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Parhiz H, Shuvaev VV, Li Q, Papp TE, Akyianu AA, Shi R, Yadegari A, Shahnawaz H, Semple SC, Mui BL, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR, Glassman PM. Physiologically based modeling of LNP-mediated delivery of mRNA in the vascular system. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2024; 35:102175. [PMID: 38576454 PMCID: PMC10992703 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics are an emerging, powerful class of drugs with potential applications in a wide range of disorders. A central challenge in their development is the lack of clear pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic relationship, in part due to the significant delay between the kinetics of RNA delivery and the onset of pharmacologic response. To bridge this gap, we have developed a physiologically based PK/pharmacodynamic model for systemically administered mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in mice. This model accounts for the physiologic determinants of mRNA delivery, active targeting in the vasculature, and differential transgene expression based on nanoparticle coating. The model was able to well-characterize the blood and tissue PKs of LNPs, as well as the kinetics of tissue luciferase expression measured by ex vivo activity in organ homogenates and bioluminescence imaging in intact organs. The predictive capabilities of the model were validated using a formulation targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the model predicted nanoparticle delivery and luciferase expression within a 2-fold error for all organs. This modeling platform represents an initial strategy that can be expanded upon and utilized to predict the in vivo behavior of RNA-containing LNPs developed for an array of conditions and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191004, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E. Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Awurama A. Akyianu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruiqi Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamna Shahnawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir R. Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191004, USA
| | - Patrick M. Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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2
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Nong J, Glassman PM, Shuvaev VV, Reyes-Esteves S, Descamps HC, Kiseleva RY, Papp TE, Alameh MG, Tam YK, Mui BL, Omo-Lamai S, Zamora ME, Shuvaeva T, Arguiri E, Gong X, Brysgel TV, Tan AW, Woolfork AG, Weljie A, Thaiss CA, Myerson JW, Weissman D, Kasner SE, Parhiz H, Muzykantov VR, Brenner JS, Marcos-Contreras OA. Targeting lipid nanoparticles to the blood-brain barrier to ameliorate acute ischemic stroke. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00145-X. [PMID: 38454606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery of mRNA or small molecule drugs to the brain is a significant challenge in developing treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). To address the problem, we have developed targeted nanomedicine to increase drug concentrations in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the injured brain. Inflammation during ischemic stroke causes continuous neuronal death and an increase in the infarct volume. To enable targeted delivery to the inflamed BBB, we conjugated lipid nanocarriers (NCs) with antibodies that bind cell adhesion molecules expressed at the BBB. In the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model, NCs targeted to vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) achieved the highest level of brain delivery, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than untargeted ones. VCAM-targeted lipid nanoparticles with luciferase-encoding mRNA and Cre-recombinase showed selective expression in the ischemic brain. Anti-inflammatory drugs administered intravenously after ischemic stroke reduced cerebral infarct volume by 62% (interleukin-10 mRNA) or 35% (dexamethasone) only when they were encapsulated in VCAM-targeted NCs. Thus, VCAM-targeted lipid NCs represent a new platform for strongly concentrating drugs within the compromised BBB of penumbra, thereby ameliorating AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sahily Reyes-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helene C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Barbara L Mui
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Serena Omo-Lamai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco E Zamora
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tea Shuvaeva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xijing Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor V Brysgel
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ai Wen Tan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashley G Woolfork
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Breda L, Papp TE, Triebwasser MP, Yadegari A, Fedorky MT, Tanaka N, Abdulmalik O, Pavani G, Wang Y, Grupp SA, Chou ST, Ni H, Mui BL, Tam YK, Weissman D, Rivella S, Parhiz H. In vivo hematopoietic stem cell modification by mRNA delivery. Science 2023; 381:436-443. [PMID: 37499029 PMCID: PMC10567133 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the source of all blood cells over an individual's lifetime. Diseased HSCs can be replaced with gene-engineered or healthy HSCs through HSC transplantation (HSCT). However, current protocols carry major side effects and have limited access. We developed CD117/LNP-messenger RNA (mRNA), a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that encapsulates mRNA and is targeted to the stem cell factor receptor (CD117) on HSCs. Delivery of the anti-human CD117/LNP-based editing system yielded near-complete correction of hematopoietic sickle cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of pro-apoptotic PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) mRNA with CD117/LNP affected HSC function and permitted nongenotoxic conditioning for HSCT. The ability to target HSCs in vivo offers a nongenotoxic conditioning regimen for HSCT, and this platform could be the basis of in vivo genome editing to cure genetic disorders, which would abrogate the need for HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Triebwasser
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan T Fedorky
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Houping Ni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology affinity group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Nong J, Glassman PM, Reyes-Esteves S, Descamps HC, Shuvaev VV, Kiseleva RY, Papp TE, Alameh MG, Tam YK, Mui BL, Omo-Lamai S, Zamora ME, Shuvaeva T, Arguiri E, Thaiss CA, Myerson JW, Weissman D, Kasner SE, Parhiz H, Muzykantov VR, Brenner JS, Marcos-Contreras OA. Targeting lipid nanoparticles to the blood brain barrier to ameliorate acute ischemic stroke. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.12.544645. [PMID: 37398465 PMCID: PMC10312645 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
After more than 100 failed drug trials for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), one of the most commonly cited reasons for the failure has been that drugs achieve very low concentrations in the at-risk penumbra. To address this problem, here we employ nanotechnology to significantly enhance drug concentration in the penumbra's blood-brain barrier (BBB), whose increased permeability in AIS has long been hypothesized to kill neurons by exposing them to toxic plasma proteins. To devise drug-loaded nanocarriers targeted to the BBB, we conjugated them with antibodies that bind to various cell adhesion molecules on the BBB endothelium. In the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model, nanocarriers targeted with VCAM antibodies achieved the highest level of brain delivery, nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than untargeted ones. VCAM-targeted lipid nanoparticles loaded with either a small molecule drug (dexamethasone) or mRNA (encoding IL-10) reduced cerebral infarct volume by 35% or 73%, respectively, and both significantly lowered mortality rates. In contrast, the drugs delivered without the nanocarriers had no effect on AIS outcomes. Thus, VCAM-targeted lipid nanoparticles represent a new platform for strongly concentrating drugs within the compromised BBB of penumbra, thereby ameliorating AIS. Graphical abstract Acute ischemic stroke induces upregulation of VCAM. We specifically targeted upregulated VCAM in the injured region of the brain with drug- or mRNA-loaded targeted nanocarriers. Nanocarriers targeted with VCAM antibodies achieved the highest brain delivery, nearly orders of magnitude higher than untargeted ones. VCAM-targeted nanocarriers loaded with dexamethasone and mRNA encoding IL-10 reduced infarct volume by 35% and 73%, respectively, and improved survival rates.
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5
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Alameh MG, Tombácz I, Bettini E, Lederer K, Sittplangkoon C, Wilmore JR, Gaudette BT, Soliman OY, Pine M, Hicks P, Manzoni TB, Knox JJ, Johnson JL, Laczkó D, Muramatsu H, Davis B, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Strohmeier S, Lin PJC, Mui BL, Tam YK, Karikó K, Jacquet A, Krammer F, Bates P, Cancro MP, Weissman D, Luning Prak ET, Allman D, Locci M, Pardi N. Lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines by inducing robust T follicular helper cell and humoral responses. Immunity 2022; 55:1136-1138. [PMID: 35704995 PMCID: PMC9195404 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Rurik JG, Tombácz I, Yadegari A, Méndez Fernández PO, Shewale SV, Li L, Kimura T, Soliman OY, Papp TE, Tam YK, Mui BL, Albelda SM, Puré E, June CH, Aghajanian H, Weissman D, Parhiz H, Epstein JA. CAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury. Science 2022; 375:91-96. [PMID: 34990237 PMCID: PMC9983611 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis affects millions of people with cardiac disease. We developed a therapeutic approach to generate transient antifibrotic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in vivo by delivering modified messenger RNA (mRNA) in T cell–targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The efficacy of these in vivo–reprogrammed CAR T cells was evaluated by injecting CD5-targeted LNPs into a mouse model of heart failure. Efficient delivery of modified mRNA encoding the CAR to T lymphocytes was observed, which produced transient, effective CAR T cells in vivo. Antifibrotic CAR T cells exhibited trogocytosis and retained the target antigen as they accumulated in the spleen. Treatment with modified mRNA-targeted LNPs reduced fibrosis and restored cardiac function after injury. In vivo generation of CAR T cells may hold promise as a therapeutic platform to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G. Rurik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pedro O. Méndez Fernández
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swapnil V. Shewale
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ousamah Younoss Soliman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler E. Papp
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying K. Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Steven M. Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding authors: Haig Aghajanian: , Drew Weissman: , Hamideh Parhiz: , Jonathan A. Epstein:
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding authors: Haig Aghajanian: , Drew Weissman: , Hamideh Parhiz: , Jonathan A. Epstein:
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding authors: Haig Aghajanian: , Drew Weissman: , Hamideh Parhiz: , Jonathan A. Epstein:
| | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding authors: Haig Aghajanian: , Drew Weissman: , Hamideh Parhiz: , Jonathan A. Epstein:
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7
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Rurik JG, Tombácz I, Yadegari A, Méndez Fernández PO, Shewale SV, Li L, Kimura T, Soliman OY, Papp TE, Tam YK, Mui BL, Albelda SM, Puré E, June CH, Aghajanian H, Weissman D, Parhiz H, Epstein JA. CAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury. Science 2022. [DOI: doi/10.1126/science.abm0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Making CAR T cells in vivo
Cardiac fibrosis is the stiffening and scarring of heart tissue and can be fatal. Rurik
et al
. designed an immunotherapy strategy to generate transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that can recognize the fibrotic cells in the heart (see the Perspective by Gao and Chen). By injecting CD5-targeted lipid nanoparticles containing the messenger RNA (mRNA) instructions needed to reprogram T lymphocytes, the researchers were able to generate therapeutic CAR T cells entirely inside the body. Analysis of a mouse model of heart disease revealed that the approach was successful in reducing fibrosis and restoring cardiac function. The ability to produce CAR T cells in vivo using modified mRNA may have a number of therapeutic applications. —PNK
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G. Rurik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pedro O. Méndez Fernández
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swapnil V. Shewale
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ousamah Younoss Soliman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler E. Papp
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying K. Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Barbara L. Mui
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Steven M. Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haig Aghajanian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Alameh MG, Tombácz I, Bettini E, Lederer K, Sittplangkoon C, Wilmore JR, Gaudette BT, Soliman OY, Pine M, Hicks P, Manzoni TB, Knox JJ, Johnson JL, Laczkó D, Muramatsu H, Davis B, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Strohmeier S, Lin PJC, Mui BL, Tam YK, Karikó K, Jacquet A, Krammer F, Bates P, Cancro MP, Weissman D, Luning Prak ET, Allman D, Locci M, Pardi N. Lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines by inducing robust T follicular helper cell and humoral responses. Immunity 2021; 54:2877-2892.e7. [PMID: 34852217 PMCID: PMC8566475 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are critical for improving the quality and magnitude of adaptive immune responses to vaccination. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines have shown great efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the mechanism of action of this vaccine platform is not well-characterized. Using influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and protein subunit vaccines, we demonstrated that our LNP formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity that promotes induction of strong T follicular helper cell, germinal center B cell, long-lived plasma cell, and memory B cell responses that are associated with durable and protective antibodies in mice. Comparative experiments demonstrated that this LNP formulation outperformed a widely used MF59-like adjuvant, AddaVax. The adjuvant activity of the LNP relies on the ionizable lipid component and on IL-6 cytokine induction but not on MyD88- or MAVS-dependent sensing of LNPs. Our study identified LNPs as a versatile adjuvant that enhances the efficacy of traditional and next-generation vaccine platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Bettini
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katlyn Lederer
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chutamath Sittplangkoon
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian T Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ousamah Y Soliman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Pine
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomaz B Manzoni
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James J Knox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katalin Karikó
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michela Locci
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Szőke D, Kovács G, Kemecsei É, Bálint L, Szoták-Ajtay K, Aradi P, Styevkóné Dinnyés A, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, Karikó K, Kataru RP, Hope MJ, Weissman D, Mehrara BJ, Pardi N, Jakus Z. Nucleoside-modified VEGFC mRNA induces organ-specific lymphatic growth and reverses experimental lymphedema. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3460. [PMID: 34103491 PMCID: PMC8187400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack or dysfunction of the lymphatics leads to secondary lymphedema formation that seriously reduces the function of the affected organs and results in degradation of quality of life. Currently, there is no definitive treatment option for lymphedema. Here, we utilized nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding murine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGFC) to stimulate lymphatic growth and function and reduce experimental lymphedema in mouse models. We demonstrated that administration of a single low-dose of VEGFC mRNA-LNPs induced durable, organ-specific lymphatic growth and formation of a functional lymphatic network. Importantly, VEGFC mRNA-LNP treatment reversed experimental lymphedema by restoring lymphatic function without inducing any obvious adverse events. Collectively, we present a novel application of the nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP platform, describe a model for identifying the organ-specific physiological and pathophysiological roles of the lymphatics, and propose an efficient and safe treatment option that may serve as a novel therapeutic tool to reduce lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szőke
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kemecsei
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Szoták-Ajtay
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Aradi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Styevkóné Dinnyés
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Raghu P Kataru
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Drew Weissman
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE "Lendület" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Tombácz I, Laczkó D, Shahnawaz H, Muramatsu H, Natesan A, Yadegari A, Papp TE, Alameh MG, Shuvaev V, Mui BL, Tam YK, Muzykantov V, Pardi N, Weissman D, Parhiz H. Highly efficient CD4+ T cell targeting and genetic recombination using engineered CD4+ cell-homing mRNA-LNP. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3293-3304. [PMID: 34091054 PMCID: PMC8571164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the basis for the first two EUA (Emergency Use Authorization) COVID-19 vaccines. The use of nucleoside-modified mRNA as a pharmacological agent opens immense opportunities for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic molecular interventions. In particular, mRNA-based drugs may specifically modulate immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, for immunotherapy of oncologic, infectious and other conditions. The key challenge, however, is that T cells are notoriously resistant to transfection by exogenous mRNA. Here, we report that conjugating CD4 antibody to LNPs enables specific targeting and mRNA interventions to CD4+ cells, including T cells. After systemic injection in mice, CD4-targeted radiolabeled mRNA-LNPs accumulated in spleen, providing ∼30-fold higher signal of reporter mRNA in T cells isolated from spleen as compared with non-targeted mRNA-LNPs. Intravenous injection of CD4-targeted LNPs loaded with Cre recombinase-encoding mRNA provided specific dose-dependent loxP-mediated genetic recombination, resulting in reporter gene expression in about 60% and 40% of CD4+ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes, respectively. T cell phenotyping showed uniform transfection of T cell subpopulations, with no variability in uptake of CD4-targeted mRNA-LNPs in naive, central memory, and effector cells. The specific and efficient targeting and transfection of mRNA to T cells established in this study provides a platform technology for immunotherapy of devastating conditions and HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Tombácz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamna Shahnawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ambika Natesan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Freyn AW, Ramos da Silva J, Rosado VC, Bliss CM, Pine M, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, de Souza Ferreira LC, Weissman D, Krammer F, Coughlan L, Palese P, Pardi N, Nachbagauer R. A Multi-Targeting, Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Influenza Virus Vaccine Provides Broad Protection in Mice. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1569-1584. [PMID: 32359470 PMCID: PMC7335735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens of public health concern worldwide with up to 650,000 deaths occurring each year. Seasonal influenza virus vaccines are employed to prevent disease, but with limited effectiveness. Development of a universal influenza virus vaccine with the potential to elicit long-lasting, broadly cross-reactive immune responses is necessary for reducing influenza virus prevalence. In this study, we have utilized lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines to intradermally deliver a combination of conserved influenza virus antigens (hemagglutinin stalk, neuraminidase, matrix-2 ion channel, and nucleoprotein) and induce strong immune responses with substantial breadth and potency in a murine model. The immunity conferred by nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines provided protection from challenge with pandemic H1N1 virus at 500 times the median lethal dose after administration of a single immunization, and the combination vaccine protected from morbidity at a dose of 50 ng per antigen. The broad protective potential of a single dose of combination vaccine was confirmed by challenge with a panel of group 1 influenza A viruses. These findings support the advancement of nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines expressing multiple conserved antigens as universal influenza virus vaccine candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Injections, Intradermal
- Liposomes
- Mice
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Nanoparticles
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleosides/chemistry
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec W Freyn
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria C Rosado
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carly M Bliss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew Pine
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Willis E, Pardi N, Parkhouse K, Mui BL, Tam YK, Weissman D, Hensley SE. Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination partially overcomes maternal antibody inhibition of de novo immune responses in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaav5701. [PMID: 31915303 PMCID: PMC7339908 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal antibodies provide short-term protection to infants against many infections. However, they can inhibit de novo antibody responses in infants elicited by infections or vaccination, leading to increased long-term susceptibility to infectious diseases. Thus, there is a need to develop vaccines that are able to elicit protective immune responses in the presence of antigen-specific maternal antibodies. Here, we used a mouse model to demonstrate that influenza virus-specific maternal antibodies inhibited de novo antibody responses in mouse pups elicited by influenza virus infection or administration of conventional influenza vaccines. We found that a recently developed influenza vaccine, nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP), partially overcame this inhibition by maternal antibodies. The mRNA-LNP influenza vaccine established long-lived germinal centers in the mouse pups and elicited stronger antibody responses than did a conventional influenza vaccine approved for use in humans. Vaccination with mRNA-LNP vaccines may offer a promising strategy for generating robust immune responses in infants in the presence of maternal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Willis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaela Parkhouse
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Akinc A, Maier MA, Manoharan M, Fitzgerald K, Jayaraman M, Barros S, Ansell S, Du X, Hope MJ, Madden TD, Mui BL, Semple SC, Tam YK, Ciufolini M, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, van der Meel R, Cullis PR. The Onpattro story and the clinical translation of nanomedicines containing nucleic acid-based drugs. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:1084-1087. [PMID: 31802031 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akin Akinc
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinyao Du
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Pieter R Cullis
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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14
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Huysmans H, Zhong Z, De Temmerman J, Mui BL, Tam YK, Mc Cafferty S, Gitsels A, Vanrompay D, Sanders NN. Expression Kinetics and Innate Immune Response after Electroporation and LNP-Mediated Delivery of a Self-Amplifying mRNA in the Skin. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019; 17:867-878. [PMID: 31472371 PMCID: PMC6722285 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied the expression kinetics and innate immune response of a self-amplifying mRNA (sa-RNA) after electroporation and lipid-nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery in the skin of mice. Intradermal electroporation of the sa-RNA resulted in a plateau-shaped expression, with the plateau between day 3 and day 10. The overall protein expression of sa-RNA was significantly higher than that obtained after electroporation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) or non-replication mRNAs. Moreover, using IFN-β reporter mice, we elucidated that intradermal electroporation of sa-RNA induced a short-lived moderate innate immune response, which did not affect the expression of the sa-RNA. A completely different expression profile and innate immune response were observed when LNPs were used. The expression peaked 24 h after intradermal injection of sa-RNA-LNPs and subsequently showed a sharp drop. This drop might be explained by a translational blockage caused by the strong innate immune response that we observed in IFN-β reporter mice shortly (4 h) after intradermal injection of sa-RNA-LNPs. A final interesting observation was the capacity of sa-RNA-LNPs to transfect the draining lymph nodes after intradermal injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Huysmans
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joyca De Temmerman
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Séan Mc Cafferty
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arlieke Gitsels
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Pardi N, LaBranche CC, Ferrari G, Cain DW, Tombácz I, Parks RJ, Muramatsu H, Mui BL, Tam YK, Karikó K, Polacino P, Barbosa CJ, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Haynes BF, Montefiori DC, Hu SL, Weissman D. Characterization of HIV-1 Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019; 15:36-47. [PMID: 30974332 PMCID: PMC6454128 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous effort in the development of effective vaccines against HIV-1, no vaccine candidate has elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies in humans. Thus, generation of more effective anti-HIV vaccines is critically needed. Here we characterize the immune responses induced by nucleoside-modified and purified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines encoding the clade C transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope (Env) 1086C. Intradermal vaccination with nucleoside-modified 1086C Env mRNA-LNPs elicited high levels of gp120-specific antibodies in rabbits and rhesus macaques. Antibodies generated in rabbits neutralized a tier 1 virus, but no tier 2 neutralization activity could be measured. Importantly, three of six non-human primates developed antibodies that neutralized the autologous tier 2 strain. Despite stable anti-gp120 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, tier 2 neutralization titers started to drop 4 weeks after booster immunizations. Serum from both immunized rabbits and non-human primates demonstrated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. Collectively, these results are supportive of continued development of nucleoside-modified and purified mRNA-LNP vaccines for HIV. Optimization of Env immunogens and vaccination protocols are needed to increase antibody neutralization breadth and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katalin Karikó
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Polacino
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Parhiz H, Shuvaev VV, Pardi N, Khoshnejad M, Kiseleva RY, Brenner JS, Uhler T, Tuyishime S, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR. PECAM-1 directed re-targeting of exogenous mRNA providing two orders of magnitude enhancement of vascular delivery and expression in lungs independent of apolipoprotein E-mediated uptake. J Control Release 2018; 291:106-115. [PMID: 30336167 PMCID: PMC6477695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) leads predominantly to hepatic uptake and expression. Here, we conjugated nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNPs with antibodies (Abs) specific to vascular cell adhesion molecule, PECAM-1. Systemic (intravenous) administration of Ab/LNP-mRNAs resulted in profound inhibition of hepatic uptake concomitantly with ~200-fold and 25-fold elevation of mRNA delivery and protein expression in the lungs compared to non-targeted counterparts. Unlike hepatic delivery of LNP-mRNA, Ab/LNP-mRNA is independent of apolipoprotein E. Vascular re-targeting of mRNA represents a promising, powerful, and unique approach for novel experimental and clinical interventions in organs of interest other than liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Uhler
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Tuyishime
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Thran M, Mukherjee J, Pönisch M, Fiedler K, Thess A, Mui BL, Hope MJ, Tam YK, Horscroft N, Heidenreich R, Fotin-Mleczek M, Shoemaker CB, Schlake T. mRNA mediates passive vaccination against infectious agents, toxins, and tumors. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1434-1447. [PMID: 28794134 PMCID: PMC5623855 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of genetic information has emerged as a valid therapeutic approach. Various reports have demonstrated that mRNA, besides its remarkable potential as vaccine, can also promote expression without inducing an adverse immune response against the encoded protein. In the current study, we set out to explore whether our technology based on chemically unmodified mRNA is suitable for passive immunization. To this end, various antibodies using different designs were expressed and characterized in vitro and in vivo in the fields of viral infections, toxin exposure, and cancer immunotherapies. Single injections of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) were sufficient to establish rapid, strong, and long-lasting serum antibody titers in vivo, thereby enabling both prophylactic and therapeutic protection against lethal rabies infection or botulinum intoxication. Moreover, therapeutic mRNA-mediated antibody expression allowed mice to survive an otherwise lethal tumor challenge. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the utility of formulated mRNA as a potent novel technology for passive immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Charles B Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
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18
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Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Naradikian MS, Parkhouse K, Cain DW, Jones L, Moody MA, Verkerke HP, Myles A, Willis E, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Lobby JL, Saunders KO, Liao HX, Korber BT, Sutherland LL, Scearce RM, Hraber PT, Tombácz I, Muramatsu H, Ni H, Balikov DA, Li C, Mui BL, Tam YK, Krammer F, Karikó K, Polacino P, Eisenlohr LC, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Lewis MG, Lee KK, Hu SL, Hensley SE, Cancro MP, Haynes BF, Weissman D. Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1571-1588. [PMID: 29739835 PMCID: PMC5987916 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are required to develop germinal center (GC) responses and drive immunoglobulin class switch, affinity maturation, and long-term B cell memory. In this study, we characterize a recently developed vaccine platform, nucleoside-modified, purified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs), that induces high levels of Tfh and GC B cells. Intradermal vaccination with nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNPs encoding various viral surface antigens elicited polyfunctional, antigen-specific, CD4+ T cell responses and potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. Importantly, the strong antigen-specific Tfh cell response and high numbers of GC B cells and plasma cells were associated with long-lived and high-affinity neutralizing antibodies and durable protection. Comparative studies demonstrated that nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines outperformed adjuvanted protein and inactivated virus vaccines and pathogen infection. The incorporation of noninflammatory, modified nucleosides in the mRNA is required for the production of large amounts of antigen and for robust immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin S Naradikian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kaela Parkhouse
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Derek W Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Letitia Jones
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Arpita Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elinor Willis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Jenna L Lobby
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Richard M Scearce
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - István Tombácz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Houping Ni
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Patricia Polacino
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laurence C Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly K Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Lutz J, Lazzaro S, Habbeddine M, Schmidt KE, Baumhof P, Mui BL, Tam YK, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Heidenreich R, Fotin-Mleczek M. Unmodified mRNA in LNPs constitutes a competitive technology for prophylactic vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:29. [PMID: 29263884 PMCID: PMC5648897 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA represents a promising new vaccine technology platform with high flexibility in regard to development and production. Here, we demonstrate that vaccines based on sequence optimized, chemically unmodified mRNA formulated in optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are highly immunogenic and well tolerated in non-human primates (NHPs). Single intramuscular vaccination of NHPs with LNP-formulated mRNAs encoding rabies or influenza antigens induced protective antibody titers, which could be boosted and remained stable during an observation period of up to 1 year. First mechanistic insights into the mode of action of the LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines demonstrated a strong activation of the innate immune response at the injection site and in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Activation of the innate immune system was reflected by a transient induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and activation of the majority of immune cells in the dLNs. Notably, our data demonstrate that mRNA vaccines can compete with licensed vaccines based on inactivated virus or are even superior in respect of functional antibody and T cell responses. Importantly, we show that the developed LNP-formulated mRNA vaccines can be used as a vaccination platform allowing multiple, sequential vaccinations against different pathogens. These results provide strong evidence that the mRNA technology is a valid approach for the development of effective prophylactic vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccines based on mRNA provoke strong immune responses after a single dose. mRNA is commonly known as the ‘genetic messenger’ cousin of DNA and a crucial mediator of protein production. Now, research led by Mariola Fotin-Mleczek, of Germany’s CureVac AG, demonstrates that mRNA can be developed to produce virus fragments, called antigens, that can prime a vaccinee’s immune system against a pathogen. Testing their vaccine platform, the team created mRNA coding for rabies and influenza antigens, and used intramuscular injection to inoculate non-human primates. A single dose elicited strong immune responses, which the team then successfully maintained through booster vaccinations for an observation period of 1 year. The responses outperformed those of licensed vaccines against rabies and influenza type H3N2. This research shows that mRNA has promise as a versatile, cost-effective, rapidly scalable vaccine technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lutz
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Lazzaro
- CureVac AG, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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20
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Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Pelc RS, Muramatsu H, Andersen H, DeMaso CR, Dowd KA, Sutherland LL, Scearce RM, Parks R, Wagner W, Granados A, Greenhouse J, Walker M, Willis E, Yu JS, McGee CE, Sempowski GD, Mui BL, Tam YK, Huang YJ, Vanlandingham D, Holmes VM, Balachandran H, Sahu S, Lifton M, Higgs S, Hensley SE, Madden TD, Hope MJ, Karikó K, Santra S, Graham BS, Lewis MG, Pierson TC, Haynes BF, Weissman D. Zika virus protection by a single low-dose nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination. Nature 2017; 543:248-251. [PMID: 28151488 PMCID: PMC5344708 DOI: 10.1038/nature21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged as a pandemic associated with severe neuropathology in newborns and adults. There are no ZIKV-specific treatments or preventatives. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is a high priority. Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a versatile and highly effective platform to deliver vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins. Here we demonstrate that a single low-dose intradermal immunization with lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the pre-membrane and envelope glycoproteins of a strain from the ZIKV outbreak in 2013 elicited potent and durable neutralizing antibody responses in mice and non-human primates. Immunization with 30 μg of nucleoside-modified ZIKV mRNA-LNP protected mice against ZIKV challenges at 2 weeks or 5 months after vaccination, and a single dose of 50 μg was sufficient to protect non-human primates against a challenge at 5 weeks after vaccination. These data demonstrate that nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP elicits rapid and durable protective immunity and therefore represents a new and promising vaccine candidate for the global fight against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pelc
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Christina R DeMaso
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laura L Sutherland
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Richard M Scearce
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Elinor Willis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jae-Sung Yu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Charles E McGee
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Barbara L Mui
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ying K Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yan-Jang Huang
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Dana Vanlandingham
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Veronica M Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Harikrishnan Balachandran
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Sujata Sahu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Stephen Higgs
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Thomas D Madden
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael J Hope
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katalin Karikó
- BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sampa Santra
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Mark G Lewis
- Bioqual Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850-3220, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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21
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Thess A, Grund S, Mui BL, Hope MJ, Baumhof P, Fotin-Mleczek M, Schlake T. 135. Sequence-Engineered mRNA Without Chemical Nucleoside Modifications Enables an Effective Protein Therapy in Large Animals. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Jayaraman M, Ansell SM, Mui BL, Tam YK, Chen J, Du X, Butler D, Eltepu L, Matsuda S, Narayanannair JK, Rajeev KG, Hafez IM, Akinc A, Maier MA, Tracy MA, Cullis PR, Madden TD, Manoharan M, Hope MJ. Maximizing the potency of siRNA lipid nanoparticles for hepatic gene silencing in vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8529-33. [PMID: 22782619 PMCID: PMC3470698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 742] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The morphological consequences of differences in the monolayer surface areas of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) have been examined employing cryoelectron microscopy techniques. Surface area was varied by inducing net transbilayer transport of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC):DOPG (9:1, mol:mol) LUVs in response to transmembrane pH gradients. It is shown that when DOPG is transported from the inner to the outer monolayer, initially invaginated LUVs are transformed to long narrow tubular structures, or spherical structures with one or more protrusions. Tubular structures are also seen in response to outward DOPG transport in DOPC:DOPG:Chol (6:1:3, mol:mol:mol) LUV systems, and when lyso-PC is allowed to partition into the exterior monolayer of DOPC:DOPG (9:1, mol:mol) LUVs in the absence of DOPG transport. Conversely, when the inner monolayer area is expanded by the transport of DOPG from the outer monolayer to the inner monolayer of non-invaginated LUVs, a reversion to invaginated structures is observed. The morphological changes are well described by an elastic bending theory of the bilayer. Identification of the difference in relaxed monolayer areas and of the volume-to-area ratio of the LUVs as the shape-determining factors allows a quantitative classification of the observed morphologies. The morphology seen in LUVs supports the possibility that factors leading to differences in monolayer surface areas could play important roles in intracellular membrane transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Mui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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24
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Mui BL, Cullis PR, Pritchard PH, Madden TD. Influence of plasma on the osmotic sensitivity of large unilamellar vesicles prepared by extrusion. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:7364-70. [PMID: 8125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of plasma, the osmotic differential required to trigger lysis of large unilamellar vesicles is significantly decreased with the membrane tension at rupture being reduced from about 36 to about 12 dynes/cm for vesicles composed of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine: cholesterol (55:45). Despite increasing vesicle sensitivity, however, plasma does not alter the characteristics of osmotically induced lysis. As in the absence of plasma, lysis is not an all-or-nothing event but instead results in only partial loss of intravesicular solute, so that following membrane resealing the vesicle interior remains hyperosmotic with respect to the external medium. To identify the component responsible for the observed increase in vesicle osmotic sensitivity, plasma was fractionated by density centrifugation. Albumin and other soluble plasma proteins, including those associated with the complement system, were found to exert only a modest influence on vesicle osmotic behavior. In contrast all of the lipoprotein fractions lowered vesicle tolerance to osmotic pressure, with high density lipoprotein exerting an effect comparable to whole plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Mui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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Abstract
We have examined the morphology and osmotic properties of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) prepared by extrusion. Contrary to expectations, we observe by cryo-electron microscopy that such vesicles, under isoosmotic conditions, are non-spherical. This morphology appears to be a consequence of vesicle passage through the filter pores during preparation. As a result when such LUVs are placed in a hypoosmotic medium they are able to compensate, at least partially, for the resulting influx of water by "rounding up" and thereby increasing their volume with no change in surface area. The increase in vesicle trapped volume associated with these morphological changes was determined using the slowly membrane-permeable solute [3H]-glucose. This allowed calculation of the actual osmotic gradient experienced by the vesicle membrane for a given applied differential. When LUVs were exposed to osmotic differentials of sufficient magnitude lysis occurred with the extent of solute release being dependent on the size of the osmotic gradient. Surprisingly, lysis was not an all-or-nothing event, but instead a residual osmotic differential remained after lysis. This differential value was comparable in magnitude to the minimum osmotic differential required to trigger lysis. Further, by comparing the release of solutes of differing molecular weights (glucose and dextran) a lower limit of about 12 nm diameter can be set for the bilayer defect created during lysis. Finally, the maximum residual osmotic differentials were compared for LUVs varying in mean diameter from 90 to 340 nm. This comparison confirmed that these systems obey Laplace's Law relating vesicle diameter and lysis pressure. This analysis also yielded a value for the membrane tension at lysis of 40 dyn cm-1 at 23 degrees C, which is in reasonable agreement with previously published values for giant unilamellar vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Mui
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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