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Keyes B, McCombe G, Broughan J, Frawley T, Guerandel A, Gulati G, Kelly BD, Osborne B, O'Connor K, Cullen W. Enhancing GP care of mental health disorders post-COVID-19: a scoping review of interventions and outcomes. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:470-486. [PMID: 35545971 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considerable literature has examined the COVID-19 pandemic's negative mental health sequelae. It is recognised that most people experiencing mental health problems present to primary care and the development of interventions to support GPs in the care of patients with mental health problems is a priority. This review examines interventions to enhance GP care of mental health disorders, with a view to reviewing how mental health needs might be addressed in the post-COVID-19 era. METHODS Five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and WHO 'Global Research on COVID-19') were searched from May - July 2021 for papers published in English following Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping review process. RESULTS The initial search identified 148 articles and a total of 29 were included in the review. These studies adopted a range of methodologies, most commonly randomised control trials, qualitative interviews and surveys. Results from included studies were divided into themes: Interventions to improve identification of mental health disorders, Interventions to support GPs, Therapeutic interventions, Telemedicine Interventions and Barriers and Facilitators to Intervention Implementation. Outcome measures reported included the Seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 'The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale'. CONCLUSION With increasing recognition of the mental health sequelae of COVID-19, there is a lack of large scale trials researching the acceptability or effectiveness of general practice interventions. Furthermore there is a lack of research regarding possible biological interventions (psychiatric medications) for mental health problems arising from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy Frawley
- UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allys Guerandel
- UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gautam Gulati
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brendan D Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Osborne
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
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Boland M, Higgins A, Beecher C, Bracken P, Burn W, Cody A, Framer A, Gronlund TA, Horowitz M, Huff C, Jayacodi S, Keating D, Kessler D, Konradsson Geuken A, Lamberson N, Montagu L, Osborne B, Smith R, Cadogan C. Priorities for future research on reducing and stopping psychiatric medicines using a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership: The PROTECT study protocol. HRB Open Res 2022; 5:72. [PMID: 37636245 PMCID: PMC10450262 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13649.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing number of service users looking to discontinue use of psychiatric medicines. Tapering is the recommended approach for reducing and/or discontinuing the use of psychiatric medicines. This involves gradually reducing the dose over time to minimise the potential for withdrawal symptoms. However, many uncertainties exist regarding the process of reducing and stopping psychiatric medicines. This study will use a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to determine the Top 10 unanswered questions and uncertainties about reducing and stopping psychiatric medicines. Methods : The Priority Setting Partnership will be conducted using the James Lind Alliance methodology. It will involve seven stages: (i) creating an international Steering Group of representatives from key stakeholder groups that will include people with lived experience of taking and/or stopping psychiatric medicines, family members, carers/supporters and healthcare professionals, and identifying potential partners to support key activities (e.g. dissemination); (ii) gathering uncertainties about reducing and stopping psychiatric medicines from key stakeholders using an online survey; (iii) data processing and summarising the survey responses; (iv) checking the summary questions against existing evidence and verifying uncertainties; (v) shortlisting the questions using a second online survey; (vi) determining the Top 10 research questions through an online prioritisation workshop; (vii) disseminating results. Conclusions : This study will use a Priority Setting Partnership to generate a Top 10 list of research questions and uncertainties about reducing and stopping psychiatric medicines. This list will help to guide future research and deliver responsive and strategic allocation of research resources, with a view to ultimately improving the future health and well-being of individuals who are taking psychiatric medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Boland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnes Higgins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Beecher
- Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pat Bracken
- Independent Consultant Psychiatrist, West Cork, Ireland
| | - Wendy Burn
- Past President of, Royal College of Psychiatrists, England, UK
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK
| | - Anne Cody
- Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Mark Horowitz
- Research and Development Department, Goodmayes Hospital, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Kessler
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Asa Konradsson Geuken
- Section of Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden, Sweden
- European Federation of Associations of Families of People with Mental Illness, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Nicole Lamberson
- Benzodiazepine Information Coalition, Utah, USA
- International Institute for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal, United Kingdom, UK
- Inner Compass Initiative's The Withdrawal Project, United States, USA
| | - Luke Montagu
- Council for Evidence-based Psychiatry, United Kingdom, UK
| | - Brian Osborne
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Cathal Cadogan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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McBride A, Collins C, Osborne B, McVeigh H. Does continuing professional development enhance patient care? A survey of Irish based general practitioners : Successful implementation of mandatory CPD in Irish General Practice. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:220. [PMID: 35361199 PMCID: PMC8969396 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Irish Medical Council has regulated mandatory continuing professional development (CPD) for doctors since 2011 to enhance the quality and safety of Irish healthcare. The Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP), as the professional body for general practitioners (GPs) in Ireland, operates a Professional Competence Scheme (PCS) for doctors working in general practice. As PCS evolves over time, it is important to measure the impact of mandatory CPD on patient care. The ICGP undertook this study to answer the research question: Does CPD enhance patient care? Research has been conducted on the impact of CPD on the medical profession, both in Ireland and abroad, on GP engagement with existing CPD supports and on the impact of CPD for GPs in other countries. To date, no study has been carried out in Ireland on GP views on the impact of mandatory CPD on patient care or on which type of CPD activity is perceived to be the most effective in this regard. METHODS All PCS enrollees on the 2018/2019 year who had provided an email address (n = 4,415) were asked to complete an anonymous online survey available in April and May 2019. The survey aimed to obtain feedback on existing CPD supports, enhancement of CPD supports, CPD impact on general practice and on patient care. The survey questions which related specifically to patient care were used to inform this paper. RESULTS A total of 1,233 (27.9%) PCS enrolees participated in the survey. Overall, 73.9% (n = 836) of respondents agreed that CPD assisted them in improving the quality of patient care with females significantly more likely to consider that CPD improved patient care. A total of 74.9% (n = 848) reported changes to patient management as a result of CPD activity and over half (56.4%; n = 464) of these believed that external CPD activity (courses/conferences) had the most potential to benefit their patient care, however, differences were observed across gender and age group. CONCLUSION The majority of GPs who completed the survey found CPD engagement beneficial to their patient care. The majority of respondents agree that peer engagement activities are most likely to impact patient care thus demonstrating that mandatory CPD has been successfully implemented in this respect in Irish general practice. However, there is a difference in response to the various CPD formats across different demographic cohorts and this should be considered when designing the format of educational activities.
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Larkin J, Pericin I, Osborne B, Dodd P, Collins C. Cross-sectional analysis of coding, patient characteristics, consultation frequency and pharmacological treatment of adults with severe mental disorders in Irish general practice. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1785-1793. [PMID: 34495480 PMCID: PMC9308602 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background General practitioners are the gatekeepers of Irish healthcare and they offer continuity of care to patients. Irish general practice is therefore considered appropriate for preventing, diagnosing and managing most mental health problems. Aims This study sought to establish the coding frequency, consultation frequency, patient characteristics and pharmacological treatment of patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs) in Irish general practice. Methods A cross-sectional design was used. A finder tool embedded in the practice software assisted general practitioners (GPs) coding adult patients with SMDs. Eleven practices uploaded anonymous data on 2,203 patients. Variables analysed included disease code, consultations, prescriptions, sex, patient status and age. Results Overall, 2.9% (n = 2,337) of patients had ever been coded with a SMD, 2.4% (n = 1,964) coded with depressive disorder ever and 0.26% (n = 209) and 0.3% (n = 233) with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Overall, 68.0% (n = 1,336) of patients with depressive disorder were female, and 74.0% (n = 171) of patients with schizophrenia were public patients. The median consultation rate in the previous 3 years was highest for schizophrenia patients at 24.5 visits. Conclusions Coding of SMDs in Irish general practice appears incomplete. Patients with SMDs have high consultation rates. Patients with depressive disorder are more likely to be female and public patients. This research suggests that the improvement of coding in Irish general practice is the first practical step required to detecting prevalence rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11845-021-02747-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Larkin
- Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivana Pericin
- Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Osborne
- Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Dodd
- Mental Health Services, Health Services Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Collins
- Irish College of General Practitioners, 4-5 Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland.
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Collins C, Finegan P, O'Shea M, Larkin J, Pericin I, Osborne B. Promoting physical health among people with enduring mental illness: a qualitative study of healthcare providers' perspectives. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044855. [PMID: 33883151 PMCID: PMC8061849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with enduring mental illness (EMI) have higher morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases than the general population, and this results in a significantly reduced relative life expectancy-accounted for primarily by physical illness. This gap may be partly influenced by the reduced likelihood of access to and uptake of regular physical health screening. AIM To establish Irish service providers' perspectives regarding the care of the physical health of people with EMI in an effort to inform future service developments aimed at improving the physical health of people with EMI. DESIGN AND SETTING Qualitative study of healthcare providers-general practitioners (GPs) and members of the community mental health teams-in Ireland. PARTICIPANTS GPs and mental health service providers. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 service providers. Thematic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Participants considered that the physical health of people with EMI is not currently regularly addressed by the patient's GP or the mental health team. Factors associated with this include patient compliance with attendance, time constraints in consultations to adequately support patient self-management, communication difficulties with the patient and between primary and secondary care, and lack of clarity as to whose responsibility it is to ensure physical health is monitored. In participants' view, a barrier to improvement is the present funding approach. CONCLUSION The evidence from this study has the potential to form the basis for innovation and change in service delivery for people with an EMI in Ireland and internationally, specifically in countries where it is not clear who has the overall responsibility to monitor the physical health of patients with EMI. This role requires time and regular contact, and both the organisation and the funding of the health system need to support it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Collins
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pearse Finegan
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie O'Shea
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Larkin
- HRB Centre for Primary Care Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivana Pericin
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Osborne
- Research Centre, Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
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Warta K, Slaughter G, Lu X, Corbett W, Shakar R, Duggan K, Osborne B, Beste T. Pain Scores and Opioid Use Following Preoperative Spinal Anesthesia for Benign Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dahm MR, Brown A, Martin D, Williams M, Osborne B, Basseal J, Potter M, Hardie RA, Li J, Thomas J, Georgiou A. Interaction and innovation: practical strategies for inclusive consumer-driven research in health services. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031555. [PMID: 31848163 PMCID: PMC6936998 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advances in the co-creation of clinical research involving consumers in the last few decades, consumer engagement in health services research generally remains inconsistent and is too often treated as a perfunctory exercise. OBJECTIVE Drawing on a health services study on diagnostic test result management, communication and follow-up, we: (1) outline practical strategies used to enhance the contribution of health consumer representatives across all stages of health services research, including active involvement in prioritising objectives for data analysis and participating in data analysis and the dissemination of findings; and (2) describe the impact of continued engagement of consumers on the programme of research, the interpretation of findings and their translational potential. KEY INNOVATIONS Key enabling innovations for engagement included: (1) planned opportunities for long-term consumer involvement across all stages of the research process from conception to dissemination; (2) enhanced consumer engagement capacity; (3) purposeful recruitment of appropriately trained consumers; (4) provision of support structures for active consumer involvement in research design, analysis and write-up; and (5) financial support for consumer involvement. IMPACT/CONCLUSION Enhancing consumer contribution and establishing inclusive research design requires a negotiated, interactive, meaningful and transparent process. As a collaborative approach, consumer-driven research involvement offers opportunities for new, often unexpected or unexplored perspectives to feature across the whole research process. In a move away from tokenistic consumer involvement, consumers and researchers who participated in this novel and immersive research project identified inclusive research as a powerful tool to enhance health services research and its translation into effective policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dahm
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Communication in Health Care, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anthony Brown
- Health Consumers New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dean Martin
- Consumer Representative, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Brian Osborne
- Health Consumers New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jocelyne Basseal
- Consumer Representative, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine, Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary Potter
- Health Consumers New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rae-Anne Hardie
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Li
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith Thomas
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hossain F, Ucar D, Majumder S, Xu K, Ran Y, Minter L, Xi Y, Burow M, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Abstract P6-22-01: Repurposing sulindac sulfide as a notch inhibitor to target cancer stem-like cells in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-22-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive breast cancers. TNBC patients have a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and current treatment options remain limited. There is strong evidence supporting the involvement of Notch signaling in TNBC progression. Expression of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 correlate with poor prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that escape chemo or radiation therapy in TNBC are often Notch-dependent. At the same time, there is evidence that active tumor immunity predicts good response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC. Notch inhibitors, including Gamma Secretase Inhibitors (GSIs) are quite effective in preclinical models of TNBC, where they eliminate CSCs resistant to chemotherapy. However, the success of GSIs in clinical trials is limited by their intestinal toxicity and adverse immunological effects. CD4 and CD8 T-cells, necessary to adaptive tumor immunity, require Notch1 for activation. Our overarching goal is to replace GSIs with agents that lack their systemic toxicity and adverse immunological effects. We identified Sulindac Sulfide (SS), the active metabolite of FDA-approved NSAID Sulindac, as a potential candidate to replace GSI. SS has Gamma Secretase Modifier (GSM) activity. We confirmed that SS inhibits Notch1 cleavage in TNBC cells. SS significantly inhibited mammosphere growth in all human and murine TNBC models we tested: 1) human MDA-MB-231 cells; 2) murine TNBC model C0321, from targeted conditional knockout of Lunatic Fringe (LFng-/-); and 3) Two TNBC patient-derived xenograft models, 2K1 and 4IC. In contrast, SS did not inhibit Notch expression or cleavage in murine T cells. In C0321 tumors, which recapitulate human mesenchymal TNBC, we found that SS had remarkable single-agent anti-tumor activity and virtually eliminated Notch1 expression in tumors. SS caused an increase in intra-tumoral CD11c+ dendritic cells, but decreased CD4 cells, which in this model are largely PD-1 positive (exhausted). CD8 cells were modestly increased. SS did not affect the number of tumor infiltrating macrophages or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, SS blocked the immunosuppressive function of bone marrow-derived MDSC. We are currently investigating the mechanisms of this anti-tumor activity. Our data support further investigation of SS for the treatment of TNBC, with standard of care or with immunotherapy agents. Repurposing an FDA-approved, safe agent for the treatment of TNBC would be significantly easier and more cost-effective than developing unproven investigational agents.
Citation Format: Hossain F, Ucar D, Majumder S, Xu K, Ran Y, Minter L, Xi Y, Burow M, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Repurposing sulindac sulfide as a notch inhibitor to target cancer stem-like cells in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-22-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hossain
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - D Ucar
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - S Majumder
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - K Xu
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Y Ran
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - L Minter
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Y Xi
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - M Burow
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - T Golde
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - B Osborne
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - L Miele
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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Sultani G, Bentley N, Osborne B, Joshi S, Araki T, Montgomery M, Polly P, Byrne F, Wu L, Turner N. PO-011 Impact of compartment-specific changes in NAD biosynthesis on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hossain F, Sorrentino C, Ucar Bilyeu AD, Matossian M, Crabtree J, Pannuti A, Burow M, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Abstract P6-07-06: Targeting cancer stem-like cells metabolism via non-canonical notch signaling pathways in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-07-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases. TNBC patients have high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and current treatment options remain limited. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been linked to cancer initiation, progression and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore CSC-targeted therapies are keenly sought. There is strong evidence for the involvement of Notch signaling in TNBC. Notch1 is highly expressed in Basal-like 1 (BL1) and especially Mesenchymal-Stem-Like (MSL) TNBCs. Expression of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 correlate with poor prognosis. Moreover, strong evidence supports key roles of different Notch paralogs in breast CSCs. Here, we demonstrate that Notch activation by Jagged1-expressing stromal cells enhances transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene cIAP-2 (BIRC3), a known NF-κB target. This event is dependent on recruitment to the cIAP-2 promoter of NF-κB subunits, IKKα and Notch1. Short term exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells (MSL, PTEN wild-type), but not MDA-MB-468 cells (BL1, PTEN-null) to recombinant Jagged1 leads to AKT phosphorylation. This is suppressed by AKT inhibitors, IKK inhibitors, and dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors but not an mTORC1-selective inhibitor. These observations support a model where canonical and non-canonical mechanisms downstream of Notch1 trigger AKT phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in PTEN wild type TNBC cells. Rapid AKT phosphorylation downstream of Notch1 requires mTORC2, PI3K and IKKα, and contributes to NF-κB activation. This suggests a bidirectional crosstalk between the IKKα and AKT arms of this Jagged1-activated pathway. Importantly, we find co-localization of Notch1 with Mitochondria in MDA-MB-231 cells by confocal microscopy and Western blot of isolated mitochondrial fractions. We demonstrate that recombinant Jagged1 increases metabolism of TNBC cells. Knockdown of Notch1 or IKKα by siRNA decreases mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. CSCs derived from MDA-MB-231 cells have increased Notch1, p-AKT, and oxidative metabolism compared to non-stem cells. AKT inhibition or IKK inhibition decreases both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of TNBC derived CSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch cleavage by gamma secretase inhibitor (PF-03084014) in combination with AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) or IKK inhibitor (Bay11-7082) blocks CD90hi or CD44+CD24low sorted secondary mammospheres formation. Notably, we find similar results in TNBC patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. These data suggest that combination treatments affecting the intersection of Notch, NF-kB and AKT pathways have potential therapeutic importance in targeting CSCs in TNBC cases with high Notch1 expression.
Citation Format: Hossain F, Sorrentino C, Ucar Bilyeu AD, Matossian M, Crabtree J, Pannuti A, Burow M, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Targeting cancer stem-like cells metabolism via non-canonical notch signaling pathways in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hossain
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - C Sorrentino
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - AD Ucar Bilyeu
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - M Matossian
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - J Crabtree
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - A Pannuti
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - M Burow
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - T Golde
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - B Osborne
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - L Miele
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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11
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Kalda R, Silina V, Bayen-Krohn S, Deruytter N, Streit S, Verschoor M, Rodondi Bonfim Daiana N, Burman RA, Canan T, Collins C, Gerasimovska Biljana K, Gintere S, Bravo Gómez R, Hoffmann K, Biyiklioglu T, Kolesnyk P, Mechili EA, Harris M, Schonmann Y, Bleich O, Matalon A, Yeshua H, Vinker S, Prus J, Comaneshter DS, Cohen AD, Lahad A, Terjajeva L, Silina V, Skurule I, Le Reste JY, Le Mer R, Derriennic J, odorico M, le Goff D, Lalande S, Nabbe P, Le Floch B, Billot Grasset A, Baptiste Nousbaum J, Collins C, O’Shea M, Wrigley M, Ryan J, Osborne B, Thakore J, Hanlon DO, Finegan P, Skuja E, Kristina Zackrisson E, Skuja I, Biyiklioglu T, Kolesnyk P, Mechili EA, Harris M, Bösner S, Abushi J, Donner-Banzhoff N, Stolper E, Van Royen P, van de Wiel M, van Bokhoven L, Jan Dinant G, Schmalstieg K, Himmel W, Hummers E, Pautrat M, Laporte C, Pierre Lebeau J, Ivanova J, Silina V, Muñoz MA, Vaillant-Roussel H, Lingner H, Demurtas J, Neves AL, Torsza P, Asenova R, Klemenc-Ketis Z, Glynn L, Kulbay H, Verdú JM, Tabenkin H, Nothnagle M, Borkan J, Schlöszler K, Splittgerber R, Kühlwind A, Donner-Banzhoff N, Saxvik A, Franz A, Hagqvist I, Rödjer S, Bondjers G, Saxvik A, Petek Šter M, Selič P, Hauswaldt J, Heinemann S, Verhoeven A, Leuridan E, Peremans L, Remmen R, Mada L, Tilea R. European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN) Abstracts from the EGPRN conference in Riga, Latvia, 11?14 May 2017. Theme: 'Reducing the risk of chronic diseases in general practice/family medicine'. Eur J Gen Pract 2017; 23:227-240. [PMID: 29022405 PMCID: PMC5965853 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2017.1357694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kalda
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vija Silina
- Department of Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Sven Streit
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | | | | | - Robert A. Burman
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Tuz Canan
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Claire Collins
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | | | - Sandra Gintere
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Raquel Bravo Gómez
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Kath Hoffmann
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | | | | | | | | | - Yochai Schonmann
- Clalit Health Services and Department of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O. Bleich
- Clalit Health Services and Department of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andre Matalon
- Clalit Health Services and Department of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanny Yeshua
- Clalit Health Services and Department of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Judit Prus
- Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ashdod, Israel
| | | | | | - Amnon Lahad
- Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ashdod, Israel
| | | | - Vija Silina
- Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Iveta Skurule
- Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Salaspils, Latvia
| | | | - Ronan Le Mer
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | | | - Michele odorico
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Delphine le Goff
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Lalande
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Patrice Nabbe
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Bernard Le Floch
- General Practice, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elina Skuja
- Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvija
| | | | - Ilze Skuja
- Family Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvija
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erik Stolper
- General Practice, CAPHRI, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Schmalstieg
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Himmel
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Hummers
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maxime Pautrat
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, Faculté de médecine, Tours, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, Faculté de médecine, Tours, France
| | - Jean Pierre Lebeau
- Département universitaire de médecine générale, Faculté de médecine, Tours, France
| | | | - Vija Silina
- Continuing education faculty, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Miguel-Angel Muñoz
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helene Vaillant-Roussel
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heidrun Lingner
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana-Luisa Neves
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Torsza
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Radost Asenova
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liam Glynn
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hayriye Kulbay
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José-Maria Verdú
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Primary Healthcare University Research Institute IDIAP-Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hava Tabenkin
- Family Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Ein Harod M, Israel
| | | | - Jeffrey Borkan
- Family Medicine, Ben Gurion University, Ein Harod M, Israel
| | | | | | - Anne Kühlwind
- Family Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ausra Saxvik
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Anna Franz
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Inger Hagqvist
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Stig Rödjer
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Göran Bondjers
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Ausra Saxvik
- Family Physician Center Närhälsan Öckerö, PLUS program, Hönö, Sweden
| | - Marija Petek Šter
- Department for Family medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Selič
- Department for Family medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johannes Hauswaldt
- University Medicine Göttingen, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinemann
- University Medicine Göttingen, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann Verhoeven
- Centre for general practice-department Eliza, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for general practice-department Eliza, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Lieve Peremans
- Centre for general practice-department Eliza, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Roy Remmen
- Centre for general practice-department Eliza, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Leonard Mada
- Department of Research, Syonic SRL, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Tilea
- Department of Research, Syonic SRL, Timisoara, Romania
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12
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Sultani G, Samsudeen AF, Osborne B, Turner N. NAD + : A key metabolic regulator with great therapeutic potential. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28718934 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is a ubiquitous metabolite that serves an essential role in the catabolism of nutrients. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in NAD+ biology, with the recognition that NAD+ influences many biological processes beyond metabolism, including transcription, signalling and cell survival. There are a multitude of pathways involved in the synthesis and breakdown of NAD+ , and alterations in NAD+ homeostasis have emerged as a common feature of a range of disease states. Here, we provide an overview of NAD+ metabolism and summarise progress on the development of NAD+ -related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sultani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - A F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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13
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Hossain F, Peng Y, Pannuti A, Backus K, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Abstract P5-07-06: A novel non-canonical Notch1-IKKα-mTORC2-AKT pathway maintains survival in triple negative breast cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-07-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive breast cancers. TNBC patients have high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and current treatment options remain limited. There is strong evidence for the involvement of Notch signaling in TNBC and in breast cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Notch1 is highly expressed in Basal-like 1 (BL1) and especially Mesenchymal-Stem-Like (MSL) TNBCs. Expression of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 correlate with poor prognosis. Treatment of TNBC with dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors leads to resistance through activation of Notch1. Expression of Notch1 protein correlates with pAKT and nuclear NF-κB in TNBC. Here, we demonstrate that Notch1 promotes cell survival in MDA-MB-231 cells, representative of MSL TNBC, in part by activating NF-κB. Notch activation by Jagged1-expressing stromal cells enhances transcription of the anti-apoptotic gene cIAP-2 (BIRC3), a known NF-κB target. This event is dependent on recruitment to the cIAP-2 promoter of NF-κB subunits, IKKα and Notch1. Short term exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells (MSL, PTEN wild-type), but not MDA-MB-468 cells (BL1, PTEN-null) to recombinant Jagged1 leads to rapid AKT phosphorylation. This is suppressed by dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors, AKT inhibitors and IKKα inhibitors but not Everolimus (mTORC1-selective inhibitor). Rapid AKT phosphorylation downstream of Notch1 requires mTORC2, PI3K and IKKα, and contributes to NF-κB activation. These observations support a model where canonical and non-canonical mechanisms downstream of Notch1 trigger rapid AKT phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in PTEN wild-type TNBC cells. Both arms of this pathway require IKKα. CSCs derived from MDA-MB-231 cells have increased Notch1, pAKT and pIKKα expression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of Notch and AKT or Notch and IKKα completely blocks secondary mammosphere formation. These data and published literature suggest that: 1) IKKα connects the Notch and mTORC2/AKT pathways in some TNBC subtypes; 2) IKKα is also required for nuclear Notch1-mediated NF-kB activation and may be a critical node in the Notch signaling network; 3) A feedback mechanism may exist in some TNBC cells between mTORC2/AKT and Notch1; 4) The non-canonical Notch-IKKα-AKT pathway has a potential therapeutic role in targeting CSCs of selected TNBC subtypes.
Citation Format: Hossain F, Peng Y, Pannuti A, Backus K, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. A novel non-canonical Notch1-IKKα-mTORC2-AKT pathway maintains survival in triple negative breast cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hossain
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Y Peng
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - A Pannuti
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - K Backus
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - T Golde
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - B Osborne
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - L Miele
- LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA; Loyola University Chicago; University of Mississippi; University of Florida; University of Massachusetts Amherst
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14
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Hayward B, Molero JC, Windmill K, Sanigorski A, Weir J, McRae NL, Aston-Mourney K, Osborne B, Liao B, Walder KR, Meikle PJ, Konstantopoulos N, Schmitz-Peiffer C. Pathways of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism Involved in the Reversal of Palmitate-Induced Glucose Production by Metformin and Salicylate. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:602-612. [PMID: 27684726 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathways through which fatty acids induce insulin resistance have been the subject of much research. We hypothesise that by focussing on the reversal of insulin resistance, novel insights can be made regarding the mechanisms by which insulin resistance can be overcome. Using global gene and lipid expression profiling, we aimed to identify biological pathways altered during the prevention of palmitate-induced glucose production in hepatocytes using metformin and sodium salicylate. FAO hepatoma cells were treated with palmitate (0.075 mM, 48 h) with or without metformin (0.25 mM) and sodium salicylate (2 mM) in the final 24 h of palmitate treatment, and effects on glucose production were determined. RNA microarray measurements followed by gene set enrichment analysis were performed to investigate pathway regulation. Lipidomic analysis and measurement of secreted bile acids and cholesterol were also performed. Reversal of palmitate-induced glucose production by metformin and sodium salicylate was characterised by co-ordinated down-regulated expression of pathways regulating acetyl-CoA to cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis. All 20 enzymes that regulate the conversion of acetyl-CoA to cholesterol were reduced following metformin and sodium salicylate. Selected findings were confirmed using primary mouse hepatocytes. Although total intracellular levels of diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters increased with palmitate, these were not, however, further altered by metformin and sodium salicylate. 6 individual diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester species containing 18:0 and 18:1 side-chains were reduced by metformin and sodium salicylate. These results implicate acetyl-CoA metabolism and C18 lipid species as modulators of hepatic glucose production that could be targeted to improve glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hayward
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J C Molero
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - K Windmill
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Sanigorski
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - J Weir
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N L McRae
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - K Aston-Mourney
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia
| | - B Liao
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K R Walder
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - P J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Konstantopoulos
- School of Medicine - Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - C Schmitz-Peiffer
- Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zummer M, Rahman P, Starr M, Kelsall J, Avina-Zubieta A, Baer P, Sholter D, Teo M, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Osborne B, Maslova K, Nantel F, Lehman A, Tkaczyk C. FRI0467 Predictors of Early Minimal Disease Activity in PSA Patients Treated with Anti-TNF in A Real-World Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Starr M, Haraoui B, Choquette D, Bessette L, Chow A, Baer P, Kapur S, Kelsall J, Teo M, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Nantel F, Lehman A, Osborne B, Maslova K, Tkaczyk C. AB0220 What Proportion of Patients Fail To Achieve CDAI and SDAI Remission Based on Physician Global Assessment? An Analysis from A Prospective, Observational Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Bessette L, Kapur S, Zummer M, Starr M, Choquette D, Sheriff M, Olszynski W, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Osborne B, Maslova K, Nantel F, Lehman A, Tkaczyk C. AB0661 Predictors of Response in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Infliximab or Golimumab in A Real-World Setting. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kelsall J, Choquette D, Rahman P, Arendse R, Teo M, Fortin I, Avina-Zubieta J, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Maslova K, Osborne B, Tkaczyk C, Nantel F, Lehman A. FRI0421 What Is The Location of Enthesitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients and How Do They Respond To Anti-TNF Treatment?: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Starr M, Zummer M, Choquette D, Haraoui B, Rahman P, Sheriff M, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Osborne B, Lehman A, Maslova K, Nantel F, Tkaczyk C. AB0684 Gender Specific Differences in Ankylosing Spondylitis at Treatment Initiation in Patients Treated with Infliximab or Golimumab: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Arendse R, Haraoui B, Choquette D, Kelsall J, Baer P, Sholter D, Bensen W, Bell M, Teo M, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Osborne B, Tkaczyk C, Maslova K, Nantel F, Lehman A. FRI0579 What Is The Variability of HAQ over Time in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Anti-TNF? Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Keystone E, Baer P, Olszynski W, Baker M, Haraoui B, Bensen W, Faraawi R, Rampakakis E, Sampalis J, Lehman A, Nantel F, Osborne B, Tkaczyk C, Maslova K. FRI0172 Primary and Secondary Non-Response in RA Patients Treated with An anti-TNF: An Analysis from A Prospective, Observational Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Starr M, Zummer M, Choquette D, Haraoui B, Sholter D, Arendse R, Fortin I, Bessette L, Rahman P, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Lehman A, Maslova K, Osborne B, Nantel F, Tkaczyk C. SAT0394 Impact of Disease Duration on Patient Reported and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Anti-TNF: An Analysis from A Prospective, Observational Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Arendse R, Rahman P, Avina-Zubieta J, Choquette D, Zummer M, Baker M, Stewart J, Fortin I, Teo M, Rampakakis E, Psaradellis E, Osborne B, Tkaczyk C, Maslova K, Nantel F, Lehman A. FRI0429 What Is The Location of Dactylitis in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients and How Do They Respond To Anti-TNF Treatment?: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Braude JP, Osborne B, Brown SHJ, Mitchell TW, Turner N. Disparate metabolic response to fructose feeding between different mouse strains. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18474. [PMID: 26690387 PMCID: PMC4686880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets enriched in fructose (FR) increase lipogenesis in the liver, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance. Previously, we have shown that in contrast to other mouse strains, BALB/c mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration, potentially due to a lack of ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study we have compared the metabolic response of BALB/c and C57BL/6 (BL6) mice to a fructose-enriched diet. Both strains of mice increased adiposity in response to FR-feeding, while only BL6 mice displayed elevated hepatic triglyceride (TAG) accumulation and glucose intolerance. The lack of hepatic TAG accumulation in BALB/c mice appeared to be linked to an altered balance between lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, while the protection from fructose-induced glucose intolerance in this strain was likely related to low levels of ER stress, a slight elevation in insulin levels and an altered profile of diacylglycerol species in the liver. Collectively these findings highlight the multifactorial nature of metabolic defects that develop in response to changes in the intake of specific nutrients and the divergent response of different mouse strains to dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Fiveash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J P Braude
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S H J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Ahmed SA, Awosika J, Baldwin C, Bishop-Lilly KA, Biswas B, Broomall S, Chain PSG, Chertkov O, Chokoshvili O, Coyne S, Davenport K, Detter JC, Dorman W, Erkkila TH, Folster JP, Frey KG, George M, Gleasner C, Henry M, Hill KK, Hubbard K, Insalaco J, Johnson S, Kitzmiller A, Krepps M, Lo CC, Luu T, McNew LA, Minogue T, Munk CA, Osborne B, Patel M, Reitenga KG, Rosenzweig CN, Shea A, Shen X, Strockbine N, Tarr C, Teshima H, van Gieson E, Verratti K, Wolcott M, Xie G, Sozhamannan S, Gibbons HS. Genomic comparison of Escherichia coli O104:H4 isolates from 2009 and 2011 reveals plasmid, and prophage heterogeneity, including shiga toxin encoding phage stx2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48228. [PMID: 23133618 PMCID: PMC3486847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In May of 2011, an enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain that had acquired a Shiga toxin 2-converting phage caused a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea in Europe which was notable for its high prevalence of hemolytic uremic syndrome cases. Several studies have described the genomic inventory and phylogenies of strains associated with the outbreak and a collection of historical E. coli O104:H4 isolates using draft genome assemblies. We present the complete, closed genome sequences of an isolate from the 2011 outbreak (2011C–3493) and two isolates from cases of bloody diarrhea that occurred in the Republic of Georgia in 2009 (2009EL–2050 and 2009EL–2071). Comparative genome analysis indicates that, while the Georgian strains are the nearest neighbors to the 2011 outbreak isolates sequenced to date, structural and nucleotide-level differences are evident in the Stx2 phage genomes, the mer/tet antibiotic resistance island, and in the prophage and plasmid profiles of the strains, including a previously undescribed plasmid with homology to the pMT virulence plasmid of Yersinia pestis. In addition, multiphenotype analysis showed that 2009EL–2071 possessed higher resistance to polymyxin and membrane-disrupting agents. Finally, we show evidence by electron microscopy of the presence of a common phage morphotype among the European and Georgian strains and a second phage morphotype among the Georgian strains. The presence of at least two stx2 phage genotypes in host genetic backgrounds that may derive from a recent common ancestor of the 2011 outbreak isolates indicates that the emergence of stx2 phage-containing E. coli O104:H4 strains probably occurred more than once, or that the current outbreak isolates may be the result of a recent transfer of a new stx2 phage element into a pre-existing stx2-positive genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ahmed
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
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26
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Abstract
Summary:DIYA (Do-It-Yourself Annotator) is a modular and configurable open source pipeline software, written in Perl, used for the rapid annotation of bacterial genome sequences. The software is currently used to take DNA contigs as input, either in the form of complete genomes or the result of shotgun sequencing, and produce an annotated sequence in Genbank file format as output. Availability: Distribution and source code are available at (https://sourceforge.net/projects/diyg/). Contact:tread@emory.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Stewart
- Genomics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Rockville, MD, USA
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27
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Song LL, Peng Y, Yun J, Rizzo P, Chaturvedi V, Weijzen S, Kast WM, Stone PJB, Santos L, Loredo A, Lendahl U, Sonenshein G, Osborne B, Qin JZ, Pannuti A, Nickoloff BJ, Miele L. Notch-1 associates with IKKalpha and regulates IKK activity in cervical cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:5833-44. [PMID: 18560356 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Notch-1 inhibits apoptosis in some transformed cells through incompletely understood mechanisms. Notch-1 can increase nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity through a variety of mechanisms. Overexpression of cleaved Notch-1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells activates NF-kappaB via interaction with the I kappa B kinase (IKK) signalosome. Concomitant activation of the Notch and NF-kappaB pathways has been described in a large series of cervical cancer specimens. Here, we show that wild-type, spontaneously expressed Notch-1 stimulates NF-kappaB activity in CaSki cervical cancer cells by associating with the IKK signalosome through IKKalpha. A significant fraction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated IkappaB kinase activity in CaSki cells is Notch-1-dependent. In addition, Notch-1 is found in the nucleus in association with IKKalpha at IKKalpha-stimulated promoters and is required for association of IKKalpha with these promoters under basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated conditions. Notch-1-IKKalpha complexes are found in normal human keratinocytes as well, suggesting that IKK regulation is a physiological function of Notch-1. Both Notch-1 and IKKalpha knockdown sensitize CaSki cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis to equivalent extents. Our data indicate that Notch-1 regulates NF-kappaB in cervical cancer cells at least in part via cytoplasmic and nuclear IKK-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Song
- Breast Cancer Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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28
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Abstract
Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence supports a pro-oncogenic function for Notch signaling in several solid tumors, particularly but not exclusively in breast cancer. Notch inhibitory agents, such as gamma-secretase inhibitors, are being investigated as candidate cancer therapeutic agents. Interest in therapeutic modulation of the Notch pathway has been increased by recent reports, indicating that its role is important in controlling the fate of putative 'breast cancer stem cells'. However, as is the case for most targeted therapies, successful targeting of Notch signaling in cancer will require a considerable refinement of our understanding of the regulation of this pathway and its effects in both normal and cancer cells. Notch signaling has bidirectional 'cross talk' interaction with multiple other pathways that include candidate therapeutic targets. Understanding these interactions will greatly increase our ability to design rational combination regimens. To determine which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment with Notch inhibitors, it will be necessary to develop molecular tests to accurately measure pathway activity in specific tumors. Finally, mechanism-based toxicities will have to be addressed by a careful choice of therapeutic agents, combinations and regimens. This article summarizes the current state of the field, and briefly describes opportunities and challenges for Notch-targeted therapies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60163, USA
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29
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30
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Fox GP, Osborne B, Bowman J, Kelly A, Cakir M, Poulsen D, Inkerman A, Henry R. Measurement of genetic and environmental variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain hardness. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Osborne B. The Gunnera–Nostoc symbiosis in context. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Background With the completion of the genome sequences of human, mouse, and other species and the advent of high throughput functional genomic research technologies such as biomicroarray chips, more and more genes and their products have been discovered and their functions have begun to be understood. Increasing amounts of data about genes, gene products and their functions have been stored in databases. To facilitate selection of candidate genes for gene-disease research, genetic association studies, biomarker and drug target selection, and animal models of human diseases, it is essential to have search engines that can retrieve genes by their functions from proteome databases. In recent years, the development of Gene Ontology (GO) has established structured, controlled vocabularies describing gene functions, which makes it possible to develop novel tools to search genes by functional similarity. Results By using a statistical model to measure the functional similarity of genes based on the Gene Ontology directed acyclic graph, we developed a novel Gene Functional Similarity Search Tool (GFSST) to identify genes with related functions from annotated proteome databases. This search engine lets users design their search targets by gene functions. Conclusion An implementation of GFSST which works on the UniProt (Universal Protein Resource) for the human and mouse proteomes is available at GFSST Web Server. GFSST provides functions not only for similar gene retrieval but also for gene search by one or more GO terms. This represents a powerful new approach for selecting similar genes and gene products from proteome databases according to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Zhang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Huitao Sheng
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - James J Russo
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Buetow
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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33
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PHL) is a rare and difficult to diagnose lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. It is believed that the prognosis in affected patients is dismal, consisting of early recurrence and short survival. METHODS A retrospective cohort review of patients with PHL diagnosed between 1974 and 1995 at a university cancer center was performed. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with PHL were identified. Typically, the disease occurred in middle-aged men (median age, 50 years). The primary presenting complaint was right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with hepatomegaly found at physical examination. Serum liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-2-microglobulin levels all were elevated, but alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were within normal range. Hypercalcemia was found in 6 of 15 patients who were tested. Six of 10 patients who were tested were positive for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Liver scans demonstrated either a solitary lesion or multiple lesions. Pathologic examination revealed diffuse large cell lymphoma in 23 patients (96%). Combination chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment; surgery consisted of diagnostic biopsy. The complete remission rate was 83.3%, and the 5-year cause specific and failure free survival rates were 87.1% and 70.1%, respectively. HCV infection did not appear to influence the outcome of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of patients with PHL who are treated with combination chemotherapy may be more favorable than that reported elsewhere. The frequent association of PHL with HCV infection observed in this series warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Page
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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34
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PHL) is a rare and difficult to diagnose lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. It is believed that the prognosis in affected patients is dismal, consisting of early recurrence and short survival. METHODS A retrospective cohort review of patients with PHL diagnosed between 1974 and 1995 at a university cancer center was performed. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with PHL were identified. Typically, the disease occurred in middle-aged men (median age, 50 years). The primary presenting complaint was right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with hepatomegaly found at physical examination. Serum liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-2-microglobulin levels all were elevated, but alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were within normal range. Hypercalcemia was found in 6 of 15 patients who were tested. Six of 10 patients who were tested were positive for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Liver scans demonstrated either a solitary lesion or multiple lesions. Pathologic examination revealed diffuse large cell lymphoma in 23 patients (96%). Combination chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment; surgery consisted of diagnostic biopsy. The complete remission rate was 83.3%, and the 5-year cause specific and failure free survival rates were 87.1% and 70.1%, respectively. HCV infection did not appear to influence the outcome of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of patients with PHL who are treated with combination chemotherapy may be more favorable than that reported elsewhere. The frequent association of PHL with HCV infection observed in this series warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Page
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PHL) is a rare and difficult to diagnose lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. It is believed that the prognosis in affected patients is dismal, consisting of early recurrence and short survival. METHODS A retrospective cohort review of patients with PHL diagnosed between 1974 and 1995 at a university cancer center was performed. RESULTS Twenty-four patients with PHL were identified. Typically, the disease occurred in middle-aged men (median age, 50 years). The primary presenting complaint was right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with hepatomegaly found at physical examination. Serum liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-2-microglobulin levels all were elevated, but alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were within normal range. Hypercalcemia was found in 6 of 15 patients who were tested. Six of 10 patients who were tested were positive for the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Liver scans demonstrated either a solitary lesion or multiple lesions. Pathologic examination revealed diffuse large cell lymphoma in 23 patients (96%). Combination chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment; surgery consisted of diagnostic biopsy. The complete remission rate was 83.3%, and the 5-year cause specific and failure free survival rates were 87.1% and 70.1%, respectively. HCV infection did not appear to influence the outcome of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of patients with PHL who are treated with combination chemotherapy may be more favorable than that reported elsewhere. The frequent association of PHL with HCV infection observed in this series warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Page
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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36
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Cheng P, Zlobin A, Volgina V, Gottipati S, Osborne B, Simel EJ, Miele L, Gabrilovich DI. Notch-1 regulates NF-kappaB activity in hemopoietic progenitor cells. J Immunol 2001; 167:4458-67. [PMID: 11591772 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between two elements critical for differentiation of hemopoietic cells, the Notch-1 receptor and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. These factors were studied in hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) using Notch-1 antisense transgenic (Notch-AS-Tg) mice. DNA binding of NF-kappaB as well as its ability to activate transcription was strongly decreased in HPC from Notch-AS-Tg mice. NF-kappaB-driven transcriptional activity was completely restored after transduction of the cells with retroviral constructs containing activated Notch-1 gene. HPC from Notch-AS-Tg mice have decreased levels of several members of the NF-kappaB family, p65, p50, RelB, and c-Rel and this is due to down-regulation of the gene expression. To investigate functional consequences of decreased NF-kappaB activity in transgenic mice, we studied LPS-induced proliferation of B cells and GM-CSF-dependent differentiation of dendritic cells from HPC. These two processes are known to be closely dependent on NF-kappaB. B cells from Notch-AS-Tg mice had almost 3-fold lower response to LPS than B cells isolated from control mice. Differentiation of dendritic cells was significantly affected in Notch-AS-Tg mice. However, it was restored by transduction of activated Notch-1 into HPC. Taken together, these data indicate that in HPC NF-kappaB activity is regulated by Notch-1 via transcriptional control of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cheng
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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37
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May N, Epstein J, Osborne B. Selective COX-2 inhibitors: a review of their therapeutic potential and safety in dentistry. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 92:399-405. [PMID: 11598574 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.115127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory analgesics are commonly used medications in dental and medical practice. Their uses in dentistry include use as analgesics and as anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, antipyretic action accompanies the medication. The action of these groups of drugs depends on the dose provided. Analgesic and antipyretic effects occur at low dose, whereas analgesic effects occur at high dose. Among the common side effects of this class of medications are gastrointestinal irritation with potential for ulceration, increased tendency for bleeding due to antiplatelet effects, and long-term chronic dosing effects on renal function may occur. Recent developments in the anti-inflammatory group of medications include the introduction of cyclooxygenase-II inhibitors. These agents offer potentially significant advantages because of their relative lack of gastrointestinal irritation. Because of this, it is likely that these medications will be frequently used in the management of dental and medical conditions. Patients will present while on these medications, and these agents may serve as medications for management of dental pain, postsurgical pain, and for anti-inflammatory effects. The current literature indicates that COX-2 inhibitors offer substantial benefits because of their favorable gastrointestinal profiles and because of their lack of effect on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N May
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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38
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39
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McCrea J, Prueksaritanont T, Gertz BJ, Carides A, Gillen L, Antonello S, Brucker MJ, Miller-Stein C, Osborne B, Waldman S. Concurrent administration of the erythromycin breath test (EBT) and oral midazolam as in vivo probes for CYP3A activity. J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 39:1212-20. [PMID: 10586386 DOI: 10.1177/00912709922012015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the prominent role of CYP3A in the metabolism of drugs, it is important to identify whether new chemical entities will affect this enzyme system and produce clinically relevant drug interactions. This study evaluated concomitant administration of intravenous [14C N-methyl] erythromycin (3 microCi) (erythromycin breath test; EBT) and 2 mg oral midazolam as probes of systemic and of systemic plus presystemic CYP3A activity, respectively. Twelve males received the probes in a two-period crossover fashion: one period included the probes on two occasions, 5 days apart; in the second period, 200 mg ketoconazole was given orally 2 hours prior to the probes. The within-subject CV for EBT (%14CO2/h) and midazolam AUC0-last was 4.9% and 16.9%, respectively. Ketoconazole reduced %14CO2/h by 43% and increased midazolam AUC0-last by approximately fivefold. In a nonrandomized third period (N = 5), ketoconazole was given simultaneously with midazolam (no EBT); midazolam AUC0-last was similar whether ketoconazole was given 2 hours prior to or simultaneously with the midazolam. The low midazolam dose was generally well tolerated; mild sedation was occasionally seen. Concurrent administration of the EBT and oral midazolam is a sensitive and reproducible tool to screen new chemical entities for potentially important CYP3A interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McCrea
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- B Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Notch-ligand interactions are a highly conserved mechanism that regulates cell fate decisions. Over the past few years, numerous observations have shown that this mechanism operates to regulate cell differentiation in an enormous variety of developmental and cell maturation processes. Recent studies indicate that in addition to cell differentiation, Notch signaling has direct effects on proliferation and programmed cell death. The picture emerging from these findings suggests that, depending on cellular and developmental context, Notch signaling may function as a general "arbiter" of cell fate, regulating differentiation potential, rate of proliferation, and apoptotic cell death. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of the structure and function of Notch receptors and discuss the recent evidence that Notch signaling regulates apoptotic cell death. The possible mechanisms of this effect and its potential implications for developmental biology, immunobiology, neuropathology, and tumor biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Miele
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
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42
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McCrea JB, Cribb A, Rushmore T, Osborne B, Gillen L, Lo MW, Waldman S, Bjornsson T, Spielberg S, Goldberg MR. Phenotypic and genotypic investigations of a healthy volunteer deficient in the conversion of losartan to its active metabolite E-3174. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 65:348-52. [PMID: 10096267 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J B McCrea
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Clinical Pharmacology, PA 19486, USA
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43
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Morgan G, Smith S, Pak J, Marshak-Rothstein A, Fissore R, Osborne B. Characterization of a mutant T-cell hybridoma line with defects in the TCR-mediated apoptotic pathway. Cell Death Differ 1999; 6:36-47. [PMID: 10200546 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutant T-cell hybridoma line named mutant 51 was developed that, unlike the parental line, did not die after T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement and demonstrated reduced death in response to dexamethasone. Intracellular calcium measurements showed that available calcium stores were markedly reduced in the mutant cell line. Unlike control cells, secretion of IL-2 from mutant cells was also greatly reduced, although addition of exogenous IL-2 did not facilitate increased apoptosis. Although levels of the cell death gene product Nur77 were equivalent, additional studies showed that mutant cells expressed Nur77 predominantly in the cytoplasm following TCR engagement, while parental cells displayed a nuclear translocalization of Nur77. In addition, Fas levels and Fas ligand dependant killing were both markedly reduced in the mutant clone. From these data we hypothesize a role for available calcium stores and Nur77 nuclear localization in TCR-mediated apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morgan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Paige Labs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA
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44
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant lymphoma involving the prostate is rare, and to the authors' knowledge the factors determining patient outcome have not been studied in a large series. METHODS The authors evaluated the clinical and pathologic findings in 60 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the prostate. A variety of clinical and histologic findings were considered as factors predictive of patient outcome. RESULTS Lymphoma tended to occur in elderly men, with a mean age at diagnosis of 62 years (range, 5-89 years), although 6 patients were age < 40 years (ages 5, 19, 30, 32, 38, and 38 years, respectively). Clinical signs and symptoms were due to lower urinary tract obstruction. Twenty-two patients (35%) presented with primary extranodal lymphoma of the prostate with a variety of histologic subtypes, including small lymphocytic (4 patients); follicular center cell, diffuse, small cell (2 patients); follicular center cell, Grade 1 (according to the revised European-American classification (small cleaved) (1 patient); Grade 2 (mixed) (1 patient); diffuse large B-cell (12 patients); and high grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like (2 patients). At the time of presentation, none of these patients had hepatosplenomegaly, inguinal lymphadenopathy, or an abnormal complete blood count. Thirty other patients (48%) with previously documented lymphoma at other sites developed prostatic involvement; these secondary prostatic lymphomas displayed a variety of subtypes, including small lymphocytic (8 patients, all with concomitant leukemia); follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse, small cell (2 patients); follicular center, Grade 1 (small cell) (1 patient); follicular center, Grade 2 (1 patient); diffuse large B-cell (11 patients); peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2 patients); high grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like (1 patient); Burkitt's lymphoma (1 patient); Hodgkin's lymphoma (nodular sclerosing [1 patient] and mixed cellularity [1 patient]); and unknown (1 patient). Ten cases were not classifiable as primary or secondary lymphomas. Twenty-five patients died of malignant lymphoma, 14 died of unknown or other causes, 18 patients were alive 12-20 months after diagnosis (8 primary and 10 secondary tumors; 3 had persistent lymphoma; all treated since 1981), and 5 were lost to follow-up. Lymphoma specific survival was 64% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI], 51-80%), 50% at 2 years (95% CI, 36-68%), 33% at 5 years, 33% at 10 years, and 16% at 15 years. There was no difference in median survival after diagnosis of prostatic involvement between primary and secondary lymphoma (23 months vs. 28 months, respectively) or among histologic types. CONCLUSIONS Although malignant lymphoma involving the prostate is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction, particularly in patients with a previous history of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Bostwick
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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45
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Gharaibeh MN, Gillen LP, Osborne B, Schwartz JI, Waldman SA. Effect of multiple doses of rifampin on the [14C N-methyl] erythromycin breath test in healthy male volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 38:492-5. [PMID: 9650537 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1998.tb05785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The erythromycin breath test (EBT), which measures 14CO2 produced from [14C N-methyl] erythromycin, is one of the most frequently employed measures to examine drug interactions involving cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A). However, the reproducibility and reliability of this test, and the effects of drugs that alter CYP3A activity, continue to be defined. In this study, the reproducibility of the EBT was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers before and after oral administration of 600 mg of rifampin daily for 8 days. Two sequential EBT determinations performed 5 days apart before rifampin administration were highly reproducible. Rifampin induced CYP3A, reflected in a mean percent (+/- standard deviation) increase in EBT values of 86 +/- 30%. Recovery of enzyme function after discontinuation of rifampin for 17 days was manifested as a return of EBT values to preinduction levels. These results support the utility of EBT as a valid, reproducible, and reliable measure of CYP3A activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
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46
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Yeh KC, Deutsch PJ, Haddix H, Hesney M, Hoagland V, Ju WD, Justice SJ, Osborne B, Sterrett AT, Stone JA, Woolf E, Waldman S. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of indinavir and the effect of food. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:332-8. [PMID: 9527781 PMCID: PMC105409 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indinavir sulfate is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor indicated for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults. The purpose of this report is to summarize single-dose studies which characterized the pharmacokinetics of the drug and the effect of food in healthy volunteers. Indinavir concentrations in plasma and urine were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography and UV detection assay methods. The results indicate that indinavir was rapidly absorbed in the fasting state, with the time to the maximum concentration in plasma occurring at approximately 0.8 h for all doses studied. Over the 40- to 1,000-mg dose range studied, concentrations in plasma and urinary excretion of unchanged drug increased greater than dose proportionally. The nonlinear pharmacokinetics were attributed to the dose-dependent oxidative metabolism of first-pass metabolism as well as to metabolism in the systemic circulation. Renal clearance slightly exceeded the glomerular filtration rate, suggesting a net tubular secretion component. At high concentrations in plasma, tubular secretion appeared to be lowered because there was a trend for a decreased renal clearance. Administration of 400 mg of indinavir sulfate following a high-fat breakfast resulted in a blunted and decreased absorption (areas under the concentration-time curves [AUCs], 6.86 microM.h in the fasted state versus 1.54 microM.h in the fed state; n = 10). However, two types of low-fat meals were found to have no significant effect on the absorption of 800 mg of indinavir sulfate (AUCs, 23.15 microM.h in the fasted state versus 22.71 and 21.36 microM.h, respectively, in the fed state; n = 11). Immediately following dosing, the concentrations of indinavir in urine often exceeded its intrinsic solubility. To reduce the risk of nephrolithiasis, it is recommended that indinavir sulfate be administered with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Yeh
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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47
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Osborne B. Patients and media perspective on organ replacement. Artif Organs 1997; 21:1156-7. [PMID: 9384317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1997.tb00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Osborne
- Publishing Division, A.H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas 75265-5237, U.S.A
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48
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Dennis MJ, Massey RC, Ginn R, Parker I, Crews C, Zimmerli B, Zoller O, Rhyn P, Osborne B. The effect of azodicarbonamide concentrations on ethyl carbamate concentrations in bread and toast. Food Addit Contam 1997; 14:95-100. [PMID: 9059588 DOI: 10.1080/02652039709374502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of baking experiments have been undertaken in order to test the proposition that the use of the flour improver azodicarbonamide influences ethyl carbamate concentrations in baked bread. Samples were prepared in a laboratory and contained 0, 20 and 45 mg azodicarbonamide/kg; 20 mg/kg reflecting normal commercial usage and 45 mg/kg the UK statutory limit. Samples incorporating 0 and 20 mg/kg of the additive were also prepared in a commercial bakery. Toast made from these breads was examined since it is known that toasting can lead to increased ethyl carbamate concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that, at 45 mg/kg, azodicarbonamide led to significant increases in ethyl carbamate concentrations in both bread and the toasts made from it. At 20 mg/kg some small increases in ethyl carbamate were seen for bread and this approached statistical significance for those samples made in the commercial plant. When these breads were toasted an increase in ethyl carbamate was observed but this was not attributable to the use of azodicarbonamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dennis
- CSL Food Science Laboratory, Colney, Norwick, UK
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Abstract
Analysis of transposition products generated after Activator (Ac) excision from the P locus in maize suggest that Ac excises either during or after replication of the P locus. The frequency of excision of the non-autonomous Ac derivative, Dissociation (Ds), from extrachromosomal replicating and nonreplicating vector DNAs in transfected black mexican sweet maize protoplasts was compared to assess directly a role of extrachromosomal vector DNA replication in Ds excision. Replicating (rep+) and nonreplicating (rep-) vector DNAs comprised a Ds element that harbored a geminivirus, wheat dwarf virus (WDV), origin of replication and WDV genes required for viral DNA replication (rep+) or mutant, inactive derivatives of these genes (rep-). Excision of Ds was detected only in those cell nuclei co-transfected with the replicating Ds-vector DNA and a transposase expression vector. Quantitative reconstruction experiments showed that Ds excised at least 3 x 10(5)-fold more frequently from replicating vector DNA as compared with nonreplicating vector DNA. Therefore, these results provide direct evidence for a coupling of Ds excision from extrachromosomal vector DNA to vector DNA replication in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wirtz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Waldman SA, Vitow C, Osborne B, Gillen L, Argentieri DC, Wong FA, Smith IL, Chow AT, Misiti J, Bjornsson TD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tepoxalin after single oral dose administration to healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 36:462-8. [PMID: 8739025 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1996.tb05033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tepoxalin in healthy volunteers, an antiinflammatory compound that inhibits cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Tepoxalin was absorbed after oral administration of single doses from 35 to 300 mg, after which it was rapidly converted to an acidic metabolite, RWJ 20142, which inhibits cyclooxygenase but not lipoxygenase. The areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of tepoxalin and RWJ 20142 in plasma increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Administration of the lowest dose of tepoxalin completely inhibited whole blood cyclooxygenase for the entire period of observation. This inhibition correlated closely with that of secretion and aggregation induced by collagen of platelets obtained from these subjects. Similarly, administration of tepoxalin was associated with significant inhibition of lipoxygenase in whole blood. Lipoxygenase was inhibited a maximum of 60% in a time-dependent fashion, and the duration of inhibition was dose-dependent. These studies demonstrate that tepoxalin inhibits whole blood cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and platelet function after oral administration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Waldman
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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