1
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Jiang WI, Cao Y, Xue Y, Ji Y, Winer BY, Zhang M, Singhal NS, Pierce JT, Chen S, Ma DK. Suppressing mortality and curbing cellular damage by targeting VHL. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.28.582664. [PMID: 38464138 PMCID: PMC10925324 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mortality rate increases with age and can accelerate upon extrinsic or intrinsic damage to individuals. Identifying factors and mechanisms that curb population mortality rate has wide-ranging implications. Here, we show that targeting the VHL-1 (Von Hippel-Lindau) protein suppresses C. elegans mortality caused by distinct factors, including elevated reactive oxygen species, temperature, and APOE4, the genetic variant that confers high risks of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's diseases and all-cause mortality in humans. These mortality factors are of different physical-chemical nature, yet result in similar cellular dysfunction and damage that are suppressed by deleting VHL-1. Stabilized HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor), a transcription factor normally targeted for degradation by VHL-1, recapitulates the protective effects of deleting VHL-1. HIF-1 orchestrates a genetic program that defends against mitochondrial abnormalities, excess oxidative stress, cellular proteostasis dysregulation, and endo-lysosomal rupture, all events that lead to mortality. Genetic inhibition of Vhl also alleviates cerebral vascular injury and synaptic lesions in APOE4 mice, supporting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Collectively, we identify the VHL-HIF axis as a potent modifier of APOE4 and propose that targeting VHL-HIF in non-proliferative animal tissues may suppress tissue injuries and mortality by broadly curbing cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei I. Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yiming Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Neel S. Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, The Center for Learning and Memory, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengke K. Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lead contact
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2
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Liu D, Winer BY, Chou MY, Tam H, Xu Y, An J, Gardner JM, Cyster JG. Dynamic encounters with red blood cells trigger splenic marginal zone B cell retention and function. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:142-154. [PMID: 38049580 PMCID: PMC10761324 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Spleen marginal zone (MZ) B cells are important for antibody responses against blood-borne antigens. The signals they use to detect exposure to blood are not well defined. Here, using intravital two-photon microscopy in mice, we observe transient contacts between MZ B cells and red blood cells that are in flow. We show that MZ B cells use adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) for retention in the spleen. CD97 function in MZ B cells depends on its ability to undergo autoproteolytic cleavage and signaling via Gα13 and ARHGEF1. Red blood cell expression of the CD97 ligand CD55 is required for MZ B cell homeostasis. Applying a pulling force on CD97-transfected cells using an optical C-trap and CD55+ beads leads to accumulation of active RhoA and membrane retraction. Finally, we show that CD97 deficiency leads to a reduced T cell-independent IgM response. Thus, our studies provide evidence that MZ B cells use mechanosensing to position in a manner that enhances antibody responses against blood-borne antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University School of Life Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanson Tam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Diabetes Center and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Wang MS, Hu Y, Sanchez EE, Xie X, Roy NH, de Jesus M, Winer BY, Zale EA, Jin W, Sachar C, Lee JH, Hong Y, Kim M, Kam LC, Salaita K, Huse M. Author Correction: Mechanically active integrins target lytic secretion at the immune synapse to facilitate cellular cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8401. [PMID: 38110360 PMCID: PMC10728169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisa E Sanchez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xihe Xie
- Neuroscience Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Miguel de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zale
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiyang Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Sachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Winer BY, Settle AH, Yakimov AM, Jeronimo C, Lazarov T, Tipping M, Saoi M, Sawh A, Sepp ALL, Galiano M, Wong YY, Perry JSA, Geissmann F, Cross J, Zhou T, Kam LC, Pasoli HA, Hohl T, Cyster JG, Weiner OD, Huse M. Plasma membrane abundance dictates phagocytic capacity and functional crosstalk in myeloid cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.12.556572. [PMID: 37745515 PMCID: PMC10515848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.556572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages tightly control what they eat, how much they eat, and when they move after eating. We show that plasma membrane abundance is a key arbiter of these cellular behaviors. Neutrophils and macrophages lacking the G-protein subunit Gb4 exhibit profound plasma membrane expansion due to enhanced production of sphingolipids. This increased membrane allocation dramatically enhances phagocytosis of bacteria, fungus, apoptotic corpses, and cancer cells. Gb4 deficient neutrophils are also defective in the normal inhibition of migration following cargo uptake. In Gb4 knockout mice, myeloid cells exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of inhaled fungal conidia in the lung but also increased trafficking of engulfed pathogens to other organs. These results reveal an unexpected, biophysical control mechanism lying at the heart of myeloid functional decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Settle
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlos Jeronimo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Tipping
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Saoi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna-Liisa L Sepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Cross
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasoli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Hohl
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY, USA
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5
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Sanchez EE, Tello-Lafoz M, Guo AJ, de Jesus M, Elbanna YA, Winer BY, Budhu S, Chan E, Rosiek E, Kondo T, DuSold J, Taylor N, Altan-Bonnet G, Olson MF, Huse M. Apoptotic contraction drives target cell release by cytotoxic T cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1434-1442. [PMID: 37500886 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) fight intracellular pathogens and cancer by identifying and destroying infected or transformed target cells1. To kill, CTLs form a specialized cytotoxic immune synapse (IS) with a target of interest and then release toxic perforin and granzymes into the interface to elicit programmed cell death2-5. The IS then dissolves, enabling CTLs to search for additional prey and professional phagocytes to clear the corpse6. While the mechanisms governing IS assembly have been studied extensively, far less is known about target cell release. Here, we applied time-lapse imaging to explore the basis for IS dissolution and found that it occurred concomitantly with the cytoskeletal contraction of apoptotic targets. Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of this contraction response indicated that it was both necessary and sufficient for CTL dissociation. We also found that mechanical amplification of apoptotic contractility promoted faster CTL detachment and serial killing. Collectively, these results establish a biophysical basis for IS dissolution and highlight the importance of mechanosensory feedback in the regulation of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Sanchez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tello-Lafoz
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aixuan J Guo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yassmin A Elbanna
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rosiek
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justyn DuSold
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Hogan G, Winer BY, Ahodantin J, Sellau J, Huang T, Douam F, Funaki M, Chiriboga L, Su L, Ploss A. Persistent hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfections in dually humanized mice engrafted with human liver and immune system. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28930. [PMID: 37403703 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), remains a major medical problem. HBV has a high propensity for progressing to chronicity and can result in severe liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CHB patients frequently present with viral coinfection, including human immunodeficiency virus type (HIV) and hepatitis delta virus. About 10% of chronic HIV carriers are also persistently infected with HBV, which can result in more exacerbated liver disease. Mechanistic studies of HBV-induced immune responses and pathogenesis, which could be significantly influenced by HIV infection, have been hampered by the scarcity of immunocompetent animal models. Here, we demonstrate that humanized mice dually engrafted with components of a human immune system and a human liver supported HBV infection, which was partially controlled by human immune cells, as evidenced by lower levels of serum viremia and HBV replication intermediates in the liver. HBV infection resulted in priming and expansion of human HLA-restricted CD8+ T cells, which acquired an activated phenotype. Notably, our dually humanized mice support persistent coinfections with HBV and HIV, which opens opportunities for analyzing immune dysregulation during HBV and HIV coinfection, and preclinical testing of novel immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Hogan
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Ahodantin
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Sellau
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Florian Douam
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Masaya Funaki
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Liu Y, Cafiero TR, Park D, Biswas A, Winer BY, Cho CH, Bram Y, Chandar V, Connell AKO, Gertje HP, Crossland N, Schwartz RE, Ploss A. Targeted viral adaptation generates a simian-tropic hepatitis B virus that infects marmoset cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3582. [PMID: 37328459 PMCID: PMC10276007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) only infects humans and chimpanzees, posing major challenges for modeling HBV infection and chronic viral hepatitis. The major barrier in establishing HBV infection in non-human primates lies at incompatibilities between HBV and simian orthologues of the HBV receptor, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). Through mutagenesis analysis and screening among NTCP orthologues from Old World monkeys, New World monkeys and prosimians, we determined key residues responsible for viral binding and internalization, respectively and identified marmosets as a suitable candidate for HBV infection. Primary marmoset hepatocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells support HBV and more efficient woolly monkey HBV (WMHBV) infection. Adapted chimeric HBV genome harboring residues 1-48 of WMHBV preS1 generated here led to a more efficient infection than wild-type HBV in primary and stem cell derived marmoset hepatocytes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that minimal targeted simianization of HBV can break the species barrier in small NHPs, paving the path for an HBV primate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Thomas R Cafiero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Debby Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aoife K O' Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hans P Gertje
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Nicholas Crossland
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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8
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de Jesus M, Settle AH, Vorselen D, Gaetjens TK, Galiano M, Wong YY, Fu TM, Santosa E, Winer BY, Tamzalit F, Wang MS, Bao Z, Sun JC, Shah P, Theriot JA, Abel SM, Huse M. Topographical analysis of immune cell interactions reveals a biomechanical signature for immune cytolysis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.16.537078. [PMID: 37131635 PMCID: PMC10153123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.16.537078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells live intensely physical lifestyles characterized by structural plasticity, mechanosensitivity, and force exertion. Whether specific immune functions require stereotyped patterns of mechanical output, however, is largely unknown. To address this question, we used super-resolution traction force microscopy to compare cytotoxic T cell immune synapses with contacts formed by other T cell subsets and macrophages. T cell synapses were globally and locally protrusive, which was fundamentally different from the coupled pinching and pulling of macrophage phagocytosis. By spectrally decomposing the force exertion patterns of each cell type, we associated cytotoxicity with compressive strength, local protrusiveness, and the induction of complex, asymmetric interfacial topographies. These features were further validated as cytotoxic drivers by genetic disruption of cytoskeletal regulators, direct imaging of synaptic secretory events, and in silico analysis of interfacial distortion. We conclude that T cell-mediated killing and, by implication, other effector responses are supported by specialized patterns of efferent force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Jesus
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Alexander H. Settle
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas K. Gaetjens
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Michael Galiano
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Yung Yu Wong
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Endi Santosa
- Immunology & Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Fella Tamzalit
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Mitchell S. Wang
- Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Pavak Shah
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Julie A. Theriot
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Steven M. Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
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9
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Wang MS, Hu Y, Sanchez EE, Xie X, Roy NH, de Jesus M, Winer BY, Zale EA, Jin W, Sachar C, Lee JH, Hong Y, Kim M, Kam LC, Salaita K, Huse M. Mechanically active integrins target lytic secretion at the immune synapse to facilitate cellular cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3222. [PMID: 35680882 PMCID: PMC9184626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes fight pathogens and cancer by forming immune synapses with infected or transformed target cells and then secreting cytotoxic perforin and granzyme into the synaptic space, with potent and specific killing achieved by this focused delivery. The mechanisms that establish the precise location of secretory events, however, remain poorly understood. Here we use single cell biophysical measurements, micropatterning, and functional assays to demonstrate that localized mechanotransduction helps define the position of secretory events within the synapse. Ligand-bound integrins, predominantly the αLβ2 isoform LFA-1, function as spatial cues to attract lytic granules containing perforin and granzyme and induce their fusion with the plasma membrane for content release. LFA-1 is subjected to pulling forces within secretory domains, and disruption of these forces via depletion of the adaptor molecule talin abrogates cytotoxicity. We thus conclude that lymphocytes employ an integrin-dependent mechanical checkpoint to enhance their cytotoxic power and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisa E Sanchez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xihe Xie
- Neuroscience Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Miguel de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zale
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiyang Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Sachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Chen CY, Winer BY, Chavez D, Guerra B, Brasky KM, Eng S, Salas E, Tam D, Simmons JH, Abee CR, Delaney WE, Ploss A, Lanford RE, Voitenleitner C. Woolly Monkey-HBV Infection in Squirrel Monkeys as a Surrogate Nonhuman Primate Model of HBV Infection. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:371-386. [PMID: 32140655 PMCID: PMC7049680 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of curative therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection will likely require new animal models. Here, we evaluate HBV infection in squirrel monkeys based on the high-sequence homology of the HBV receptor, Na+/taurocholate co-transporting peptide (NTCP), between humans and squirrel monkeys. HBV PreS1 peptide was examined for binding human and squirrel monkey NTCP. Immunodeficient Fah -/- , NOD, Rag1 -/- , Il2Rg null (FNRG) mice engrafted with human or squirrel monkey hepatocytes were challenged with HBV or Woolly Monkey HBV (WMHBV). In addition, adult squirrel monkeys were inoculated with HBV, WMHBV, adeno-associated virus containing an infectious genome of HBV (AAV-HBV), and AAV-WMHBV. Finally, neonate squirrel monkeys were assessed for the potential of chronic infection with WMHBV. PreS1 peptide efficiently bound to human and squirrel monkey NTCP but not to mouse or capuchin NTCP. FNRG mice engrafted with squirrel monkey hepatocytes were susceptible to infection by WMHBV but not human HBV. Similarly, adult squirrel monkeys could be infected with WMHBV but not human HBV, whereas chimeric mice engrafted with human hepatocytes were susceptible to HBV but not WMHBV. Infection of squirrel monkeys with AAV-WMHBV yielded maximum viremia of 108 genomes/mL with detectable virus for up to 8 months. Notably, covalently closed circular DNA was detected in the liver of these animals. Infection of neonates with WMHBV led to detectable viremia for up to 6 months. Conclusions: Adult and neonate squirrel monkeys exhibited prolonged WMHBV viremia lasting 6-8 months. This is greater than twice the duration of viremia achieved in other nonhuman primates and suggests that squirrel monkeys may be a suitable model for testing HBV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y. Chen
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | | | - Deborah Chavez
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | - Bernadette Guerra
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | - Kathleen M. Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
| | | | | | - Danny Tam
- Gilead Biosciences, Inc.Foster CityCA
| | - Joe H. Simmons
- Department of Comparative MedicineMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of the University of Texas MD Anderson CenterBastropTX
| | - Christian R. Abee
- Department of Comparative MedicineMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research of the University of Texas MD Anderson CenterBastropTX
| | | | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ
| | - Robert E. Lanford
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTX
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11
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Scherer J, Hogue IB, Yaffe ZA, Tanneti NS, Winer BY, Vershinin M, Enquist LW. A kinesin-3 recruitment complex facilitates axonal sorting of enveloped alpha herpesvirus capsids. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1007985. [PMID: 31995633 PMCID: PMC7010296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal sorting, the controlled passage of specific cargoes from the cell soma into the axon compartment, is critical for establishing and maintaining the polarity of mature neurons. To delineate axonal sorting events, we took advantage of two neuroinvasive alpha-herpesviruses. Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus of swine (PRV; suid herpesvirus 1) have evolved as robust cargo of axonal sorting and transport mechanisms. For efficient axonal sorting and subsequent egress from axons and presynaptic termini, progeny capsids depend on three viral membrane proteins (Us7 (gI), Us8 (gE), and Us9), which engage axon-directed kinesin motors. We present evidence that Us7-9 of the veterinary pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV) form a tripartite complex to recruit Kif1a, a kinesin-3 motor. Based on multi-channel super-resolution and live TIRF microscopy, complex formation and motor recruitment occurs at the trans-Golgi network. Subsequently, progeny virus particles enter axons as enveloped capsids in a transport vesicle. Artificial recruitment of Kif1a using a drug-inducible heterodimerization system was sufficient to rescue axonal sorting and anterograde spread of PRV mutants devoid of Us7-9. Importantly, biophysical evidence suggests that Us9 is able to increase the velocity of Kif1a, a previously undescribed phenomenon. In addition to elucidating mechanisms governing axonal sorting, our results provide further insight into the composition of neuronal transport systems used by alpha-herpesviruses, which will be critical for both inhibiting the spread of infection and the safety of herpesvirus-based oncolytic therapies. Alpha-herpesviruses represent a group of large, enveloped DNA viruses that are capable to establish a quiescent (also called latent) but reactivatable form of infection in the peripheral nervous system of their hosts. Following reactivation of latent genomes, virus progeny is formed in the soma of neuronal cells and depend on sorting into the axon for anterograde spread of infection to mucosal sites and potentially new host. We studied two alpha-herpesviruses (the veterinary pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV) and human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)) and found viral membrane proteins Us7, Us8, and Us9 form a complex, which is able to recruit kinsin-3 motors. Motor recruitment facilitates axonal sorting and subsequent transport to distal egress sites. Complex formation occurs at the trans-Golgi network and mediates efficiency of axonal sorting and motility characteristics of egressing capsids. We also used an artificial kinesin-3 recruitment system, which allows controlled induction of axonal sorting and transport of virus mutants lacking Us7, Us8, and Us9. Overall, these data contribute to our understanding of anterograde alpha-herpesvirus spread and kinesin-mediated sorting of vesicular axonal cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Scherer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ian B. Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Yaffe
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nikhila S. Tanneti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael Vershinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lynn W. Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Winer BY, Gaska JM, Lipkowitz G, Bram Y, Parekh A, Parsons L, Leach R, Jindal R, Cho CH, Shrirao A, Novik E, Schwartz RE, Ploss A. Analysis of Host Responses to Hepatitis B and Delta Viral Infections in a Micro-scalable Hepatic Co-culture System. Hepatology 2020; 71:14-30. [PMID: 31206195 PMCID: PMC6917996 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health problem with 257 million chronically infected individuals worldwide, of whom approximately 20 million are co-infected with hepatitis delta virus (HDV). Progress toward a better understanding of the complex interplay between these two viruses and the development of novel therapies have been hampered by the scarcity of suitable cell culture models that mimic the natural environment of the liver. Here, we established HBV and HBV/HDV co-infections and super-infections in self-assembling co-cultured primary human hepatocytes (SACC-PHHs) for up to 28 days in a 384-well format and highlight the suitability of this platform for high-throughput drug testing. We performed RNA sequencing at days 8 and 28 on SACC-PHHs, either HBV mono-infected or HBV/HDV co-infected. Our transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that hepatocytes in SACC-PHHs maintain a mature hepatic phenotype over time, regardless of infection condition. We confirm that HBV is a stealth virus, as it does not induce a strong innate immune response; rather, oxidative phosphorylation and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions are dysregulated to create an environment that promotes persistence. Notably, HDV co-infection also did not lead to statistically significant transcriptional changes across multiple donors and replicates. The lack of innate immune activation is not due to SACC-PHHs being impaired in their ability to induce interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Rather, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid exposure activates ISGs, and this stimulation significantly inhibits HBV infection, yet only minimally affects the ability of HDV to infect and persist. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the SACC-PHH system is a versatile platform for studying HBV/HDV co-infections and holds promise for performing chemical library screens and improving our understanding of the host response to such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jenna M. Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gabriel Lipkowitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amit Parekh
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Lance Parsons
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Robert Leach
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Cheul H. Cho
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Anil Shrirao
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Eric Novik
- Hurel® Corporation, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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13
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Winer BY, Shirvani-Dastgerdi E, Bram Y, Sellau J, Low BE, Johnson H, Huang T, Hrebikova G, Heller B, Sharon Y, Giersch K, Gerges S, Seneca K, Pais MA, Frankel AS, Chiriboga L, Cullen J, Nahass RG, Lutgehetmann M, Toettcher JE, Wiles MV, Schwartz RE, Ploss A. Preclinical assessment of antiviral combination therapy in a genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis delta virus infection. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/447/eaap9328. [PMID: 29950446 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic delta hepatitis, caused by hepatitis delta virus (HDV), is the most severe form of viral hepatitis, affecting at least 20 million hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients worldwide. HDV/HBV co- or superinfections are major drivers for hepatocarcinogenesis. Antiviral treatments exist only for HBV and can only suppress but not cure infection. Development of more effective therapies has been impeded by the scarcity of suitable small-animal models. We created a transgenic (tg) mouse model for HDV expressing the functional receptor for HBV and HDV, the human sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide NTCP. Both HBV and HDV entered hepatocytes in these mice in a glycoprotein-dependent manner, but one or more postentry blocks prevented HBV replication. In contrast, HDV persistently infected hNTCP tg mice coexpressing the HBV envelope, consistent with HDV dependency on the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) for packaging and spread. In immunocompromised mice lacking functional B, T, and natural killer cells, viremia lasted at least 80 days but resolved within 14 days in immunocompetent animals, demonstrating that lymphocytes are critical for controlling HDV infection. Although acute HDV infection did not cause overt liver damage in this model, cell-intrinsic and cellular innate immune responses were induced. We further demonstrated that single and dual treatment with myrcludex B and lonafarnib efficiently suppressed viremia but failed to cure HDV infection at the doses tested. This small-animal model with inheritable susceptibility to HDV opens opportunities for studying viral pathogenesis and immune responses and for testing novel HDV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elham Shirvani-Dastgerdi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julie Sellau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Department of Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500 USA
| | - Heath Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Brigitte Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yael Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Katja Giersch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sherif Gerges
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kathleen Seneca
- Infectious Disease Care, 105 Raider Boulevard, Hillsborough, NJ 08844, USA
| | - Mihai-Alexandru Pais
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Angela S Frankel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Ronald G Nahass
- Infectious Disease Care, 105 Raider Boulevard, Hillsborough, NJ 08844, USA
| | - Marc Lutgehetmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Hospital, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Department of Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500 USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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14
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Douam F, Ziegler CGK, Hrebikova G, Fant B, Leach R, Parsons L, Wang W, Gaska JM, Winer BY, Heller B, Shalek AK, Ploss A. Selective expansion of myeloid and NK cells in humanized mice yields human-like vaccine responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5031. [PMID: 30487575 PMCID: PMC6262001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice engrafted with components of a human immune system have become widely-used models for studying aspects of human immunity and disease. However, a defined methodology to objectively measure and compare the quality of the human immune response in different models is lacking. Here, by taking advantage of the highly immunogenic live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine YFV-17D, we provide an in-depth comparison of immune responses in human vaccinees, conventional humanized mice, and second generation humanized mice. We demonstrate that selective expansion of human myeloid and natural killer cells promotes transcriptomic responses akin to those of human vaccinees. These enhanced transcriptomic profiles correlate with the development of an antigen-specific cellular and humoral response to YFV-17D. Altogether, our approach provides a robust scoring of the quality of the human immune response in humanized mice and highlights a rational path towards developing better pre-clinical models for studying the human immune response and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Douam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Bruno Fant
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Leach
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Genomics Core, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 19104, USA
| | - Lance Parsons
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Genomics Core, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 19104, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Genomics Core, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 19104, USA
| | - Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Brigitte Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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15
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Shirvani-Dastgerdi E, Winer BY, Celià-Terrassa T, Kang Y, Tabernero D, Yagmur E, Rodríguez-Frías F, Gregori J, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Ploss A, Tacke F. Selection of the highly replicative and partially multidrug resistant rtS78T HBV polymerase mutation during TDF-ETV combination therapy. J Hepatol 2017; 67:246-254. [PMID: 28392234 PMCID: PMC6016549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and receiving long-term treatment with nucleoside or nucleotide analogues are at risk of selecting HBV strains with complex mutational patterns. We herein report two cases of HBV-infected patients with insufficient viral suppression, despite dual antiviral therapy with entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF). One patient died from aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Serum samples from the two patients at different time points were analyzed using ultra-deep pyrosequencing analysis. HBV mutations were identified and transiently transfected into hepatoma cells in vitro using replication-competent HBV vectors, and functionally analyzed. We assessed replication efficacy, resistance to antivirals and potential impact on HBV secretion (viral particles, exosomes). RESULTS Sequencing analyses revealed the selection of the rtS78T HBV polymerase mutation in both cases that simultaneously creates a premature stop codon at sC69 and thereby deletes almost the entire small HBV surface protein. One of the patients had an additional 261bp deletion in the preS1/S2 region. Functional analyses of the mutations in vitro revealed that the rtS78T/sC69∗ mutation, but not the preS1/S2 deletion, significantly enhanced viral replication and conferred reduced susceptibility to ETV and TDF. The sC69∗ mutation caused truncation of HBs protein, leading to impaired detection by commercial HBsAg assay, without causing intracellular HBsAg retention or affecting HBV secretion. CONCLUSIONS The rtS78T/sC69∗ HBV mutation, associated with enhanced replication and insufficient response to antiviral treatment, may favor long-term persistence of these isolates. In addition to the increased production of HBV transcripts and the sustained secretion of viral particles in the absence of antigenic domains of S protein, this HBV mutation may predispose patients to carcinogenic effects. LAY SUMMARY Long-term treatment with antiviral drugs carries the risk of selecting mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV). We herein report two cases of patients with insufficient response to dual tenofovir and entecavir therapy. Molecular analyses identified a distinct mutation, rtS78T/sC69∗, that abolishes HBsAg detection, enhances replication, sustains exosome-mediated virion secretion and decreases susceptibility to antivirals, thereby representing a potentially high-risk mutation for HBV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shirvani-Dastgerdi
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Tabernero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Medical Care Centre, Dr Stein and Colleagues, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Winer BY, Huang T, Low BE, Avery C, Pais MA, Hrebikova G, Siu E, Chiriboga L, Wiles MV, Ploss A. Recapitulation of treatment response patterns in a novel humanized mouse model for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Virology 2016; 502:63-72. [PMID: 28006671 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are ~350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B (HBV). While a prophylactic vaccine and drug regimens to suppress viremia are available, chronic HBV infection is rarely cured. HBV's limited host tropism leads to a scarcity of susceptible small animal models and is a hurdle to developing curative therapies. Mice that support engraftment with human hepatoctyes have traditionally been generated through crosses of murine liver injury models to immunodeficient backgrounds. Here, we describe the disruption of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase directly in the NOD Rag1-/- IL2RγNULL (NRG) background using zinc finger nucleases. The resultant human liver chimeric mice sustain persistent HBV viremia for >90 days. When treated with standard of care therapy, HBV DNA levels decrease below detection but rebound when drug suppression is released, mimicking treatment response observed in patients. Our study highlights the utility of directed gene targeting approaches in zygotes to create new humanized mouse models for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- Department of Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500 USA
| | - Cindy Avery
- Department of Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500 USA
| | - Mihai-Alexandru Pais
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Evelyn Siu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- Department of Technology Evaluation and Development, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500 USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey, NJ 08544, USA.
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17
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Winer BY, Ding Q, Gaska JM, Ploss A. In vivo models of hepatitis B and C virus infection. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1987-99. [PMID: 27009462 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, more than 500 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B (HBV), delta (HDV), and/or C (HCV) viruses, which can result in severe liver disease. Mechanistic studies of viral persistence and pathogenesis have been hampered by the scarcity of animal models. The limited species and cellular host range of HBV, HDV, and HCV, which robustly infect only humans and chimpanzees, have posed challenges for creating such animal models. In this review, we will discuss the barriers to interspecies transmission and the progress that has been made in our understanding of the HBV, HDV, and HCV life cycles. Additionally, we will highlight a variety of approaches that overcome these barriers and thus facilitate in vivo studies of these hepatotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ, USA
| | - Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
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19
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although the host multitropism of some pathogens has rendered their manipulation possible in animal models, the human-restricted tropism of numerous viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites has seriously hampered our understanding of these pathogens. Hence, uncovering the genetic basis underlying the narrow tropism of such pathogens is critical for understanding their mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis. Moreover, such genetic dissection is essential for the generation of permissive animal models that can serve as critical tools for the development of therapeutics or vaccines against challenging human pathogens. In this review, we describe different experimental approaches utilized to uncover the genetic foundation regulating pathogen host tropism as well as their relevance for studying the tropism of several important human pathogens. Finally, we discuss the current and future uses of this knowledge for generating genetically modified animal models permissive for these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Douam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
| | - Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
| | - Markus von Schaewen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; , , , , ,
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20
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de Jong YP, Dorner M, Mommersteeg MC, Xiao JW, Balazs AB, Robbins JB, Winer BY, Gerges S, Vega K, Labitt RN, Donovan BM, Giang E, Krishnan A, Chiriboga L, Charlton MR, Burton DR, Baltimore D, Law M, Rice CM, Ploss A. Broadly neutralizing antibodies abrogate established hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:254ra129. [PMID: 25232181 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most exposed individuals, hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes a chronic infection; this long-term infection in turn contributes to the development of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of antibodies directed against HCV in disease progression is poorly understood. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) can prevent HCV infection in vitro and in animal models. However, the effects of nAbs on an established HCV infection are unclear. We demonstrate that three broadly nAbs-AR3A, AR3B, and AR4A-delivered with adeno-associated viral vectors can confer protection against viral challenge in humanized mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that nAbs can abrogate an ongoing HCV infection in primary hepatocyte cultures and in a human liver chimeric mouse model. These results showcase a therapeutic approach to interfere with HCV infection by exploiting a previously unappreciated need for HCV to continuously infect new hepatocytes to sustain a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ype P de Jong
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michiel C Mommersteeg
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing W Xiao
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Justin B Robbins
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sherif Gerges
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kevin Vega
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rachael N Labitt
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bridget M Donovan
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erick Giang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael R Charlton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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21
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Utter B, Deutsch DR, Schuch R, Winer BY, Verratti K, Bishop-Lilly K, Sozhamannan S, Fischetti VA. Beyond the chromosome: the prevalence of unique extra-chromosomal bacteriophages with integrated virulence genes in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100502. [PMID: 24963913 PMCID: PMC4070920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Staphylococcus aureus, the disease impact of chromosomally integrated prophages on virulence is well described. However, the existence of extra-chromosomal prophages, both plasmidial and episomal, remains obscure. Despite the recent explosion in bacterial and bacteriophage genomic sequencing, studies have failed to specifically focus on extra-chromosomal elements. We selectively enriched and sequenced extra-chromosomal DNA from S. aureus isolates using Roche-454 technology and uncovered evidence for the widespread distribution of multiple extra-chromosomal prophages (ExPΦs) throughout both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant strains. We completely sequenced one such element comprised of a 43.8 kbp, circular ExPΦ (designated ФBU01) from a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain. Assembly and annotation of ФBU01 revealed a number of putative virulence determinants encoded within a bacteriophage immune evasion cluster (IEC). Our identification of several potential ExPΦs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) also revealed numerous putative virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. We describe here a previously unidentified level of genetic diversity of stealth extra-chromosomal elements in S. aureus, including phages with a larger presence outside the chromosome that likely play a prominent role in pathogenesis and strain diversity driven by horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Utter
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Douglas R. Deutsch
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raymond Schuch
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Y. Winer
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Verratti
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kim Bishop-Lilly
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
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22
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Mujtaba S, Winer BY, Jaganathan A, Patel J, Sgobba M, Schuch R, Gupta YK, Haider S, Wang R, Fischetti VA. Anthrax SET protein: a potential virulence determinant that epigenetically represses NF-κB activation in infected macrophages. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23458-72. [PMID: 23720780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.467696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxins play a major role in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis by subverting the host defenses. However, besides toxins, B. anthracis expresses effector proteins, whose role in pathogenesis are yet to be investigated. Here we present that suppressor-of-variegation, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax protein from B. anthracis (BaSET) methylates human histone H1, resulting in repression of NF-κB functions. Notably, BaSET is secreted and undergoes nuclear translocation to enhance H1 methylation in B. anthracis-infected macrophages. Compared with wild type Sterne, delayed growth kinetics and altered septum formation were observed in the BaSET knock-out (BaΔSET) bacilli. Uncontrolled BaSET expression during complementation of the BaSET gene in BaΔSET partially restored growth during stationary phase but resulted in substantially shorter bacilli throughout the growth cycle. Importantly, in contrast to Sterne, the BaΔSET B. anthracis is avirulent in a lethal murine bacteremia model of infection. Collectively, BaSET is required for repression of host transcription as well as proper B. anthracis growth, making it a potentially unique virulence determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Mujtaba
- Department of Structural and Chemical, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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23
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Nothnagel HJ, Winer BY, Vuletich DA, Pond MP, Lecomte JTJ. Structural properties of 2/2 hemoglobins: the group III protein from Helicobacter hepaticus. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:197-205. [PMID: 21445851 DOI: 10.1002/iub.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ε-proteobacterium Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh) contains a gene coding for a hemoglobin (Hb). The protein belongs to the 2/2 Hb lineage and is representative of group III, a set of Hbs about which little is known. An expression and purification procedure was developed for Hh Hb. Electronic absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were used to characterize ligation states of the ferric and ferrous protein. The pK(a) of the acid/alkaline transition of ferric Hh Hb was 7.3, an unusually low value. NMR analysis of the cyanomet complex showed the orientation of the heme group to be reversed when compared with most group I and group II 2/2 Hbs. Ferrous Hh Hb formed a stable cyanide complex that yielded NMR spectra similar to those of the carbonmonoxy complex. All forms of Hh Hb were self-associated at NMR concentrations. Comparison was made to the related Campylobacter jejuni 2/2 Hb (Ctb), and the amino acid conservation pattern of group III was reinspected to help in the generalization of structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Nothnagel
- T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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