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Fürst A, Ford B, Hentschel H, Bode L. Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Antenatal Colostrum: A Case Study. Breastfeed Med 2024. [PMID: 38699872 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2024.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction/Background: Some women produce antenatal colostrum during pregnancy and feed it to their baby after birth. However, the composition of antenatal colostrum and how it compares to postnatal colostrum and mature milk are not well described. In fact, there are currently no data on the composition of antenatal colostrum when it comes to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid human milk component after lactose and lipids. Case Presentation: We report a case of a single healthy donor who collected antenatal colostrum and urine from 19 weeks of gestation all the way to mature milk at 3 months postpartum. We analyzed all samples for HMO composition using high-performance liquid chromatography and for lactose concentrations using an enzymatic assay. Results: The entire spectrum of HMOs typical of a nonsecretor was already present in antenatal colostrum at 19 weeks gestation with a total concentration of 7.5 mg/mL. The HMO concentration further increased to over 12.5 mg/mL at 30 weeks gestation and then declined throughout the remainder of pregnancy and continued to decline in the postpartum period with concentrations of less than 5 mg/mL at 12 weeks postpartum. Concentrations of some of the individual HMOs as well as lactose changed significantly at the time of birth. HMO composition in antenatal colostrum was different in time-matched urine samples. Conclusion: Measuring HMOs in maternal urine does not fully capture the composition of HMOs in antenatal colostrum. Feeding antenatal colostrum to the newborn baby provides the entire set of different HMOs at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalee Fürst
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hailey Hentschel
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), and the Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Ford B, Monk R, Litchfield D, Qureshi A. Manipulating avatar age and gender in level-2 visual perspective taking. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:1431-1441. [PMID: 36781684 PMCID: PMC10482764 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Visual perspective taking (VPT) represents how the world appears from another person's position. The age, group status and emotional displays of the other person have been shown to affect task performance, but tasks often confound social and spatial outcome measures by embedding perspective taking in explicitly social contexts or theory-of-mind reasoning. Furthermore, while previous research has suggested that visual perspective taking may be impacted by avatar characteristics, it is unknown whether this is driven by general group processing or a specific deficit in mentalizing about outgroups, for example, children. Therefore, using a minimally social task (i.e., the task was not communicative, and acknowledging the "mind" of the avatar was not necessitated), we examined whether avatar age and avatar gender affect performance on simpler (low angular disparity) and more effortful, embodied (high angular disparity) perspective judgments. Ninety-two participants represented the visuospatial perspectives of a boy, girl, man, or woman who were presented at various angular disparities. A target object was placed in front of the avatar and participants responded to the orientation of the object from the avatar's position. The findings suggest that social features of visuospatial perspective taking (VSPT) are processed separately from the fundamental spatial computations. Further, Level-2 VSPT appears to be affected by general group categorization (e.g., age and gender) rather than a deficit in mentalizing about a specific outgroup (e.g., children).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ford
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
| | - R Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - D Litchfield
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - A Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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3
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Tharp KM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Timblin GA, Ford B, Garzon-Coral C, Schneider C, Muncie JM, Stashko C, Daniele JR, Moore AS, Frankino PA, Homentcovschi S, Manoli SS, Shao H, Richards AL, Chen KH, Hoeve JT, Ku GM, Hellerstein M, Nomura DK, Saijo K, Gestwicki J, Dunn AR, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Dillin A, Weaver VM. Adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling forces mitohormesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1322-1341.e13. [PMID: 34019840 PMCID: PMC8266765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control eukaryotic cell fate by producing the energy needed to support life and the signals required to execute programed cell death. The biochemical milieu is known to affect mitochondrial function and contribute to the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotypes implicated in cancer and the morbidities of aging. However, the physical characteristics of the extracellular matrix are also altered in cancerous and aging tissues. Here, we demonstrate that cells sense the physical properties of the extracellular matrix and activate a mitochondrial stress response that adaptively tunes mitochondrial function via solute carrier family 9 member A1-dependent ion exchange and heat shock factor 1-dependent transcription. Overall, our data indicate that adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling may play an unappreciated role in the altered mitochondrial functions observed in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Garzon-Coral
- Chemical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine Schneider
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathon M Muncie
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Connor Stashko
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research, Houston, CA 77054, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Phillip A Frankino
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Sagar S Manoli
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Ku
- Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karou Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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4
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Timblin GA, Tharp KM, Ford B, Winchester JM, Wang J, Zhu S, Khan RI, Louie SK, Iavarone AT, Ten Hoeve J, Nomura DK, Stahl A, Saijo K. Mitohormesis reprogrammes macrophage metabolism to enforce tolerance. Nat Metab 2021; 3:618-635. [PMID: 34031590 PMCID: PMC8162914 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive electrophilic species as antimicrobials during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent inflammatory responses. Whether mitochondrial stress caused by these molecules impacts macrophage function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both pharmacologically driven and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven mitochondrial stress in macrophages triggers a stress response called mitohormesis. LPS-driven mitohormetic stress adaptations occur as macrophages transition from an LPS-responsive to LPS-tolerant state wherein stimulus-induced pro-inflammatory gene transcription is impaired, suggesting tolerance is a product of mitohormesis. Indeed, like LPS, hydroxyoestrogen-triggered mitohormesis suppresses mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and acetyl-CoA production needed for histone acetylation and pro-inflammatory gene transcription, and is sufficient to enforce an LPS-tolerant state. Thus, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial reactive electrophilic species are TLR-dependent signalling molecules that trigger mitohormesis as a negative feedback mechanism to restrain inflammation via tolerance. Moreover, bypassing TLR signalling and pharmacologically triggering mitohormesis represents a new anti-inflammatory strategy that co-opts this stress response to impair epigenetic support of pro-inflammatory gene transcription by mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Janet M Winchester
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stella Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rida I Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon K Louie
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaoru Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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5
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Bersuker K, Hendricks JM, Li Z, Magtanong L, Ford B, Tang PH, Roberts MA, Tong B, Maimone TJ, Zoncu R, Bassik MC, Nomura DK, Dixon SJ, Olzmann JA. The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis. Nature 2019; 575:688-692. [PMID: 31634900 PMCID: PMC6883167 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1656] [Impact Index Per Article: 331.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is caused by the iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids1,2. The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols3,4. Ferroptosis has previously been implicated in the cell death that underlies several degenerative conditions2, and induction of ferroptosis by the inhibition of GPX4 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to trigger cancer cell death5. However, sensitivity to GPX4 inhibitors varies greatly across cancer cell lines6, which suggests that additional factors govern resistance to ferroptosis. Here, using a synthetic lethal CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (previously known as apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 (AIFM2)) as a potent ferroptosis-resistance factor. Our data indicate that myristoylation recruits FSP1 to the plasma membrane where it functions as an oxidoreductase that reduces coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (also known as ubiquinone-10), which acts as a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that halts the propagation of lipid peroxides. We further find that FSP1 expression positively correlates with ferroptosis resistance across hundreds of cancer cell lines, and that FSP1 mediates resistance to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells in culture and in mouse tumour xenografts. Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. These findings define a ferroptosis suppression pathway and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of FSP1 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Bersuker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Hendricks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa A Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bingqi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Chung CYS, Shin HR, Berdan CA, Ford B, Ward CC, Olzmann JA, Zoncu R, Nomura DK. Covalent targeting of the vacuolar H +-ATPase activates autophagy via mTORC1 inhibition. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:776-785. [PMID: 31285595 PMCID: PMC6641988 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that eliminates aggregated proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. A major route for activating autophagy involves inhibition of the mTORC1 kinase, but current mTORC1-targeting compounds do not allow complete and selective mTORC1 blockade. Here, we have coupled screening of a covalent ligand library with activity-based protein profiling to discover EN6, a small-molecule in vivo activator of autophagy that covalently targets cysteine 277 in the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal v-ATPase, which activates mTORC1 via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases. EN6-mediated ATP6V1A modification decouples the v-ATPase from the Rags, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 signaling, increased lysosomal acidification and activation of autophagy. Consistently, EN6 clears TDP-43 aggregates, a causative agent in frontotemporal dementia, in a lysosome-dependent manner. Our results provide insight into how the v-ATPase regulates mTORC1, and reveal a unique approach for enhancing cellular clearance based on covalent inhibition of lysosomal mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hijai R Shin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Charles A Berdan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carl C Ward
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research at the University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Novartis-Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Wiese D, Ford B, Braid L. Towards a consensus potency assay for mesenchymal stromal cells: a matrix analysis of cell source, donor variability and inflammatory stimuli to refine surrogate markers of immunomodulation. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wunschel J, Fasano M, Ford B, Porterfield H. OXYPORUS: A POTENTIAL EMERGING PATHOGEN IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE PATIENTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou M, Ford B, Lee D, Tindula G, Huen K, Tran V, Bradman A, Gunier R, Eskenazi B, Nomura DK, Holland N. Metabolomic Markers of Phthalate Exposure in Plasma and Urine of Pregnant Women. Front Public Health 2018; 6:298. [PMID: 30406068 PMCID: PMC6204535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and found in almost all people with several associated adverse health outcomes reported in humans and animal models. Limited data are available on the relationship between exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and the human metabolome. We examined the relationship of metabolomic profiles in plasma and urine of 115 pregnant women with eleven urine phthalate metabolites measured at 26 weeks of gestation to identify potential biomarkers and relevant pathways. Targeted metabolomics was performed by selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure 415 metabolites in plasma and 151 metabolites in urine samples. We have chosen metabolites with the best defined peaks for more detailed analysis (138 in plasma and 40 in urine). Relationship between urine phthalate metabolites and concurrent metabolomic markers in plasma and urine suggested potential involvement of diverse pathways including lipid, steroid, and nucleic acid metabolism and enhanced inflammatory response. Most of the correlations were positive for both urine and plasma, and further confirmed by regression and PCA analysis. However, after the FDR adjustment for multiple comparisons, only 9 urine associations remained statistically significant (q-values 0.0001–0.0451), including Nicotinamide mononucleotide, Cysteine T2, Cystine, and L-Aspartic acid. Additionally, we found negative associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with more than 20 metabolomic markers related to lipid and amino-acid metabolism and inflammation pathways in plasma (p = 0.01–0.0004), while Mevalonic acid was positively associated (p = 0.009). Nicotinic acid, the only significant metabolite in urine, had a positive association with maternal BMI (p = 0.002). In summary, when evaluated in the context of metabolic pathways, the findings suggest enhanced lipid biogenesis, inflammation and altered nucleic acid metabolism in association with higher phthalate levels. These results provide new insights into the relationship between phthalates, common in most human populations, and metabolomics, a novel approach to exposure and health biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhou
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Breanna Ford
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Douglas Lee
- Omic Insight, LLC, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gwen Tindula
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Vy Tran
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Asa Bradman
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert Gunier
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Ford B, Val Martin M, Zelasky SE, Fischer EV, Anenberg SC, Heald CL, Pierce JR. Future Fire Impacts on Smoke Concentrations, Visibility, and Health in the Contiguous United States. Geohealth 2018; 2:229-247. [PMID: 32159016 PMCID: PMC7038896 DOI: 10.1029/2018gh000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from U.S. anthropogenic sources is decreasing. However, previous studies have predicted that PM2.5 emissions from wildfires will increase in the midcentury to next century, potentially offsetting improvements gained by continued reductions in anthropogenic emissions. Therefore, some regions could experience worse air quality, degraded visibility, and increases in population-level exposure. We use global climate model simulations to estimate the impacts of changing fire emissions on air quality, visibility, and premature deaths in the middle and late 21st century. We find that PM2.5 concentrations will decrease overall in the contiguous United States (CONUS) due to decreasing anthropogenic emissions (total PM2.5 decreases by 3% in Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 8.5 and 34% in RCP4.5 by 2100), but increasing fire-related PM2.5 (fire-related PM2.5 increases by 55% in RCP4.5 and 190% in RCP8.5 by 2100) offsets these benefits and causes increases in total PM2.5 in some regions. We predict that the average visibility will improve across the CONUS, but fire-related PM2.5 will reduce visibility on the worst days in western and southeastern U.S. regions. We estimate that the number of deaths attributable to total PM2.5 will decrease in both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios (from 6% to 4-5%), but the absolute number of premature deaths attributable to fire-related PM2.5 will double compared to early 21st century. We provide the first estimates of future smoke health and visibility impacts using a prognostic land-fire model. Our results suggest the importance of using realistic fire emissions in future air quality projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ford
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - M. Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - S. E. Zelasky
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - E. V. Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - S. C. Anenberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - C. L. Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. R. Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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11
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Alcalay RN, Wolf P, Levy OA, Kang UJ, Waters C, Fahn S, Ford B, Kuo SH, Vanegas N, Shah H, Liong C, Narayan S, Pauciulo MW, Nichols WC, Gan-Or Z, Rouleau GA, Chung WK, Oliva P, Keutzer J, Marder K, Zhang XK. Alpha galactosidase A activity in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 112:85-90. [PMID: 29369793 PMCID: PMC5811339 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase, deficient in Gaucher disease) enzymatic activity measured in dried blood spots of Parkinson's Disease (PD) cases is within healthy range but reduced compared to controls. It is not known whether activities of additional lysosomal enzymes are reduced in dried blood spots in PD. To test whether reduction in lysosomal enzymatic activity in PD is specific to GCase, we measured GCase, acid sphingomyelinase (deficient in Niemann-Pick disease types A and B), alpha galactosidase A (deficient in Fabry), acid alpha-glucosidase (deficient in Pompe) and galactosylceramidase (deficient in Krabbe) enzymatic activities in dried blood spots of PD patients (n = 648) and controls (n = 317) recruited from Columbia University. Full sequencing of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) and the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was performed. Enzymatic activities were compared between PD cases and controls using t-test and regression models adjusted for age, gender, and GBA and LRRK2 G2019S mutation status. Alpha galactosidase A activity was lower in PD cases compared to controls both when only non-carriers were included (excluding all GBA and LRRK2 G2019S carriers and PD cases with age-at-onset below 40) [2.85 μmol/l/h versus 3.12 μmol/l/h, p = 0.018; after controlling for batch effect, p = 0.006 (468 PD cases and 296 controls)], and when including the entire cohort (2.89 μmol/l/h versus 3.10 μmol/l/h, p = 0.040; after controlling for batch effect, p = 0.011). Because the alpha galactosidase A gene is X-linked, we stratified the analyses by sex. Among women who were non-carriers of GBA and LRRK2 G2019S mutations (PD, n = 155; control, n = 194), alpha galactosidase A activity was lower in PD compared to controls (2.77 μmol/l/h versus 3.10 μmol/l/h, p = 0.044; after controlling for a batch effect, p = 0.001). The enzymatic activity of acid sphingomyelinase, acid alpha-glucosidase and galactosylceramidase was not significantly different between PD and controls. In non-carriers, most lysosomal enzyme activities were correlated, with the strongest association in GCase, acid alpha-glucosidase, and alpha galactosidase A (Pearson correlation coefficient between 0.382 and 0.532). In a regression model with all five enzymes among non-carriers (adjusted for sex and age), higher alpha galactosidase A activity was associated with lower odds of PD status (OR = 0.54; 95% CI:0.31-0.95; p = 0.032). When LRRK2 G2019S PD carriers (n = 37) were compared to non-carriers with PD, carriers had higher GCase, acid sphingomyelinase and alpha galactosidase A activity. We conclude that alpha galactosidase A may have a potential independent role in PD, in addition to GCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P Wolf
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - O A Levy
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - U J Kang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Ford
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S H Kuo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Vanegas
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Shah
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Liong
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Narayan
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Z Gan-Or
- Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G A Rouleau
- Montréal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - W K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Oliva
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - J Keutzer
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - K Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X K Zhang
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
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12
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Gibeaux R, Acker R, Kitaoka M, Georgiou G, van Kruijsbergen I, Ford B, Marcotte EM, Nomura DK, Kwon T, Veenstra GJC, Heald R. Paternal chromosome loss and metabolic crisis contribute to hybrid inviability in Xenopus. Nature 2018; 553:337-341. [PMID: 29320479 PMCID: PMC5988642 DOI: 10.1038/nature25188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization of eggs and sperm from closely related species can give rise to genetic diversity, or can lead to embryo inviability owing to incompatibility. Although central to evolution, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying post-zygotic barriers that drive reproductive isolation and speciation remain largely unknown. Species of the African clawed frog Xenopus provide an ideal system to study hybridization and genome evolution. Xenopus laevis is an allotetraploid with 36 chromosomes that arose through interspecific hybridization of diploid progenitors, whereas Xenopus tropicalis is a diploid with 20 chromosomes that diverged from a common ancestor approximately 48 million years ago. Differences in genome size between the two species are accompanied by organism size differences, and size scaling of the egg and subcellular structures such as nuclei and spindles formed in egg extracts. Nevertheless, early development transcriptional programs, gene expression patterns, and protein sequences are generally conserved. Whereas the hybrid produced when X. laevis eggs are fertilized by X. tropicalis sperm is viable, the reverse hybrid dies before gastrulation. Here we apply cell biological tools and high-throughput methods to study the mechanisms underlying hybrid inviability. We reveal that two specific X. laevis chromosomes are incompatible with the X. tropicalis cytoplasm and are mis-segregated during mitosis, leading to unbalanced gene expression at the maternal to zygotic transition, followed by cell-autonomous catastrophic embryo death. These results reveal a cellular mechanism underlying hybrid incompatibility that is driven by genome evolution and contributes to the process by which biological populations become distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gibeaux
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Rachael Acker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Maiko Kitaoka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Georgios Georgiou
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ila van Kruijsbergen
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Breanna Ford
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Edward M. Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Gert Jan C. Veenstra
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Heald
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, CA 94720, Berkeley, USA
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13
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Ford B, Bateman LA, Gutierrez-Palominos L, Park R, Nomura DK. Mapping Proteome-wide Targets of Glyphosate in Mice. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:133-140. [PMID: 28132892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup, is one of the most widely used pesticides in agriculture and home garden use. Whether glyphosate causes any mammalian toxicity remains highly controversial. While many studies have associated glyphosate with numerous adverse health effects, the mechanisms underlying glyphosate toxicity in mammals remain poorly understood. Here, we used activity-based protein profiling to map glyphosate targets in mice. We show that glyphosate at high doses can be metabolized in vivo to reactive metabolites such as glyoxylate and react with cysteines across many proteins in mouse liver. We show that glyoxylate inhibits liver fatty acid oxidation enzymes and glyphosate treatment in mice increases the levels of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, likely resulting from diversion of fatty acids away from oxidation and toward other lipid pathways. Our study highlights the utility of using chemoproteomics to identify novel toxicological mechanisms of environmental chemicals such as glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Ford
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Leslie A Bateman
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Leilani Gutierrez-Palominos
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robin Park
- Integrated Proteomics Applications, Inc., 12707 High Bluff Drive Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 127 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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14
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Medina-Cleghorn D, Bateman LA, Ford B, Heslin A, Fisher KJ, Dalvie ED, Nomura DK. Mapping Proteome-Wide Targets of Environmental Chemicals Using Reactivity-Based Chemoproteomic Platforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:1394-405. [PMID: 26496688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We are exposed to a growing number of chemicals in our environment, most of which have not been characterized in terms of their toxicological potential or mechanisms. Here, we employ a chemoproteomic platform to map the cysteine reactivity of environmental chemicals using reactivity-based probes to mine for hyper-reactive hotspots across the proteome. We show that environmental contaminants such as monomethylarsonous acid and widely used pesticides such as chlorothalonil and chloropicrin possess common reactivity with a distinct set of proteins. Many of these proteins are involved in key metabolic processes, suggesting that these targets may be particularly sensitive to environmental electrophiles. We show that the widely used fungicide chlorothalonil specifically inhibits several metabolic enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and energetics, leading to dysregulated lipid metabolism in mice. Our results underscore the utility of using reactivity-based chemoproteomic platforms to uncover novel mechanistic insights into the toxicity of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Cleghorn
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Leslie A Bateman
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ann Heslin
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karl J Fisher
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Esha D Dalvie
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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15
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Kong M, Ford B, Saulo D, Watchers-Smith L, Nakhla A, Guy R. O16.5 Health care attendance among aboriginal youth aged 15–19 years provides opportunities to improve human papillomarus virus (hpv) vaccination coverage. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Lorch R, Guy R, Temple-Smith M, Vaisey A, Wood A, Ford B, Murray C, Bourne C, Hall M, Hocking J. P08.26 The impact of education on australian practice nurses’ knowledge and attitudes in relation to chlamydia testing: findings from the australian chlamydia control effectiveness pilot (accept). Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Casida JE, Ford B, Jinsmaa Y, Sullivan P, Cooney A, Goldstein DS. Benomyl, aldehyde dehydrogenase, DOPAL, and the catecholaldehyde hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1359-61. [PMID: 25045800 PMCID: PMC4137984 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)
is detoxified mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). We find that
the fungicide benomyl potently and rapidly inhibits ALDH and builds
up DOPAL in vivo in mouse striatum and in
vitro in PC12 cells and human cultured fibroblasts and glial
cells. The in vivo results resemble those noted previously
with knockouts of the genes encoding ALDH1A1 and 2, a mouse model
of aging-related Parkinson’s disease (PD). Exposure to pesticides
that inhibit ALDH may therefore increase PD risk via DOPAL buildup.
This study lends support to the “catecholaldehyde hypothesis”
that the autotoxic dopamine metabolite DOPAL plays a pathogenic role
in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Casida
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-3112, United States
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18
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Liu X, Cheng R, Ye X, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Mejia-Santana H, Louis E, Cote L, Andrews H, Waters C, Ford B, Fahn S, Marder K, Lee J, Clark L. Increased Rate of Sporadic and Recurrent Rare Genic Copy Number Variants in Parkinson's Disease Among Ashkenazi Jews. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:142-154. [PMID: 24073418 PMCID: PMC3782064 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only one genome-wide study has assessed the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs) to Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a genome-wide scan for CNVs in a case–control dataset of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) origin (268 PD cases and 178 controls). Using high-confidence CNVs, we examined the global genome wide burden of large (≥100 kb) and rare (≤1% in the dataset) CNVs between cases and controls. A total of 986 such CNVs were observed in our dataset of 432 subjects. Overall global burden analyses did not reveal significant differences between cases and controls in CNV rate, distribution of deletions or duplications or number of genes affected by CNVs. Overall deletions (total CNV size and ≥2× frequency) were found 1.4 times more often in cases than in controls (P = 0.019). The large CNVs (≥500 kb) were also significantly associated with PD (P = 0.046, 1.24-fold higher in cases than in controls). Global burden was elevated for rare CNV regions. Specifically, for OVOS2 on Chr12p11.21, CNVs were observed only in PD cases (n = 7) but not in controls (P = 0.028) and this was experimentally validated. A total of 81 PD cases carried a rare genic CNV that was absent in controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified ATXN3, FBXW7, CHCHD3, HSF1, KLC1, and MBD3 in the same disease pathway with known PD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Bradley AS, Ford B, Bansal AS. Altered functional B cell subset populations in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared to healthy controls. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:73-80. [PMID: 23480187 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by disabling fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbance and several other symptoms. The onset of CFS may follow a viral infection or period of stress. Patients with CFS do not have hypogammaglobulinaemia, predisposition to recurrent bacterial infections or symptoms of autoimmunity. To date, defects in B cell numbers or function have not been shown in the literature. However, treatment with anti-B cell therapy using Rituximab has recently shown benefit to CFS patients. We therefore postulated that patients with CFS had a subtle humoral immune dysfunction, and performed extended B cell immunophenotyping. We undertook a detailed characterization of the proportions of the different B cell subsets in 33 patients with CFS fulfilling the Canadian and Fukada criteria for CFS and compared these with 24 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). CFS patients had greater numbers of naive B cells as a percentage of lymphocytes: 6·3 versus 3·9% in HC (P = 0·034), greater numbers of naive B cells as a percentage of B cells: 65 versus 47% in controls (P = 0·003), greater numbers of transitional B cells: 1·8 versus 0·8% in controls (P = 0·025) and reduced numbers of plasmablasts: 0·5 versus 0·9% in controls (P = 0·013). While the cause of these changes is unclear, we speculate whether they may suggest a subtle tendency to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bradley
- Department of Immunology, St Helier University Hospital NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK
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Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Orbe-Reilly M, Caccappolo E, Tang M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Nutt J, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark L, Marder K. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Participants with Juvenile PD: The CORE-PD Study (IN10-2.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in10-2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Orbe-Reilly M, Caccappolo E, Tang M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Nutt J, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark L, Marder K. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Participants with Juvenile PD: The CORE-PD Study (S42.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s42.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Caccappolo E, Alcalay R, Marder K, Tang M, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Ruiz D, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Colcher A, Comella C, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Mickel S, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Friedman J, Marsh L, Hiner B, Payami H, Molho E, Ottman R, Clark L. The Effect of Parkin Mutation Status on Cognitive Functioning in EOPD Patients with Long Disease Duration: The CORE-PD Study (PD7.008). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd7.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Marder K, Tang MX, Alcalay R, Rosado L, Mejia-Santana H, Caccappolo E, Ruiz D, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman J, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Payami H, Molho E, Factor S, Bressman S, Scott W, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Ottman R, Clark L. Estimating the Cumulative Risk of PD in Carriers of Parkin Mutations: The CORE-PD Study (PD4.007). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd4.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Alcalay RN, Caccappolo E, Mejia-Santana H, Tang MX, Rosado L, Orbe Reilly M, Ruiz D, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Louis E, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Siderowf A, Payami H, Molho E, Factor S, Ottman R, Clark LN, Marder K. Cognitive performance of GBA mutation carriers with early-onset PD: the CORE-PD study. Neurology 2012; 78:1434-40. [PMID: 22442429 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318253d54b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cognitive phenotype of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutation carriers with early-onset Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We administered a neuropsychological battery and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to participants in the CORE-PD study who were tested for mutations in PARKIN, LRRK2, and GBA. Participants included 33 GBA mutation carriers and 60 noncarriers of any genetic mutation. Primary analyses were performed on 26 GBA heterozygous mutation carriers without additional mutations and 39 age- and PD duration-matched noncarriers. Five cognitive domains, psychomotor speed, attention, memory, visuospatial function, and executive function, were created from transformed z scores of individual neuropsychological tests. Clinical diagnoses (normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], dementia) were assigned blind to genotype based on neuropsychological performance and functional impairment as assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score. The association between GBA mutation status and neuropsychological performance, CDR, and clinical diagnoses was assessed. RESULTS Demographics, UPSIT, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III performance did not differ between GBA carriers and noncarriers. GBA mutation carriers performed more poorly than noncarriers on the Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.035), and on the memory (p = 0.017) and visuospatial (p = 0.028) domains. The most prominent differences were observed in nonverbal memory performance (p < 0.001). Carriers were more likely to receive scores of 0.5 or higher on the CDR (p < 0.001), and a clinical diagnosis of either MCI or dementia (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION GBA mutation status may be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Winland C, Bolton J, Ford B, Jampana S, Tinker J, Frohardt R, Guarraci F, Zewail-Foote M. “Nice guys finish last”: Influence of mate choice on reproductive success in Long–Evans rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 105:868-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tagliati M, Gallo B, Mandybur G, Arle J, Elias W, Ford B, Horn S, Hung S, Jankovic J, Junn, F, Marshall F, Stewart R, Swope D, Verhagen L, Okun M. 2.300 SAFETY DATA IN A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF CONSTANT CURRENT DBS VERSUS LEAD PLACEMENT ALONE FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE MOTOR FLUCTUATIONS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bansal AS, Bradley AS, Bishop KN, Kiani-Alikhan S, Ford B. Chronic fatigue syndrome, the immune system and viral infection. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:24-31. [PMID: 21756995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as defined by recent criteria, is a heterogeneous disorder with a common set of symptoms that often either follows a viral infection or a period of stress. Despite many years of intense investigation there is little consensus on the presence, nature and degree of immune dysfunction in this condition. However, slightly increased parameters of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1, IL6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α are likely present. Additionally, impaired natural killer cell function appears evident. Alterations in T cell numbers have been described by some and not others. While the prevalence of positive serology for the common herpes viruses appears no different from healthy controls, there is some evidence of viral persistence and inadequate containment of viral replication. The ability of certain herpes viruses to impair the development of T cell memory may explain this viral persistence and the continuation of symptoms. New therapies based on this understanding are more likely to produce benefit than current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bansal
- Dept. of Immunology, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 1AA and Chronic Illness Research Team, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK.
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Srivastava A, Tang MX, Mejia-Santana H, Rosado L, Louis ED, Caccappolo E, Comella C, Colcher A, Siderowf A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Andrews H, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Alcalay RN, Ross B, Rezak M, Novak K, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Merle D, Ottman R, Clark LN, Marder K. The relation between depression and parkin genotype: the CORE-PD study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 17:740-4. [PMID: 21856206 PMCID: PMC3221786 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in parkin are a known genetic risk factor for early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) but their role in non-motor manifestations is not well established. Genetic factors for depression are similarly not well characterized. We investigate the role of parkin mutations in depression among those with EOPD and their relatives. METHODS We collected psychiatric information using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory II on 328 genotyped individuals including 88 probands with early onset PD (41 with parkin mutations, 47 without) and 240 first and second-degree relatives without PD. RESULTS Genotype was not associated with depression risk among probands. Among unaffected relatives of EOPD cases, only compound heterozygotes (n = 4), and not heterozygotes, had significantly increased risk of depressed mood (OR = 14.1; 95% CI 1.2-163.4), moderate to severe depression (OR = 17.8; 95% CI 1.0-332.0), depression (score ≥ 15) on the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) (OR = 51.9; 95% CI 4.1-657.4), and BDI-II total depression score (β = 8.4; 95% CI 2.4-11.3) compared to those without parkin mutations. CONCLUSIONS Relatives of EOPD cases with compound heterozygous mutations and without diagnosed PD may have a higher risk of depression compared to relatives without parkin mutations. These findings support evidence of a genetic contribution to depression and may extend the phenotypic spectrum of parkin mutations to include non-motor manifestations that precede the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M-X Tang
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Mejia-Santana
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Rosado
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - ED Louis
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Caccappolo
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Comella
- Department of Neurology/Movement Disorder Section, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Colcher
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Siderowf
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Jennings
- The Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-2716, USA
| | - M Nance
- Struthers Parkinson’s Center, Park Nicollet Clinic, Golden Valley, MN, USA
| | - S Bressman
- The Alan and Barbara Mirken Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - WK Scott
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - C Tanner
- Parkinson’s Institute, Sunnyvale, California, USA
| | - S Mickel
- Marshfield Clinic, Department of Neurology, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
| | - H Andrews
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Data Coordinating Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Waters
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Fahn
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Cote
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Frucht
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Ford
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - RN Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Ross
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Rezak
- Department of Neurology, at NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, at Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Novak
- Department of Neurology, at NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, at Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - JH Friedman
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of NeuroHealth, Warwick, Rhode Island
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. USA
| | - R Pfeiffer
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - L Marsh
- Morris K. Udall Parkinson’s Disease Research Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Hiner
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA
| | - D Merle
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Data Coordinating Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Ottman
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Epidemiology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - LN Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Marder
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Minen M, Rodman A, Foreman B, Motiwala R, Pullman S, Weiss M, Ford B. Clinical reasoning: a 40-year-old man with tremor and seizure. Neurology 2011; 77:e88-92. [PMID: 21987645 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823303c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Minen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Alcalay RN, Siderowf A, Ottman R, Caccappolo E, Mejia-Santana H, Tang MX, Rosado L, Louis E, Ruiz D, Waters C, Fahn S, Cote L, Frucht S, Ford B, Orbe-Reilly M, Ross B, Verbitsky M, Kisselev S, Comella C, Colcher A, Jennings D, Nance M, Bressman S, Scott WK, Tanner C, Mickel S, Rezak M, Novak KE, Friedman JH, Pfeiffer R, Marsh L, Hiner B, Clark LN, Marder K. Olfaction in Parkin heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes: the CORE-PD study. Neurology 2010; 76:319-26. [PMID: 21205674 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820882aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Parkinson disease (PD) is consistently associated with impaired olfaction, one study reported better olfaction among Parkin mutation carriers than noncarriers. Whether olfaction differs between Parkin mutation heterozygotes and carriers of 2 Parkin mutations (compound heterozygotes) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between Parkin genotype and olfaction in PD probands and their unaffected relatives. METHODS We administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to 44 probands in the Consortium on Risk for Early-Onset Parkinson Disease study with PD onset ≤50 years (10 Parkin mutation heterozygotes, 9 compound heterozygotes, 25 noncarriers) and 80 of their family members (18 heterozygotes, 2 compound heterozygotes, 60 noncarriers). In the probands, linear regression was used to assess the association between UPSIT score (outcome) and Parkin genotype (predictor), adjusting for covariates. Among family members without PD, we compared UPSIT performance in heterozygotes vs noncarriers using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for family membership, age, gender, and smoking. RESULTS Among probands with PD, compound heterozygotes had higher UPSIT scores (31.9) than heterozygotes (20.1) or noncarriers (19.9) (p < 0.001). These differences persisted after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, and smoking. Among relatives without PD, UPSIT performance was similar in heterozygotes (32.5) vs noncarriers (32.4), and better than in heterozygotes with PD (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Olfaction is significantly reduced among Parkin mutation heterozygotes with PD but not among their heterozygous relatives without PD. Compound heterozygotes with PD have olfaction within the normal range. Further research is required to assess whether these findings reflect different neuropathology in Parkin mutation heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Clark LN, Ross BM, Wang Y, Mejia-Santana H, Harris J, Louis ED, Cote LJ, Andrews H, Fahn S, Waters C, Ford B, Frucht S, Ottman R, Marder K. Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene are associated with early-onset Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007; 69:1270-7. [PMID: 17875915 PMCID: PMC3624967 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000276989.17578.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations in cases and controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEPD) study. METHODS We sequenced all exons of the GBA gene in 278 Parkinson disease (PD) cases and 179 controls enrolled in GEPD, with a wide range of age at onset (AAO), and that included a subset of 178 Jewish cases and 85 Jewish controls. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of PD, and cases were oversampled in the AAO < 50 years category. RESULTS 13.7% of PD cases (38/278) carried GBA mutations, compared with 4.5% of controls (8/179) (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.4). The frequency of GBA mutations was 22.2% in 90 cases with AAO < or = 50 years, compared with 9.7% in 185 cases with AAO > 50 years (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.3). Adjusting for age at the time of evaluation, sex, family history of PD, and Jewish ancestry, GBA carriers had a 1.7-year-earlier AAO of PD (95% CI 0.5 to 3.3, p < 0.04) than noncarriers. The average AAO of PD was 2.5 years earlier in carriers with an AAO < or = 50 years compared with noncarriers (95% CI 0.6 to 4.5, p < 0.01) and this was not seen in the AAO > 50 years group. The frequency of GBA mutations was higher in a subset of 178 cases that reported four Jewish grandparents (16.9%) than in cases who did not report Jewish ancestry (8.0%) (p < 0.01). Nine different GBA mutations were identified in PD cases, including 84insGG, E326K, T369M, N370S, D409H, R496H, L444P, RecNciI, and a novel mutation, P175P. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the Glucocerebrosidase gene may be a susceptibility gene for Parkinson disease and that Glucocerebrosidase mutations may modify age at onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Clark LN, Wang Y, Karlins E, Saito L, Mejia-Santana H, Harris J, Louis ED, Cote LJ, Andrews H, Fahn S, Waters C, Ford B, Frucht S, Ottman R, Marder K. Frequency of LRRK2 mutations in early- and late-onset Parkinson disease. Neurology 2006; 67:1786-91. [PMID: 17050822 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000244345.49809.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of leucine-rich repeat kinase gene (LRRK2) mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson disease (LOPD). METHODS We genotyped five previously reported LRRK2 mutations (G2019S, L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C) and 17 coding SNPs for haplotype analysis in 504 cases with PD and 314 controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of PD Study. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of PD and cases were oversampled in the < or =50 age at onset (AAO) category. RESULTS The LRRK2 G2019S mutation was present in 28 cases with PD (5.6%) and two controls (0.6%) (chi(2) = 13.25; p < 0.01; odds ratio 9.18, 95% CI: 2.17 to 38.8). The mutations L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C were not identified. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 4.9% in 245 cases with AAO < or =50 years vs 6.2% in 259 cases with AAO >50 (p = 0.56). All cases with PD with the G2019S mutation shared the same disease-associated haplotype. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was higher in the subset of 181 cases reporting four Jewish grandparents (9.9%) than in other cases (3.1%) (p < 0.01). Age-specific penetrance to age 80 was 24% and was similar in Jewish and non-Jewish cases. CONCLUSIONS The G2019S mutation is a risk factor in both early- and late-onset Parkinson disease and confirms the previous report of a greater frequency of the G2019S mutation in Jewish than in non-Jewish cases with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Clark
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, P&S Building, 14-434, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Goodman RR, Kim B, McClelland S, Senatus PB, Winfield LM, Pullman SL, Yu Q, Ford B, McKhann GM. Operative techniques and morbidity with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in 100 consecutive patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:12-7. [PMID: 16361585 PMCID: PMC2117411 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.069161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation for patients with medically refractory Parkinson disease (PD) is expanding. Reported experience has provided some indication of techniques, efficacy, and morbidity, but few centres have reported more than 50 patients. To expand this knowledge, we reviewed our experience with a large series of consecutive patients. METHODS From March 1999 to September 2003, 191 subthalamic stimulator devices (19 unilateral) were implanted in 100 patients with PD at New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center. Sixteen patients had undergone a prior surgery for PD (pallidotomy, thalamotomy, or fetal transplant). Microelectrode guided implantations were performed using techniques similar to those described previously. Electrode implantation occurred 1-2 weeks before outpatient pulse generator implantation. RESULTS Reductions of dyskinesias and off severity/duration were similar to prior published reports. Morbidity included: 7 device infections (3.7%), 1 cerebral infarct, 1 intracerebral haematoma, 1 subdural haematoma, 1 air embolism, 2 wound haematomas requiring drainage (1.0%), 2 skin erosions over implanted hardware (1.0%), 3 periprocedural seizures (1.6%), 6 brain electrode revisions (3.1%), postoperative confusion in 13 patients (6.8%), and 16 battery failures (8.4%). Of the 100 patients, there were no surgical deaths or permanent new neurological deficits. The average hospital stay for all 100 patients was 3.1 days. CONCLUSION Subthalamic stimulator implantation in a large consecutive series of patients with PD produced significant clinical improvement without mortality or major neurological morbidity. Morbidity primarily involved device infections and hardware/wound revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Goodman
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Neurology, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Thum MY, Bhaskaran S, Bansal AS, Shehata H, Ford B, Sumar N, Abdalla HI. Simple enumerations of peripheral blood natural killer (CD56+ NK) cells, B cells and T cells have no predictive value in IVF treatment outcome. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1272-6. [PMID: 15829490 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between the absolute counts of the peripheral natural killer (NK) cells (including total CD56(+) NK cells, CD56(dim) NK cells and CD56(bright) NK cells), B cells and T cells on the implantation rate and miscarriage rate after IVF treatment. METHODS This was a prospective observation study. A total of 138 patients who underwent IVF treatment from December 2002 to July 2003 were recruited to the study. Blood samples were obtained on the day of vaginal oocyte retrieval prior to the procedure. The absolute counts of lymphocytes, NK cells, B cells and T cells were identified by flow cytometry. These absolute counts and their relationships to IVF treatment outcome and miscarriage rate were analysed. RESULTS There were no significant differences with regard the mean values of absolute lymphocyte count, T cell count, B cell count and NK cell count (including total CD56(+) NK, CD56(dim) NK and CD56(bright) NK cells) between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups and also between the ongoing pregnancy and miscarriage groups. The cause of infertility, duration of infertility, basal FSH levels, number of previous failed IVF treatments, number of previous miscarriages and stimulation characteristics were not significantly different between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Previous studies have suggested that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and those with infertility accompanied by recurrent failed IVF treatments are associated with a peripheral blood NK cell percentage >12%, therefore further analysis of peripheral CD56(+) NK cell levels <12% (group A) and >12% (group B) was performed. There was no significant difference in implantation rate (group A: 17.0%; group B: 23.2%), pregnancy rate (group A: 36.6%; group B: 47.7%) or miscarriage rate (group A: 23.3%; group B: 28.6%). CONCLUSION There were no significant differences between simple enumerations of peripheral blood NK cells (including total CD56(+) NK, CD56(dim) NK and CD56(bright) NK cells), B cells and T cells with IVF treatment outcome and pregnancy outcome. Women who had a peripheral NK cell level >12% did not have higher number of previous pregnancy losses. Importantly their pregnancy rate was not reduced and their miscarriages were not increased compared to women who had a peripheral NK cells level <12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Thum
- Lister Fertility Clinic, Lister Hospital, London, UK.
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Saunders-Pullman R, Blau N, Hyland K, Zschocke J, Nygaard T, Raymond D, Shanker V, Mohrmann K, Arnold L, Tabbal S, deLeon D, Ford B, Brin M, Chouinard S, Ozelius L, Klein C, Bressman SB. Phenylalanine loading as a diagnostic test for DRD: interpreting the utility of the test. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 83:207-12. [PMID: 15542391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2004] [Revised: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine loading has been proposed as a diagnostic test for autosomal dominant DRD (dopa-responsive dystonia), and recently, a phenylalanine/tyrosine (phe/tyr) ratio of 7.5 after 4 h was reported as diagnostic of DRD. To test the utility of this test in another sample with DRD, we administered an oral challenge of phenylalanine (100 mg/kg) to 11 individuals with DRD and one non-manifesting gene carrier. Only 6/12 had a 4 h phe/tyr ratio of greater than 7.5, suggesting that additional parameters must be set to avoid missing the diagnosis of DRD, including the need for the plasma phenylalanine to reach a minimum level 600 in order for the test to be valid. We propose that in cases where this minimum plasma phenylalanine level is not reached, plasma tetrahydrobiopterin should be measured or alternatively other symptomatic family members should be screened.
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Thum MY, Bhaskaran S, Abdalla HI, Ford B, Sumar N, Shehata H, Bansal AS. An increase in the absolute count of CD56dimCD16+CD69+ NK cells in the peripheral blood is associated with a poorer IVF treatment and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2395-400. [PMID: 15319390 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the absolute count of the activation marker (CD69), IgG Fc receptor (CD16) and inhibitor marker (CD94) expression on peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells on implantation and miscarriage rates after IVF treatment. METHODS Prospective observational study of 138 randomly selected women who underwent IVF treatment from December 2002 to September 2003. NK cells were identified as CD56(+) (dim + bright) and CD3(-) by flow cytometry. The absolute counts of the CD69(+), CD16(+) and CD94(+)expressing NK cells were recorded and their relation to IVF treatment outcome and miscarriage rate was analysed. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) absolute count of the CD56(dim)CD16(+)CD69(+) NK cells for women who had a successful ongoing pregnancy was 0.61 x 10(6)/l (+/-0.31). For those women who failed to achieve a pregnancy, the mean value of the absolute count of CD56(dim)CD16(+)D69(+) NK cells was significantly (P=0.003) higher at 1.66 x 10(6)/l (+/-0.52). The absolute count of CD56(dim)CD16(+)CD94(+) and CD56(dim)CD16(+) NK cells did not show any statistically significant differences between those women with successful and failed IVF treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to select a CD69 threshold for further statistical analysis. The implantation rate (IR) was significantly lower (13.1%) and miscarriage rate (MR) was significantly higher (66.7%) for women with an absolute CD56(dim)CD16(+)CD69(+) NK cell count of >1.0 x 10(6)/l compared to women with count below this value (IR 28.2% and MR 16.7%). Further analysis of the absolute count of CD56(bright)CD69(+) and CD56(bright)CD94(+) NK cells did not show any significant difference between those women with successful and failed IVF treatment. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the absolute count of activated NK cells (CD56(dim)CD16(+)CD69(+)) in the peripheral blood is associated with a reduced rate of embryo implantation in IVF treatment. Furthermore, women with high CD56(dim)CD16(+)CD69(+) peripheral blood NK cell absolute count, who are able to achieve pregnancy, have a significantly higher miscarriage rate.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- Embryo Implantation
- Female
- Fertilization in Vitro
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infertility, Female/blood
- Infertility, Female/therapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Count
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Receptors, IgG/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Thum
- Lister Fertility Clinic, Lister Hospital, Chelsea Bridge Road, London SW1W 8RH, UK.
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Ford B, Winfield L, Pullman SL, Frucht SJ, Du Y, Greene P, Cheringal JH, Yu Q, Cote LJ, Fahn S, McKhann GM, Goodman RR. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease: blinded assessments at one year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:1255-9. [PMID: 15314110 PMCID: PMC1739226 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2003.027557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. DESIGN Open label follow up using blinded ratings of videotaped neurological examinations. PATIENTS 30 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (19 male, 11 female; mean age 58.8 years; mean disease duration 12.8 years), complicated by intractable wearing off motor fluctuations and dopaminergic dyskinesias. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), part III (motor), score at one year, from blinded reviews of videotaped neurological examinations. Secondary outcomes included the other UPDRS subscales, Hoehn and Yahr scale, activities of daily living (ADL) scale, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), estimates of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia severity, drug intake, and patient satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS Subthalamic nucleus stimulation was associated with a 29.5% reduction in motor scores at one year (p<0.0001). The only important predictors of improvement in UPDRS part III motor scores were the baseline response to dopaminergic drugs (p = 0.015) and the presence of tremor (p = 0.027). Hoehn and Yahr scores and ADL scores in the "on" and "off" states did not change, nor did the mean MMSE score. Weight gain occurred in the year after surgery, from (mean) 75.8 kg to 78.5 kg (p = 0.028). Duration of daily wearing off episodes was reduced by 69%. Dyskinesia severity was reduced by 60%. Drug requirements (in levodopa equivalents) declined by 30%. CONCLUSIONS The 30% improvement in UPDRS motor scores was a more modest result than previously reported. DBS did not improve functional capacity independent of drug use. Its chief benefits were reduction in wearing off duration and dyskinesia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ford
- Center for Movement Disorders Surgery, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Pons R, Ford B, Chiriboga CA, Clayton PT, Hinton V, Hyland K, Sharma R, De Vivo DC. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Neurology 2004; 62:1058-65. [PMID: 15079002 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.62.7.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is associated with severe developmental delay, oculogyric crises (OGC), and autonomic dysfunction. Treatment with dopamine agonists and MAO inhibitors is beneficial, yet long-term prognosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE To delineate the clinical and molecular spectrum of AADC deficiency, its management, and long-term follow-up. RESULTS The authors present six patients with AADC deficiency and review seven cases from the literature. All patients showed reduced catecholamine metabolites and elevation of 3-O-methyldopa in CSF. Residual plasma AADC activity ranged from undetectable to 8% of normal. Mutational spectrum was heterogeneous. All patients presented with hypotonia, hypokinesia, OGC, and signs of autonomic dysfunction since early life. Diurnal fluctuation or improvement of symptoms after sleep were noted in half of the patients. Treatment response was variable. Two groups of patients were detected: Group I (five males) responded to treatment and made developmental progress. Group II (one male, five females) responded poorly to treatment, and often developed drug-induced dyskinesias. CONCLUSIONS The molecular and clinical spectrum of AADC deficiency is heterogeneous. Two groups, one with predominant male sex and favorable response to treatment, and the other with predominant female sex and poor response to treatment, can be discerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pons
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Louis ED, Levy G, Mejia-Santana H, Cote L, Andrews H, Harris J, Waters C, Ford B, Frucht S, Fahn S, Ottman R, Marder K. Risk of action tremor in relatives of tremor-dominant and postural instability gait disorder PD. Neurology 2003; 61:931-6. [PMID: 14557562 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.61.7.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action tremor may be more prevalent in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than in relatives of control subjects. This tremor could represent mild PD or essential tremor. An estimate of the risk of this condition in families of patients with PD is important when studying the genetics of PD. OBJECTIVE S: To determine the risk of action tremor in first-degree relatives of probands with tremor-dominant PD (TD-PD) and postural instability gait disorder PD (PIGD-PD) compared with first-degree relatives of control probands. METHODS PD and control probands participated in a familial aggregation study of PD. The presence of action tremor in their relatives was ascertained from reports of one or more informants. Relatives who met diagnostic criteria for PD were excluded. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for gender, education, race, and vital status (dead vs alive) of the relatives were used to assess the relative risk (RR) of action tremor in first-degree relatives of PD probands vs first-degree relatives of control probands. RESULTS There were 487 PD probands, 409 control probands, and 5,563 relatives. The risk of action tremor was higher in the relatives of TD-PD probands than in the relatives of control probands (RR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.98) but not in the relatives of PIGD-PD probands compared with the relatives of control probands (RR = 1.81; 95% CI = 0.66 to 5.02). CONCLUSION The risk of action tremor was increased in the relatives of PD probands, particularly when they had TD-PD. Whether the tremor in these relatives represents essential tremor or an isolated manifestation of PD requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Marder K, Levy G, Louis ED, Mejia-Santana H, Cote L, Andrews H, Harris J, Waters C, Ford B, Frucht S, Fahn S, Ottman R. Accuracy of family history data on Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2003; 61:18-23. [PMID: 12847150 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000074784.35961.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies of PD frequently rely on family history interviews (FHI), yet the accuracy of data obtained in this way is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the interinformant reliability and validity of family history information on PD in first-degree relatives of PD cases and controls. METHODS A structured FHI was administered to nondemented PD cases and controls and to a second informant (self-report, sibling or child of the subject) for each relative. Interinformant agreement was assessed on four algorithm-derived diagnostic categories of PD: definite, definite or probable, definite, probable or possible ("conservative diagnosis"); or definite, probable, possible, or uncertain ("liberal diagnosis"). The sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic category were assessed, using as the gold standard diagnoses based on either in-person examination or medical record review. RESULTS Five hundred thirty-six families containing 2,225 first-degree relatives were included in the interinformant reliability study. Agreement between informants was excellent for definite or probable PD for all three pairwise comparisons: proband vs self-report (kappa = 0.92), proband vs sibling of subject (kappa = 0.80), and proband vs child of subject (kappa = 0.87). Agreement was also good to excellent for the conservative diagnosis (kappa = 0.66, 0.49, and 0.79). In the validity analysis (141 individuals in 96 families), the conservative diagnosis provided the best combination of sensitivity (95.5%) and specificity (96.2%) for the proband's family history report. No difference was apparent across categories defined by case or control status, relationship to the proband, or gender or age at onset of the proband. However, specificity was lower for deceased relatives than for living relatives. CONCLUSION The FHI can be used to obtain reliable and valid family history information on PD in first-degree relatives when a conservative diagnostic algorithm is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Marder
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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Chen Y, McCarron RM, Golech S, Bembry J, Ford B, Lenz FA, Azzam N, Spatz M. ET-1- and NO-mediated signal transduction pathway in human brain capillary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C243-9. [PMID: 12529247 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that functional interaction between endothelin (ET)-1 and nitric oxide (NO) involves changes in Ca(2+) mobilization and cytoskeleton in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. The focus of this investigation was to examine the possible existence of analogous interplay between these vasoactive substances and elucidate their signal transduction pathways in human brain capillary endothelial cells. The results indicate that ET-1-stimulated Ca(2+) mobilization in these cells is dose-dependently inhibited by NOR-1 (an NO donor). This inhibition was prevented by ODQ (an inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase) or Rp-8-CPT-cGMPS (an inhibitor of protein kinase G). Treatment of endothelial cells with 8-bromo-cGMP reduced ET-1-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in a manner similar to that observed with NOR-1 treatment. In addition, NOR-1 or cGMP reduced Ca(2+) mobilization induced by mastoparan (an activator of G protein), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, or thapsigargin (an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-ATPase). Interestingly, alterations in endothelial cytoskeleton (actin and vimentin) were associated with these effects. The data indicate for the first time that the cGMP-dependent protein kinase colocalizes with actin. These changes were accompanied by altered levels of phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, which were elevated in endothelial cells incubated with NOR-1 and significantly reduced by ODQ or Rp-8-CPT-cGMPS. The findings indicate a potential mechanism by which the functional interrelationship between ET-1 and NO plays a role in regulating capillary tone, microcirculation, and blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, USA
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Ford B, Descour M, Lynch R. Large-image-format computed tomography imaging spectrometer for fluorescence microscopy. Opt Express 2001; 9:444-53. [PMID: 19424362 DOI: 10.1364/oe.9.000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging has significantly enhanced the analysis of fixed specimens in pathology and cytogenetics. However, application of this technology to in vivo studies has been limited. This is due in part to the increased temporal resolution required to analyze changes in cellular function. Here we present a non-scanning instrument that simultaneously acquires full spectral information (460 nm to 740 nm) from every pixel within its 2-D field of view (200 ìm x 200 ìm) during a single integration time (typically, 2 seconds). The current spatial and spectral sampling intervals of the spectrometer are 0.985 ìm and 5 nm, respectively. These properties allow for the analysis of physiological responses within living biological specimens.
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Louis ED, Ford B, Frucht S, Ottman R. Mild tremor in relatives of patients with essential tremor: what does this tell us about the penetrance of the disease? Arch Neurol 2001; 58:1584-9. [PMID: 11594916 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.58.10.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild tremor may occur in relatives of patients with essential tremor (ET). However, this phenomenon has not been studied quantitatively or with a comparison group. Such a study may provide information on the penetrance of ET. OBJECTIVE To obtain data on the magnitude of tremor in case and control relatives who did not meet diagnostic criteria for ET. METHODS Cases with ET and control subjects from the Washington Heights-Inwood community in northern Manhattan, NY, were enrolled in a family study. Their first- and second-degree relatives underwent a videotaped tremor examination. Two neurologists rated the severity of tremor, assigning a total tremor score (0-36 [maximum]). Data were analyzed on 201 case relatives and 212 control relatives who did not meet diagnostic criteria for ET. RESULTS The mean total tremor score of first-degree case relatives was higher than that of first-degree control relatives (4.9 vs 3.9; P<.003). Total tremor scores for second-degree relatives did not differ (4.1 vs 4.2; P =.68). A larger percentage (55.2% vs 36.6%; P =.01) of first-degree case relatives had total tremor scores of 4 or more. Among first-degree relatives who were older than 60 years, 13 case relatives (59.1%) and 18 control relatives (45.0%) had total tremor scores of 4 or more. CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of seemingly normal case relatives may have a genetic predisposition for tremor. Even among older case relatives (> or =60 years of age), there was an increased prevalence of higher tremor scores, suggesting that in that age group, subclinical ET may be present and penetrance still may not be complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Focal task-specific dystonias are unusual disorders of motor control, often affecting individuals who perform complex repetitive movements. Musicians are especially prone to develop these disorders because of their training regimens and intense practice schedules. Task-specific dystonia occurring in keyboard or string instrumentalists usually affects the hand. In contrast, there have been few descriptions of musicians with task-specific dystonia affecting the muscles of the face and jaw. We report detailed clinical observations of 26 professional brass and woodwind players afflicted with focal task-specific dystonia of the embouchure (the pattern of lip, jaw, and tongue muscles used to control the flow of air into a mouthpiece). This is the largest and most comprehensively studied series of such patients. Patients developed embouchure dystonia in the fourth decade, and initial symptoms were usually limited to one range of notes or style of playing. Once present, dystonia progressed without remission and responded poorly to oral medications and botulinum toxin injection. Patients with embouchure dystonia could be separated by the pattern of their abnormal movements into several groups, including embouchure tremor, involuntary lip movements, and jaw closure. Dystonia not infrequently spread to other oral tasks, often producing significant disability. Effective treatments are needed for this challenging and unusual disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Frucht
- Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, The Neurological Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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Liu Y, Ford B, Mann MA, Fischbach GD. Neuregulins increase alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in GABAergic interneurons of the hippocampus. J Neurosci 2001; 21:5660-9. [PMID: 11466437 PMCID: PMC6762647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins are highly expressed in the CNS, especially in cholinergic neurons. We have examined the effect of neuregulin on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in neurons dissociated from the rat hippocampus. Rapid application of acetylcholine (ACh) induced a rapidly rising and decaying inward current in some of the neurons, which was completely blocked by methyllycaconitine, a specific antagonist of the alpha7 subunit of the nAChR. When the cells were treated with 5 nm neuregulin (NRG1-beta1) for 2-4 d, a twofold increase in amplitude of the peak ACh-induced current was observed, and there was a comparable increase in (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding. The fast ACh-induced peak current was prominent in large neurons that also contained GABA immunoreactivity. These presumptive GABAergic neurons constituted approximately 10% of neurons present in 7- to 9-d-old cultures. In addition to the large inward peak current, ACh also evoked transmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals. Pharmacologic experiments indicated that the shower of PSCs was mediated by glutamate, with a small minority caused by the action of GABA. Chronic exposure to NRG1-beta1 increased the amplitude of ACh-evoked PSCs but not the minimum "quantal" PSC. NRG1-beta1 also increased the percentage of neurons that exhibited ACh-evoked PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Section on Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tremor occurs in most normal individuals, and this tremor may offer basic clues about the mechanisms of neuromuscular control. It is not known whether genetic factors influence the magnitude of tremor in normal families. OBJECTIVE To assess the familial aggregation of tremor in normal families. METHODS Control subjects from the Washington Heights-Inwood community in northern Manhattan, NY, were enrolled in a family study. These subjects and their first- and second-degree relatives underwent a videotaped tremor examination. Two neurologists rated the severity of tremor on the videotaped examination, assigning a total tremor score (0 to 36 [maximum]). Associations between the control subjects' and their relatives' total tremor scores were assessed using correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. In addition, maximum likelihood methods were used to fit a linear mixed-effects model to the total tremor scores of probands and their siblings, after excluding any relatives with essential tremor. RESULTS There were 56 control subjects and 226 relatives. Tremor was clinically detectable in 221 (97.8%) of 226 relatives. There was an association between the control subjects' total tremor scores and those of their siblings (r = 0.40; p = 0.018), those of all of their first-degree relatives (siblings and children combined, r = 0.20; p = 0.037), but not those of their second-degree relatives (r = 0.002; p = 0.99). In analyses of probands and normal siblings, the estimate of the variance of the family-specific component of the age-adjusted total tremor score was different from zero (p < 0.005), and the family specific component was estimated to account for 52% of the variability in the scores. CONCLUSIONS Tremor aggregates in normal families, suggesting that genetic factors may contribute to its etiology. Other studies might be designed by investigators to identify these genes through genetic linkage or association analysis. Identification of such genes would help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this ubiquitous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Louis ED, Ford B, Frucht S, Barnes LF, X-Tang M, Ottman R. Risk of tremor and impairment from tremor in relatives of patients with essential tremor: a community-based family study. Ann Neurol 2001; 49:761-9. [PMID: 11409428 DOI: 10.1002/ana.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common condition that is present in as many as 23% of elderly individuals. Our objective was to determine the risk of ET and to study the impairment resulting from ET among relatives of ET cases compared to relatives of controls. ET cases and matched controls from the Washington Heights-Inwood community, New York, and their first- and second-degree relatives underwent a standardized tremor examination. The risk of having ET in relatives of cases vs relatives of controls was compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Five hundred ninety-one subjects were examined (59 ET cases, 72 controls, 234 case relatives, and 226 control relatives). ET was present in 25 (22.5%) of the 111 first-degree relatives of cases compared to 6 (5.6%) of 107 first-degree relatives of controls [relative risk (RR) = 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.90-11.49, p = 0.0008]. RRs were higher in relatives of cases with onset < or =50 years than in those with later onset (RR = 10.38 vs 4.82). Sixteen (64%) of twenty-five affected first-degree case relatives exhibited moderate tremor while performing tasks such as writing, drinking, or pouring. Relatives of ET patients are five times more likely to develop the disease than are members of the population and ten times more likely if the proband's tremor began at an early age. The majority of the affected relatives can expect to experience impairment resulting from tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
The role of dopamine in the modulation of speech fluency is complex. In this report we describe two patients with Parkinson's disease whose speech dysfluency was exacerbated by the administration of levodopa. In doing so, we extend the observation that dopaminergic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of speech fluency. It is important for clinicians to recognize that, in some instances, dopaminergic replacement therapy may exacerbate an underlying dysfluency syndrome in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The proportion of essential tremor (ET) cases that can be attributed to genetic factors is unknown; estimates range from 17--100%. One possible reason for this variability is that clinic and community cases may differ with regard to family history of ET. This is because clinic patients are self-selected and represent as few as 0.5% of all ET cases. Our goal was to determine whether ET cases ascertained from a clinic differed from those ascertained from a community in terms of the family history information that they provided. Subjects (57 clinic, 64 community) underwent a family history interview. Clinic cases were 4.73 times more likely to report an affected relative than were community cases. We conclude that there was a substantial difference between our clinic and community ET cases in terms of the information they provided regarding their family history. Selection and reporting biases could have accounted for this difference. Because of these biases, the source of the cases must be taken into consideration when investigators are trying to synthesize the widely variable results of studies that have estimated the genetic contribution to ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Louis
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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