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Kevers R, de Smet S, Rober P, Rousseau C, De Haene L. Silencing or silent transmission? An exploratory study on trauma communication in Kurdish refugee families. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38566251 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Trauma communication in refugee families is increasingly recognized as an important relational dynamic influencing psychosocial well-being, yet studies exploring interactional dynamics and meaning making at play in intra-family trauma communication remain scarce. This article reports on a qualitative study with Kurdish refugee families including parents (N = 10) and children (N = 17) resettled in Belgium, aiming to explore practices on trauma communication within refugee family relationships. In a multiple-phased qualitative design, semi-structured family interviews and participant observation administered in the homes of the participant families are followed by parental interviews involving a tape-assisted recall procedure to investigate observed intergenerational trauma communication and parent-child interactions. Data analysis shows parents and children seldom explicitly talked about the families' lived experiences of trauma. This silence was especially related to parental wishes to avoid their children's future involvement in violence. However, findings also indicate how the intra-family transmission of memories of collective violence occurs in many subtle ways. Four modes of indirect trauma communication could be distinguished: (1) focusing on the repetition of violence in the present; (2) transmission of the collective trauma history; (3) family storytelling; and (4) interaction with meaningful objects of the past. These findings shed light onto the interwoven nature of personal-familial and collective trauma and loss and illuminate the meanings of silence and disclosure in the context of the Kurdish diaspora. In the final section, we discuss our findings and outline its clinical implications for family therapeutic practices in refugee trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kevers
- Parental and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- PASO, UPC KU Leuven University Psychiatric Center, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Sofie de Smet
- Parental and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Rober
- Interfaculty Institute of Family and Sexuality Studies, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucia De Haene
- Parental and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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de Smet S, Rousseau C, Stalpaert C, De Haene L. "It will always be Temporary": A qualitative study of Syrian young adults expressing histories of collective violence and forced displacement in participatory theatre. Transcult Psychiatry 2024; 61:194-208. [PMID: 38233739 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231213840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Given the increased prevalence of mental health problems in Syrian refugee communities, there have been efforts to develop adequate mental health care for their well-being. Herein, clinical literature is increasingly emphasizing the importance of locating refugees' healing at the nexus of personal and social realities, understanding the process of trauma narration within social restorative spaces of witnessing and communal support. Alongside this debate, there is growing interest in the relevance of participatory theatre for refugees. This innovative approach understands how voicing narratives of life histories within a broader social sphere may support personal and socio-political transformation. In this article, we aim to further the understanding of participatory theatre's relevance to these issues, focusing on the reparative dimensions of trauma narration. Based on a case study of a theatre project with Syrian young adults resettled in Belgium, we explore the different ways participants expressed experiences of collective violence and displacement in dialogue with each other, their diasporic and home communities, and their host society, and consider how these processes relate to their construction and meaning and coping with trauma. In a final section, we discuss the implications of our findings, raising questions about the value of participatory theatre as a reparative space and outlining suggestions to introduce and mobilize reparative modes of trauma narration in therapeutic practices in refugee trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie de Smet
- Parental and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP, University of Leuven , Belgium
- S:PAM (Studies in Performing Arts & Media), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christel Stalpaert
- S:PAM (Studies in Performing Arts & Media), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucia De Haene
- Parental and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP, University of Leuven , Belgium
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Rousseau C, Miconi D, Johnson-Lafleur J, Desmarais C, Hassan G. Children of extremist parents: Insights from a specialized clinical team. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:687-699. [PMID: 37542383 PMCID: PMC10945975 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231192340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on children who grow up with parents adhering to violent extremism is scant. This makes it extremely delicate to inform policies and clinical services to protect such children from potential physical and psychological harm. OBJECTIVE This paper explores the predicament of children whose caretakers were referred to a specialized clinical team in Montreal (Canada) because of concerns about risks or actual involvement in violent extremism processes. METHODS This paper uses a mixed methods concurrent triangulation design. Quantitative data was obtained through a file review (2016-2020). Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a focus group with the team practitioners. RESULTS Clinicians reported the presence of stereotypes in the health and social services network frequently representing religious extremist parents as potentially dangerous or having inappropriate parenting skills while minimizing the perception of risk for parents adhering to political extremism. Children displayed high levels of psychological distress, mainly related to family separation, parental psychopathology, and conflicts of loyalty stemming from familial or social alienation. CONCLUSIONS Training practitioners to be aware of their own personal and institutional bias may help them to understand the predicament of extremist parents' children and implement systemic, trauma and attachment informed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diana Miconi
- Educational Psychology and Andragogy, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ghayda Hassan
- Department of Psychology, Universite du Quebec a Montreal Faculte des Sciences, QC, Canada
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Lee K, Kronick R, Miconi D, Rousseau C. Moving Forward in Mental Health Care for Refugee, Asylum-Seeking, and Undocumented Children: Social Determinants, Phased Approach to Care, and Advocacy. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2024; 33:237-250. [PMID: 38395508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Given the current political and climate crisis, the number of forcedly displaced individuals continues to rise, posing new challenges to host societies aiming to support and respond to the needs of those fleeing war or persecution. In this article, we turn our attention to current and historical sociopolitical contexts influencing the mental health of forcedly displaced children (ie, refugee, asylum-seeking, and undocumented) during their resettlement in high-income countries, proposing timely ways to respond to evolving needs and recommendations to redress ubiquitous structural inequities that act as barriers to education and care for the children, youth, and families seeking sanctuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lee
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec.
| | - Rachel Kronick
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Diana Miconi
- Department of Educational Psychology and Adult Education, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent D'Indy Avenue, Outremont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cénat JM, Lashley M, Jarvis GE, Williams MT, Bernheim E, Derivois D, Rousseau C. The Burden of Psychosis in Black Communities in Canada: More than a Feeling, a Black Family Experience. Can J Psychiatry 2024; 69:10-12. [PMID: 37635288 PMCID: PMC10867408 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231197263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - G. Eric Jarvis
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monnica T. Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Bernheim
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Civil Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cénat JM, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Rousseau C, Bukaka J, Darius WP, Derivois D, Dalexis RD, Luyeye N. Prevalence and Factors Related to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents Survivors and Orphans of Ebola Virus Disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo Eastern Regions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:1019-1029. [PMID: 37737753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although previous studies have shown a high prevalence of mental health problems among adult Ebola virus disease survivors, no studies have yet been conducted on mental health problems among children and adolescents in affected regions. Consequently, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescent survivors and orphans by utilizing a cross-sectional survey following the 2018-2020 epidemic in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. METHODS A total of 146 survivors (mean age = 13.62, standard deviation [SD] = 2.50, 49.32% female), 233 orphans (mean age = 13.18, SD = 2.96, 53.32% female), and 34 orphan-survivor participants (mean age = 13.39, SD = 2.87, 44.12% female) were recruited. Participants completed measures assessing depression and PTSD symptoms, traumatic experiences, and stigma related to Ebola and COVID-19. RESULTS The prevalence of depression and PTSD symptoms was 87.32% and 44.42%, respectively. Results showed significant differences in depression and PTSD symptoms between orphan-survivors (100% and 97.06%), survivors (90.21% and 75.86%), and orphans (83.48% and 16.52%; χ2(2) = 9.02; p = .011 and χ2(2) = 168.85; p < .001). Experience of traumatic events, Ebola stigmatization, and COVID-19 stigmatization positively predicted depression and PTSD symptoms. The regression models explained 61%-72% of the variance of depression and PTSD. DISCUSSION The results reveal that the Ebola virus disease and its associated grief severely jeopardize the mental health of children and adolescents in affected regions. Despite the relative paucity of resources, intervention programs may be helpful to minimize associated stigma and promote psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Bourgogne, France
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noble Luyeye
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
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Laporte N, Hechtman L, Rousseau C, Greenfield B. Striking a balance: triage and crisis intervention models within the pediatric emergency room. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1277095. [PMID: 37920538 PMCID: PMC10618677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1277095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laporte
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lily Hechtman
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian Greenfield
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cénat JM, Dromer E, Mistry S, Villarreal DG, Moshirian Farahi SMM, Dalexis RD, Darius WP, Bukaka J, Balayulu-Makila O, Luyeye N, Derivois D, Rousseau C. Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety-depression symptoms among adolescents in Ebola-affected zones. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e196. [PMID: 37850413 PMCID: PMC10594165 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been shown to be associated with poor mental health in affected zones. However, no study has yet explored its impact on adolescents' mental health. AIMS This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in EVD-affected areas in the Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD A provincial sample of adolescents aged 12-17 years (M = 14.84, s.d. = 1.49) living in the 18 urban and rural areas affected by the 2018 EVD outbreak completed a two-wave longitudinal survey. Surveys assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety, exposure to Ebola, social support and sociodemographic information. RESULTS A total of 490 participants completed the baseline and follow-up surveys, 50% of whom were female. Elevated and worsened depressive symptoms were observed among participants from the baseline (56.94%) to the follow-up (91.43%; z = -11.37, P < 0.001), whereas anxiety symptoms decreased from the baseline (36.33%) to follow-up (24.90%; z = 4.06, P < 0.001). The final generalised estimating equation model showed that anxiety symptoms decreased over time (B = -3.92, P < 0.001), while depression symptoms increased (B = 4.79, P < 0.001). Stigmatisation related to Ebola positively predicted anxiety (B = 5.41, P < 0.001) and depression symptoms (B = 0.4452, P = 0.009). Social support negatively predicted anxiety (B = -1.13, P = 0.004) and depression (B = -0.98, P < 0.001) symptoms but only moderated the association between stigmatisation and depression symptoms (B = -0.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most adolescents living in EVD-affected areas experience mental health issues. Stigmatisation related to EVD and living in urban areas are the most consistent predictors of mental health problems. Nevertheless, social support remains a protective factor for depression and anxiety symptoms and a necessary resource for building resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Dromer
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shruti Mistry
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Gonzalez Villarreal
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Health, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wina Paul Darius
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | | | - Noble Luyeye
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Bourgogne, France
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Jarvis GE, Andermann L, Ayonrinde OA, Beder M, Cénat JM, Ben-Cheikh I, Fung K, Gajaria A, Gómez-Carrillo A, Guzder J, Hanafi S, Kassam A, Kronick R, Lashley M, Lewis-Fernández R, McMahon A, Measham T, Nadeau L, Rousseau C, Sadek J, Schouler-Ocak M, Wieman C, Kirmayer LJ. Taking Action on Racism and Structural Violence in Psychiatric Training and Clinical Practice. Can J Psychiatry 2023; 68:780-808. [PMID: 37198904 PMCID: PMC10517653 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231166985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Eric Jarvis
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Cultural Consultation Service and Culture and Psychosis Working Group, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa Andermann
- Equity and Inclusion Council; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oyedeji A Ayonrinde
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Community Psychiatry, Providence Care, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michaela Beder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Imen Ben-Cheikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Asian Initiative in Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Society for the Study of Psychiatry and Culture, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Amy Gajaria
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Gómez-Carrillo
- Montréal Children's Hospital (MCH), McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada; Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Puvirnituq, QC, Canada; Ungava Tulattavik Health Centre, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Hanafi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Azaad Kassam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Newcomer Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Wholistic Health and Wellness, Mohawk Council of Akwesasne, Akwesasne, QC, Canada
| | - Rachel Kronick
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute and Sherpa Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Ethics Board, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Sir B. Mortimer Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir B. Mortimer Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence and Research Area Leader, Anxiety, Mood, Eating and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Toby Measham
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Divisions of Child Psychiatry and Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Nadeau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montréal University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Inuulitsivik Health Centre, Puvirnituq, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Social Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wieman
- Indigenous Physicians Association of Canada (IPAC), Vancouver, BC, Canada; First Nations Health Authority (FNHA), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurence J Kirmayer
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Rousseau C, Pourchez J, Leclerc L, Nekaa M, Raia-Barjat T. [Pregnant women's use of tobacco and electronic cigarettes: A cross sectional survey]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2023; 51:455-462. [PMID: 37482190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The article aims to describe tobacco and e-cigarette use among pregnant women: estimate the prevalence, identify the determinants and motivations of these behaviours. METHODS Cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive observational study using self-administered questionnaires for pregnant women who visited ELENA healthcare centers in May 2021. RESULTS Of 223 patients, 38% were smokers before pregnancy and 16% continued to smoke during pregnancy. Nearly all the smokers (98%) declared that they had reduced or stopped their tobacco use, mostly without help. Young age, lack of professional activity, an unfavourable reaction to the announcement of the pregnancy, heavy smoking before the pregnancy and the presence of a smoker spouse were associated with smoking during pregnancy. Our study identified 10% of vapers before pregnancy and 7.2% during pregnancy. Of those who vaped during pregnancy, 81% were smokers before pregnancy. Most of them used a nicotine containing liquid and 38% of vapers combined smoking and e-cigarettes during pregnancy. There was no association between vaping during pregnancy and smoking cessation. A minority of women had received information about smoking during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The use of electronic cigarettes by pregnant women is a poorly-known reality in France, yet it concerns approximately 7% of the women in our sample. Prospective studies on larger numbers are needed to assess the prevalence of vaping among French pregnant women and its evolution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseau
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - J Pourchez
- Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Étienne, université de Lyon, université de Jean Monnet, Inserm, U1059 Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - L Leclerc
- Inserm, U 1059 Sainbiose, centre CIS, Mines Saint-Étienne, université Lyon, université Jean-Monnet, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - M Nekaa
- Laboratoire ECP, éducation, cultures, politiques (EA 4571), université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - T Raia-Barjat
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France; Inserm U1059 Sainbiose, université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
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Miconi D, Ouimet S, Kafi MAH, Dervishi E, Wiium N, Rousseau C. Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:989661. [PMID: 37599737 PMCID: PMC10433179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.989661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Egyptian and Roma communities represent two of the most deprived and stigmatized ethnic minorities in Albania. However, research investigating vulnerability and well-being in youth from these communities is scant. Even less is known among Egyptian and Roma adolescents who dropped-out of school. Within a Positive Youth Development framework, we investigated among Egyptian and Roma adolescents: (1) risk behaviors, well-being, and developmental assets (personal and contextual); (2) associations of developmental assets with risk behaviors and well-being; (3) specificities by ethnicity, gender, and education. Methods A total of 201 Egyptian and Roma adolescents (Mage = 16.63, SDage = 1.80; 47% girls; 53% school dropouts) completed a series of questionnaires in a community setting in August 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Results Binomial, Poisson and linear regression models indicated that Egyptian and Roma adolescents reported similar and high levels of risk behaviors, with boys reporting overall more risk behaviors than girls. Low level of well-being and of personal and contextual assets were reported. Girls reported higher family assets, positive values and social competencies than boys. The situation of adolescents attending school was overall not better than that of youth who had dropped out. Higher positive identity was associated with higher well-being. Discussion Intervention and prevention efforts are urgently needed to support minority adolescents' development during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They should address the structural factors which limit the availability of personal and contextual resources in minority youth's lives. Interventions aimed at building safer neighborhoods and providing safe access to schools for minority youth should be a priority and are essential to prevent the widening of inequalities during and after this health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Ouimet
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eglantina Dervishi
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Nora Wiium
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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12
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Miconi D, Santavicca T, Frounfelker RL, Rousseau C. Preference for online social interactions and support for violent radicalization among college and university students. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2023:2023-70134-001. [PMID: 37166896 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Young people are at increased risk of supporting violent radicalization (VR), and VR processes are increasingly happening online. Despite the important role that online socialization plays in the lives of digital natives as well as in VR processes, empirical research aimed to investigate the association between online socialization and support for VR among young people is scant. This article examines the association between preference for online social interactions and support for VR among students and investigates whether this association is moderated by social support and collective self-esteem and mediated by depressive symptoms. A total of 5,598 Canadian college and university students (Mage = 22.75, SDage = 7.45) responded to an online survey. We implemented multivariable mixed-effects regression models, stratified and mediation analyses. Greater preference for online social interactions was associated with stronger support for VR. Preference for online social interactions was a risk factor for VR, particularly at low levels of public self-esteem and social support as well as at high levels of importance attributed to one's group identity. Depressive symptoms partially mediated this association. Programs aimed to foster and value multiple identities and increase social support in educational settings are urgently needed to address the possible negative consequences of the online space on young people's mental health and support for violence. Prevention programs should address the provision of psychosocial support to students reporting depressive symptoms and help them build and maintain a supportive social network, as well as enhance inclusion at the societal level and across educational institutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Department of Educational Psychology and Adult Education, University of Montreal
| | | | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University
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13
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Moingeon P, Chenel M, Rousseau C, Voisin E, Guedj M. Virtual patients, digital twins and causal disease models: paving the ground for in silico clinical trials. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103605. [PMID: 37146963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Computational models are being explored to simulate in silico the efficacy and safety of drug candidates and medical devices. Disease models that are based on patients' profiling data are being produced to represent interactomes of genes or proteins and to infer causality in the pathophysiology {AuQ: Edit OK?}, which makes it possible to mimic the impact of drugs on relevant targets. Virtual patients designed from medical records as well as digital twins were generated to simulate specific organs and to predict treatment efficacy at the individual patient level {AuQ: Edit OK?}. As the acceptance of digital evidence by regulators grows, predictive artificial intelligence (AI)-based models will support the design of confirmatory trials in humans and will accelerate the development of efficient drugs and medical devices.
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14
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Jouneau S, Rousseau C, Lederlin M, Lescoat A, Kerjouan M, Chauvin P, Luque-Paz D, Guillot S, Oger E, Vernhet L, Thibault R. Malnutrition And Decreased Food Intake At Diagnosis Are Associated With Hospitalization And Mortality Of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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15
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Li ZY, Frounfelker RL, Miconi D, Levinsson A, Rousseau C. Violent Radicalization, Mental Health, and Gender Identity: Considerations for Future Research. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:244-247. [PMID: 36827636 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study examines the association between gender identity, mental health, social adversity, and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR). Data were collected through an online survey in Canada. A total of 6003 eligible participants who were residents of Montreal, Toronto, Calgary, or Edmonton and aged from 18 to 35 years were included. We used Fisher exact test to assess gender differences in gender-based discrimination and we used analysis of variance tests to assess differences in scores on bullying, mental health, and sympathy for VR. We used linear regression to assess the relationship between mental health, social adversities, and sympathy for VR. Individuals who self-identified as trans and gender diverse had greater sympathy for VR than females did, experienced online victimization more frequently, and reported higher levels of psychological distress than both male and female participants. Our findings indicate that more research is needed on the association between social adversity and support for VR among this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health
| | | | - Diana Miconi
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Levinsson
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Cailleteau A, Ferrer L, Movassaghi R, Geffroy D, Rousseau C, Doré M, Fleury V. Diagnostic différentiel entre radionécrose cérébrale et rechute locale après radiothérapie intracrânienne : intérêt de la TEP-IRM FDG ? Médecine Nucléaire 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mednuc.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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17
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Malherbe J, Friol A, Rousseau C, Dauriat C, Péju E, Llitjos J, Boulant L, Martin C, Chassaing B, Burgel P, Pène F, Ladjemi M. Involvement of bronchial epithelium in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Rev Mal Respir 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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18
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Kovess-Masfety V, Frounfelker RL, Keyes K, Karam E, Sabawoon A, Sarwari BA, Husky M, Kaur N, Rousseau C. Education as a protective factor for mental health risks among youth living in highly dangerous regions in Afghanistan. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 36691033 PMCID: PMC9869819 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in Afghanistan live in dangerous areas, and have been exposed to traumatic events and chaotic education. Progress has been made on access to education for girls who were the most affected by traditional attitudes against engagement in education. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the mental health of Afghan children living in regions of conflict and the association of mental health with school attendance for girls and boys. METHOD The study included 2707 school aged children in eight regions of Afghanistan (16 provinces) residing in households recruited through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy in 2017. The level of terrorist threat was evaluated by the intensity of terrorist attacks recorded that year in each province. Child mental health was assessed with the parental report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) along with information on school attendance, sociodemographic characteristics and geographic location. RESULTS A total of 52.75% of children had scores above threshold for the SDQ total difficulties score, 39.19% for emotional difficulties, 51.98% for conduct challenges, and 15.37% for hyperactivity/inattention. Peer relationship problems were high (82.86%) and 12.38% reported that these problems impacted daily life. The level of terrorist threat was associated with SDQ total difficulties (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.08, P < 0.0001), with youth in regions with high levels of terrorist threat more likely to have problems than youth in regions with low or medium levels of danger, independent of region and ethnicity. School attendance was negatively associated with emotional symptoms (AOR = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and mental health difficulties with impairment (AOR = 0.67, P = 0.007), but positively associated with peer relationships difficulties (AOR = 1.96, P > 0.0001). Conduct (AOR = 1.66, P < .0001) and SDQ total difficulties (AOR = 1.22, P = 0.019) were higher among boys. Overall, gender did not modify the relationship between school attendance and child mental health. CONCLUSION Attending school is essential for children's mental health, across gender, and should be supported as a priority in Afghanistan despite the return of the Taliban.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Kovess-Masfety
- grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XLPPS, University of Paris, Paris, France ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R. L. Frounfelker
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada ,grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - K. Keyes
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - E. Karam
- grid.429040.bInstitute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.416659.90000 0004 1773 3761Department of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, St. George Hospital University Medical Center University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ajmal Sabawoon
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Governance Institute of Afghanistan (GI-A), Kabul, Afghanistan. .,Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad Sarwari
- grid.490670.cDepartment of Mental Health & Substance Abuse, Primary Health Care Directorate, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - M. Husky
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N. Kaur
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - C. Rousseau
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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19
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Johnson-Lafleur J, Zoldan Y, Frounfelker RL, Rousseau C. Collective case formulation in situations of violent radicalization: A critical perspective in training. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:302-312. [PMID: 36632689 PMCID: PMC10149881 DOI: 10.1177/13634615221134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Case formulation is used in clinical training to weave together theoretical perspectives and support a shared plan of action. Although a cornerstone of clinical practice, critical social theorists have highlighted the risks of depoliticizing political struggles and of reifying and fixing subjects when using psychopathology and case formulation to address situations of injustice. In the field of violent radicalization, this risk is increased by the extreme affects evoked by terror in practitioners and in societies. This article explores the challenges of training clinicians in the field of violent radicalization. It does so by analyzing a Community of Practice (CoP) that was developed to support practitioners involved in this domain of practice in Quebec, Canada. Four focus groups with CoP participants and participant observation of nine CoP meetings were conducted. Thematic and narrative analyses were used to explore the training potential of the CoP and to identify the discursive processes and group dynamics associated with this modality. Results indicate that the diversity of professional perspectives and social positionalities in the group plays a central role in helping participants become aware of their biases and in developing more complex understandings of cases and of their social embedding. Results also suggest that the collective holding of risk is key to preserve practitioners' investment in patients involved with violent radicalization. The sensitive issue of partnership between health and social services and security agencies is also addressed. Results suggest that CoPs with strong leadership allow for experiential training to enhance clinical and critical thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Zoldan
- Department of Health Sciences, 14661Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rochelle L Frounfelker
- Department of Community and Population Health, College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, 5620McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Schinazi J, Santavicca T, Ngov C, Vanier-Clément A, Touré A, Bolduc E, Rousseau C. The CoVivre Program: Community Development and Empowerment to Address the Inequalities Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Greater Montreal Area, Canada. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678221124654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had devastating effects around the world, yet it was not experienced equally by all. The emergence of the virus has been linked with the intensification of discrimination and inequities, as well as other systemic issues already present in society prior to the pandemic. The CoVivre Program was created with the mission to facilitate and accelerate initiatives aimed at reducing socioeconomic and health disparities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the Greater Montreal Area. CoVivre aims to inform, protect, and support communities, with an emphasis on communities experiencing marginalization, such as ethnic and religious minorities, refugees, asylum seekers, and precarious workers. This mission is guided by the latest research and CoVivre’s values of community empowerment, partnership, democratic communications, and cultural competency, among others. This article describes the process of planning and implementing the program and its components: Communications, Outreach and Awareness Raising, and Psychosocial Support and Mental Health, with a description of one project per component. It also aims to identify obstacles and facilitators of the program, to reflect on their relation with local and global ecosystems and their relationship to community action, and to examine community mobilization as expressing both resilience and resistance to top-down impositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Schinazi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Santavicca
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Ngov
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Aissata Touré
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Bolduc
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Santavicca T, Ngov C, Frounfelker R, Miconi D, Levinsson A, Rousseau C. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young adults in Canada. Can J Public Health 2022; 114:10-21. [PMID: 36207641 PMCID: PMC9542468 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted decision process that encompasses various factors for which an individual may choose to get vaccinated or not. We aimed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, current COVID-19 vaccine factors, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. METHODS The present research is a multi-province cross-sectional study design. Survey data were collected in May and June 2021 (n=4905) in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Multivariate ordinal regression models were used to assess the association between vaccine hesitant profiles and COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, and specific factors pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Participants were aged 18 to 40 years and 59% were women. Individuals with low income, with low educational attainment, and/or who are unemployed were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs and general attitudes towards vaccines are significantly associated with greater hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine factors including pro-vaccine actions and opinions of friends and family and trust in scientists and government as well as the country in which a vaccine is manufactured are associated with less vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION Conspiracy theories are distinct from criticism and concerns regarding the vaccine. Nevertheless, poverty, low level of education, and distrust towards the government are associated with higher odds of being vaccine hesitant. Results suggest it is imperative to deliver transparent and nuanced health communications to address legitimate distrust towards political and scientific actors and address the societal gap regarding general attitudes towards vaccines as opposed to focusing solely on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Ngov
- MUHC Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Rochelle Frounfelker
- Department of Community and Population Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - Diana Miconi
- Department of Psychopedagogy and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- MUHC Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec Canada ,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
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22
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Abstract
Refining the cultural safety concept to include an acknowledgement of both the discomfort inherent in training and care and the time needed to overcome multiple layers of oppression may partially buffer the feelings of failure or fraud that often arise from unrealistic expectations regarding equity, diversity and inclusion policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Gomez-Carrillo
- Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Inuulitsivik Health Center, Westmount, Canada; and Ungava Tulattavik Health Center, Kuujjuaq, Canada
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Canada; and Vulnerability, Trauma, Resilience and Culture Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Canada
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23
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Rousseau C, Quach C, Dubé È, Vanier-Clément A, Santavicca T, Monnais-Rousselots L. Vaccination of children in marginalized neighbourhoods: Equity and diversity challenges with COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. Can Commun Dis Rep 2022; 48:420-423. [PMID: 38125395 PMCID: PMC10730105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated social inequities along ethnic, racial and socio-economic lines, with significant harmful consequences for children. Building on the lessons learned from community-based initiatives, this commentary proposes a reflection around equity, diversity, and inclusion challenges embedded in child vaccination campaigns during an emergency context. We argue that building equitable and inclusive practices around marginalized communities' child vaccination is a multifaceted challenge. Beyond good intentions-wanting to protect children-the risks and benefits associated with highlighting diversity in each intervention need to be carefully considered, especially when it comes to a contested/polarizing procedure such as vaccination with a novel type of vaccine. Often, a one-size-fits-all approach negates and perpetuates structural inequities. In other cases, highlighting diversity and inequities may inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination, and further harm or infantilize targeted communities. By providing multiple perspectives, a transdisciplinary approach can support decision-making in a crisis context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ève Dubé
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC
| | | | - Tara Santavicca
- CIUSSS-Centre-Ouest-de-l’ile-de-Montréal - CoVivre, Montréal, QC
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24
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Darwish I, Harrison LB, Passos-Castilho AM, Labbé AC, Barkati S, Luong ML, Kong LY, Tutt-Guérette MA, Kierans J, Rousseau C, Benedetti A, Azoulay L, Greenaway C. In-hospital outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers in the COVID-19 pandemic first wave, Quebec, Canada. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272953. [PMID: 36001588 PMCID: PMC9401164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Health care workers (HCW), particularly immigrants and ethnic minorities are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes during a COVID-19 associated hospitalization are not well described among HCW. We aimed to describe the characteristics of HCW admitted with COVID-19 including immigrant status and ethnicity and the associated risk factors for Intensive Care unit (ICU) admission and death.
Methods
Adults with laboratory-confirmed community-acquired COVID-19 hospitalized from March 1 to June 30, 2020, at four tertiary-care hospitals in Montréal, Canada were included. Demographics, comorbidities, occupation, immigration status, country of birth, ethnicity, workplace exposures, and hospital outcomes (ICU admission and death) were obtained through a chart review and phone survey. A Fine and Gray competing risk proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of ICU admission among HCW stratified by immigrant status and region of birth.
Results
Among 1104 included persons, 150 (14%) were HCW, with a phone survey participation rate of 68%. HCWs were younger (50 vs 64 years; p<0.001), more likely to be female (61% vs 41%; p<0.001), migrants (68% vs 55%; p<0.01), non-White (65% vs 41%; p<0.001) and healthier (mean Charlson Comorbidity Index of 0.3 vs 1.2; p<0.001) compared to non-HCW. They were as likely to be admitted to the ICU (28% vs 31%; p = 0.40) but were less likely to die (4% vs. 17%; p<0.001). Immigrant HCW accounted for 68% of all HCW cases and, compared to Canadian HCW, were more likely to be personal support workers (PSW) (54% vs. 33%, p<0.01), to be Black (58% vs 4%) and to work in a Residential Care Facility (RCF) (59% vs 33%; p = 0.05). Most HCW believed that they were exposed at work, 55% did not always have access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and 40% did not receive COVID-19-specific Infection Control (IPAC) training.
Conclusion
Immigrant HCW were particularly exposed to COVID-19 infection in the first wave of the pandemic in Quebec. Despite being young and healthy, one third of all HCW required ICU admission, highlighting the importance of preventing workplace transmission through strong infection prevention and control measures, including high COVID-19 vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyse Darwish
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke B. Harrison
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Passos-Castilho
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Department of Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, CIUSSS de l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Département des Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sapha Barkati
- Department of Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Me-Linh Luong
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Département des Laboratoires de Biologie Médicale, Grappe Optilab-CHUM, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases CHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ling Yuan Kong
- Department of Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Tutt-Guérette
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Kierans
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- SHERPA University Institute, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Greenaway
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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25
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Kokou-Kpolou CK, Derivois D, Rousseau C, Balayulu-Makila O, Hajizadeh S, Birangui JP, Guerrier M, Bukaka J, Cénat JM. Enacted Ebola Stigma and Health-related Quality of Life in Post Ebola Epidemic: A Psychosocial Mediation Framework Through Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Coping. Appl Res Qual Life 2022; 17:2809-2832. [PMID: 35966804 PMCID: PMC9362404 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
On-site experiences and reports have shown that the multiple outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resulted in pervasive experience of stigma against many people who have recovered from EVD as well as their families and close relatives. Three evidence-based protective factors which are supposed to mitigate the impact of enacted Ebola stigma on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals in this epidemic context were identified. We expected that positive religious coping, perceived social support, and general self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between enacted Ebola stigma and HRQoL. These hypotheses were tested through multiple mediation model using the structural equation modeling among a large sample of adult populations (N = 1614; 50% women) in the province of Equateur in the DRC, in the aftermath of the 9th Ebola outbreak. The mediation model yielded adequate fit statistics and the results provided strong evidence that higher levels of enacted Ebola stigma were associated with lower HRQoL. They confirmed the synergetic mediating effects of positive religious coping, perceived social support from family (but not from others sources) and general self-efficacy. Futher exploratory findings revealed that the perceived social support from family buffered the impact of enacted Ebola stigma on HRQoL. If replicated by a longitudinal study, our findings lay a solid foundation for empirical-based community mental health interventions for reducing enacted Ebola stigma and promoting HRQoL during epidemics, especially in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Kossigan Kokou-Kpolou
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier 5045, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard ; 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Laboratory of Psychology Psy-DREPI, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, 7458 Dijon, EA France
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oléa Balayulu-Makila
- Laboratory of Psychology Psy-DREPI, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, 7458 Dijon, EA France
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Saba Hajizadeh
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier 5045, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Birangui
- Department of psychology, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mireille Guerrier
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier 5045, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques-Lussier 5045, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario Canada
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Cénat JM, Farahi SMMM, Dalexis RD, Darius WP, Bukaka J, Balayulu-Makila O, Luyeye N, Derivois D, Rousseau C. Mental distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study among communities affected by Ebola virus disease in the DR Congo. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114654. [PMID: 35660968 PMCID: PMC9137240 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associated with high mortality rate, fear, and anxiety, Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a significant risk factor for mental distress. This longitudinal study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors associated with mental distress among populations affected by EVD outbreaks in the Province of Equateur in DR Congo. METHODS Surveys were administered in zones affected by the 2018 EVD outbreak in Equateur Province with a 16-month interval. Measures assessed sociodemographic characteristics, mental distress (GHQ-12), COVID-19 and EVD exposure and related stigmatization, and Resilience. Models of logistic regression and path analysis were used to estimate factors related to mental distress outcomes. RESULTS Prevalence of mental distress decreased from Wave 1 to Wave 2 (Mental distressT1= 57.04%, Mental distressT2= 40.29%, x2= 23.981, p<.001). Clinical mental distress score at follow-up was predicted by greater levels of exposure to Ebola at baseline (B= .412, p<.001) and at Wave 2 (B= .453, p<.001) as well as Ebola stigmatization at baseline (B= .752, p<.001), and Protestant religion (B= .474, p=.038). Clinical mental distress score at follow-up was significantly associated with higher levels of exposure to COVID-19 (B= .389, p=.002) and COVID-19 related stigmatization (B= .480, p<.001). COVID-19 related stigmatization partially mediated the association between exposure to EVD (Time 1) and mental distress (B= .409, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Although a decrease in mental distress symptoms was observed, its prevalence remains high. The results show that mental health programs need to develop better health and education communication strategies to reduce stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
| | - Oléa Balayulu-Makila
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo,Department of psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Bourgogne, France
| | - Noble Luyeye
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Bourgogne, France
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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de Smet S, Rousseau C, Deruddere N, Kevers R, Spaas C, Missotten L, Stalpaert C, De Haene L. A contextualized perspective on research participation in collaborative refugee research: A multi-site exploration of relational dynamics in collaborative research. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2022; 28:325-337. [PMID: 34338539 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing body of literature emphasizes the role of refugees' social context, with social conditions both at home and in the host society having an impact on the possibility of power redistribution and the mobilization of agency in collaborative research practices. Our aim is to develop a contextualized understanding of research participation for refugees in collaborative research in order to further enhance insights on the potential strengths and pitfalls of collaborative refugee research. METHOD We closely study the various relational contexts that shape refugees' research participation and that may have an influence on power dynamics in collaborative research. In the present study, we explore participants' adaptation of research participation by means of an interpretive cross-case analysis of three psychosocial intervention studies sharing a collaborative approach with refugee participants, refugee families, refugee communities, and professional partners at different stages in the research process. RESULTS We identify the developed collaborative strategies in our three case studies and provide an outline of the ways refugees mobilize research participation through these identified collaborative strategies, from within the relational contexts of the family, community, and institutional actors. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows how research participation operates as a relational forum in which refugees continuously navigate and negotiate within and between multiple relational contexts. We argue that performing research participation, as a way of relating to a relational context, is both an interactive and a dynamic process. For research practice, our analysis addresses the importance of an in-depth understanding of participants' relational contexts to foster both a reflective research practice and trustful research relationships between researchers and participants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie de Smet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
| | | | - Nele Deruddere
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
| | - Ruth Kevers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
| | - Caroline Spaas
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
| | - Lies Missotten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
| | | | - Lucia De Haene
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Faculty Clinical Centre PraxisP
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Johnson-Lafleur J, Nadeau L, Rousseau C. Intercultural Training in Tense Times: Cultural Identities and Lived Experiences Within a Community of Practice of Youth Mental Health Care in Montréal. Cult Med Psychiatry 2022; 46:391-413. [PMID: 33988790 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-021-09720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the lived experiences of youth mental health practitioners taking part in Transcultural Interinstitutional and Interdisciplinary Case Discussion Seminars (TIICDS), an intercultural training initiative developed in Montréal (Québec, Canada), while considering the current context of increasing social polarizations. Using insights from the community of practice (CoP) framework and drawing on the analysis of 21 seminar sessions and 26 semi-structured individual interviews, this article examines the relation between the local sociopolitical context, the participants' verbalization about their identities, and the affect and cognition evoked by the training. Results indicate that TIICDSs present several features of a CoP and that intercultural training needs to build on both theoretical and experiential knowledge, while considering local contextual elements. These include historical and contemporary social representations and power differentials between groups, the cultural identities of trainees, and the institutions and sociopolitical structures in which clinical practices take place. These elements, we argue, are sensitive and potentially conflictual but can be addressed through supportive and reflexive group-based initiatives such as CoPs that bring together practitioners on a regular basis and provide them with a 'culturally safe enough' space in which they can learn to complexify their understanding of clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janique Johnson-Lafleur
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,SHERPA Research Center, 7085, rue Hutchison, Montreal, QC, H3N 1Y9, Canada.
| | - Lucie Nadeau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,SHERPA Research Center, 7085, rue Hutchison, Montreal, QC, H3N 1Y9, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,SHERPA Research Center, 7085, rue Hutchison, Montreal, QC, H3N 1Y9, Canada
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Beauregard C, Rousseau C, Benoit M, Papazian-Zohrabian G. Creating a safe space during classroom-based sandplay workshops for immigrant and refugee preschool children. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2022.2076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Beauregard
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Sherpa University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Sherpa University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryse Benoit
- Sherpa University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Garine Papazian-Zohrabian
- Sherpa University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Johnson-Lafleur J, Nadeau L, Rousseau C. Families’ and Practitioners’ Use of Culture in Youth Mental Health Services: A Double-Edged Sword. Child Youth Care Forum 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moscardino U, Musso P, Inguglia C, Ceccon C, Miconi D, Rousseau C. Sociodemographic and psychological correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in the young adult population in Italy. Vaccine 2022; 40:2379-2387. [PMID: 35305828 PMCID: PMC8920409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Joste M, Dion L, Brousse S, Nyangoh Timoh K, Rousseau C, Reilhac A, Laviolle B, Lesimple T, Lavoué V, Leveque J. 240 Vulvar and vaginal melanomas: Retrospective study from a tertiary center. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cénat JM, Noorishad PG, Dalexis RD, Rousseau C, Derivois D, Kokou-Kpolou CK, Bukaka J, Balayulu-Makila O, Guerrier M. Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among rural and urban populations affected by Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053375. [PMID: 35017247 PMCID: PMC8753092 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High mortality rates, anxiety and distress associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are risk factors for mood disorders in affected communities. This study aims to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among a representative sample of individuals affected by EVD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The current study was conducted 7 months (March 11, 2019 to April 23, 2019) after the end of the ninth outbreak of EVD in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). PARTICIPANTS A large population-based sample of 1614 adults (50% women, Mage=34.05; SD=12.55) in health zones affected by the ninth outbreak in DRC. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed questionnaires assessing EVD exposure level, stigmatisation related to EVD and depressive symptoms. The ORs associated with sociodemographic data, EVD exposure level and stigmatisation were analysed through logistic regressions. RESULTS Overall, 62.03% (95% CI 59.66% to 64.40%) of individuals living in areas affected by EVD were categorised as having severe depressive symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that adults in the two higher score categories of exposure to EVD were at two times higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms (respectively, OR 1.94 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.09); OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.34)). Individuals in the two higher categories of stigmatisation were two to four times more at risk (respectively, OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.83); OR 4.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 9.56)). Living in rural areas (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.38)) and being unemployed (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.93)) increased the likelihood of having severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that depressive symptoms in EVD affected populations is a major public health problem that must be addressed through culturally adapted mental health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, Franche-Comté, France
| | | | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
| | - Oléa Balayulu-Makila
- Department of Psychology, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, Franche-Comté, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)
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Miconi D, Geenen G, Frounfelker RL, Levinsson A, Rousseau C. Meaning in Life, Future Orientation and Support for Violent Radicalization Among Canadian College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:765908. [PMID: 35222111 PMCID: PMC8873191 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.765908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased levels of uncertainty and social polarization in our societies, compromising young people's capacity to envision a positive future and maintain a meaningful sense of purpose in life. Within a positive youth development framework, the present study investigates the associations of a positive future orientation, presence of and search for meaning in life, and support for violent radicalization (VR) in a diverse sample of Canadian college students. In addition, we investigate the moderating role of future orientation in the association between presence of and search for a meaning in life and support for VR. A total of 3,100 college students in Québec (Canada) (69% female; M age = 18.57, SD age = 1.76) completed an online survey during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from linear mixed-effects models indicate that a positive future orientation and a higher presence of a meaning in life were negatively and independently associated with support for VR. Search for meaning in life was not associated with support for VR. The magnitude of the negative association between presence of a meaning in life and support for VR was greater among students with a more positive future orientation. Schools and colleges are in a privileged position to implement preventive interventions to support a positive future orientation and the presence of a meaning in life among young people during these challenging and uncertain times and reduce the risk of violence related to extreme ideologies in our rapidly changing society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Department of Psychopedagogy and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Geenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anna Levinsson
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Cénat JM, Rousseau C, Bukaka J, Dalexis RD, Guerrier M. Severe Anxiety and PTSD Symptoms Among Ebola Virus Disease Survivors and Healthcare Workers in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern DR Congo. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:767656. [PMID: 35599776 PMCID: PMC9120641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.767656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors and healthcare workers (HCWs) face stress, fear, and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic that can induce severe symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined the prevalence and factors related to severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms, using a representative sample of survivors of the 2018-2020 EVD epidemic in DR Congo in comparison HCWs. Five hundred sixty-three participants (55.25% women, 309 survivors, 202 HCWs, and 52 HCWs and survivors) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, PTSD, exposure to EVD and COVID-19, stigmatization related to EVD and COVID-19, interpersonal traumas, social support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 45.6 and 75.0% of survivors and HCWs reported severe symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. Significant difference was observed among the three groups for both PTSD (53.7% survivors, 37.1% HCWs, and 30.8% HCWs-survivors, χ2= 18.67, p < 0.0001) and anxiety (88.3% survivors, 56.9% HCWs, and 65.4% HCWs- survivors, χ2= 67.03, p < 0.0001). Comorbidity of severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms was 42.3% between the three groups. Results revealed that exposure to EVD (b = 0.53; p = 0.001; b = 0.12; p = 0.042), EVD-related stigmatization (b = 0.14; p = 0.018; b = 0.07; p = 0.006), COVID-19-related stigmatization (b = 0.22; p < 0.0001; b = 0.08; p = 0.0001) and social support (b = -0.30; p < 0.0001; b = -0.14; p < 0.0001) predicted severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms. The last models explained 63.8 and 56.4% of the variance of PTSD and anxiety. Symptoms of PTSD and anxiety are common among EVD survivors and HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Culturally-sensitive programs that address stigma are necessary to mitigate the cumulative effects of EVD and the COVID-19 pandemic on EVD survivors and HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of Psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a retrospective sample, the authors sought to determine whether Black patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Canada were at a higher risk for coercive referral and coercive intervention than non-Black patients with FEP. METHODS Retrospective data from patients referred to an FEP program in 2008-2018 were collected via chart review (N=208). The authors used chi-square and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships among race-ethnicity, diagnosis of psychosis, and coercive referral and intervention. RESULTS Results showed that Black persons of Caribbean or African descent with FEP were significantly more likely to be coercively referred (χ2=9.24, df=2, p=0.010) and coercively treated (χ2=9.21, df=2, p=0.010) than were non-Black individuals with FEP. Age and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive referral. Ethnoracial status, age, and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the dearth of research on Black Canadians and offers insight into factors that may place patients with FEP at risk for coercive treatment. More research is needed to explore the role that ethnoracial status may play in hospital admissions and to uncover the role of racial prejudices in the assessment of danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer Knight
- Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (all authors); First Episode Psychosis Program (FEPP), Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (Jarvis); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal (Ryder)
| | - G Eric Jarvis
- Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (all authors); First Episode Psychosis Program (FEPP), Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (Jarvis); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal (Ryder)
| | - Andrew G Ryder
- Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (all authors); First Episode Psychosis Program (FEPP), Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (Jarvis); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal (Ryder)
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (all authors); First Episode Psychosis Program (FEPP), Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (Jarvis); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal (Ryder)
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Department of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (all authors); First Episode Psychosis Program (FEPP), Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal (Jarvis); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, Montreal (Ryder)
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El-Majzoub S, Narasiah L, Adrien A, Kaiser D, Rousseau C. Negotiating Safety and Wellbeing: The Collaboration Between Faith-Based Communities and Public Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Relig Health 2021; 60:4564-4578. [PMID: 34559364 PMCID: PMC8475844 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to lockdown measures where congregational faith-based activities were prohibited. With time, the collateral impacts of confinement emerged as priorities, and impositions had to be balanced with the collaboration of the population. In this process, faith-based organizations played a key role in encouraging their congregations to adhere to lockdown measures while fostering their mental wellbeing and resilience. This paper describes the process of establishing a collaborative negotiation among the Montreal Regional Public Health Unit, the police, and the Muslim and Jewish communities, examining the role of mediation in this context. Despite some obstacles, such as communication difficulties and decision-making limitations, the collaborative approach seems to buffer the escalation of intercommunity tension and to promote communities' commitment to physical distancing measures and should be considered in times of pandemic for a more inclusive public health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam El-Majzoub
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - Alix Adrien
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - David Kaiser
- Public Health School- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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Cénat JM, Dalexis RD, Derivois D, Hébert M, Hajizadeh S, Kokou-Kpolou CK, Guerrier M, Rousseau C. Corrigendum: The Transcultural Community Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties and Multinational Validity in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:771706. [PMID: 34690903 PMCID: PMC8532993 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.771706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713477.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Saba Hajizadeh
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Rousseau C, Oulhote Y, Lecompte V, Mekki-Berrada A, Hassan G, El Hage H. Collective identity, social adversity and college student sympathy for violent radicalization. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:654-668. [PMID: 31180826 DOI: 10.1177/1363461519853653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generation migrants who have to negotiate multiple identities, sometimes in situations of social adversity. This paper aims to understand the relations between collective identity, social adversity (discrimination and exposure to violence), and sympathy for violent radicalization in College students in Quebec. This mixed-method study consisted of a large online survey conducted at eight colleges in Quebec. Multilevel analysis accounted for the clustered nature of data while generalized additive mixed models were used to study nonlinear relations. Results highlight the complex associations between collective identity and youth sympathy for violent radicalization. They confirm that negative public representations of minority communities may lead to more sympathy for violent radicalization. Although results suggest that strong enough identities can act as protective anchorages for youth, they also indicate that when collective identity becomes too central in personal identity this may accentuate othering processes and legitimize violence toward the out-group. These results have implications for prevention programs. They indicate that improving the public image of minority communities through mainstream media or the social media may increase youth public self-esteem and decrease their sympathy for violent radicalization. They also invite the education field to foster the development of strong plural identities.
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Bourgeois-Guérin É, Miconi D, Rousseau-Rizzi A, Rousseau C. Evaluation of a training program on the prevention of violent radicalization for health and education professionals. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:712-728. [PMID: 34661488 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211047438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a preliminary evaluation of training sessions promoting a systemic approach to violent radicalization (VR) offered to first-line health and education professionals in Quebec. We describe the rationale and content for the training program, its general principles and implementation modalities. The mixed-method evaluation indicated that the participants felt the training increased their level of confidence in dealing with VR in their work. It appeared that training also shifted participants' attitudes significantly on four items with decreases: (1) worry about the extent of VR of young people in Quebec; (2) belief that VR should automatically be reported to the police; (3) thinking that Islam favors VR; and (4) assumption that enhanced security measures would have a deterrent effect on VR. The conclusion discusses the challenges associated with violent radicalization training programs, emphasizing the delicate ethical and political questions related to the provision of training on this socially divisive topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Bourgeois-Guérin
- Department of Human Sciences, Letters and Communications, 193124TELUQ University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,SHERPA University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diana Miconi
- SHERPA University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychopedagogy and Andragogy, Faculty of Education, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- SHERPA University Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, 505840McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Frounfelker RL, Frissen T, Miconi D, Lawson J, Brennan RT, d'Haenens L, Rousseau C. Transnational evaluation of the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale: Measuring population attitudes toward violent radicalization in two countries. Transcult Psychiatry 2021; 58:669-682. [PMID: 33990162 PMCID: PMC8733345 DOI: 10.1177/13634615211000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Countering violent radicalization is a priority in many countries, prompting research that assesses attitudes and beliefs about violent radicalization in the general population. The majority of violent radicalization assessments have been developed among specific populations, with limited investigation into the generalizability and cross-cultural applicability of measurement tools. A transcultural investigation raises questions about the implicit assumptions and norms that inform instrument development. This research examined the psychometric properties of the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale (SyfoR), a measure developed for use with Pakistani and Bangladeshi immigrant groups in the UK, in two convenience samples of youth and young adults in North America and Western Europe. We investigated the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of adapted versions of the SyfoR among convenience samples of youth and young adults living in Belgium (N = 2014) and in Quebec, Canada (N = 1364) via online surveys administered to students engaged in secondary and post-secondary education. Results indicate that, in both samples, a reduced, 8-item version of the SyfoR has a 3-factor structure with good model fit statistics using confirmatory factor analysis and good internal consistency reliability. More studies are needed to assess the appropriateness of the SyfoR for use in diverse contexts and among diverse populations. The potential usefulness and harmfulness of measures of violent radicalization should balance the benefits of obtaining local data with the risks associated with pathologizing social dissent.
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Cénat JM, Kokou-Kpolou CK, Mukunzi JN, Dalexis RD, Noorishad PG, Rousseau C, Derivois D, Bukaka J, Balayulu-Makila O, Guerrier M. Ebola virus disease, stigmatization, peritraumatic distress, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:214-221. [PMID: 34217958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms worsening the development of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among individuals affected by high-mortality epidemics are unclear. This study examined the prevalence of PTSD and related risk factors among populations affected by the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, and investigated whether peritraumatic distress mediates the impact of exposure level to EVD on PTSD symptoms, and the moderation role of stigmatization. METHODS The sample included 1614 participants (50% women) affected by EVD in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Participants completed the PTSD Check-List for DSM-5, Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, and measures evaluating levels of exposure and stigmatization related to EVD. Descriptive analyses and a moderated mediation model were computed. RESULTS A total of 58.81% participants (95% CI: 56.41%; 61.21%) met PTSD diagnostic criteria. Participants living in rural areas presented greater risk, while there is no significant difference between men and women. Peritraumatic distress mediated partially the association between exposure to EVD and PTSD symptoms. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by stigmatization related to EVD. LIMITATIONS As the design was cross-sectional, this study could not examine the causality of PTSD symptoms among communities affected by EVD. CONCLUSIONS This study shows high prevalence rates and important risk factors associated with PTSD in populations affected by EVD. It indicates elements that could help to develop and implement prevention and intervention programs in affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Laboratory of Psychology Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jacqueline Bukaka
- Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
| | - Oléa Balayulu-Makila
- Laboratory of Psychology Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France; Department of psychology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DR of Congo
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Abstract
This article introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry with selected papers from the McGill Advanced Study Institute in Cultural Psychiatry on "Pluralism and Polarization: Cultural Contexts and Dynamics of Radicalization," which took place June 20-22, 2017. The ASI brought together an interdisciplinary group scholars to consider the role of social dynamics, cultural contexts and psychopathology in radicalization to violent extremism. Papers addressed four broad topics: (1) current meanings and uses of the term radicalization; (2) personal and social determinants of violent radicalization, including individual psychology, interpersonal dynamics, and wider social-historical, community and network processes; (3) social and cultural contexts and trajectories of radicalization including the impact of structural and historical forces associated with colonization and globalization as well as contemporary political, economic and security issues faced by youth and disaffected groups; and (4) approaches to community prevention and clinical intervention to reduce the risk of violent radicalization. In this introductory essay, we revisit these themes, define key terms, and outline some of the theoretical and empirical insights in the contributions to this issue. Efforts to prevent violent radicalization face challenges because social media and the Internet allow the rapid spread of polarizing images and ideas. The escalation of security measures and policies also serves to confirm the worldview of conspiracy theory adherents. In addition to addressing the structural inequities that fuel feelings of anger and resentment, we need to promote solidarity among diverse communities by building a pluralistic civil society that offers a meaningful alternative to the violent rhetorics of us and them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Neil K Aggarwal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York
| | - Laurence J Kirmayer
- Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, and Culture & Mental Health Research Unit, Institute of Community & Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Miconi D, Frounfelker RL, Whiteley T, Mekki-Berrada A, Rousseau C. Discrimination and Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Among College Students in Quebec (Canada): The Protective Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiosity. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:773-776. [PMID: 34582404 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study examines the moderating role of total, intrinsic, and extrinsic religiosity in the relation between perceived discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) among college students in Quebec, Canada. A total of 931 students responded to an online questionnaire and were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for the clustered nature of the data, and moderation was assessed via interaction analysis using cross-product terms in the models. Findings indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had a protective role in the link between perceived discrimination and sympathy for VR and buffered the effects of sadness in response to discrimination on sympathy for VR, but not the effects of anger in response to discrimination. These results provide evidence of the protective role of religiosity in Canada, a social context characterized by an increase in religious discrimination, but which also supports religious diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Rousseau C, Rummens JA, Frounfelker RL, Yebenes MRC, Cleveland J. Canadian Health Personnel Attitudes Toward Refugee Claimants' Entitlement to Health Care. J Int Migr Integr 2021; 23:1341-1356. [PMID: 34522190 PMCID: PMC8429477 DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Health care personnel attitudes toward refugee claimant entitlement to health care are influenced by multilevel factors including institutional and societal culture. Although individual attitudes may be modified through training, macro- and meso-issues require system-level interventions. This paper analyzes the role of individual-, institutional-, and city-level factors in shaping attitudes toward refugee claimants' access to health care among Canadian health care personnel. A total of 4207 health care personnel in 16 institutions located in Montreal and Toronto completed an online survey on attitudes regarding health care access for refugee claimants. We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify individual-, institutional-, and city-level predictors of endorsing access to care. Participants who had prior contact with refugee claimants had greater odds of endorsing access to care than those who did not (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.21). Attitudes varied with occupation: social workers had the highest probability of endorsing equal access to health care (.83; 95% CI .77, .89) followed by physicians (.77; 95% CI .71, .82). An estimated 7.97% of the individual variation in endorsement of equal access to health care was attributable to differences between institutions, but this association was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for city residence. Results indicate that the contexts in which health care professionals live and work are important when understanding opinions on access to health care for vulnerable populations. They suggest that institutional interventions promoting a collective mission to care for vulnerable populations may improve access to health care for precarious status migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest de L'Ile-de-Montréal, QC H3N 1Y9 Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Rochelle L Frounfelker
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest de L'Ile-de-Montréal, QC H3N 1Y9 Montreal, Canada
| | - Monica Ruiz Casares Yebenes
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest de L'Ile-de-Montréal, QC H3N 1Y9 Montreal, Canada
| | - Janet Cleveland
- Sherpa Research Centre, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest de L'Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
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Cénat JM, Dalexis RD, Derivois D, Hébert M, Hajizadeh S, Kokou-Kpolou CK, Guerrier M, Rousseau C. The Transcultural Community Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties and Multinational Validity in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713477. [PMID: 34489816 PMCID: PMC8417301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few instruments assess community resilience. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the capacity of communities to support resilience of members deserves to be assessed to develop programs for improving mental health of affected populations. This article presents the development of the Ottawa-Community Resilience Scale (O-CRS), its underlying factorial structure and transcultural validity with a multilingual (English, French, Creole, Kinyarwanda), multinational (DR Congo, Haiti, Rwanda, Togo) and multicultural sample affected by this pandemic. A sample of 1,267 participants (40.9% women) were recruited in the four countries: DRC (n = 626, 43.4% women), Haiti (n = 225, 42.0% women), Rwanda (n = 174, 40.5% women), and Togo (n = 242, 33.2% women), with a mean age of 32 (SD = 10.1). They completed measures assessing individual resilience, depression and the O-CRS. Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analyses, Cronbach alpha, coefficient H and the McDonald's Omega, and bivariate regression were used to estimate the underlying components of the O-CRS, its internal consistency and concurrent validity. Parallel factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis results revealed an excellent fit 3-factor structure. Internal consistency coefficients varied between 0.82 and 0.95. The O-CRS showed a good construct validity with a positive association with individual resilience and negative association with depression score. Developed with a collaborative approach involving researchers, practitioners, and clients/patients, the O-CRS and its three factors (community strengths and support, community trust and faith, and community values) demonstrated excellent psychometric properties for assessing community resilience among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Saba Hajizadeh
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Miconi D, Dervishi E, Wiium N, Johnson‐Lafleur J, Ibrahimi S, Rousseau C. Egyptian and Roma Adolescents' Perspectives on Their Developmental Assets in Albania During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:576-594. [PMID: 34448300 PMCID: PMC8646479 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This mixed-method study explores the accessibility of developmental assets among Egyptian and Roma minority youth in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic. Six focus groups were conducted in August 2020 with Egyptian (n = 16) and Roma (n = 15) adolescents (14-20 years, Mage = 16.71; SDage = 2.00; 14 girls and 17 boys). In addition, adolescents rated how much they experienced each developmental asset. Descriptive and thematic analyses highlighted: (1) low developmental assets and barriers to accessing resources, (2) mental health concerns and coping strategies, (3) the role of proximal contexts of life, and (4) experiences within the society in terms of discrimination, integration, and contribution to society. Inter-sectoral community-based interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on minority youth.
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Rousseau C, Le Thiec M, Maucherat B, Frindel M, Fleury V. [Place of molecular imaging in the management of prostate cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:663-666. [PMID: 34404605 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the management of prostate cancer in recent years, innovative therapies have appeared requiring precise and reliable disease detection. In 2021, new generation imaging (PET/CT, multiparametric MRI, PET/MRI) have their place at all stages of the prostate cancer natural history to help target the lesion(s) and guide therapy and improve the results obtained. PSMA PET/CT is currently the leader in this type of imaging with a complete offer during the disease: both from diagnosis, to recurrence or in the oligo-metastatic and metastatic stage resistant to castration with a pivotal role in the PSMA theranostic approach. However, multiparametric MRI also has many detection advantages when the prostate is left in place, which suggests the potential major benefit of hybrid PSMA PET/MRI imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseau
- Département de médecine nucléaire, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France; Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - M Le Thiec
- Département de médecine nucléaire, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France
| | - B Maucherat
- Département de médecine nucléaire, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France
| | - M Frindel
- Département de pharmacie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France
| | - V Fleury
- Département de médecine nucléaire, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain cedex, France
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Kirmayer LJ, Fernando S, Guzder J, Lashley M, Rousseau C, Schouler-Ocak M, Lewis-Fernández R, Fung K, Jarvis GE. A Call to Action on Racism and Social Justice in Mental Health: Un appel à l'action en matière de racisme et de justice sociale en santé mentale. Can J Psychiatry 2021; 66:590-593. [PMID: 32954813 PMCID: PMC8138735 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720964333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Kirmayer
- James McGill Professor and Director, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Suman Fernando
- Emeritus Professor in Social Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London
| | - Jaswant Guzder
- Professor, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Assistant Professor, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Professor, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- Professor for Intercultural Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Clinic of Charité, Berlin; Chair of Section on Transcultural Psychiatry of World Psychiatric Association
| | - Roberto Lewis-Fernández
- Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University; Director, NYS Center of Excellence for Cultural Competence, New York State Psychiatric Institute; President, World Association of Cultural Psychiatry
| | - Kenneth Fung
- Associate Professor, Psychotherapy, Humanities, and Psychosocial Interventions (PHPI) Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; President, Society for the Study of Psychiatry and Culture
| | - G Eric Jarvis
- Associate Professor, Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry and Director, Cultural Consultation Service, McGill University, Montréal, Québec; Chair, Section on Transcultural Psychiatry, Canadian Psychiatric Association
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Guérin S, Joste M, Khene ZE, Rousseau C, Brousse S, Nyangoh Timoh K, Levêque J, Lavoué V. [External validation of nomogram for the prediction of recurrences of pregnancy-associated breast cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 49:844-849. [PMID: 33892161 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis and therapeutics are challenging in pregnancy-related breast cancer and a multidisciplinary approach is therefore essential. A nomogram predictive of recurrence at 36 months of PABC has recently been developed, the aim was to evaluate it on an independent cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a monocentric retrospective study including all patients with PABC between January 2004 and March 2018. A Kaplan-Meier method was used for the analysis of recurrence-free survival. Nomogram performance was analysed on 3 indicators: discrimination by a receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC), calibration and net clinical benefit by a decision curve analysis. RESULTS Forty-one patients have been included. The survival rate was 83 % at 3 years. The nomogram showed acceptable discrimination capacities on receiver-operator characteristic analysis (c-index: 0.78). Decision-curve analysis showed a positive net-benefit for relapse probability ranges between 5 % and 35 %. CONCLUSION The performance of this prediction model is acceptable but the net clinical benefit low. In conclusion, prediction of recurrence remains challenging with a continued need for more precise tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guérin
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France.
| | - M Joste
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - Z E Khene
- Centre d'investigation clinique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - C Rousseau
- Centre d'investigation clinique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - S Brousse
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - K Nyangoh Timoh
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - J Levêque
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - V Lavoué
- Département de gynécologie obstétrique et de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, France
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