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Ohlsson M, Hellmark T, Bengtsson AA, Theander E, Turesson C, Klint C, Wingren C, Ekstrand AI. Proteomic Data Analysis for Differential Profiling of the Autoimmune Diseases SLE, RA, SS, and ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:1252-1260. [PMID: 33356304 PMCID: PMC7872503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
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Early
and correct diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases
(IRD) poses a clinical challenge due to the multifaceted nature of
symptoms, which also may change over time. The aim of this study was
to perform protein expression profiling of four systemic IRDs, systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE), ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (SV),
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS),
and healthy controls to identify candidate biomarker signatures for
differential classification. A total of 316 serum samples collected
from patients with SLE, RA, SS, or SV and from healthy controls were
analyzed using 394-plex recombinant antibody microarrays. Differential
protein expression profiling was examined using Wilcoxon signed rank
test, and condensed biomarker panels were identified using advanced
bioinformatics and state-of-the art classification algorithms to pinpoint
signatures reflecting each disease (raw data set available at https://figshare.com/s/3bd3848a28ef6e7ae9a9.). In this study, we were able to classify the included individual
IRDs with high accuracy, as demonstrated by the ROC area under the
curve (ROC AUC) values ranging between 0.96 and 0.80. In addition,
the groups of IRDs could be separated from healthy controls at an
ROC AUC value of 0.94. Disease-specific candidate biomarker signatures
and general autoimmune signature were identified, including several
deregulated analytes. This study supports the rationale of using multiplexed
affinity-based technologies to reflect the biological complexity of
autoimmune diseases. A multiplexed approach for decoding multifactorial
complex diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, will play a significant
role for future diagnostic purposes, essential to prevent severe organ-
and tissue-related damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Ohlsson
- Computational Biology & Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14A, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.,Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research (CAISR), Halmstad University, Halmstad SE-301 18, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö SE-214 28, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö SE-214 28, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö SE-221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Wingren
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden
| | - Anna Isinger Ekstrand
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund SE-223 81, Sweden
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Boeth H, Raffalt PC, MacMahon A, Poole AR, Eckstein F, Wirth W, Buttgereit F, Önnerfjord P, Lorenzo P, Klint C, Pramhed A, Duda GN. Association between changes in molecular biomarkers of cartilage matrix turnover and changes in knee articular cartilage: a longitudinal pilot study. J Exp Orthop 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 31053993 PMCID: PMC6499840 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An early detection of Osteoarthritis is urgently needed and still not possible until today. The aim of the study was to assess whether molecular biomarkers of cartilage turnover are associated with longitudinal change in knee cartilage thickness during a 2 year period in individuals with increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. A secondary aim was to assess whether prior knee injury or subjective patient-reported outcomes at baseline (BL) were associated with articular cartilage changes. Nineteen volleyball players (mean age 46.5 ± 4.9 years, 47% male) with a 30-year history of regular high impact training were recruited. The serum biomarkers Cpropeptide of type II procollagen (CPII), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), collagenase generated carboxy-terminal neoepitope of type II collagen (sC2C), cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP-2), and the urine biomarkers C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) and collagenase-generated peptide(s) of type II collagen (C2C-HUSA) were assessed at BL and at 2 year follow up (FU). Femorotibial cartilage thinning, thickening and absolute thickness change between BL and FU was evaluated from magnetic resonance imaging. Subjective clinical status at BL was evaluated by the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form and the Short-Form 36 Physical Component Score. Results CILP-2 was significantly higher at FU and linearly associated with the absolute cartilage thickness change during the experimental period. Prior injury was a predictor of increased absolute cartilage thickness change. Conclusion Measuring the change in the cartilage biomarker CILP-2 might be a valid and sensitive method to detect early development of knee osteoarthritis as CILP-2 appears to be related to cartilage thickness loss in certain individuals with increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. Prior knee injury may be predictive of increased articular cartilage thickness change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Boeth
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter C Raffalt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoife MacMahon
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Robin Poole
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Felix Eckstein
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg & Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wirth
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg & Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Med. Klinik m. S. Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Pilar Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Boeth H, MacMahon A, Poole AR, Buttgereit F, Önnerfjord P, Lorenzo P, Klint C, Pramhed A, Duda GN. Differences in biomarkers of cartilage matrix turnover and their changes over 2 years in adolescent and adult volleyball athletes. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 28229430 PMCID: PMC5321644 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed the feasibility to assess longitudinal changes in biomarkers of cartilage turnover and to determine their relationship with patient-rated outcomes over 2 years in volleyball athletes. METHODS Thirty-seven athletes were studied: 18 adolescents (age 15.9 ± 0.64 years) in a 2-year intensive volleyball training program and 19 adult recreational volleyball players (age 46.5 ± 4.9 years). Blood and serum samples were taken at baseline (BL) and 2-year follow-up (FU). Subjects completed the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form and the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) at BL. RESULTS Thirteen adolescents (72%) had open growth plates at BL (BL open adolescents), the rest had closed growth plates at BL (BL closed adolescents), and all but one adolescent had closed growth plates at FU as assessed by MRI. BL open and closed adolescents had greater levels of the cartilage degradation-based biomarkers 45 mer collagenase peptide of type II collagen (C2C-HUSA) and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) than adults. BL open adolescents showed decreases in C2CHUSA, collagen synthesis marker C-propeptide of type II procollagen (CPII), and CTXII, and adults showed increases in cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP-2) and C2C-HUSA. In adolescents, IKDC scores were correlated with CPII changes. In adults, SF-36 Physical Component Scores were correlated with cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) changes. CONCLUSION Significant differences in biomarker levels over time show the feasibility to assess their changes. Greater levels of C2C-HUSA and CTX-II in adolescents than in adults may reflect increased cartilage turnover in response to higher joint loading. CPII and COMP may be more reflective of subjective patient outcomes. These biomarkers may thus be useful in assessing mechanical loading-induced cartilage changes, their associated symptoms, and Osteoarthritis risk in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Boeth
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aoife MacMahon
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Robin Poole
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pilar Lorenzo
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Klint
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pramhed
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Palmqvist N, Siller M, Klint C, Sjödin A. A human and animal model-based approach to investigating the anti-inflammatory profile and potential of the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist AM1030. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:20. [PMID: 27340371 PMCID: PMC4918035 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by highly pruritic eczematous lesions that are commonly treated with topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. Side-effects and safety concerns associated with these agents restrict their use, and new, safe treatment options are therefore needed. Recent reports suggest that serotonin, i.e. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the 5-HT2 receptor family may contribute to inflammation and pruritus in the skin. The objective of this particular study was to investigate the 5HT2B receptor antagonist AM1030 with respect to its anti-inflammatory profile and potential. Methods AM1030 was tested in a set of distinct human and rodent in vitro and in vivo models, differing with respect to e.g. T cell involvement, triggering stimulus, main read-outs and route of drug administration. The in vitro systems used were staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human primary monocytes, LPS-stimulated human THP-1 monocytes and LPS-stimulated mouse primary macrophages. The in vivo systems used were LPS- and SEA-induced cytokine production in the mouse, antigen-induced arthritis in the rat, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis in the mouse and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the mouse. In addition, different cell populations were analyzed with respect to their expression of the 5-HT2B receptor at the mRNA level. Results AM1030 significantly reduced both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent inflammatory responses, in vivo and in vitro. Due to the low or absent expression of the 5-HT2B receptor on T cell populations, the influence of AM1030 in T cell-dependent systems is suggested to be mediated via an indirect effect involving antigen-presenting cell types, such as monocytes and macrophages. Conclusion Based on the wide range of model systems used in this study, differing e.g. with respect to species, T cell involvement, triggering stimuli, route of drug administration and read-outs, our results suggest a broad anti-inflammatory effect of AM1030 and identify the 5-HT2B receptor as a promising future target for anti-inflammatory intervention, e.g. in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Siller
- AnaMar AB, R&D, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Klint
- AnaMar AB, R&D, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjödin
- AnaMar AB, R&D, Scheelevägen 2, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
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5
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Lood C, Tydén H, Gullstrand B, Klint C, Wenglén C, Nielsen CT, Heegaard NHH, Jönsen A, Kahn R, Bengtsson AA. Type I interferon-mediated skewing of the serotonin synthesis is associated with severe disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125109. [PMID: 25897671 PMCID: PMC4405357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, a highly pro-inflammatory molecule released by activated platelets, is formed by tryptophan. Tryptophan is also needed in the production of kynurenine, a process mediated by the type I interferon (IFN)-regulated rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). The aim of this study was to investigate levels of serotonin in patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), association to clinical phenotype and possible involvement of IDO in regulation of serotonin synthesis. Serotonin levels were measured in serum and plasma from patients with SLE (n=148) and healthy volunteers (n=79) by liquid chromatography and ELISA, as well as intracellularly in platelets by flow cytometry. We found that SLE patients had decreased serotonin levels in serum (p=0.01) and platelets (p<0.0001) as compared to healthy individuals. SLE patients with ongoing type I IFN activity, as determined by an in-house reporter assay, had decreased serum levels of serotonin (p=0.0008) as well as increased IDO activity (p<0.0001), as determined by the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio measured by liquid chromatography. Furthermore, SLE sera induced IDO expression in WISH cells in a type I IFN-dependent manner (p=0.008). Also platelet activation contributed to reduce overall availability of serotonin levels in platelets and serum (p<0.05). Decreased serum serotonin levels were associated with severe SLE with presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies and nephritis. In all, reduced serum serotonin levels in SLE patients were related to severe disease phenotype, including nephritis, suggesting involvement of important immunopathological processes. Further, our data suggest that type I IFNs, present in SLE sera, are able to up-regulate IDO expression, which may lead to decreased serum serotonin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena Tydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Gullstrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christoffer T. Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H. H. Heegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A. Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Palmqvist N, Wenglén C, Sjödin A, Ryde AC, Siller M, Arozenius H, Mathisson A, Klint C, Pramhed A, Pettersson L, Ekström G. FRI0011 5-ht2b receptor antagonists reduce inflammation and pain. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Krintel C, Klint C, Lindvall H, Mörgelin M, Holm C. Quarternary structure and enzymological properties of the different hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11193. [PMID: 20567594 PMCID: PMC2887374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of energy in the form of fatty acids from intracellular stores of neutral lipids. The enzyme has been shown to exist in different isoforms with different molecular masses (84 kDa, 89 kDa and 117 kDa) expressed in a tissue-dependent manner, where the predominant 84 kDa form in adipocytes is the most extensively studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we employed negative stain electron microscopy (EM) to analyze the quarternary structure of the different HSL isoforms. The results show that all three isoforms adopt a head-to-head homodimeric organization, where each monomer contains two structural domains. We also used enzymatic assays to show that despite the variation in the size of the N-terminal domain all three isoforms exhibit similar enzymological properties with regard to psychrotolerance and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and activation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present the first data on the quaternary structure and domain organization of the three HSL isoforms. We conclude that despite large differences in the size of the N-terminal, non-catalytic domain all three HSL isoforms exhibit the same three-dimensional architecture. Furthermore, the three HSL isoforms are very similar with regard to two unique enzymological characteristics of HSL, i.e., cold adaptation and PKA-mediated activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Klint
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Lindvall
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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8
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Borg J, Klint C, Wierup N, Ström K, Larsson S, Sundler F, Lupi R, Marchetti P, Xu G, Kimmel A, Londos C, Holm C. Perilipin is present in islets of Langerhans and protects against lipotoxicity when overexpressed in the beta-cell line INS-1. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3049-57. [PMID: 19299455 PMCID: PMC2703509 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have been shown to play a dual role in pancreatic beta-cells: a lipid-derived signal appears to be necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas lipid accumulation causes impaired insulin secretion and apoptosis. The ability of the protein perilipin to regulate lipolysis prompted an investigation of the presence of perilipin in the islets of Langerhans. In this study evidence is presented for perilipin expression in rat, mouse, and human islets of Langerhans as well as the rat clonal beta-cell line INS-1. In rat and mouse islets, perilipin was verified to be present in beta-cells. To examine whether the development of lipotoxicity could be prevented by manipulating the conditions for lipid storage in the beta-cell, INS-1 cells with adenoviral-mediated overexpression of perilipin were exposed to lipotoxic conditions for 72 h. In cells exposed to palmitate, perilipin overexpression caused increased accumulation of triacylglycerols and decreased lipolysis compared with control cells. Whereas glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was retained after palmitate exposure in cells overexpressing perilipin, it was completely abolished in control beta-cells. Thus, overexpression of perilipin appears to confer protection against the development of beta-cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure to palmitate by promoting lipid storage and limiting lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Borg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Fernandez C, Hansson O, Nevsten P, Holm C, Klint C. Hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary for normal mobilization of lipids during submaximal exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E179-86. [PMID: 18492774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00282.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the working muscle there are a number of fuels available for oxidative metabolism, including glycogen, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids. Nonesterified fatty acids originate from lipolysis in white adipose tissue, hydrolysis of VLDL triglycerides, or hydrolysis of intramyocellular triglyceride stores. A key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from intracellular lipid stores is hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic response of HSL-null mice challenged with exercise or fasting and to examine whether other lipases are able to fully compensate for the lack of HSL. The results showed that HSL-null mice have reduced capacity to perform aerobic exercise. The liver glycogen stores were more rapidly depleted in HSL-null mice during treadmill exercise, and HSL-null mice had reduced plasma concentrations of both glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids after exercise and fasting, respectively. The data support the hypothesis that in the absence of HSL, mice are not able to respond to an exercise challenge with increased mobilization of the lipid stores. Consequently, the impact of the lipid-sparing effect on liver glycogen is reduced in the HSL-null mice, resulting in faster depletion of this energy source, contributing to the decreased endurance during submaximal exercise.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Epinephrine/blood
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Glycerol/blood
- Lactic Acid/blood
- Lipid Metabolism/physiology
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Sterol Esterase/metabolism
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Fernandez
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC C11, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Ström K, Hansson O, Lucas S, Nevsten P, Fernandez C, Klint C, Movérare-Skrtic S, Sundler F, Ohlsson C, Holm C. Attainment of brown adipocyte features in white adipocytes of hormone-sensitive lipase null mice. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1793. [PMID: 18335062 PMCID: PMC2258419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, where it plays an important role in catecholamine-stimulated hydrolysis of stored tri- and diglycerides, thus mobilizing fatty acids. HSL exhibits broad substrate specificity and besides acylglycerides it hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters, retinyl esters and lipoidal esters. Despite its role in fatty acid mobilization, HSL null mice have been shown to be resistant to diet-induced obesity. Methodology/Principal Findings Following a high-fat diet (HFD) regimen, energy expenditure, measured using indirect calorimetry, was increased in HSL null mice. White adipose tissue of HSL null mice was characterized by reduced mass and reduced protein expression of PPARγ, a key transcription factor in adipogenesis, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, the expression of which is known to be positively correlated to the differentiation state of the adipocyte. The protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), the highly specific marker of brown adipocytes, was increased 7-fold in white adipose tissue of HSL null mice compared to wildtype littermates. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the size of mitochondria of white adipocytes of HSL null mice. The mRNA expression of pRb and RIP140 was decreased in isolated white adipocytes, while the expression of UCP-1 and CPT1 was increased in HSL null mice compared to wildtype littermates. Basal oxygen consumption was increased almost 3-fold in white adipose tissue of HSL null mice and was accompanied by increased uncoupling activity. Conclusions These data suggest that HSL is involved in the determination of white versus brown adipocytes during adipocyte differentiation The exact mechanism(s) underlying this novel role of HSL remains to be elucidated, but it seems clear that HSL is required to sustain normal expression levels of pRb and RIP140, which both promote differentiation into the white, rather than the brown, adipocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Ström
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Kippner L, Klint C, Sturfelt G, Bengtsson AA, Eriksson H, Truedsson L. Increased level of soluble HLA class I antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with anti-DNA antibodies and leukopenia. J Autoimmun 2001; 16:471-8. [PMID: 11437496 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2001.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) was measured by ELISA in serum samples from 30 well-characterised SLE patients at high and low disease activity states and from 100 healthy controls. HLA-A allotypes in the patients were analysed by a PCR-based typing technique. A higher level of sHLA-I was found in SLE patient sera both at high and low disease activity than in controls (P< 0.001). The sHLA-I level was further increased during active disease (P< 0.01). Concentrations of sHLA-I correlated with anti-dsDNA antibodies at high disease activity, but not with disease activity as analysed by a modified SLEDAI. Numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as levels of C1q and C3 correlated inversely with sHLA-I concentration. In five serial samples from ten patients the sHLA-I level co-varied with disease activity. Presence of HLA allotype A9 was associated with higher sHLA-I levels in both patients (P< 0.001) and controls (P< 0.001). We conclude that the increased sHLA-I concentration in SLE patients was related to several laboratory parameters reflecting disease activity suggesting that sHLA-I molecules are connected with the disease process. Increased sHLA-I level due to HLA-A allotype was not a disease susceptibility factor for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kippner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of M.I.G., Lund University, Sweden
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12
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Klint C, Truedsson L, Andreasson A, Johansson I, Sturfelt G. Toxic effects of SLE serum on normal monocytes in vitro: cell death induced by apoptosis related to complement dysfunction. Lupus 2000; 9:278-87. [PMID: 10866099 DOI: 10.1191/096120300680198999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess toxic effects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum on blood peripheral mononuclear cells from healthy donors and to evaluate if complement activation was involved. Monocytes from a healthy donor were incubated with 20 sera from ten SLE patients in both high and low disease activity states. After incubation non-adherent cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum from six SLE patients induced an increased cell death, four in active disease only, one in the inactive state and one in the active and the inactive state. Five of these sera, three with high and two with low disease activity, induced an increased apoptosis in the monocytes. Proportion of apoptotic cells correlated inversely with C1q and C3 concentration in the active disease sera, but not with disease activity as evaluated by SLEDAI. Apoptosis could be induced by addition of active C1s or antigen/antibody complexes to normal serum before incubation. Serum with complexes added induced increased tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion from mononuclear cells, but SLE patient sera did not. The results demonstrate that the toxic effect of serum from SLE patients on healthy monocytes is explained by induction of apoptosis. The induction process is suggested to be connected with complement activation in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klint
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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Klint C, Gullstrand B, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L. Binding of immune complexes to erythrocyte CR1 (CD35): difference in requirement of classical pathway components and indication of alternative pathway-mediated binding in C2-deficiency. Scand J Immunol 2000; 52:103-8. [PMID: 10886790 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of complement components within the classical pathway is associated with increased risk for immune complex disease. However, C2-deficient individuals often have a mild disease and about 50% are healthy. To study the importance of the different components for immune complex clearance, bovine serum albumin (BSA)/anti-BSA complexes were opsonized in human serum and the binding to erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35) was measured in vitro. In C2-depleted serum the complexes were opsonized and bound to CR1 but the reaction needed a longer opsonization time than in normal human serum (NHS). In contrast, serum reagent lacking C1q, C4 or C3 did not promote binding in this assay system. We also demonstrated that elevated levels of factor B could restore binding of complexes to erythrocytes in C2-depleted serum via alternative pathway activation. These results indicate that in spite of lack of a complete classical pathway, C2-deficient individuals could retain some immune complex opsonizing activity via the alternative pathway. This finding could contribute to the understanding of differences in association between complement deficiency and immune-complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klint
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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Sturfelt G, Bengtsson A, Klint C, Nived O, Sjöholm A, Truedsson L. Novel roles of complement in systemic lupus erythematosus--hypothesis for a pathogenetic vicious circle. J Rheumatol 2000; 27:661-3. [PMID: 10743804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose that impaired complement function enhances a pathogenetic vicious circle in SLE. In this process, induction and clearance of apoptotic cells is central. Apoptosis could be triggered by various etiological factors, such as infection, UV light, and drug reactions. Clearance of apoptotic material is reduced when complement function is impaired. Apoptosis leads to increased exposure of nuclear antigens to the immune system, to which estrogenic hormones could contribute. This could in turn lead to activation of autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production, and immune complex formation, all of which is accelerated by hypocomplementemia. Immune complexes may, at least partly via complement dependent mechanisms, accelerate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sturfelt
- Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
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Klint C, Truedsson L, Sturfelt G. Binding to erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 of BSA/anti-BSA complexes opsonized by C4A3 or C4B1 in the presence of serum. Scand J Immunol 1995; 42:425-32. [PMID: 7569775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro model with human serum and human 0 Rh-negative erythrocytes was used for studies on preformed BSA/anti-BSA complex binding to complement receptor type 1 (CR1). The serum used was first depleted of Clq, factor D and properdin, then of C3, C4 or both and finally reconstituted with the desired proteins (serum reagent). With varying C4 concentrations and 100% C3 present, binding curves obtained for the two C4 isotypes were similar. When the serum reagent was not reconstituted with factor D and properdin there was no difference between the CR1 binding of normal serum and the partially reconstituted serum reagent, nor between the two C4 isotypes in this serum reagent. When C3 at 50% or 100% of normal concentrations was added to the serum reagent together with 100% C4A3 or C4B1, the C4B1-opsonized complexes showed more binding than the C4A3-opsonized complexes. At very low levels of C3 (< 25%) the binding could not be distinguished from the background. The results suggest that the binding of complement opsonized antigen/antibody complexes to erythrocyte CR1 is mediated mainly by C3, originating from activation of the classical pathway, and that the difference in properties between C4A and C4B does not have a major influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klint
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden
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