1
|
Irwin RE, Scullion C, Thursby SJ, Sun M, Thakur A, Hilman L, Callaghan B, Thompson PD, McKenna DJ, Rothbart SB, Xu G, Walsh CP. The UHRF1 protein is a key regulator of retrotransposable elements and innate immune response to viral RNA in human cells. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2216005. [PMID: 37246786 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2216005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification are known to be important for gene suppression, relatively little is still understood about the interplay between these systems. The UHRF1 protein can interact with both DNA methylation and repressive chromatin marks, but its primary function in humans has been unclear. To determine what that was, we first established stable UHRF1 knockdowns (KD) in normal, immortalized human fibroblasts using targeting shRNA, since CRISPR knockouts (KO) were lethal. Although these showed a loss of DNA methylation across the whole genome, transcriptional changes were dominated by the activation of genes involved in innate immune signalling, consistent with the presence of viral RNA from retrotransposable elements (REs). We confirmed using mechanistic approaches that 1) REs were demethylated and transcriptionally activated; 2) this was accompanied by activation of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes and 3) the pathway was conserved across other adult cell types. Restoring UHRF1 in either transient or stable KD systems could abrogate RE reactivation and the interferon response. Notably, UHRF1 itself could also re-impose RE suppression independent of DNA methylation, but not if the protein contained point mutations affecting histone 3 with trimethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me3) binding. Our results therefore show for the first time that UHRF1 can act as a key regulator of retrotransposon silencing independent of DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - C Scullion
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Precision Nanosystems Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S J Thursby
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - M Sun
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Division of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Thakur
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - L Hilman
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - B Callaghan
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - P D Thompson
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - D J McKenna
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - S B Rothbart
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Division of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C P Walsh
- Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Callaghan B, Mainie I. RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION AND ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL IN TREATMENT OF EARLY NEOPLASTIC BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUS. Ulster Med J 2018; 87:71. [PMID: 29588566 PMCID: PMC5849966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Callaghan
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AD
| | - I Mainie
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AD
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naitou K, Mamerto TP, Pustovit RV, Callaghan B, Rivera LR, Chan AJ, Ringuet MT, Pietra C, Furness JB. Site and mechanism of the colokinetic action of the ghrelin receptor agonist, HM01. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1764-71. [PMID: 26416336 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been recently demonstrated that the ghrelin receptor agonist, HM01, caused defecation in rats that were treated to provide a model for the constipation of Parkinson's disease. HM01 significantly increased fecal output and increased Fos activity in neurons of the hypothalamus and hindbrain, but not in the spinal defecation center. Other ghrelin agonists act on the defecation center. METHODS Receptor pharmacology was examined in ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) transfected cells. Anesthetized rats were used to investigate sites and mechanisms of action. KEY RESULTS HM01 activated rat GHSR1a at nanomolar concentrations and was antagonized by the GHSR1a antagonist, YIL781. HM01, intravenous, was potent to activate propulsive colorectal contractions. This was prevented by pelvic nerve section and by intravenous YIL781, but not by spinal cord section rostral to the defecation centers. Direct intrathecal application of HM01 to the defecation center at spinal level L6-S1 initiated propulsive contractions of the colorectum. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES HM01 stimulates GHSR1a receptors on neurons in the lumbosacral defecation centers to cause propulsive contractions and emptying of the colorectum. It has greater potency when given systemically, compared with other GHSR1a agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Naitou
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Physiology, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - T P Mamerto
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R V Pustovit
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - B Callaghan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - L R Rivera
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A J Chan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M T Ringuet
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C Pietra
- Helsinn Research and Preclinical Department, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - J B Furness
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pustovit RV, Callaghan B, Kosari S, Rivera LR, Thomas H, Brock JA, Furness JB. The mechanism of enhanced defecation caused by the ghrelin receptor agonist, ulimorelin. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:264-71. [PMID: 24304447 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery of adequate pharmacological treatments for constipation has proven elusive. Increased numbers of bowel movements were reported as a side-effect of ulimorelin treatment of gastroparesis, but there has been no investigation of the site of action. METHODS Anesthetized rats were used to investigate sites and mechanisms of action of ulimorelin. KEY RESULTS Intravenous ulimorelin (1-5 mg/kg) caused a substantial and prolonged (~1 h) increase in colorectal propulsive activity and expulsion of colonic contents. This was prevented by cutting the nerves emerging from the lumbosacral cord, by the nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium and by antagonists of the ghrelin receptor. The effect of intravenous ulimorelin was mimicked by direct application of ulimorelin (5 μg) to the lumbosacral spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Ulimorelin is a potent prokinetic that causes propulsive contractions of the colorectum by activating ghrelin receptors of the lumbosacral defecation centers. Its effects are long-lasting, in contrast with other colokinetics that target ghrelin receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V Pustovit
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kompella S, van Lierop B, Robinson S, Belgi A, Callaghan B, Hung A, MacRaild C, Norton R, Robinson A, Adams D. Dicarba modification of α-conotoxin RgIA conferring selectivity towards α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
McTaggart A, Shivas R, Geering A, Callaghan B, Vánky K, Scharaschkin T. Soral synapomorphies are significant for the systematics of the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex (Ustilaginaceae). Persoonia 2012; 29:63-77. [PMID: 23606766 PMCID: PMC3589796 DOI: 10.3767/003158512x660562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genera Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces are a polyphyletic complex of plant pathogenic fungi. The four main morphological characters used to define these genera have been considered homoplasious and not useful for resolving the complex. This study re-evaluates character homology and discusses the use of these characters for defining monophyletic groups recovered from a reconstructed phylogeny using four nuclear loci. Generic delimitation of smut fungi based on their hosts is also discussed as a means for identifying genera within this group. Morphological characters and host specificity can be used to circumscribe genera within the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. McTaggart
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: .
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- EEBS, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: .
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - A.D.W. Geering
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: .
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - B. Callaghan
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - K. Vánky
- Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (HUV), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. Scharaschkin
- Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: .
- EEBS, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kerber K, Meurer W, Brown D, Lisabeth L, Callaghan B, Fendrick AM, Morgenstern L. The Use of the Dix-Hallpike Test and the Canalith Repositioning Maneuver in Emergency Department Dizziness Presentations: A Population-Based Study (P02.250). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
8
|
Callaghan B, Dietzgen RG. Nucleocapsid gene variability reveals two subgroups of Lettuce necrotic yellows virus. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1661-7. [PMID: 15824884 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleocapsid (N) genes of eight Australian isolates of Lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences revealed two distinct subgroups of LNYV isolates. Nucleotide sequences within each subgroup were more than 96% identical but heterogeneity between groups was about 20% at the nucleotide sequence level. However, less than 4% heterogeneity was noted at the amino acid level, indicating mostly third nucleotide position changes and a strong conservation for N protein function. There was no obvious geographical or temporal separation of the subgroups in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Callaghan
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
This study investigated regulation of L-type calcium channels (Cav1.2b) by acetylcholine (ACh) in rabbit portal vein myocytes. Whole-cell currents were recorded using 5 mmol/L barium as charge carrier. ACh (10 μmol/L) increased peak currents by 40%. This effect was not reversed by the selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (100 nmol/L) but was blocked by the M2 receptor antagonist methoctramine (5 μmol/L). The classical and novel protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist calphostin C (50 nmol/L) abolished ACh responses, whereas the classical PKC antagonist Gö6976 (200 nmol/L) had no effect. ACh responses were also abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (20 μmol/L), by the c-Src inhibitor PP2 (10 μmol/L) (but not the inactive analogue PP3), and by dialyzing cells with an antibody to the G-protein subunit Gβγ. Cells dialyzed with c-Src had significantly greater currents than control cells. Current enhancement persisted in the presence of LY294002, suggesting that c-Src is downstream of PI3K. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 0.1 μmol/L) increased currents by 74%. This effect was abolished by calphostin C and reduced by Gö6976. The PDBu response was also reduced by PP2, and the PP2-insensitive component was blocked by Gö6976. In summary, these data suggest that ACh enhances Cav1.2b currents via M2 receptors that couple sequentially to Gβγ, PI3K, a novel PKC, and c-Src. PDBu stimulates the novel PKC/c-Src pathway along with a second pathway that is independent of c-Src and involves a classical PKC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Barium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/physiology
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Chromones/pharmacology
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
- Diamines/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/antagonists & inhibitors
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/physiology
- GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits/antagonists & inhibitors
- GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits/physiology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Ion Channel Gating/drug effects
- Ion Channel Gating/physiology
- Ion Transport/drug effects
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Male
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Muscarinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Portal Vein/cytology
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/physiology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/agonists
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/physiology
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Callaghan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edwards A, Stevens M, Holgate S, Iikura Y, Aberg N, König P, Reinhardt D, Stenius-Aarniala B, Warner J, Weinberg E, Callaghan B, Howell J. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate in children with asthma. Thorax 2002; 57:282. [PMID: 11867840 PMCID: PMC1746283 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.57.3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
Edwards A, Holgate S, Howell J, Warner J, Stevens M, Aberg N, Callaghan B, Ikura Y, König P, Reinhardt D, Stenius-Aarniala B, Weinberg E. Sodium cromoglycate in childhood asthma. Thorax 2001; 56:331-2. [PMID: 11288742 PMCID: PMC1746024 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.56.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Tirasophon W, Lee K, Callaghan B, Welihinda A, Kaufman RJ. The endoribonuclease activity of mammalian IRE1 autoregulates its mRNA and is required for the unfolded protein response. Genes Dev 2000; 14:2725-36. [PMID: 11069889 PMCID: PMC317029 DOI: 10.1101/gad.839400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction pathway that is activated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the ER transmembrane receptor, Ire1p, transmits the signal to the nucleus culminating in the transcriptional activation of genes encoding an adaptive response. Yeast Ire1p requires both protein kinase and site-specific endoribonuclease (RNase) activities to signal the UPR. In mammalian cells, two homologs, Ire1 alpha and Ire1 beta, are implicated in signaling the UPR. To elucidate the RNase requirement for mammalian Ire1 function, we have identified five amino acid residues within IRE1 alpha that are essential for RNase activity but not kinase activity. These mutants were used to demonstrate that the RNase activity is required for UPR activation by IRE1 alpha and IRE1 beta. In addition, the data support that IRE1 RNase is activated by dimerization-induced trans-autophosphorylation and requires a homodimer of catalytically functional RNase domains. Finally, the RNase activity of wild-type IRE1 alpha down-regulates hIre1 alpha mRNA expression by a novel mechanism involving cis-mediated IRE1 alpha-dependent cleavage at three specific sites within the 5' end of Ire1 alpha mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Tirasophon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0650, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Epperson A, Hatton WJ, Callaghan B, Doherty P, Walker RL, Sanders KM, Ward SM, Horowitz B. Molecular markers expressed in cultured and freshly isolated interstitial cells of Cajal. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000; 279:C529-39. [PMID: 10913020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.2.c529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Located within the tunica muscularis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are networks of cells known as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). ICC are critical for important basic functions of GI motility such as generation and propagation of slow-wave pacemaker activity and reception of regulatory inputs from the enteric nervous system. We have developed a novel procedure to identify and isolate individual ICC from freshly dispersed cell preparations of the murine small intestine and gastric fundus and to determine differential transcriptional expression We have compared the expression profiles of pacemaker ICC isolated from the murine small intestine (IC-MY) and ICC involved in neurotransmission from the gastric fundus (IC-IM). We have also compared expression profiles between ICC and smooth muscle cells (SMC) and between freshly isolated ICC and cultured ICC. Cultured ICC express smooth muscle myosin, whereas freshly dispersed ICC do not. All cell types express muscarinic receptor types M(2) and M(3), neurokinin receptors NK(1) and NK(3), and inhibitory receptor VIP-1, whereas only cultured ICC and SMC express VIP-2. Both cultured and freshly dispersed IC-IM and IC-MY express the soluble form of stem cell factor, whereas SMC from the gastric fundus express only the membrane-bound form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Epperson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Callaghan B, Teo NC, Clancy L. Effects of the addition of nedocromil sodium to maintenance bronchodilator therapy in the management of chronic asthma. Chest 1992; 101:787-92. [PMID: 1311666 DOI: 10.1378/chest.101.3.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of nedocromil sodium metered dose aerosol as an adjunct to sustained-released theophylline therapy in adult theophylline-dependent asthma patients and to examine the ability of nedocromil sodium to substitute for theophylline. DESIGN Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group study. Two-week baseline, eight-week treatment period. SETTING Out-Patient Clinic. PATIENTS Sequential sample of 35 adult chronic asthmatic patients maintained on a regimen of sustained-release theophylline (dose range, 400 to 800 mg daily) and on-demand inhaled beta 2-bronchodilators. All patients completed the study. INTERVENTIONS 2 x 2-mg nedocromil sodium metered dose aerosol twice daily or matching placebo randomly allocated after two-week baseline. Theophylline dose reduced by half or one third after four weeks of test treatments, then stopped for final two weeks. Use of inhaled beta 2-bronchodilators permitted throughout trial period. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The following results were in favor (statistically significant findings, p less than 0.05) of nedocromil sodium compared with placebo: all diary card efficacy variables (nighttime asthma, morning tightness, daytime asthma, cough, twice daily peak expiratory flow [PEF], inhaled beta 2 use) during all periods of assessment (weeks 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 6, and 7 to 8) with the exception of cough and nighttime beta 2 use during weeks 1 to 2; patient and clinician opinion of treatment efficacy (end of weeks 4 and 8); ability to reduce the theophylline dose; clinician assessment of asthma severity at the end of the study, and clinic FEV1 at weeks 4, 5, 6, and 8. One placebo-treated patient reported transient moderately severe nausea and taste loss. No clinically significant changes were seen in the laboratory data. CONCLUSION Nedocromil sodium, 4 mg twice daily, conferred significant benefit when added to sustained-release theophylline therapy. The results suggest that nedocromil sodium may permit a reduction in theophylline dosage and possibly substitute for theophylline in previously dependent patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Callaghan
- Peamount Hospital, Newcastle, County Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manning P, Murphy E, Clancy L, Callaghan B. Asthma mortality in the Republic of Ireland 1970-84 and an analysis of hospital deaths in a single year. Ir Med J 1987; 80:406-9. [PMID: 3436777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
17
|
Murphy E, Hannon D, Callaghan B. Ketoconazole--theophylline interaction. Ir Med J 1987; 80:123-4. [PMID: 3597030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Burke CM, Harte M, Duncan J, Connolly HM, Horgan JH, Theodore J, Callaghan B. Captopril and domiciliary oxygen in chronic airflow obstruction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290:1251. [PMID: 3921177 PMCID: PMC1415854 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.290.6477.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
19
|
Manning PJ, Murphy E, Callaghan B. Bronchostenosis due to sarcoidosis. Ir Med J 1984; 77:210-2. [PMID: 6469535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
20
|
Bourke J, Callaghan B. Experiences with nicotine chewing-gum in resistant smokers. Ir Med J 1983; 76:112. [PMID: 6841020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
21
|
Keelan P, Hone R, Martin L, Callaghan B, Harty M. Cefotaxime in the management of acute lower respiratory tract infection. Ir Med J 1982; 75:6-7. [PMID: 6284676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
22
|
Callaghan B. An effect induced by cimetidine on crypt cell proliferation in the rat small intestine. Singapore Med J 1979; 20:351-4. [PMID: 505031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Using a stathmokinetic technique, the mitotic rate in the small intestinal crypts of two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. The first group was fed solids for 3 h daily only. The second group was fed solids ad libitum. In the first group it was found that the mean daily weight of food consumed rose quickly to normal 24-hour levels but the mean daily weight of the rats fell rapidly and did not approach the original level throughout the experiment. There was no significant difference in the mitotic rate of the small intestinal crypt cells between the two groups.
Collapse
|
24
|
Callaghan B, King GJ. Induced ovulation and synchronized breeding of prepuberal gilts. Can Vet J 1978; 19:90-4. [PMID: 26461 PMCID: PMC1789377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Callaghan B, King G. Fertilization rate of bovine sires. Theriogenology 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(78)90059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
26
|
Callaghan B. An unusual cause of radiologically demonstrable deformation of the duodenum. Australas Radiol 1977; 21:243-5. [PMID: 616285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1977.tb02959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|