inhibitory effect on DC induced lymphocyte function. We conclude that none of the tested plasma components and acute phase proteins sufficiently induce fully competent mature DC. This finding is important for the preparation of human DC-based vaccines supplemented by autologous sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tobiásová-Czetoová
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 156 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Griffith LM, McCoy JP, Bolan CD, Stroncek DF, Pickett AC, Linton GF, Lundqvist A, Srinivasan R, Leitman SF, Childs RW. Persistence of recipient plasma cells and anti-donor isohaemagglutinins in patients with delayed donor erythropoiesis after major ABO incompatible non-myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2005; 128:668-75. [PMID: 15725089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Delayed donor erythropoiesis and pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) complicate major-ABO mismatched non-myeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. To characterize these events, we analysed red-cell serology and chimaerism in lymphohaematopoietic lineages, including plasma cells and B cells, in 12 consecutive major-ABO incompatible transplants following cyclophosphamide/fludarabine-based conditioning. Donor erythropoiesis was delayed to more than 100 days in nine (75%) patients including six (50%) who developed PRCA. During PRCA, all patients had persistent anti-donor isohaemagglutinins and recipient plasma cells (5-42%), while myeloid and T cells were completely donor in origin. In contrast, B-cell chimaerism was frequently full-donor when significant anti-donor isohaemagglutinins persisted. Four patients with early mixed haematopoietic chimaerism and the prolonged presence of anti-donor isohaemagglutinins and recipient plasma cells developed delayed-onset (>100 days post-transplant) red cell transfusion dependence and PRCA after myeloid chimaerism converted from mixed to full donor. These findings confirm that donor-erythropoiesis is impacted by temporal disparities in donor immune-mediated eradication of recipient lymphohaematopoietic cells during major-ABO incompatibility and suggest that plasma cells are relatively resistant to graft-versus-host haematopoietic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Griffith
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1652, USA
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Pavlenko M, Roos AK, Lundqvist A, Palmborg A, Miller AM, Ozenci V, Bergman B, Egevad L, Hellström M, Kiessling R, Masucci G, Wersäll P, Nilsson S, Pisa P. A phase I trial of DNA vaccination with a plasmid expressing prostate-specific antigen in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:688-94. [PMID: 15280930 PMCID: PMC2364780 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease secreted at low levels by normal luminal epithelial cells of the prostate and in significantly higher levels by prostate cancer cells. Therefore, PSA is a potential target for various immunotherapeutical approaches against prostate cancer. DNA vaccination has been investigated as immunotherapy for infectious diseases in patients and for specific treatment of cancer in certain animal models. In animal studies, we have demonstrated that vaccination with plasmid vector pVAX/PSA results in PSA-specific cellular response and protection against tumour challenge. The purpose of the trial was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and biological efficacy of pVAX/PSA vaccine in the clinic. A phase I trial of pVAX/PSA, together with cytokine granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Molgramostim) and IL-2 (Aldesleukin) as vaccine adjuvants, was carried out in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. To evaluate the biologically active dose, the vaccine was administered during five cycles in doses of 100, 300 and 900 μg, with three patients in each cohort. Eight patients were evaluable. A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-γ production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest dose cohort. A decrease in the slope of PSA was observed in the two patients exhibiting IFN-γ production to PSA. No adverse effects (WHO grade >2) were observed in any dose cohort. We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in doses of 900 μg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pavlenko
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A-K Roos
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Lundqvist
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Palmborg
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M Miller
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Ozenci
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Bergman
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Egevad
- Department of Pathology, 171 76 Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hellström
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Kiessling
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Masucci
- Department of Oncology, 171 76 Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Wersäll
- Department of Oncology, 171 76 Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Nilsson
- Department of Oncology, 171 76 Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Pisa
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, R8:01, Karolinska Institute, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, 171 76 Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Immune and Gene Therapy, Karolinska Hospital S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
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Adamson L, Palmborg A, Svensson A, Lundqvist A, Hansson M, Kiessling R, Masucci G, Mellstedt H, Pisa P. Development of a technology platform for large-scale clinical grade production of DC. Cytotherapy 2004; 6:363-71. [PMID: 16146889 DOI: 10.1080/14653240410004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies require protocols where a sufficient number of well-characterized highly immunogenic DC are produced according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. METHODS In the present study, using leukapheresis products from 10 cancer patients, we validated an elutriation technology for large-scale clinical grade production of monocyte-derived DC. RESULTS The elutriation method gave a very high purity (mean+/-SD) (86+/-5.3%) and recovery (66+/-10.4%) of monocytes. Specifically for the two monocyte-rich fractions (3 and 4,) the recovery was 42+/-13% of viable cells that could be further differentiated into immature DC in hydrophobic culture bags using GM-CSF and IL-4. The immature DC exhibited<1% CD83+ expression and >98% phagocytic activity. Maturation with TNF-alpha or poly I:C resulted in DC with expression of CD80+, CD86+ and HLA-DR+ (>99%) and CD83+ (80+/-11.9%), as well as producing IL-12p70 and lacking phagocytic activity (<5%). This cell product can be cryopreserved with cell viability >85% and cell recovery >80% after thawing. DISCUSSION The elutriation procedure, when optimized and if the monocyte content of the starting material exceeds 5%, does not require further selection or depletion using affinity approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Adamson
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Oncology & Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska Karolinska Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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Salazar-Onfray F, López M, Lundqvist A, Aguirre A, Escobar A, Serrano A, Korenblit C, Petersson M, Chhajlani V, Larsson O, Kiessling R. Tissue distribution and differential expression of melanocortin 1 receptor, a malignant melanoma marker. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:414-22. [PMID: 12177778 PMCID: PMC2376124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2001] [Revised: 03/11/2002] [Accepted: 05/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor, described to be expressed on melanomas and melanocytes. Subsequent RT-PCR studies demonstrated the presence of melanocortin 1 receptor mRNA in other tissues such as pituitary gland and testis. Previously, we have demonstrated that three HLA-A2 binding nonamer peptides derived from melanocortin 1 receptor can elicit peptide-specific CTL which can recognize target cells transfected with the melanocortin 1 receptor gene and MHC class I matched melanoma lines. The potential of targeting melanocortin 1 receptor in therapy and diagnosis will depend on a preferential expression of this receptor in the majority of primary and metastatic melanomas vs normal tissues. We tested a panel of melanomas, carcinomas and other cell lines for the presence of melanocortin 1 receptor, using two monoclonal antibodies. The receptor was detected in 83% of the tested melanoma cell lines but not in other carcinoma lines. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong expression of melanocortin 1 receptor in all tested primary and metastatic melanomas, but also demonstrated low levels of expression in adrenal medulla, cerebellum, liver and keratinocytes. Flow cytometry studies showed that melanocortin 1 receptor was expressed in in vitro activated monocytes/macrophages and in the THP-1 monocytic leukaemia line at levels of about 1 in 3 to 1 in 5 of that found in melanomas. Peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells, also express melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro. This extensive analysis of melanocortin 1 receptor tissue distribution may be of relevance not only for melanoma immunology, but also for research on the pathogenicity of inflammatory conditions in the skin and neurologic tissues. It remains to be seen if the over-expression of melanocortin 1 receptor in melanomas is sufficiently high to allow a 'therapeutic window' to be exploited in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Brain injury often causes impairments of cognitive functions, which may affect driving performance. The question of whether the brain-injured patient can resume car driving or not generally comes up during rehabilitation. The medical clinical examination, covering neurological status, screening of cognitive functions, and affective state, is insufficient in assessing relevant functions required for driving performance. A neuropsychological assessment and a driving test are additional parts of the driving assessment besides the medical examination. In this paper, neuropsychological test results and driving test results from four patients with brain injury are presented. The paper demonstrates the complementary value of neuropsychological assessment and a driving test: the relevance of cognitive factors for interpretation of driving problems, but also the relevance of a driving test to show compensatory capacity in some drivers with brain injury. Thus, collaboration between medical, neuropsychological and driving expertise can promote and deepen the total assessment of driving performance after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185, Sweden.
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Lundqvist A, Lundahl P. Advantages of quantitative affinity chromatography for the analysis of solute interaction with membrane proteins. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 2001; 49:507-21. [PMID: 11694298 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of membrane proteins as chromatographic stationary phases for the quantitation of biospecific interaction between the proteins and solutes is reviewed. This method is one among the few where a membrane protein is immobilized for repeated analyses of solute binding. To our knowledge, five transmembrane proteins have been immobilized in chromatographic matrices: the glucose and nucleoside transporters from human red blood cells, the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain and a recombinant P-glycoprotein. Proteoliposomes and membrane vesicles have thereby been entrapped in size-exclusion beads, such as Superdex 200, and membrane proteins have been adsorbed on 'immobilized artificial membrane' monolayers of lipid analogs grafted to silica beads. Encouragingly, immobilized glucose transporter and P-glycoprotein showed constant interactant affinities for months. Analysis is done in the frontal mode at equilibrium because there is no separation between bound and free ligand. Both the affinity constant, which generally coincides with the corresponding constant determined by use of nonchromatographic methods, and the amount of active binding sites are obtained. The method has been successfully applied to functional analysis of membrane proteins in cells or reconstituted in lipid mono- or bilayers, screening of low-molecular interactants, investigation of protein-protein interaction and studies of effects of physico-chemical parameters on solute-protein interaction. The analyses require sensitive detection of the analyte and matching between amount of binding sites and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- Molecular Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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