1
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Chan WF, Coughlan HD, Ruhle M, Iannarella N, Alvarado C, Groom JR, Keenan CR, Kueh AJ, Wheatley AK, Smyth GK, Allan RS, Johanson TM. Survey of activation-induced genome architecture reveals a novel enhancer of Myc. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:345-357. [PMID: 36710659 PMCID: PMC10952581 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Myc is critically important in driving cell proliferation, a function that is frequently dysregulated in cancer. To avoid this dysregulation Myc is tightly controlled by numerous layers of regulation. One such layer is the use of distal regulatory enhancers to drive Myc expression. Here, using chromosome conformation capture to examine B cells of the immune system in the first hours after their activation, we reveal a previously unidentified enhancer of Myc. The interactivity of this enhancer coincides with a dramatic, but discrete, spike in Myc expression 3 h post-activation. However, genetic deletion of this region, has little impact on Myc expression, Myc protein level or in vitro and in vivo cell proliferation. Examination of the enhancer deleted regulatory landscape suggests that enhancer redundancy likely sustains Myc expression. This work highlights not only the importance of temporally examining enhancers, but also the complexity and dynamics of the regulation of critical genes such as Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Fuk Chan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Hannah D Coughlan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Michelle Ruhle
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Nadia Iannarella
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Christine R Keenan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Rhys S Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Timothy M Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
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2
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Dalit L, Alvarado C, Küijper L, Kueh AJ, Weir A, D’Amico A, Herold MJ, Vince JE, Nutt SL, Groom JR. CXCL11 expressing C57BL/6 mice have intact adaptive immune responses to viral infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:312-322. [PMID: 35233830 PMCID: PMC9542850 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is expressed on immune cells to co‐ordinate lymphocyte activation and migration. CXCR3 binds three chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. These ligands display distinct expression patterns and ligand signaling biases; however, how each ligand functions individually and collaboratively is incompletely understood. CXCL9 and CXCL10 are considered pro‐inflammatory chemokines during viral infection, while CXCL11 may induce a tolerizing state. The investigation of the individual role of CXCL11 in vivo has been hampered as C57BL/6 mice carry several mutations that result in a null allele. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to correct these mutations on a C57BL/6 background. It was validated that CXCL11KI mice expressed CXCL11 protein in dendritic cells, spleen and lung. CXCL11KI mice were largely phenotypically indistinguishable from C57BL/6 mice, both at steady‐state and during two models of viral infection. While CXCL11 expression did not modify acute antiviral responses, this study provides a new tool to understand the role of CXCL11 in other experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Dalit
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Lisan Küijper
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ashley Weir
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Angela D’Amico
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
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3
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Zuniga C, Friz P, Vivanco P, Urizar A, Briñon M, Alvarado C, Jara F, Silva J, García T, Müller H, Alcántara I, Aránguiz C, Fernández I. POS-746 ROLE OF TELENEPHROLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CKD STAGES 4-5 (NO DIALYSIS) PATIENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [PMCID: PMC8854939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Cohen M, Hounkonnou C, Billiauws L, Lecoq E, Villain C, Alvarado C, Gault N, Joly F. Pronostic des infections liées à une voie veineuse centrale (VVC) dans une population de patient en nutrition parentérale à domicile (NPAD). NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Tan HX, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Wragg KM, Konstandopoulos P, Alcantara S, Alvarado C, Jones R, Starkey G, Wang BZ, Yoshino O, Tiang T, Grayson ML, Opdam H, D'Costa R, Vago A, Mackay LK, Gordon CL, Masopust D, Groom JR, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Lung-resident memory B cells established after pulmonary influenza infection display distinct transcriptional and phenotypic profiles. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabf5314. [PMID: 35089815 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established that memory B cells, largely thought to be circulatory in the blood, can take up long-term residency in inflamed tissues, analogous to widely described tissue-resident T cells. The dynamics of recruitment and retention of memory B cells to tissues and their immunological purpose remains unclear. Here, we characterized tissue-resident memory B cells (BRM) that are stably maintained in the lungs of mice after pulmonary influenza infection. Influenza-specific BRM were localized within inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs) and displayed transcriptional signatures distinct from classical memory B cells in the blood or spleen while showing partial overlap with memory B cells in lung-draining lymph nodes. We identified lung-resident markers, including elevated expression of CXCR3, CCR6, and CD69, on hemagglutinin (HA)- and nucleoprotein (NP)-specific lung BRM. We found that CCR6 facilitates increased recruitment and/or retention of BRM in lungs and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells upon recall. Although expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 was comparable in total and influenza-specific memory B cells isolated across tissues of human donors, CD69 expression was higher in memory B cells from lung and draining lymph nodes of human organ donors relative to splenic and PBMC-derived populations, indicating that mechanisms underpinning BRM localization may be evolutionarily conserved. Last, we demonstrate that human memory B cells in lungs are transcriptionally distinct to populations in lung-draining lymph nodes or PBMCs. These data suggest that BRM may constitute a discrete component of B cell immunity, positioned at the lung mucosa for rapid humoral response against respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Penny Konstandopoulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sheilajen Alcantara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Graham Starkey
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Boa Zhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Thomas Tiang
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - M Lindsay Grayson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Helen Opdam
- DonateLife, The Australian Organ and Tissue Authority, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Rohit D'Costa
- DonateLife Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Angela Vago
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | | | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Claire L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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6
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Cohen M, Hounkonnou C, Billiauws L, Lecoq E, Villain C, Alvarado C, Gault N, Joly F. Salvage of central line in case of catheter - associated blood stream infections (clabsis) a prospective observational study in adult patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Duckworth BC, Lafouresse F, Wimmer VC, Broomfield BJ, Dalit L, Alexandre YO, Sheikh AA, Qin RZ, Alvarado C, Mielke LA, Pellegrini M, Mueller SN, Boudier T, Rogers KL, Groom JR. Effector and stem-like memory cell fates are imprinted in distinct lymph node niches directed by CXCR3 ligands. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:434-448. [PMID: 33649580 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells dynamically interact with multiple, distinct cellular subsets to determine effector and memory differentiation. Here, we developed a platform to quantify cell location in three dimensions to determine the spatial requirements that direct T cell fate. After viral infection, we demonstrated that CD8+ effector T cell differentiation is associated with positioning at the lymph node periphery. This was instructed by CXCR3 signaling since, in its absence, T cells are confined to the lymph node center and alternatively differentiate into stem-like memory cell precursors. By mapping the cellular sources of CXCR3 ligands, we demonstrated that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are expressed by spatially distinct dendritic and stromal cell subsets. Unlike effector cells, retention of stem-like memory precursors in the paracortex is associated with CCR7 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that T cell location can be tuned, through deficiency in CXCL10 or type I interferon signaling, to promote effector or stem-like memory fates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arenaviridae Infections/genetics
- Arenaviridae Infections/immunology
- Arenaviridae Infections/metabolism
- Arenaviridae Infections/virology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunologic Memory
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/virology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/pathogenicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/virology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cell Niche
- Stromal Cells/immunology
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette C Duckworth
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Fanny Lafouresse
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Verena C Wimmer
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Broomfield
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lennard Dalit
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amania A Sheikh
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond Z Qin
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolina Alvarado
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa A Mielke
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Kissick DJ, Martin-Garcia JM, Hu H, Venugopalan N, Xu S, Corcoran S, Ferguson D, Hilgart MC, Makarov O, Xu Q, Ogata C, Stepanov S, Thifault D, Marlowe T, Alvarado C, Zacks M, Cance W, Fromme P, Fischetti RF. Improvements in serial crystallography capabilities at GM/CA. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731909562x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Ahmed A, Paz-Fumagalli R, McKinney J, Ritchie C, Frey G, Lewis A, Devcic Z, Livingston D, Cheiky E, Vega L, Hodge D, Vidal L, Shah J, Geller B, Kolarich A, Wang M, Alvarado C, Iv C, Lubinski A, Toskich B. 03:09 PM Abstract No. 113 Lobar Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization equal or greater than 150Gy MIRD: an analysis of hepatic biochemical safety as a function of treated liver volume and administered dose. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Bodle BC, Alvarado C, Shirley RB, Mercier Y, Lee JT. Evaluation of different dietary alterations in their ability to mitigate the incidence and severity of woody breast and white striping in commercial male broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3298-3310. [PMID: 29762760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The following study was conducted to define how multiple nutritional strategies affect broiler performance, meat yield, and the presence and severity of white striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) in high-yielding broilers. Relative to a commercial set of reference broiler diets (Commercial reference diet; Trt 1) that were fed in a 4-phase program, the following nutritional strategies were investigated: increasing the ratio of digestible arginine: digestible lysine (dArg: dLys ranged from 113 to 126; Trt 2), supplementing Trt 1 with 94.4 mg vitamin C/kg feed (Trt 3), doubling the vitamin pack inclusion rate (Trt 4), reducing the digestible amino acid density (dAA) of only the grower phase by 15% and feeding the same Trt 1 starter, finisher, and withdraw diets (Trt 5), and combining the 4 strategies just mentioned (Trt 6). There was no difference in performance at the end of the starter phase (P = 0.066); however, at the end of the grower and finisher phases, feeding lower dAA grower diets suppressed BW (Trts 5 and 6; P < 0.001) and increased FCR. Differences in performance amongst all treatments disappeared at day 49 (P = 0.220). No differences were observed in average breast weight (P = 0.188); however, breast yield (as a % of live weight) was greatest for Trt 1 and least for Trt 6 (P = 0.041). The WB score dropped from 1.83 in Trt 1 to 1.49, 1.27, 1.74, 1.53, and 1.43 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively (P = 0.018). These changes were the result of a shift in WB score, where the WB class that contained scores of 2 and 3 shifted from 61.3% in Trt 1 to 49.3, 35.9, 60.0, 50.8, and 38.7 in treatments 2 to 6, respectively. Given the FCR, breast weight data and the fact that high WB scores result in a devaluation of breast meat, feeding a higher ratio of dArg: dLys, higher vitamin C, or lower dAA in the grower phase results in better breast meat quality and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bodle
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - C Alvarado
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - R B Shirley
- Adisseo USA, Inc., Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA
| | - Y Mercier
- Adisseo France, SAS, Antony, 92160, France
| | - J T Lee
- Poultry Science Department, Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Shah J, Geller B, Meiers C, Kolarich A, Alvarado C, Wang M, Iv C, Lubinski A, Thornton L, Ahmed A, Wiley S, Kapp M, Gilbride G, Bozorgmehri S, Grajo J, Toskich B. Abstract No. 543 Transarterial radioembolization hepatic biochemical safety analysis as a function of percent liver treated and administered dose. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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13
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Casco G, Taylor TM, Alvarado C. Evaluation of novel micronized encapsulated essential oil-containing phosphate and lactate blends for growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella on poultry bologna, pork ham, and roast beef ready-to-eat deli loaves. J Food Prot 2015; 78:698-706. [PMID: 25836394 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils and their constituents are reported to possess potent antimicrobial activity, but their use in food processing is limited because of low solubility in aqueous systems and volatilization during processing. Two proprietary noncommercial essential oil-containing phosphate blends were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica cocktail (SC)-and Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-inoculated deli meat products made from pork, poultry, or beef. Four treatments were tested on restructured cured pork ham, emulsified chicken bologna, and restructured beef loaf: nonencapsulated essential oil with phosphate version 1 at 0.45% of final batch (EOV145; chicken and pork, or EEOV245 beef), micronized encapsulated essential oil with phosphate version 2 at 0.60% of final batch (EEOV260), a 2.0% potassium lactate (PL) control, and a negative control (CN) with no applied antimicrobial agent. Compared with the CN, none of the antimicrobial agents (EEOV260, EOV145, PL) successfully limited Lm or SC growth to <2.0 log cycles over 49 days or 35 days of refrigerated storage, respectively. The PL and EEOV260-treated ham loaves did show Lm growth limiting ability of up to 1 log cycle by days 35 and 42. On formed roast beef, the EEOV260 was able to extend the lag phase and inhibited the growth of Lm in the same manner as the PL. For SC-treated samples, the following effects were observed: in poultry bologna treated with EEOV260, a lag-phase extension was observed through 35 days of storage compared with the other samples. For pork deli loaves, the EEOV260 inhibited growth of SC at days 21 and 28 to the same level of efficacy as PL (0.5 log cycle). In roast beef samples, on day 35, the SC growth was inhibited ca. 0.5 log CFU/g by EEOV260 when compared with the CN. In conclusion the EEOV260 can function to replace PL to limit Salmonella and Lm growth in ready-to-eat deli products. Further testing is needed to ensure consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Casco
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - T M Taylor
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C Alvarado
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Moscoso S, Pineda K, Basilio J, Alvarado C, Roig M, Duran-Sindreu F. Evaluation of Dentaport ZX and Raypex 6 electronic apex locators: an in vivo study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e202-5. [PMID: 24121908 PMCID: PMC4015042 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raypex 6 is an electronic apex locator (EAL) that has not yet been tested in vivo. The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of two EALs: the Dentaport ZX and the Raypex 6. METHODS The study involved 36 straight single-rooted teeth. A 10-K file was advanced until the EAL detected the major foramen. The file was fixed in a replaceable pattern of light-cured composite. The apical part of each canal was trimmed to expose the file tip. The distances from the file tips to the major foramen were measured. RESULTS Wilcoxon's signed Rank test found no significant differences between the Dentaport ZX and Raypex 6 in terms of their abilities to detect the major foramen (P = .52) The Dentaport ZX was accurate 82.35% of the time to ± 0.5 mm and 97.05% of the time to ± 1 mm, whereas the Raypex 6 was accurate 88.22% of the time to ± 0.5 mm and 100% of the time to ± 1 mm. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences were observed between the performance of the Dentaport ZX and Raypex 6 EALs under the in vivo clinical conditions used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moscoso
- Dentistry Faculty Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Truet, s/n. 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain,
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Valderrama M, Alvarado C, Nikolopoulos S, Martinerie J, Adam C, Navarro V, Le Van Quyen M. Identifying an increased risk of epileptic seizures using a multi-feature EEG–ECG classification. Biomed Signal Process Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Navarro V, Alvarado C, Clemenceau S, Marantidou A, Witon A, Hasboun D, Adam C, Miles R, Baulac M, Le Van Quyen M. Microélectrodes intracérébrales chez les patients épileptiques : premiers enregistrements. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(12)70028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Droguett C, Madrid A, Gunckel R, Alvarado C, Canto L. Giant mandibular ossifying fibroma: report of a case with mandibular reconstruction trough free microvascular fibula flap and osseointegrated implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.07.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dow A, Alvarado C, Brashears M. Reduction of inoculated Salmonella cocktail in ground turkey and turkey breasts using Lactobacillus-based intervention. Poult Sci 2011; 90:876-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Corona D, Díaz E, Barrios H, Sánchez E, Alvarado C, Jankowski CK, Guzmán A. 2D 1H and 13C NMR conformational studies of thienopyridines and carboline biarylic compounds. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 74:515-525. [PMID: 19692294 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on conformational studies of biarylic compounds, as prepared through the well-known aza-Wittig methodology. The conformational studies were mainly realized by bidimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and NOESY experiments. The conformational behavior showed that these biarylic compounds display an orthogonal symmetry and adopt a characteristic arrangement around the pivotal bond. Molecular modeling calculations were performed to support structure conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corona
- Centro de Investigación en Química Sustentable, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca Estado de México, 50200, Mexico.
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Sircar K, Gottlieb B, Alvarado C, Aprikian A, Beitel LK, Alam-Fahmy M, Begin L, Trifiro M. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length contraction in diseased and non-diseased prostatic tissues. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2007; 10:360-8. [PMID: 17440439 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate contraction of CAG repeats within the androgen receptor gene (AR) as shorter CAG repeats have been implicated as a possible risk factor in prostate cancer (PCa). AR CAG repeat lengths were analyzed in DNA from microdissected diseased prostates, leukocytes from matched peripheral blood, and control non-diseased prostates. Consistently, all prostatic tissues, whether from benign or cancerous areas of diseased prostates, or from control prostates, showed multiple AR CAG repeat contractions. Germline DNA from blood leukocytes had single CAG repeat lengths in the normal range. AR CAG repeat length contraction may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis and may precede the pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sircar
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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22
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Alomar D, Hodgkinson S, Abarzúa D, Fuchslocher R, Alvarado C, Rosales E. Nutritional evaluation of commercial dry dog foods by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:223-9. [PMID: 16684143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the nutritional value of dog foods sold in Chile. Fifty-nine dry foods for adult and growing dogs were collected, ground and scanned across the visible/NIR range and subsequently analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), total fat, linoleic acid, gross energy (GE), estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and several amino acids and minerals. Calibration equations were developed by modified partial least squares regression, and tested by cross-validation. Standard error of cross validation (SE(CV)) and coefficient of determination of cross validation (SE(CV)) were used to select best equations. Equations with good predicting accuracy were obtained for DM, CF, CP, GE and fat. Corresponding values for and SE(CV) were 0.96 and 1.7 g/kg, 0.91 and 3.1 g/kg, 0.99 and 5.0 g/kg, 0.93 and 0.26 MJ/kg, 0.89 and 12.4 g/kg. Several amino acids were also well predicted, such as arginine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine-tyrosine (combined), threonine and valine, with values for and SE(CV) (g/kg) of 0.89 and 0.9, 0.94 and 1.3, 0.91 and 0.5, 0.95 and 0.9, 0.91 and 0.5, 0.93 and 0.5. Intermediate values, appropriate for ranking purposes, were obtained for ME, histidine, lysine and methionine-cysteine. Tryptophan, minerals or linoleic acid were not acceptably predicted, irrespective of the mathematical treatment applied. It is concluded that NIR can be successfully used to predict important nutritional characteristics of commercial dog foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alomar
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia.
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Alvarado C, García Almendárez BE, Martin SE, Regalado C. Food-associated lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial potential from traditional Mexican foods. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 2006; 48:260-268. [PMID: 18293660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work was conducted to identify indigenous LAB capable of antimicrobial activity, present in traditional Mexican-foods with potential as natural preservatives. A total of 27 artisan unlabeled Mexican products were evaluated, from which 94 LAB strains were isolated, and only 25 strains showed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen indicator microorganism. Most of the inhibitory activity showed by the isolated LAB strains was attributed to pH reduction by organic acids. Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains were good acid producers, depending on the substrate, and may enhance the safety of food products. Cell free cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides CH210, and PT8 (from chorizo and pulque, respectively) reduced the number of viable cells of enteropathogenic E. coli in broth system. Lb. plantarum CC10 (from "madre" of vinegar) showed significant inhibitory effect against S. aureus 8943. E. faecium QPII (from panela cheese) produced a bacteriocin with wide anti-L. monocytogenes activity. Selected LAB from traditional Mexican foods showed good potential as bio-preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Departamento de Investigación y Postgrado en Alimentos, PROPAC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario s/n, Col. Las Campanas, México
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Lipton A, Alvarado C, De Boer R, Steger GG, Tonkin KS, Kinsey A, Fan M, Jun S. Randomized, active-controlled study of denosumab (AMG 162) in breast cancer patients with bone metastases not previously treated with intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates (BP). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
512 Background: Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key mediator of osteoclast formation, function, and survival. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, binds and inhibits RANKL, thus suppressing excess osteoclastic activity associated with bone metastases. We report interim efficacy and safety results of an ongoing, phase 2 study of denosumab in IV BP treatment-naïve women with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases (BM). Methods: Eligible patients (pts; age ≥ 18 yrs with breast cancer; confirmed BM; naive to IV BP therapy) were stratified by chemo- or hormonal therapy and randomized to 1 of 6 cohorts (5 denosumab [double blind]; 1 IV BP [open label]; see table ). The primary endpoint was the % change from baseline (BL) to week 13 in the resorption marker, urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx), corrected for creatinine. Also evaluated were % of pts with ≥ 65% decrease in uNTX from BL, time to a 65% reduction in uNTx, % of pts with ≥ 1 skeletal-related event (SRE), and safety. Results: In total, 255 pts (∼40/cohort) were enrolled. Mean age was 57 to 59 yrs (denosumab cohorts) vs 52 yrs (BP). Most pts had > 2 sites of BM (denosumab, 74%; BP, 81%); 51% and 49% received concurrent chemo- or hormonal therapy, respectively. As shown in the efficacy table , the 120 mg Q4W dose resulted in the greatest % decrease from BL in uNTx. At data cutoff, the % of all denosumab pts with ≥ 1 SRE was 9% (20/212) vs 16% (7/43) of BP pts. Commonly reported adverse events (AE) among all pts included nausea, vomiting, asthenia, diarrhea, and bone pain. Of 198 denosumab pts tested, none developed anti-denosumab antibodies. Conclusion: In this interim analysis, denosumab resulted in rapid and sustained suppression of bone turnover and was at least as effective as IV BP at reducing the risk of SREs, with a safety profile similar to that seen in advanced breast cancer pts receiving cancer treatment. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lipton
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - C. Alvarado
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - R. De Boer
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - G. G. Steger
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - K. S. Tonkin
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - A. Kinsey
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - M. Fan
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - S. Jun
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA; Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Western Hospital, Footscray, Australia; Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria; Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
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Alvarado C, Alvarez P, Jiménez L, De la Fuente M. Improvement of leukocyte functions in young prematurely aging mice after a 5-week ingestion of a diet supplemented with biscuits enriched in antioxidants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7:1203-10. [PMID: 16115024 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, diet supplementation with therapeutic thiolic antioxidants improved the function of peritoneal leukocytes from mice, especially in adult prematurely aging mice (PAM). In the present work, we have studied the effects of ingestion during 5 weeks of a diet supplemented with 20% (wt/wt) of biscuits enriched with antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, and selenium) on several immune functions of peritoneal leukocytes from young PAM. The results show that, in macrophages, chemotaxis and phagocytosis as well as the intracellular free radical levels, which are depressed in PAM in comparison with the control nonprematurely aging mice (NPAM), increase after supplementation, especially in the PAM. An increase also occurs in lymphocyte chemotaxis, proliferative response to the mitogen concanavalin A, and interleukin-2 release, as well as in natural killer cell activity. However, the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which increases with aging, decreases after 5 weeks of supplementation. As a well preserved function of the immune system is an excellent marker of health and longevity, the improvement of leukocyte functions after ingestion of the present diet suggests that this antioxidant supplementation may be useful for the preservation of health and functional longevity in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Alvarado C, García-Almendárez BE, Martin SE, Regalado C. Anti-Listeria monocytogenes Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances From Enterococcus faecium UQ31 Isolated from Artisan Mexican-Style Cheese. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:110-5. [PMID: 15991053 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Artisan fresh Mexican-style cheeses are commonly made from raw milk that provides not only rich flavors, but also a diversity of associated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. Enterococcus faecium UQ31 was isolated from panela cheese and produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) with a strong anti-Listeria activity. A modified pH-mediated adsorption-desorption purification process resulted in (after SDS-PAGE) two bands showing antimicrobial activities, where most of the activity corresponded to the band with an estimated molecular weight of 7.5 kDa. The BLIS produced by E. faecium UQ31 were heat resistant, stable at ambient storage conditions, and active in the pH range 5--9. The BLIS antimicrobial activities were detected during logarithmic growth phase and remained constant until the end of incubation time (19 h). These BLIS showed a wide anti-Listeria monocytogenes spectra. The E. faecium UQ31 strain or their BLIS represent a promising potential as antimicrobial food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, PROPAC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro, 76010 Qro., México
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de la Fuente M, Hernanz A, Guayerbas N, Alvarez P, Alvarado C. Changes with age in peritoneal macrophage functions. Implication of leukocytes in the oxidative stress of senescence. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2004; 50 Online Pub:OL683-90. [PMID: 15607049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The age-related deterioration of the immune cells contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality of the aged populations. Since ageing is the result of oxidative stress and macrophages are an important source of oxidation, which is produced in order to carry out many of their functions, the changes with age of several macrophage functions as well as of oxidative stress parameters (oxidants, inflammatory mediators and antioxidants) of peritoneal leukocytes have been investigated using young (4 months), adult (7 months), mature (12 months) and old (20 months) female ICR (CD-1) mice. With age the macrophage functions suffer deterioration. Thus, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular superoxide anion production decrease in old animals. Moreover, the levels of antioxidant defenses, such as superoxide dismutase activity, decrease with ageing. However, the adherence capacity and the release of oxidant and inflammatory mediators, such as extracellular superoxide anion, TNF-alpha and PGE2, as well as oxidized glutathione/ reduced glutathione ratio, increase with age. These results show that these cells suffer oxidative stress with ageing, which results in an increase of the oxidative damage to nuclear DNA. These changes in peritoneal immune cells could contribute to the chronic oxidative stress state linked to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Alvarado C. Reconciliation of FDA and societal guidelines for endoscope reprocessing. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2000; 10:275-81. [PMID: 10683214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical sterilants are used to high-level disinfect semicritical medical devices such as flexible endoscopes. For the chemosterilant to obtain a high level disinfection claim, The Food and Drug Administration requires demonstration of a 6-log reduction of myobacterial inoculum under worst case conditions (2% horse serum added to test sterilant). This testing requirement has led to label product claims of 45 minutes immersion times at 25 degrees C. Review of the scientific data suggests that at least an 8-log reduction in contamination with thorough instrument cleaning, followed by chemical disinfection for 20 minutes immersion at 20 degrees C will achieve high-level disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Director of Occupational Health, Department of Safety, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Abstract
We report a patient with pleuropulmonary blastoma who had a benign teratoma as a second primary tumor. The radiology, clinical course, and the biological importance of this rare neoplasm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Kiziltepe
- Egleston Children's Hospital, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Katzenstein HM, Bowman LC, Brodeur GM, Thorner PS, Joshi VV, Smith EI, Look AT, Rowe ST, Nash MB, Holbrook T, Alvarado C, Rao PV, Castleberry RP, Cohn SL. Prognostic significance of age, MYCN oncogene amplification, tumor cell ploidy, and histology in 110 infants with stage D(S) neuroblastoma: the pediatric oncology group experience--a pediatric oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2007-17. [PMID: 9626197 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.6.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a high rate of spontaneous regression is observed in infants with stage D(S) neuroblastoma (NB), survival is not uniform. To determine the prognostic relevance of age at diagnosis, therapy, and tumor biology in infants with stage D(S) NB, we reviewed the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS A review of patients diagnosed with stage D(S) NB registered on POG protocols was performed. Survival according to age at diagnosis, treatment, and tumor biology was determined. RESULTS Between 1987 and 1996, 110 infants with stage D(S) NB had an estimated 3-year survival rate of 85% +/- 4%; survival rate was 71% +/- 8% for infants 2 months of age or younger, and 68% +/- 12%, 44% +/- 33%, and 33% +/- 19% for patients with diploid, MYCN-amplified, and unfavorable histology tumors, respectively. Survival rates were similar for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not (82% +/- 5% v 93% +/- 6%, respectively; P = .187). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in survival rate for patients who underwent complete resection of their primary tumor compared with those who underwent partial resection or biopsy only (90% +/- 5% v 78% +/- 7%, respectively; P = .083). CONCLUSION Our review confirmed that the survival of infants with stage D(S) NB is excellent. However, subsets of patients with poor prognosis can be identified by young age and unfavorable biologic factors. More effective therapy is needed for the group of stage D(S) infants who show unfavorable clinical and biologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Katzenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abdullah A, Trifiro MA, Panet-Raymond V, Alvarado C, de Tourreil S, Frankel D, Schipper HM, Pinsky L. Spinobulbar muscular atrophy: polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor is proteolytically resistant in vitro and processed abnormally in transfected cells. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:379-84. [PMID: 9466993 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronotoxicity of genes with expanded CAG repeats is most likely mediated by their respective polyglutamine (Gln)-expanded gene products. Gln- expanded portions of these products may be sufficient, or necessary, for pathogenesis. We tested whether a Gln-expanded human androgen receptor (AR) is structurally altered, so that it allows for the proteolytic generation of a potentially pathogenic portion that may be resistant to further degradation. We found, in vitro , that a Gln-expanded AR is more proteolytically resistant than normal, and that it yields a distinct set of Gln-expanded fragments even after extended proteolysis in the presence of 2 M urea. Furthermore, COS cells transfected with CAG-expanded AR cDNA generate an aberrant, nuclear-associated 75 kDa derivative containing the Gln-expanded tract. They are also twice as likely to die by 24 h apoptotically than those transfected with normal AR cDNA. Our data support the notion that an unconventional derivative of the Gln- expanded AR is a component of the proximate motor neuronopathic agent in spinobulbar muscular atrophy. They also focus attention on two ways in which neuronotoxic derivatives may originate from various Gln-expanded proteins: (i) generation of an unusual derivative that is pathogenic de novo ; and (ii) the toxic accumulation of a normal derivative because of an inability to dispose of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdullah
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Sainte Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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Celedón G, Lips V, Alvarado C, Cortés M, Lissi EA, González G. Protein degradation in red cells exposed to 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) derived radicals. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1997; 43:1121-7. [PMID: 9415821 DOI: 10.1080/15216549700204941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extensive proteolysis is observed when red blood cells are exposed to free radicals produced in the thermolysis of 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane). It is evaluated that nearly one amino terminal group is produced by each free radical introduced into the system. These groups are considered to arise mainly from band 3 fragmentation due to the action of red cell proteinases. Protein fragmentation takes place prior to significant hemolysis or lipid peroxidation, as evaluated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Celedón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile
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Alvarado C, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Alcocer-Varela J, Fernández C. Participation of the Bcl-2 and Fas molecules in experimental apoptosis of spleen B lymphocytes. Rev Invest Clin 1997; 49:171-8. [PMID: 9294959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostasis in the immune system is based on equilibrium between rates of cell renewal and cell death. Failure of elimination of undesirable autoreactive B cell clones may lead to autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE To assess the participation of the Bcl-2 and Fas molecules in the regulation of B lymphocyte death. METHODS We used two strains of mice known to have deficient mechanisms of apoptosis, namely the transgenic C57BL/6-E mu-bcl-2-22 expressing the bcl-2 transgene on B cells, and the C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mutant, lacking the expression of a functional Fas molecule. Both strains develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease with serum autoantibodies and splenomegaly. We induced apoptosis by three different treatments: dexamethasone,gamma irradiation and hyperthermia. The proportion of cells in apoptosis was determined with the TUNEL method. RESULTS Radiation or hyperthermia induced apoptosis was inhibited more effectively by having the lpr mutation than the proto-oncogene bcl-2, but the latter conferred higher resistance to apoptosis by dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the role of molecules regulating cell death may relate to the stimuli used to induced apoptosis, and that both the lpr mutation and the overexpression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 protect B cells from apoptosis induced by the three treatments tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y, Alvarado C, Vidaller A, Jakez-Ocampo J. Autoantibody production in healthy elderly people is not promoted by interleukin-10 although this cytokine is expressed in them by a peculiar CD8+CD3+ large granular cell subpopulation. Scand J Immunol 1997; 45:401-7. [PMID: 9105428 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy elderly people tend to have autoantibodies in their sera. These antibodies, not being associated with any clinical manifestation, have been considered as natural autoantibodies. In systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as in rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of autoantibodies characteristic of these disease (anti-dsDNA and rheumatoid factor, respectively) depends on the endogeneous production of IL-10. The same could hold true for autoantibodies found in healthy elderly individuals. In the present work, the authors analysed whether an increased production of IL-10 contributed to the production of autoantibodies in elderly people. The authors found that there is neither increased in vivo gene expression nor augmented production of IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly women even if they do produce autoantibodies. The authors further sought to determine if the production of autoantibodies is inhibited in vitro by adding an anti-IL-10 MoAb to cell cultures and found that it is not. Despite these negative findings of a role for IL-10 in the production of autoantibodies in elderly people, the authors investigated which cells produce IL-10. In so doing they found that intracellular IL-10 expression occurred exclusively in monocytes in young female controls, but in elderly females it involved also CD8+CD3+ large granular cells. These results indicate that autoantibody production in healthy aged individuals is IL-10 independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Llorente
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y, Alvarado C, Reyes E, Alcocer-Varela J, Orozco-Topete R. Elevated Th1 cytokine mRNA in skin biopsies and peripheral circulation in patients with erythema nodosum. Eur Cytokine Netw 1997; 8:67-71. [PMID: 9110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that erythema nodosum is the result of an immunologic attack centered within the subcutaneous fat. This belief, however, is based on indirect evidence. The aim of this study was to analyze whether erythema nodosum could represent an example of a polarized Th1 or Th2 immune response. We have studied herein, by semiquantitative coupled reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction the Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine gene expression in skin biopsies and peripheral blood from eleven patients with erythema nodosum. As controls, we studied skin and peripheral blood from nine healthy subjects. We found expression of Th1 cytokines in most erythema nodosum skin lesions as well as in their peripheral blood. Both Th1 and Th2 cytokine gene expressions were scarcely or not detected in the skin and peripheral blood of control subjects. These results directly demonstrate that a polarized Th1 immune response occurs in the skin lesions of erythema nodosum patients regardless of the wide variety of provoking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Llorente
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Beitel LK, Sabbaghian N, Alarifi A, Alvarado C, Pinsky L, Trifiro M. Characterization of normal and point-mutated human androgen receptors expressed in the baculovirus system. J Mol Endocrinol 1995; 15:117-28. [PMID: 8800637 DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0150117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The baculovirus system is able to generate large amounts of a protein, permitting detailed analysis of structure-function relations. We have used this system to overexpress and characterize normal human androgen receptors (hAR) and mutant hARs from humans with complete or partial androgen insensitivity. Maximum specific binding of [3H]mibolerone (MB) in recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells varied from 15 to 40 pmol/mg protein, about 1000-fold higher than in genital skin fibroblasts, and peaked 48-72 h after infection. In contrast, Coomassie blue staining and Western blotting revealed maximum accumulation of 100-120 kDa hAR proteins 96 h post-infection. Normal and mutant hARs were specifically photo-affinity-labeled with [3H]methyltrienolone (MT), and had normal steroid-binding selectivity: the order of competition was androgen > estrogen > progestin > glucocorticoid. Normal hAR was phosphorylated in Sf9 cells, reacted with antibodies against phosphoserine and phosphothreonine after purification using testosterone-biotin, and transactivated a transfected androgen response element-luciferase reporter in infected Sf9 cells. Two mutant hARs had increased rates of dissociation from MB and MT that were in accord with the associated degree of clinical androgen insensitivity: complete, Pro903Ser > partial, Leu820Val; the third, Ile663Asn, was not abnormal. Our data extend the characterization of normal hAR produced by baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, and demonstrate, for the first time, that point-mutated hARs so produced can display distinctive biochemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Beitel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Alvarado C, Alcocer-Varela J, Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y, Cerbon M, Alarcon-Segovia D. Effect of CD28 antibody on T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 1994; 7:763-73. [PMID: 7888034 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1994.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD28 is a 44-kDa glycoprotein that contributes to T cell activation and proliferation. To elucidate the functional role of CD28 in T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in SLE, we studied its effects in cells from untreated patients with active (n = 10) or inactive disease (n = 10) as compared with normal subjects. Mean percentages of CD4+ CD28+ and CD8+ CD28+ T cells were decreased in SLE patients (P < 0.01). SLE patients had significantly decreased absolute CD8+ CD28+ T cells. To investigate whether CD28 antibody affects T cell proliferation, we stimulated peripheral blood T cells from SLE patients and normal controls with anti-CD28, anti-CD3 and/or Interleukin-2 (IL-2) during 3 days of culture. We found that T cells from SLE patients had significantly higher responses to CD28 than did cells from normal controls. This effect was higher in cells from patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease. Conversely, IL-2 had no significant effect on the proliferative response of SLE T cells. However, when it was used for co-stimulating with anti-CD28, there was an increase in the secretion of IL-2 which was greater in the cells of patients with active disease. Thus, on average, there was an 81% increase in the production of IL-2 in T cells from patients with active SLE, 48% in those from patients with inactive disease and 40% in T cells from healthy controls, as compared with the production in response to stimulus by anti-CD3 or with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Lymphocytes from patients with active disease showed increased gene expression of CD28 when compared with normal subjects. These data suggest that CD28 might play a central role in the defective immune response observed in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alvarado
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México D.F., México City
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38
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Beitel LK, Prior L, Vasiliou DM, Gottlieb B, Kaufman M, Lumbroso R, Alvarado C, McGillivray B, Trifiro M, Pinsky L. Complete androgen insensitivity due to mutations in the probable alpha-helical segments of the DNA-binding domain in the human androgen receptor. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3:21-7. [PMID: 8162033 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe different single-amino acid aberrations in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the human androgen receptor (hAR) in three families with complete androgen insensitivity. No additional alteration was found in the translated portion of each mutant gene. In one family, an in-frame 3 nt deletion removes codon 581-(or 582) and, thereby, one of two phenylalanines that invariably occupy adjacent positions in the N-terminal alpha-helical region of the DBD in the steroid/thyroid/vitamin D receptor superfamily. In the second, an in-frame 3 nt loss deletes Arg614, an invariant residue in the C-terminal alpha-helix of the DBD. In the third, a G-->A transition causes Arg614His. Following transient transfection of COS cells with each mutant AR plasmid, there is a normal concentration of specific androgen-binding activity that has a reduced ability to bind two types of androgen response element (ARE), and to transregulate an androgen-responsive human growth hormone reporter gene. In genital skin fibroblasts with delta Phe581 or Arg614His, androgen-binding, AR protein and AR mRNA are markedly reduced; in gonadal fibroblasts with delta Arg614, AR mRNA may be reduced. Our data substantiate the primary contributions of Phe581 and Arg614 to normal hAR-ARE binding, and expose important secondary effects of the mutations affecting each residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Beitel
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bruno GO, Perez A, Alvarado C, Voyer LE. The nomogram of body surface area induces a systematic error in the determination of the glomerular filtration rate. Pediatr Nephrol 1993; 7:776-7. [PMID: 8130108 DOI: 10.1007/bf01213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Pinsky L, Trifiro M, Kaufman M, Beitel LK, Mhatre A, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, Sabbaghian N, Lumbroso R, Alvarado C, Vasiliou M. Androgen resistance due to mutation of the androgen receptor. CLIN INVEST MED 1992; 15:456-72. [PMID: 1458719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a 'one-stop' signal transduction system that is the core of the intracellular androgen-response apparatus. It is an androgen-regulated, DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of certain target genes, primarily at the transcriptional level. Mutations at the X-linked AR locus cause deficient or defective AR activity and, thereby, an extraordinarily wide spectrum of clinical androgen resistance. At one extreme, the affected 46,XY person is an infertile phenotypic female; at the other, he is a phenotypic male who may even be fertile, yet have gynecomastia or other focal signs of postpubertal subvirilization. We have identified 32 proven or putatively pathogenic alterations in the AR gene of 38 androgen-resistant families. This permits heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis whenever relevant. Most of the mutations affect the AR's androgen-binding domain, partly because our search has been targetted on those whose genital skin fibroblasts have impaired androgen-binding activities. The AR is a prototypic member of a subfamily that includes the receptors for progesterone, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid. Observations that correlate AR genotype with clinical and receptor phenotypes of androgen resistance will help to generate a fine structure-function map of the AR and its close relatives. Constitutional variation in androgen sensitivity, that may be restricted to an organ (or organ system), could contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases whose sex ratio departs significantly from one.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pinsky
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
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Carroll A, Civin C, Schneider N, Dahl G, Pappo A, Bowman P, Emami A, Gross S, Alvarado C, Phillips C. The t(1;22) (p13;q13) is nonrandom and restricted to infants with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Blood 1991; 78:748-52. [PMID: 1859887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the nonrandom occurrence and frequency of the t(1;22)(p13;q13) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its close association with the French-American-British M7 subtype of AML in infants (less than 1 year). This chromosomal abnormality occurred in 6 of 252 (2.4%) children and adolescents with AML (6 of 28 infants, 22%; 6 of 18 M7 AML cases overall, 33%; and 6 of 6 M7 cases in infants). Infants with AML of M7 subtype and the t(1;22) often presented with prominent abdominal masses. Two of these infants were not treated and died early. Three of four treated infants entered complete remission with therapy for AML; the remaining infant died of hemorrhage on day 8. Of the three infants who entered remission, only one remains alive and disease free at 5+ months. The other two infants relapsed in the bone marrow at 5 and 2 months from the start of therapy, respectively. We conclude that M7 AML with the t(1;22) usually presents in infants with extensive infiltration of abdominal organs by leukemic cells and may confer a poor prognosis despite intensive AML-directed treatment. Identification of this nonrandom translocation exclusively in infants with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMkL) implies that it may serve as an additional diagnostic marker for this disease and links it to the pathogenesis of AMkL in infants.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Female
- HLA-DR Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carroll
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham
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García de Cortázar L, Alvarado C, Las Heras J. [Interstitial nephritis syndrome and uveitis]. Rev Chil Pediatr 1991; 62:252-6. [PMID: 1844526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A nine year old male patient was admitted to a metropolitan general hospital at Santiago, Chile, because of unexplained severe anemia (hematocrit 18%) and redness of the right eye. Uveitis was confirmed by ophthalmological examination. Laboratory work up showed an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 101 mm.h, marked nitrogen retention (BUN 91 mg/dl), creatinine clearance was 9 ml/min.1,73 sq m, serum IgG and IgM immune globulin concentrations were 2,368 mg/dl and 263 mg/dl respectively, over the normal range for age, with almost absent serum IgA and reduced T cell populations. Negative rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies and anti smooth muscle antibodies reactions were obtained, together with normal levels of C3 and C4 fractions of complement and normal urine sediment. Renal biopsy specimen included 25 glomerular, one of them was wholly sclerotic, another two had periglomerular fibrosis and the remainder showed only slightly increased mesangial matrix. Heavy mononuclear inflammatory interstitial infiltration, with granulomatous structures including giant multinuclear cells as those seen in foreign body reactions (fig 1) and PAS positive intraluminal tubular crystals were also observed. In spite of steroidal treatment, which was complicated by an inflammatory brain granuloma that healed in coincidence with parenteral antibiotic therapy, the patient evolved toward chronic renal failure. We think that the available evidence strongly suggests an immunological disorder as a very likely explanation for this case.
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García de Cortázar L, Alvarado C, Herrera A. [Intravenous treatment of lupus nephritis with cyclophosphamide]. Rev Chil Pediatr 1991; 62:205-6. [PMID: 1844932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tebbi CK, Krischer J, Fernbach DJ, Mahoney DH, Alvarado C, Camitta B. Toxicity of high-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of advanced childhood tumors resistant to conventional therapy. A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Cancer 1990; 66:2064-7. [PMID: 2224760 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19901115)66:10<2064::aid-cncr2820661004>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Experience with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAC) in pediatric solid tumors is limited. Sixteen children with solid tumors resistant to conventional therapies were registered in a pilot Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) study that required the administration of HDAC at 3 g/m2 every 12 hours for four doses. There were four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, two cases of fibrosarcoma, four cases of neuroblastoma, and one case each of germ cell tumor, Wilm's tumor, retinoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. All eligible patients had advanced diseases and had previously received extensive chemotherapy. Thirteen patients received one course of HDAC and three patients received two courses of HDAC. Due to prior treatments, patients had less than normal marrow reserves. Short-term toxicity included nausea, vomiting, suppression of hemopoiesis, drug fever, and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and liver enzymes. All evaluable patients recovered from their toxicities. There were no drug-related deaths. None of the patients had neurologic problems, including the only patient with prior irradiation to the skull. With the above schedule, HDAC appears to have manageable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Tebbi
- St. Joseph's Cancer Institute, Tampa, Florida
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45
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Pappo A, Dubowy R, Ravindranath Y, Alvarado C, Rao S, Whitehead VM, Vega R, Kamen B, Vietti T. Phase II trial of trimetrexate in the treatment of recurrent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82:1641-2. [PMID: 2145440 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/82.20.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Pappo
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063
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Abstract
A total of 130 transfers of frozen-thawed (F-T) human embryos was carried out after moderate ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG). Embryos were replaced 3 days after the spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge or 4 days if ovulation was induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Embryos were thawed a few hours prior to transfer. One-hundred-and-twenty-three transfers were effective and 23 pregnancies were achieved. The rate of ongoing pregnancies per transfer was 17.9% (22/123). The survival rate of embryos originating from cycles stimulated by a combination of an LHRH analogue and HMG in a long protocol (LA-HMG protocol) was significantly lower when compared with the rate of embryos retrieved from clomiphene citrate-HMG (CC-HMG protocol) stimulated cycles (52 versus 67%, P less than 0.05). When fresh embryos originated from cycles stimulated with an LHRH analogue and HMG in a short protocol (SA-HMG protocol), the survival rate was not affected (59 versus 67%, NS). Although the difference was not significant, the ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer according to the three protocols from which the embryos originated seemed to be better with the SA-HMG protocol: 16% with the CC-HMG protocol, 14.5% with the LA-HMG protocol versus 27.6% with the SA-HMG protocol. The success rate was independent of the number of F-T transferred embryos if at least one embryo with 100% intact blastomeres was replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lornage
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction et du Développement and L'Hôpital Edouard Herriot Lyon, France
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the number and activity of natural killer (NK) cells in children with acute leukemia at different stages of their disease; and (2) the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in enhancing NK activity of these patients' cells. The mean percentage of Leu 11+ NK cells in patients at diagnosis (5% of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells) was significantly lower than for patients on maintenance (23%), post-treatment (21%) and for normal children (20%). The mean PB NK cell cytotoxicity for patients at diagnosis (16% lysis versus K562) and during maintenance (20%) was significantly lower than for post-treatment (41%) and normal controls (40%). After NK cells were incubated for 5 days with IL-2, NK cells from 82% (36/44) of patients showed enhanced cytotoxicity toward K562 and several acute leukemia cell lines as well as toward autologous leukemic cells. Cytotoxicity toward autologous cells was very low (0% to 5%, 16 hour assay) before IL-2 stimulation, and significantly increased (23% to 69%) after stimulation, suggesting that IL-2 may be a useful agent for enhancing the antileukemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mageed
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Maki DG, Alvarado C, Hassemer C. Double-bagging of items from isolation rooms is unnecessary as an infection control measure: a comparative study of surface contamination with single- and double-bagging. Infect Control 1986; 7:535-7. [PMID: 3640743 DOI: 10.1017/s0195941700065279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In many hospitals, waste materials and used linens from the rooms of patients in isolation or the clinical laboratories are routinely double-bagged to reduce contamination of the external surface of the bag that could be transmitted to hospital personnel subsequently handling them. No studies have prospectively examined the value, if any, of double-bagging. We randomly assigned waste and linens from the rooms of 42 patients in contact isolation to be transported in single bags or double bags. Shortly after a single (or double) bag had been set outside the patient's room, the surface was cultured quantitatively in two locations near the knot; over 2 months, 209 bags were cultured. Surface contamination by Staphylococcus aureus (3% to 5%), enteric gram-negative bacilli (6% to 7%), or either (9% to 12%) was infrequent and comparable in both groups; moreover, quantitative levels of contamination in the two groups were almost identical (mean, 27 and 29 colony forming units [cfu] per bag). These data suggest that there is no advantage, as regards asepsis, to double-bagging potentially contaminated items from isolation rooms or clinical laboratories as compared with using a single bag. The use of a single-bag system with a heavy-duty bag, as compared with double-bagging, saved our hospital $9,400 in 1985.
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