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Mapp JE, McDougall RP, Robbins JR, Hsu CC, Stea B, Morrison C. Outcomes of a Single Isocenter Brain Multi-Metastases Linear Accelerator Delivered Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e135. [PMID: 37784700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The management of brain metastases has evolved from using 2D whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) to more complex techniques like stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with limited disease. Long-term control of lesions is challenging with WBRT techniques but treating multiple lesions with traditional SRS, where each lesion is treated on its own isocenter, can be time-consuming and difficult on patients, especially those with claustrophobia. Single Isocenter Multiple Metastases (SIMM) SRS has emerged as an option to deliver ablative SRS doses simultaneously to multiple brain metastases using a single isocenter, thereby limiting the duration of treatments for patients. Though appealing, SIMM SRS adds technical complexity and could potentially lead to worse outcomes or more complications relative to traditional SRS treatments. Given the current paucity of clinical evidence supporting SIMM SRS, we sought to retrospectively review our institution's outcomes and complications for patients treated with SIMM SRS to determine the efficacy and safety of this approach in our hands. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients treated at our institution with SIMM SRS with at least one post-treatment brain MRI were identified. Date on patient clinical characteristics, planning, and treatment characteristics, and outcomes were retrospectively collected. Post-treatment tumor control was evaluated with follow-up MRI imaging based on RANO criteria. Correlation between tumor control and toxicity was done by assessing radiation doses, PTV coverage, and normal brain V12 constraints. RESULTS A total of 27 patients received SIMM SRS from January 2015 to February 2022. The median age at first SIMM SRS was 61 (range: 38-87). The most common disease sites were lung (63.0%), breast (18.5%), and GI (7.4%). The 27 patients had 47 SIMM SRS treatments of 163 lesions total. The median number of lesions treated per isocenter was 3 (range: 2-9). 5 patients had 2 SIMM SRS isocenters treated on the same day, treating clusters of lesions (ranging from 5-11 lesions treated on that day). The most common locations involved were frontal, cerebellar, and parietal lobes (32.52%, 21.47%, and 15.34%). The modal dose was 22 Gy (range: 18-24 Gy). Median OS from initial primary diagnosis was 23.23 months, and 9.92 months after the first SIMM SRS treatment. The median imaging follow-up was 9.8 months per lesion, and the local control rate was 95.03%. 2 lesions (1.23%) developed radiation necrosis and the median time to RT necrosis among those lesions was 5.7 months after treatment. CONCLUSION The utilization of SIMM SRS demonstrates acceptable efficacy and safety as it has been implemented at our institution. Further studies to evaluate this planning modality are warranted to establish suitable candidates for SIMM SRS as well as evaluate the long-term outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mapp
- Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - J R Robbins
- University of Arizona, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, AZ
| | - C C Hsu
- University of Arizona - Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, AZ
| | - B Stea
- University of Arizona, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, AZ
| | - C Morrison
- University of Arizona - Department of Radiation Oncology, Tucson, AZ
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Cha SM, Hsu CC. Evaluation of functional recovery in the intrinsic and flexor muscles after nerve transfer for ulnar nerve lesion. A new measurement method: The Cha method. Hand Surg Rehabil 2022; 41:631-637. [PMID: 35944872 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
"Supercharge" end-to-side (SETS) nerve transfer for lesions of the proximal ulnar nerve is a recognized novel option, but improvement in motor function after surgery has not been properly evaluated. We therefore propose a modified method for quantitative evaluation of improvement in the intrinsic hand strength. We screened 216 patients with proximal ulnar nerve lesions who presented to our outpatient department from 2012 to 2020. Of these, 101 met our inclusion/exclusion criteria and were evaluated just before surgery. We used a novel method to measure finger abduction ("2nd-abd"), adduction ("5th-add"), and ring and little finger flexion strength ("4,5 grip"), and analyzed correlations with established pinch strength data. The male:female sex ratio was 86:15, and the ratio dominant to nondominant arm involvement was 68:33. All strength measurements were analyzed as percentage affected to contralateral normal side. On Pearson correlation analysis, the strength ratios for "4,5 grip", "2nd-abd", and "5th-add", but not "5 fingers (total) grip", showed significant positive correlation with key and oppositional pinch strength (all p < 0.001). Additionally, linear regression analysis showed identical results for each strength correlation with key/oppositional pinch, except for "5 fingers total) grip" (all, p < 0.001). SETS is a reasonable alternative for lesions of the proximal ulnar nerve. The measurement method we propose is feasible for specific assessment of intrinsic muscle strength, which improves after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic, level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - C C Hsu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Liao JF, Hsu CC, Chou GT, Hsu JS, Liong MT, Tsai YC. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 reduced early-life stress abnormalities in maternal separation mouse model. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:425-436. [PMID: 30882243 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) has been developed as a model for inducing stress and depression in studies using rodents. The concept of the gut-brain axis suggests that gut health is essential for brain health. Here, we present the effects of administration of a probiotic, Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (PS23), to MS mice against psychological traits including anxiety and depression. The administration of live and heat-killed PS23 cells showed positive behavioural effects on MS animals, where exploratory tendencies and mobility were increased in behavioural tests, indicating reduced anxiety and depression compared to the negative control mice (P<0.05). Mice administered with both live and heat-killed PS23 cells also showed lower serum corticosterone levels accompanied by higher serum anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels, compared to MS separated mice (P<0.05), indicating a stress-elicited response affiliated with increased immunomodulatory properties. Assessment of neurotransmitters in the brain hippocampal region revealed that PS23 affected the concentrations of dopaminergic metabolites differently than the control, suggesting that PS23 may have improved MS-induced stress levels via neurotransmitter pathways, such as dopamine or other mechanisms not addressed in the current study. Our study illustrates the potential of a probiotic in reversing abnormalities induced by early life stress and could be an alternative for brain health along the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liao
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan ROC
| | - C C Hsu
- 2 Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., 2F-2, No.129, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist., Taipei 10448, Taiwan ROC
| | - G T Chou
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan ROC
| | - J S Hsu
- 2 Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., 2F-2, No.129, Sec. 2, Zhongshan N. Rd., Zhongshan Dist., Taipei 10448, Taiwan ROC
| | - M T Liong
- 3 School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Y C Tsai
- 4 Microbiome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou Dist., Taipei 11221, Taiwan ROC
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4
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Liang HC, Li D, Lin EH, Hsu CC, Lin HY. Investigation of the antiphase dynamics of the orthogonally polarized passively Q-switched Nd:YLF laser. Opt Express 2018; 26:26590-26597. [PMID: 30469743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The antiphase dynamics of Q-switched orthogonally polarized emissions have been thoroughly investigated. A Nd:YLF crystal with the anisotropic thermal lensing effect is used as the gain medium for achieving dual polarized laser. By using the Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber, the passively Q-switched output shows intriguing switching dynamics, where the number of pulses for both polarized components within one switching period is directly determined by the power ratio between the orthogonally polarized emissions. Experimental results reveal that the pulse energies of every single pulse for both orthogonally polarized states are equal with the maximum value of 223 μJ. The pulse durations for π- and σ-polarization are measured to be 15 ns and 11 ns and the corresponding peak power levels are up to 15.0 kW and 20.3 kW, respectively.
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Chang YK, Huang LF, Shin SJ, Lin KD, Chong K, Yen FS, Chang HY, Chuang SY, Hsieh TJ, Hsiung CA, Hsu CC. A Point-based Mortality Prediction System for Older Adults with Diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12652. [PMID: 28978911 PMCID: PMC5627261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality prediction models for the general diabetic population have been well established, but the corresponding elderly-specific model is still lacking. This study aims to develop a mortality prediction model for the elderly with diabetes. The data used for model establishment were derived from the nationwide adult health screening program in Taiwan in 2007-2010, from which we applied a 10-fold cross-validation method for model construction and internal validation. The external validation was tested on the MJ health screening database collected in 2004-2007. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict five-year mortality for diabetic patients ≥65 years. A total of 220,832 older subjects with diabetes were selected for model construction, of whom 23,241 (10.5%) died by the end of follow-up (December 31, 2011). The significant predictors retained in the final model included age, gender, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, leukocyte count, liver and renal function, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, albumin, and uric acid. The Harrell's C in the development, internal-, and external-validation datasets were 0.737, 0.746, and 0.685, respectively. We established an easy-to-use point-based model that could accurately predict five-year mortality risk in older adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - L F Huang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - S J Shin
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ditvision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K D Lin
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ditvision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - K Chong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - F S Yen
- Dr. Yen's Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H Y Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - S Y Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - T J Hsieh
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - C A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - C C Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Nunes RH, Hsu CC, da Rocha AJ, do Amaral LLF, Godoy LFS, Watkins TW, Marussi VH, Warmuth-Metz M, Alves HC, Goncalves FG, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Osborn AG. Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor of the Cerebrum: A New "Leave Me Alone" Lesion with a Characteristic Imaging Pattern. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1899-1904. [PMID: 28705817 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum is a recently reported benign, mixed glial neuronal lesion that is included in the 2016 updated World Health Organization classification of brain neoplasms as a unique cytoarchitectural pattern of gangliocytoma. We report 33 cases of presumed multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum that exhibit a remarkably similar pattern of imaging findings consisting of a subcortical cluster of nodular lesions located on the inner surface of an otherwise normal-appearing cortex, principally within the deep cortical ribbon and superficial subcortical white matter, which is hyperintense on FLAIR. Only 4 of our cases are biopsy-proven because most were asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. The remaining were followed for a minimum of 24 months (mean, 3 years) without interval change. We demonstrate that these are benign, nonaggressive lesions that do not require biopsy in asymptomatic patients and behave more like a malformative process than a true neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Nunes
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R., L.L.F.d.A., H.C.A.), Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil .,Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R.), Diagnosticos da America SA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging (C.C.H., T.W.W.), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J da Rocha
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R., L.L.F.d.A., H.C.A.), Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R.), Diagnosticos da America SA, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L L F do Amaral
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R., L.L.F.d.A., H.C.A.), Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neuroradiology (L.L.F.d.A., V.H.M.), Medimagem, Hospital da Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F S Godoy
- Department of Radiology (L.F.S.G.), Hospital Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology (L.F.S.G.), Medical School, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - T W Watkins
- Department of Medical Imaging (C.C.H., T.W.W.), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V H Marussi
- Division of Neuroradiology (L.L.F.d.A., V.H.M.), Medimagem, Hospital da Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Warmuth-Metz
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.-M.), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H C Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.H.N., A.J.d.R., L.L.F.d.A., H.C.A.), Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F G Goncalves
- Department of Radiology (F.G.G.), Children's Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - A G Osborn
- Department of Radiology (A.G.O.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of local anaesthesia and adrenaline for hand surgery is gaining popularity; however, where vascularity is impaired, wide-awake surgery is considered a contraindication. We present our case series of five digital devascularizations and eight amputations that underwent surgery using the 'wide-awake' anaesthetic technique. A temporary digital tourniquet (< 20 min) was used in three cases to identify structures quickly. The anastomoses were performed under local anaesthesia without a tourniquet. All cases had successful re-establishment of blood flow with good perfusion to the digital tips; no cases were re-explored because of vascular crisis. Four cases had minor superficial soft tissue necrosis that healed secondarily. We conclude that digital revascularization and replantation can be performed under local anaesthesia with use of adrenaline and without detriment to the traumatized digit provided careful patient selection and adequate operator experience are available. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jkf Wong
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,2 Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C H Lin
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N J Chang
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H C Chen
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Lin
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Hsu
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang HY, Chen YS, Hsu CC, Shen SF. Fishing-induced changes in adult length are mediated by skipped-spawning. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:274-284. [PMID: 28052500 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating fishing effects on fish population dynamics is a critical step toward sustainable fisheries management. Despite previous studies that have suggested age or size truncation in exploited fish populations, other aspects of fishing effects on population demography, e.g., via altering life histories and density, have received less attention. Here, we investigated the fishing effects altering adult demography via shifting reproductive trade-offs in the iconic, overexploited, Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis. We found that, contrary to our expectation, mean lengths of catch increased over time in longline fisheries. On the other hand, mean catch lengths for purse seine fisheries did not show such increasing trends. We hypothesized that the size-dependent energetic cost of the spawning migration and elevated fishing mortality on the spawning grounds potentially drive size-dependent skipped spawning for adult tuna, mediating the observed changes in the catch lengths. Using eco-genetic individual-based modeling, we demonstrated that fishing-induced evolution of skipped spawning and size truncation interacted to shape the observed temporal changes in mean catch lengths for tuna. Skipped spawning of the small adults led to increased mean catch lengths for the longline fisheries, while truncation of small adults by the purse seines could offset such a pattern. Our results highlight the eco-evolutionary dynamics of fishing effects on population demography and caution against using demographic traits as a basis for fisheries management of the Pacific bluefin tuna as well as other migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shiuan Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Shen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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Hsu CC, Piotrowski SL, Meeker SM, Smith KD, Maggio-Price L, Treuting PM. Histologic Lesions Induced by Murine Norovirus Infection in Laboratory Mice. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:754-63. [PMID: 26792844 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815618439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Murine noroviruses (MNVs) are highly prevalent in laboratory mice, can cause persistent infections, and have been shown to infect macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. To address the potential impact of MNV infection on research outcomes, numerous studies have been conducted with various mouse models of human disease and have generated mixed results, ranging from no impact to significant disease. Many of these studies included histologic evaluations after MNV infection, and these results have similarly been variable in terms of whether MNV induces lesions, despite the fact that localization of MNV by viral culture and molecular techniques have demonstrated systemic distribution regardless of mouse immune status. The aim of this review is to summarize the histologic findings that have been reported with MNV infection in several mouse models. The studies demonstrate that experimental infection of MNV in wild-type mice results in minimal to no histologic changes. In contrast, immunodeficient mice consistently have detectable MNV-induced lesions that are typically inflammatory and, in the most severe cases, accompanied by necrosis. In these, the liver is commonly affected, with more variable lesions reported in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric lymph nodes, brain, and spleen. In specific disease models including atherosclerosis, MNV infection had a variable impact that was dependent on the mouse model, viral strain, timing of infection, or other experimental variables. It is important to recognize the reported MNV lesions to help discern the possible influence of MNV infection on data generated in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S L Piotrowski
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Meeker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K D Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Maggio-Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lin CJ, Hsu CC, Yu SM, Huang YC, Wei SY, Sun WC, Lin TS, Chen FR. Growth mechanism of an aluminium-induced solid phase epitaxial (AI-SPE) Si 0.5Ge 0.5layer using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00657d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lin CJ, Hsu CC, Huang YC, Yu SM, Wei SY, Sun WC, Lin TS, Chen FR. B12-P-10In-situ heating TEM for aluminum-induced solid phase epitaxial (AI-SPE) growth of Si 0.5Geo 0.5. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hsu CC, Yu SM, Lin CJ, Chen FR. B21-P-08Ultra-flat hole tansport layer for perovskite solar cell. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hsu CC, Singh D, Kwan G, Deuble M, Aquilina C, Korah I, Norton R. Neuromelioidosis: Craniospinal MRI Findings in Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection. J Neuroimaging 2015; 26:75-82. [PMID: 26256582 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of central nervous system (CNS) infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 10 patients (5 male and 5 female, age range from 13 to 69 years) with CNS melioidosis confirmed on culture of blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, brain biopsy, and postmortem brain tissue. Clinical data were collected and MRI brain and/or spine were independently reviewed. RESULTS Seven patients with brain parenchymal or intramedullary spinal cord lesions demonstrated rim-enhancing microabscesses with propensity for white matter tracts including the corticospinal tracts, corpus callosum, and cerebellar peduncles. Three of these 7 patients also showed thickening and enhancement of the trigeminal nerves with contiguous spread to brain stem trigeminal nuclei. Three patients had isolated extraaxial disease with findings including meningeal enhancement, extradural abscess, skull osteomyelitis, and scalp abscess. CONCLUSION Spread of microabscesses along white matter tracts and frequent trigeminal nerve involvement are unique imaging characteristics of CNS melioidosis. These findings may provide insight into potential mechanisms for B. pseuodomallei entry into the CNS through direct axonal transport in cranial nerves bypassing the blood brain barrier. Prompt recognition of the neuroimaging features of this potentially fatal infection may allow for early microbiological culture and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Dalveer Singh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Gigi Kwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Martin Deuble
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Chloe Aquilina
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ipeson Korah
- Department of Medical Imaging, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Robert Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
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Lin CJ, Wei SY, Hsu CC, Yu SM, Sun WC, Lin TS, Chen FR. Hetero-epitaxial growth of stoichiometry tunable Si 1−xGe xfilm via a low temperature aluminium-induced solid phase epitaxy (AI-SPE) process. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Yang WC, Hsu CC, Liu FX. Financial Implications to Taiwan Health System from Changing the Dialysis Modality Mix. Value Health 2014; 17:A811-A812. [PMID: 27203065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Yang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Hsu
- National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F X Liu
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA
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16
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Chen CY, Lai CC, Chen KS, Hsu CC, Hung CC, Chen MH. Total and organic mercury concentrations in the muscles of Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 85:606-612. [PMID: 24559740 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Muscles of 115 North Pacific albacore (ALB, Thunnus alalunga) and 75 Pacific bigeye tuna (BET, Thunnus obesus), collected from 2001 to 2006, were analyzed. No ALB, but 13 large BET had organic mercury (OH g) concentrations exceeding 1 μg g(-1) wet weight. For both ALB and BET, total mercury (THg) and OH g concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with fork length (FL) and body weight. The muscle Hg bioaccumulation rates of BET were higher than those of ALB, particularly in the adult fish. Moreover, the lines had crossover points among the two species that imply the young BET (FL<110 cm) contains lower muscle Hg concentrations than ALB of the same size. The suggested weekly dietary intake of ALB and small-BET meats is 340 g, and of BET meat it is 150 g for a 60-kg person based on the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of methylmercury set by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiee-Young Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81143, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Chen
- Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Institute of Oceanography, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Kaohsiung 85243, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsien Chen
- Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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17
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Lin YS, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hsu JT, Wu SC, Lin CJ, Cheng WTK. Establishment of a novel, eco-friendly transgenic pig model using porcine pancreatic amylase promoter-driven fungal cellulase transgenes. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:61-71. [PMID: 25063310 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Competition between humans and livestock for cereal and legume grains makes it challenging to provide economical feeds to livestock animals. Recent increases in corn and soybean prices have had a significant impact on the cost of feed for pig producers. The utilization of byproducts and alternative ingredients in pig diets has the potential to reduce feed costs. Moreover, unlike ruminants, pigs have limited ability to utilize diets with high fiber content because they lack endogenous enzymes capable of breaking down nonstarch polysaccharides into simple sugars. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a transgenic strategy in which expression of the fungal cellulase transgene was driven by the porcine pancreatic amylase promoter in pigs. A 2,488 bp 5'-flanking region of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene was cloned by the genomic walking technique, and its structural features were characterized. Using GFP as a reporter, we found that this region contained promoter activity and had the potential to control heterologous gene expression. Transgenic pigs were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Founders and offspring were identified by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Cellulase mRNA and protein showed tissue-specific expression in the pancreas of F1 generation pigs. Cellulolytic enzyme activity was also identified in the pancreas of transgenic pigs. These results demonstrated the establishment of a tissue-specific promoter of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene. Transgenic pigs expressing exogenous cellulase may represent a way to increase the intake of low-cost, fiber-rich feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Hsu YH, Huang MC, Chang HY, Shin SJ, Wahlqvist ML, Chang YL, Hsu KC, Hsu CC. Association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1367-73. [PMID: 23756251 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serum ferritin has been found closely related with diabetes and glucose metabolism, but its impact on diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Eight hundred and fifty-one subjects with Type 2 diabetes were selected from a cohort participating in a glycaemic control study in Taiwan in 2008. We used urine albumin:creatinine ratio to define microalbuminuria; serum ferritin was divided into quartiles for analysis. Logistic regression and trend tests were used to delineate the association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria. RESULTS Subjects with diabetes with higher ferritin tended to have more metabolic disorders, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and higher prevalence of microalbuminuria. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects with diabetes in the highest ferritin quartile were 55% (P = 0.029) more likely to have microalbuminuria. After controlling for demographics, metabolic profiles and other inflammatory markers, the association between serum ferritin levels and microalbuminuria remained significant (P for trend < 0.001). This independent relationship was not changed either for those who had better glycaemic control or those who had not used an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows hyperferritinemia may be an independent risk factor of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi; Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan
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19
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Hsu CC, Pai WY, Lai CY, Lu MW, Her GM. Genetic characterization and in vivo image analysis of novel zebrafish Danio rerio pigment mutants. J Fish Biol 2013; 82:1671-1683. [PMID: 23639161 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and characterization of a new type of transparent zebrafish Danio rerio mutant called pinky (pk), which has been visually isolated from a spontaneous mutation in a D. rerio colony. The pk larvae possess complex mutations affecting pigmentation because of missing pigment cells or a dramatic reduction in the chromatophore number. The pk displays a totally colourless phenotype and adult body transplant with no other obvious external morphological abnormalities, except for a red retina. The molecular analysis results in several candidate genes, hps1, ap3m2 and rabggta, implicated in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) genes associated with HPS in pk. To demonstrate its applications of deep-tissue imaging, this study examines green fluorescent protein alone or with other fluorescent proteins to investigate their capability for using multilabelling purposes in live adult pk. In this study, pk is particularly valuable for tissue cell labelling and internal organogenesis studies because of its optical clarity in the adult body.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66, Sec. 1, Fongsing Rd, Tanzih Township, Taichung County 427, Taiwan
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20
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Hsu CC, Chang HY, Huang MC, Hwang SJ, Yang YC, Lee YS, Shin SJ, Tai TY. HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study. Diabetologia 2012; 55:3163-72. [PMID: 22923064 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS HbA(1c) variability has been shown to be an independent risk factor for nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between HbA(1c) variability and microalbuminuria development in patients with type 2 diabetes. We also intended to test the applicability of serially measured HbA(1c) over 2 years for this risk assessment. METHODS Between 2003 and 2005, we recruited 821 middle-aged normoalbuminuric individuals with type 2 diabetes and followed them through to the end of 2010. The average follow-up time was 6.2 years. We defined microalbuminuria as a urine albumin to creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g (3.4 mg/mmol) or higher. HbA(1c) variability was calculated by the SD of serially measured HbA(1c). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between HbA(1c) SD quartile and development of microalbuminuria. RESULTS The incidence of microalbuminuria for the overall population was 58.4, 58.6, 60.8 and 91.9 per 1,000 person-years for Q1- to Q4-adjusted HbA(1c) SD, respectively (p for trend = 0.042). Compared with patients in Q1, those in Q4 were about 37% more likely to develop microalbuminuria. The HR derived from a series of 2 year HbA(1c) measurements was similar to that from data collection for longer than 4 years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In addition to mean HbA(1c) values, HbA(1c) variability, even measured as early as 2 years, is independently associated with the development of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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21
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Lo SJ, Yeo M, Puhaindran M, Hsu CC, Wei FC. A reappraisal of functional reconstruction of extension of the knee following quadriceps resection or loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:1016-23. [PMID: 22844040 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b8.29033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current indications for functional restoration of extension of the knee following quadriceps resection or loss require reappraisal. The contribution of pedicled and free functional muscle transfer is likely to be over-emphasised in many studies, with good functional outcomes predominantly reported only in the context of cases with residual quadriceps function. In cases with total quadriceps resection or loss, all forms of reconstruction perform poorly. Furthermore, in smaller resections with loss of two or fewer components of the quadriceps, minimal impairment of function occurs in the absence of functional reconstruction, suggesting that functional restoration may not be warranted. Thus there is a paradox in the current approach to quadriceps reconstruction, in that small resections are likely to be over-treated and large resections remain under-treated. This review suggests a shift is required in the approach and rationale for reconstructing functional extension of the knee after quadriceps resection or loss. A classification based on current evidence is suggested that emphasises more clearly the indications and rationale for functional transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lo
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit, Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK.
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22
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Chen CL, Dong CL, Chen JL, Guo JH, Yang WL, Hsu CC, Yeh KW, Huang TW, Mok BH, Chan TS, Lee JF, Chang CL, Rao SM, Wu MK. X-Ray spectra and electronic correlations of FeSe(1-x)Te(x). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15666-72. [PMID: 21804990 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Critical issues concerning emerging Fe-based superconductors include the degree of electron correlation and the origin of the superconductivity. X-Ray absorption spectra (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra (RIXS) of FeSe(1-x)Te(x) (x = 0-1) single crystals were obtained to study their electronic properties that relate to electron correlation and superconductivity. The linewidth of Fe L(2,3)-edges XAS of FeSe(1-x)Te(x) is narrower than that of Fe-pnictides, revealing the difference between their hybridization effects and localization character and those of other Fe-pnictides. While no significant differences exist between the Fe L-edge XAS and RIXS of FeSe(1-x)Te(x) and those of Fe-pnictides, Se K-edge and Te K-edge XAS exhibit substantial edge shift, suggesting that the superconductivity in an Fe-Se superconductor is strongly associated with the ligand states. A comparison of the Se K-edge and Te K-edge spectra reveals that the charge transfer may occur between Se and Te. Given the Coulomb interaction and the bandwidth, the spectral results indicate that FeSe(1-x)Te(x) is unlikely to be a weakly correlated system unlike the Fe-pnictides of the "1111" and "122" families. The spectral results further demonstrate that superconductivity in this class of Fe-based compounds is strongly associated with the ligand 4p hole state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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23
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Hsu CC, Lin EC, Chen SC, Huang SC, Liu BH, Yu YH, Chen CC, Yang CC, Lien CY, Wang YH, Liu CW, Mersmann HJ, Cheng WTK, Ding ST. Differential gene expression between the porcine morula and blastocyst. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:69-81. [PMID: 21599764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The survival and development of pre-implantation embryos are determinant factors affecting the outcome of animal reproduction. It is essential to transfer the expression of the genetic material from maternal sources, that is the ovum to the zygote before implantation to ensure successful development. Differentiation and transformation of blastomeres initiated during the morula and blastocyst stages is an important step of the embryonic development prior to implantation. We collected morula and early blastocyst samples from pure-bred Landrace pigs in vivo to study the differential gene expression patterns at these two stages. Total RNA was extracted from individual embryos and two rounds of amplification were employed. Two micrograms of antisense RNA, targets, were prepared and hybridized with each of four custom made oligo microarrays representing 24,000 porcine genes. The analyses of replicate hybridizations showed that among the 24,000 genes, 162 genes were expressed fivefold or greater in the morula compared to early blastocysts and 2126 genes were expressed fivefold or greater in early blastocysts compared to the morula. Of these differentially expressed genes, 1429 genes were functionally annotated with related human Gene Ontology terms. In addition to basic metabolic processes, genes related to signal transduction, transportation and cell differentiation were found in both stages and were up-regulated as embryo development proceeded. Real time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to quantify 12 genes differentially expressed in the 2 embryonic stages and validated the reliability of major evidences shown in microarrays. In conclusion, we have obtained a preliminary landscape of genes differentially expressed during the transition from morula to early blastocysts in pigs and showed a generally increased transcriptional activity, perhaps in preparation for implantation. Our results provide an opportunity to study the functions of these genes in relation to the development and survival of pre-implantation porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu CC, Lin YA, Su B, Li JH, Huang HY, Hsu MCP. NO EFFECT OF CORDYCEPS SINENSIS SUPPLEMENTATION ON TESTOSTERONE LEVEL AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS FOR RESISTANCE TRAINING. Biol Sport 2011. [DOI: 10.5604/942739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chen MH, Teng PY, Chen CY, Hsu CC. Organic and total mercury levels in bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, harvested by Taiwanese fishing vessels in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2011; 4:15-21. [PMID: 24779657 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2010.535908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle samples of 121 and 110 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) caught by Taiwanese long-line fishing vessels in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, respectively, were used to analyze total mercury (THg) and organic mercury (OHg) content. The overall THg and OHg concentrations were 0.786 ± 0.386 (0.214-3.133) and 0.595 ± 0.238 (0.143-2.222) mg kg⁻¹ wet weight, respectively, similar to the results of previous studies. Our findings, however, reflected the highest THg and OHg concentrations for the species in each ocean among the published data. Mean THg and OHg concentrations in Atlantic tuna were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in Indian tuna. Two of 121 samples of tuna from the Atlantic Ocean, but no samples from the Indian Ocean, had levels of OHg above 2 mg kg⁻¹ wet weight set by the Department of Health Taiwan, and 13 of 121 samples of tuna from the Atlantic Ocean and three of 110 samples from the Indian Ocean had levels of OHg above 1 mg kg⁻¹ wet weight set by US FDA and WHO. Accordingly, for adult Taiwanese men and women with average body weight of 65 and 55 kg, respectively, the maximum allowable weekly intake of bigeye tuna is suggested to be 170 and 145 g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Chen
- a Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources , National Sun Yat-sen University , 70 Lianhai Rd., Gushan , Kaohsiung 80424 , Taiwan
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Yang CC, Deng SJ, Hsu CC, Liu BH, Lin EC, Cheng WTK, Wang PH, Ding ST. Visfatin regulates genes related to lipid metabolism in porcine adipocytes. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3233-41. [PMID: 20562354 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is a visceral adipose tissue-specific adipocytokine that plays a positive role in attenuating insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor. Visfatin has been suggested to play a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of visfatin on the regulation of gene expression in cultured porcine preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes. In preadipocytes, the mRNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase and PPARgamma were significantly increased by visfatin or insulin treatment after 8 d (all P < 0.05). In the presence of insulin, the mRNA abundance of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein was 24.7-fold greater than in the untreated group (P < 0.05), whereas visfatin alone had no effect on adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein mRNA abundance. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by insulin treatment for 8 d. In differentiated porcine adipocytes, exposure to insulin or visfatin for 24 h increased (P < 0.05) fatty acid synthase mRNA abundance but had no effect on the expression of sterol regulatory element binding-protein 1c mRNA. We also found a 5.8-fold upregulation of IL-6 expression in porcine adipocytes after 24 h of treatment with visfatin (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that visfatin upregulated lipoprotein lipase expression in preadipocytes, potentially facilitating lipid uptake, and increased the gene expression of fatty acid synthase in differentiated adipocytes to potentially enhance lipogenic activity. Furthermore, visfatin can upregulate IL-6 expression in differentiated porcine adipocytes. The information presented in this study provides insights into the roles of visfatin in lipid metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang WT, Hsu CC, Lee PI, Chuang JH. Mass psychogenic illness in nationwide in-school vaccination for pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, Taiwan, November 2009–January 2010. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19575. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.21.19575-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From 16 November 2009 to 22 January 2010, Taiwan investigated 23 clusters of mass psychogenic illness after vaccination (MPIV) in the nationwide in-school vaccination programme against the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). The median age of the 350 ill students (68% female) was 13 years. Intense media coverage of these events has driven public concerns about the safety of the pandemic influenza vaccine. In the future, countries should incorporate surveillance and communication strategies for MPIV in their pandemic preparedness plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Huang
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Hsu
- Medical Emergency Operations Center, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P I Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J H Chuang
- Epidemic Intelligence Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Hsu CC, Hwang SJ, Tai TY, Chen T, Huang MC, Shin SJ, Wen CP, Shih YT, Yang HJ, Chang CT, Chang CJ, Loh CH, Fuh MT, Li YS, Chang HY. Cigarette smoking and proteinuria in Taiwanese men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2010; 27:295-302. [PMID: 20536492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor associated with diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to further investigate the dose-response effect of tobacco exposure on proteinuria in males with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Five hundred and nine males with Type 2 diabetes were selected from a cohort participating in a glucose control study in Taiwan. Pack-years of cigarette smoking were calculated to define tobacco exposure. Proteinuria was identified if albumin-to-creatinine ratio was > or = 30 mg/g in at least two of three consecutive urine tests. Logistic regression and trend tests were used to delineate the association between smoking status and proteinuria. RESULTS Compared with non-smokers, those who had smoked 15-30 or more than 30 pack-years were respectively 2.78 (95% CI 1.34-5.76, P < 0.01) and 3.20 (95% CI 1.74-5.86, P < 0.001) times more likely to develop proteinuria. The dose-response effect of tobacco exposure on the development of proteinuria is highly significant in all subjects (P = 0.001) and in subgroups with relatively short duration of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), good blood pressure control (P = 0.001) and those of young age (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The current study shows a clear dose-response effect of cigarette smoking on development of proteinuria in male Type 2 diabetic patients. These findings reinforce the urgent need to encourage diabetic patients to stop smoking regardless of age, duration of diabetes mellitus or status of blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Division of Health Policy Research and Development, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Huang M, Shin SJ, Hsu CC, Wang HS, Sun PY, Brenna JT. A prospective randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness of diabetes management through an integrated delivery system (DMIDS) on glycemic and diet control in primary care setting in Taiwan. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.734.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Chuan Huang
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - SJ Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - CC Hsu
- Center for Health Policy Research and DevelopmentNational Health Research InstitutesZhunanMiaoli CountyTaiwan
| | - HS Wang
- Department of Public HealthCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - PY Sun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - JT Brenna
- Division of Nutriitonal ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Injuries to the vessel wall and subsequent exposure of the matrix of the subendothelial layer resulted in thrombus formation. Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and VI play a crucial role in matrix-induced activation and aggregation of platelets. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we reported that the GPIb-cleaving snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), kistomin, inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, kistomin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by convulxin (CVX, a GPVI agonist) and a GPVI-specific antibody in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Kistomin treatment decreased platelet GPVI but not integrin alpha2beta1 and alphaIIbbeta3, accompanied with the formation of GPVI cleavage fragments, as determined by flow cytometric and Western blot analyses. In addition, intact platelet GPVI and recombinant GPVI were digested by kistomin to release 25- and 35-kDa fragments, suggesting that kistomin cleaved GPVI near the mucin-like region. We designed four synthetic peptides ranging from Leu180 to Asn249 as the substrates for kistomin and found that kistomin cleaved these synthetic peptides at FSE205/A206TA and NKV218/F219TT, as analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. In addition, GPVI-specific antibody-induced tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in platelets was reduced after kistomin pretreatment, and platelet adhesion to collagen but not to fibrinogen was attenuated by kistomin. CONCLUSIONS We provided here the first evidence that a P-I snake venom metalloproteinase, kistomin, inhibits the interaction between collagen and platelet GPVI through its proteolytic activity on GPVI, thus providing an alternative strategy for developing new anti-thrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of the opening of the Taiwanese cigarette market on cigarette consumption, changes in market share, and the effects on tobacco control efforts. METHODS With the use of key word "Taiwan", the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library of the University of California, San Francisco, was searched for internal documents related to smuggling activities, promotion of light cigarettes, and market share analyses in Taiwan. Age adjusted smoking rates and cigarette and betel quid consumption before and after market opening were compared. RESULTS By 2000, the market share of imported cigarettes increased from less than 2% in 1986 to nearly 50%, and per capita cigarette consumption increased 15% following market opening. Because of the sharp increase in smuggling, with contraband cigarettes being as popular as legal imports, and the rapid proliferation of retail outlets, such as betel quid stalls, the market penetration by foreign tobacco companies was greater in Taiwan than among the other Super 301 Asian countries. Aggressive cigarette marketing strategies were associated with a 6% increase in adult male smoking prevalence, and with a 13% increase in the youth rate, within three years after market opening. The market opening also had an incidental effect on increasing the popularity of betel quid. Betel quid chewing has since become a major public health problem in Taiwan. CONCLUSION The opening of the cigarette market in 1987 had a long lasting impact on Taiwan. It increased smoking prevalence and the market has become dominated by foreign companies. The seriousness of smuggling and its associated loss of revenue by the government, the extent of increased youth smoking and its associated future health care costs, and the increased use of betel quid and the associated doubling of oral cancer mortality rates each pose significant problems to Taiwan. However, the market opening galvanised anti-smoking sentiment and forced the government to initiate and intensify a series of tobacco control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Wen
- Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of smoking disparities on health disparities, in terms of gap in life expectancy, in Taiwan cities and counties. METHODS Using the decomposition method of life expectancy, the contribution of each disease category to the life expectancy gap was quantitatively expressed as the number of years of life. The smoking attributable fraction (SAF) was calculated for each city and county based on their respective smoking prevalence and relative risk for each smoking related disease. The smoking attributable gap (SAG) in life expectancy between two sites is the sum of the difference in SAF between two sites for each smoking related disease multiplied by the number of years this disease contributed to the life expectancy gap. RESULTS Significant health and smoking disparities were present among the 23 cities and counties in Taiwan. These health disparities and smoking disparities were highly correlated (R2 = 0.3676). Generally, the health gap increased with increasing smoking disparity. The disparity in smoking prevalence and intensity among cities and counties in Taiwan was responsible for up to 19% of the health disparity. The health disparity is also highly correlated (R2 = 0.3745) with SAG in life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS Reducing smoking is important to health, and reducing the smoking disparity is also important for reducing the health disparity observed in Taiwan. The larger the health disparity is, the more important the smoking attributable disparity could be. The reduction of smoking disparities could be a realistic and cost effective way toward reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Cheng
- Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wen CP, Tsai SP, Cheng TY, Hsu CC, Chen T, Lin HS. Role of parents and peers in influencing the smoking status of high school students in Taiwan. Tob Control 2005; 14 Suppl 1:i10-5. [PMID: 15923441 PMCID: PMC1766185 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2003.005637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess parental influence on smoking behaviour by high school students in an Asian culture and to compare the relative importance of parental and peer influence. METHODS A 5% nationally representative sample, including 44 976 high school students in 10th to 12th grade (aged 15-18 years) in Taiwan, were surveyed in 1995. Each completed a long self administered questionnaire. Parental influence was measured by examining both parental behaviour (smoking status) and attitudes (perceived "tender loving care" (TLC) by adolescents). Changes in smoking status were used to determine peer influence, defined as the increase in the likelihood of smoking from grade 10 to 12 in a steady state environment. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for parental and peer influence, using logistic regression. RESULTS Adolescents of smoking parents with low TLC had the highest smoking rates and those of non-smoking parents with high TLC had the lowest. The difference was more than twofold in boys and more than fourfold in girls. When either parental smoking status or TLC alone was considered, parental influence was similar to peer influence in boys, but larger than peer influence in girls. However, when smoking status and TLC were considered jointly, it became larger than peer influence for both groups (OR 2.8 v 1.8 for boys and OR 3.9 v 1.3 for girls). CONCLUSION When parental influence is taken as parental behaviour and attitude together, it plays a more important role than peer influence in smoking among high school students in Taiwan. This study, characterising such relationships among Asian populations for the first time, implies that future prevention programmes should direct more efforts toward the parental smoking and parent-child relationships, and not aim exclusively at adolescents in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Wen
- Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Wen CP, Chen T, Tsai YY, Tsai SP, Chung WSI, Cheng TY, Levy DT, Hsu CC, Peterson R, Liu WY. Are marketing campaigns in Taiwan by foreign tobacco companies targeting young smokers? Tob Control 2005; 14 Suppl 1:i38-44. [PMID: 15923447 PMCID: PMC1766177 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2004.007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of promotions on cigarette sales in Taiwan after the cigarette market opened to foreign companies, and to assess whether young smokers were targeted by these companies. METHODS Trends in cigarette sales, advertising expenditure, brand preference, and cigarette consumption were examined for the period following the 1987 opening of the cigarette market. Tobacco industry internal documents from Legacy Tobacco Documents Library of the University of California, San Francisco, were searched for corporate strategies on promoting youth consumption in Taiwan. RESULTS Between 1995 and 2000, the inflation adjusted advertising expenditures by all foreign firms increased fourfold. Much of the expenditure was spent on brand stretching the Mild Seven (Japan) and Davidoff (Germany) brands in television advertising. By 2000, the market share of foreign cigarettes exceeded domestics by three to one among young smokers and the leading brand preferred by this segment shifted from the most popular domestic brand (Long Life) to a foreign brand (Mild Seven). Furthermore, there was a sudden increase of 16.4% in smoking rates among young adults (from 36.1% to 42.0%) during the first five years after the market opened. This was also accompanied by increased per capita cigarette consumption and decreased age of smoking initiation. Industry documents confirmed the use of strategies targeted at the young. In particular, establishing new point of sale (POS) retail stores or promotional activities at POS were found to be more effective than advertising in magazines. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that advertising increased with increased competition following the market opening, which, in turn, spurred cigarette sales and consumption. Foreign tobacco companies have deliberately targeted youth in Taiwan and succeeded in gaining three quarters of their cigarette purchases within a decade. Expanding youth consumption will incur excessive future health care costs borne by society. Foreign tobacco companies should be obligated to reimburse these expenses through higher tariffs on cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Wen
- Health Policy Division, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Past reports of the water relations of epiphytes, particularly bromeliads, indicate that tissue osmotic potentials in these tropical and subtropical plants are very high (close to zero) and are similar to values for aquatic plants. This is puzzling because several ecophysiological studies have revealed a high degree of drought stress tolerance in some of these epiphytes. The goal of this study was two-fold: (1) to increase the number of epiphytic taxa sampled for tissue osmotic potentials; and (2) to explain the apparent discrepancy in the significance of the tissue water relations and tolerance of drought stress in epiphytes. Tissue osmotic potentials of 30 species of epiphytic ferns, lycophytes, and orchids were measured in a subtropical rain forest in northeastern Taiwan. Nearly all values were less negative than -1.0 MPa, in line with all previous data for epiphytes. It is argued that such high osmotic potentials, indicative of low solute concentrations, are the result of environmental constraints of the epiphytic habitat on productivity of these plants, and that low rates of photosynthesis and transpiration delay the onset of turgor loss in the tissues of epiphytes such that they appear to be very drought-stress tolerant. Maintenance of photosynthetic activity long into drought periods is ascribed to low rates of transpiration and, hence, delayed tissue desiccation, and hydration of the photosynthetic tissue at the expense of water from the water-storage parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Martin
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Huang MS, Guo BR, Hsu CC, Wang JD, Su B. Epithelial maturation and extracellular matrix in reduced enamel epithelium. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2003; 109:287-98. [PMID: 12889512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in morphological homeostasis through histologically orientated observations on the reduced enamel in epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Specimens were taken from impacted molar sites in 20 patients using the surgery. These were processed using standard histological, pathological and biochemical techniques. Slides were observed with a Nikon Eclipse E-600, Plan Apo piece, Microscopy, and photography was done using a Nikon Coolpix 990 digital camera. RESULTS Radiolucent lesions displayed the supporting fibrous connective tissue wall with stratified squamous epithelium lining mostly. None of the specimens displayed prominent CAM 5.2, and anti-human K7 reacuvity, and PAS positive staining. CONCLUSION While the results of this study suggest that the reduced enamel epithelium showed a lower tendency in cell cycle, it does indicate that a histologically oriented study of reduced enamel epithelium is needed for the understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wang CJ, Wang JW, Weng LH, Hsu CC, Lo CF. Outcome of calf deep-vein thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003; 85:841-4. [PMID: 12931802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the outcome of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in the calf after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in 48 patients (45 women and three men) by clinical assessment and venographic study between three and four years after surgery. The mean age of the patients was 67.2 +/- 7.7 years (52 to 85) and the mean follow-up was 42.6 +/- 2.7 months (38 to 48). The diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 47 patients and rheumatoid arthritis in one patient. There were 44 calf thrombi, four popliteal thrombi but no thrombi in the femoral or iliac regions. Of the 48 patients, 24 were clinically symptomatic and 24 were asymptomatic. Clinical examination was carried out on 41 patients, of whom 37 underwent ascending venography. Seven were evaluated by telephone interview. No patient had the symptoms or signs of recurrent DVT, venous insufficiency in the affected leg, or a history of pulmonary embolism. No patient had been treated for complications of their DVT. Thirty-six of the 37 venographic studies were negative for either old or new DVT in the affected leg. One patient had residual thrombi in the muscular branches of the veins. Our study shows that deep-vein thromboses in the calf after TKA disappear spontaneously with time. No patient developed a recurrent DVT, proximal propagation or embolisation. Treatment of DVT in the calf after TKA should be based on the severity of the symptoms during the immediate postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bell RL, Rodd ZA, Hsu CC, Lumeng L, Murphy JM, McBride WJ. Amphetamine-modified acoustic startle responding and prepulse inhibition in adult and adolescent alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75:163-71. [PMID: 12759124 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selective breeding has been used to develop the alcohol-preferring (P) and -nonpreferring (NP) rats, with the P rat having lower CNS levels of dopamine (DA) and reduced DA innervation in the nucleus accumbens compared with the NP rat. The acoustic startle response (ASR) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the ASR are experimental behaviors altered by DA agonists. We examined whether functional differences in amphetamine (AMPH)-modified ASR and PPI exist between P and NP rats. AMPH [0.0 (saline), 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg] was injected 15 min prior to placement into a startle apparatus. After a 5-min habituation period, rats were given approximately twelve 95-, 105-, or 115-dB white-noise burst (ASR) and PPI trials. As adults, P rats were sensitive to AMPH potentiation of the ASR to a greater extent than NP rats. During adolescence, P and NP rats had similar levels of AMPH-potentiated ASR. As adults, NP rats displayed potentiated, rather than disrupted, PPI at the 1.0-mg/kg dose, whereas P rats displayed the expected disrupted PPI at the 4.0-mg/kg dose. As adolescents, NP rats did not display significant differences in PPI after AMPH, whereas P rats displayed dose-dependent disruption of PPI, which was significant at the 4.0-mg/kg dose. The limited effect of AMPH on increasing the ASR and the presence of AMPH-potentiated PPI at the lowest dose in the adult NP rat suggests reduced functioning of the interactions between DA circuits and the neurocircuitry mediating the ASR and PPI, compared with P rats. However, the neurocircuitry mediating PPI does not appear to be fully developed in the adolescent NP rat. The present findings also indicate that lower levels of DA content and immunoreactive fibers in the P rat may not reflect reduced DA neuronal activity, because the P rat displayed AMPH-potentiated ASR, and, at the highest dose, AMPH disruption of PPI during both adulthood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4887, USA.
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Wang PH, Lo WL, Hsu CC, Lin TW, Lee WL, Wu CY, Yuan CC, Tasi YC. Different enzyme activities of sialyltransferases in gynecological cancer cell lines. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2002; 23:221-6. [PMID: 12094959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to rarity of a relationship between sialyltransferase enzyme activities and gynecological cancers, we arranged the study to evaluate sialyltransferase enzyme activity in the various kinds of gynecological cancer cell lines. METHODS Ten cell lines from various kinds of gynecological cancers and two cell lines from normal tissue were enrolled in this study. The activities of each subtype of sialyltransferases were detected using Gal beta1,3GalNAc-acetyl-lactosamine)-Obz1 (acceptor for ST2,3Gal I), Gal beta1,3GlcNAc beta1,3Gal beta1,4GlcNAc (acceptor for ST2,3Gal III), Gal beta1,4GlcNAc (acceptor for ST2,3Gal IV), asialo-bovine submaxillary mucin (acceptor for ST2,6GalNAc I), asialo-fetuin (acceptor for STalpha2,6GalNAc II), and fetuin (acceptor for ST2,6GalNAc III), respectively. The amounts of sialic acids were measured using fluorescein-conjugated Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) specific for alpha2,6-sialic acids and fluorescein-conjugated Maackia Amurensis agglutinin (MAA) specific for alpha2,3-sialic acids. RESULTS The activities of two sialyltransferase subtypes, ST3Gal I & ST6GalNAc II, were significantly higher in nearly all cell lines. More specifically, cervical cancer cell line-ME 180, ovarian cancer cell line-ES-2, and choriocarcinoma cell line-BeWo showed high levels of ST3Gal I enzyme activity; all gynecological cancer cell lines except endometrial cancer cell line-RL95-2 had high levels of ST6GalNAc II enzyme activity when compared with a normal control cell line--fibroblast cell line (CCD-966Sk). Cell lines tested in this study have diverse levels of surface alpha2,6-sialic acid sugar chains (enhanced SNA binding) when compared with alpha2,3-sialic acid sugar chains (enhanced MAA binding) but we found that some cell lines such as Ca Ski (cervical cancer cell line), CC7T (cervical cancer cell line), PA-I (ovarian cancer cell line), and BeWo showed significantly altered cell surface alpha2,6-sialic acid sugar chains. CONCLUSION Increasing enzyme activity of ST3Gal I and ST6GalNAc II might be important in various kinds of gynecological cancers. More specifically, enhanced activity of sialyltransferases involving alpha2,6-sialic acid sugar chains might be more important in cancer development. Future studies will investigate whether the enzyme activity of these sialyltransferases can be helpful for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu JY, Chen W, Tang XW, Jin H, Foos T, Schloss JV, Davis K, Faiman MD, Hsu CC. Mode of action of taurine and regulation dynamics of its synthesis in the CNS. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 483:35-44. [PMID: 11787619 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46838-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wu
- Dept. of Mol Biosci., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA
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Wu MH, Pan HA, Wang ST, Hsu CC, Chang FM, Huang KE. Quality of life and sexuality changes in postmenopausal women receiving tibolone therapy. Climacteric 2001; 4:314-9. [PMID: 11770188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone on the sexuality and quality of life of Taiwanese postmenopausal women. METHODS Forty-eight postmenopausal women were enrolled and prospectively randomized to receive either HRT or tibolone for 3 months. At the end of the 3-month period, quality of life measures were assessed using the Greene Climacteric Scale and attitudes of sexuality were evaluated using the McCoy Sex Scale. RESULTS Based on subjective qualitative scores, tibolone treatment was at least as effective as continuous combined HRT in improving quality of life. It also effectively prevented withdrawal bleeding, which may occur during HRT use. Compared with continuous combined HRT, tibolone treatment was also associated with perceived improvement of sexual performance, including general sexual satisfaction, sexual interest, sexual fantasies, sexual arousal and orgasm, with decreased frequencies of vaginal dryness and painful intercourse. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that both tibolone and continuous combined HRT have positive effects on the quality of life of Taiwanese postmenopausal women. Sexuality is affected more by tibolone than by HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen WQ, Jin H, Nguyen M, Carr J, Lee YJ, Hsu CC, Faiman MD, Schloss JV, Wu JY. Role of taurine in regulation of intracellular calcium level and neuroprotective function in cultured neurons. J Neurosci Res 2001; 66:612-9. [PMID: 11746381 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity has been implicated as an important mechanism underlying a variety of brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Previously we have shown that taurine has protective effects against glutamate-induced neuronal injury in cultured neurons. Here we propose that the primary underlying mechanism of the neuroprotective function of taurine is due to its action in preventing or reducing glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular free calcium, [Ca(2+)](i). This hypothesis is supported by the following findings. First, taurine transport inhibitors, e.g., guanidinoethyl sulfonate and beta-alanine, have no effect on taurine's neuroprotective function, suggesting that taurine protects against glutamate-induced neuronal damage through its action on the extracellular membranes. Second, glutamate-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) is reduced to the basal level upon addition of taurine. Third, pretreatment of cultured neurons with taurine prevents or greatly suppresses the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by glutamate. Furthermore, taurine was found to inhibit the influx but not the efflux of (45)Ca(2+) in cultured neurons. Taurine has little effect on the binding of [(3)H]glutamate to the agonist binding site and of [(3)H]MDL 105,519 to the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, suggesting that taurine inhibits (45)Ca(2+) influx through other mechanisms, including its inhibitory effect on the reverse mode of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (Wu et al. [2000] In: Taurine 4: taurine and excitable tissues. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p 35-44) rather than serving as an antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Abstract
This study demonstrates the thermoluminescence (TL) response of CaF2:Tm (commercial name TLD-300) to 30-100 keV protons which were generated by means of a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. The phenomenon in which the total thermoluminescent output from CaF2:Tm (TLD-300) decreases with proton energy from 30 to 100 keV (with increase of LET) can be interpreted by the track structure theory (TST). The analysis of the glow peaks: P2 (131 degrees C), P3 (153.5 degrees C) and P6 (259 degrees C), of TLD-300 show the oscillatory decreasing phenomenon as a function of incident proton energy, which can be interpreted with the TST and the oscillatory emission of electrons in a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) that is caused by resonant or quasi-resonant charge transfer in ion-atom interactions in this TLD-300.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Chu
- Department of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Lin YM, Chen CW, Sun HS, Tsai SJ, Hsu CC, Teng YN, Lin JS, Kuo PL. Expression patterns and transcript concentrations of the autosomal DAZL gene in testes of azoospermic men. Mol Hum Reprod 2001; 7:1015-22. [PMID: 11675467 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/7.11.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia) gene cluster on the Y chromosome is a strong candidate for the azoospermia factor. The DAZ gene was derived from an autosomal homologue, DAZL (DAZ-Like). This study was designed to assess the functional role of DAZL in human spermatogenesis. The expression patterns and mRNA transcript levels of DAZL in the testes of 17 azoospermic men were therefore examined by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. DAZL protein was expressed in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes and weakly in spermatogonia. It was detected in the testicular tissues of all subjects with germ cells present. The copy number of the DAZL transcript in normal spermatogenesis (n = 4), hypospermatogenesis or maturation arrest (n = 6), and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (n = 7) ranged from 1.22 x 10(6) to 1.63 x 10(6) per ng of RNA, 1.19 x 10(5) to 2.82 x 10(5) per ng of RNA and 2.83 x 10(4) to 1.23 x 10(5) per ng of RNA respectively. DAZL transcripts were lower in men with spermatogenic failure, and a significant difference was found between the three groups (P < 0.0001). This study suggests that DAZL may play an important role in the human spermatogenic processes of both mitosis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan 704
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Abstract
The stimulatory effect of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) on MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell steroidogenesis was previously demonstrated in our laboratory. In the present studies, we further determined the effect of CS on steroidogenesis in purified normal mouse Leydig cells. Different concentrations of CS (0.1-10 mg/ml) were added to Leydig cells without or with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (50 ng/ml), and the steroid production was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results illustrated that CS stimulated normal mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis in a dose-dependent relationship. CS at 3 mg/ml significantly stimulated testosterone production (p<0.05). Concerning the temporal relationship, CS at 3 mg/ml stimulated maximal testosterone production between 2 to 3 hr. Interestingly, hCG-stimulated testosterone productions were suppressed by CS in a dose-dependent relationship. CS also reduced dbcAMP-stimulated testosterone productions, which indicated that CS affected signal transduction pathway of steroidogenesis after the formation of cyclic AMP. Moreover, cycloheximide inhibited CS-treated mouse Leydig cell testosterone production, suggesting that new protein synthesis was required for CS-stimulated steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsu CC, Lai PH, Lee C, Huang WC. Automated nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Methods Inf Med 2001; 40:331-7. [PMID: 11552346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research is to develop an automatic medical diagnosis for segmenting nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS This system is a multistage process, involving motion correction, head mask generation, dynamic MR data quantitative evaluation, rough segmentation, and rough segmentation refinement. Two approaches, a relative signal increase method and a slope method, are proposed for the quantitative evaluation of dynamic MR data. RESULTS The NPC detection results obtained using the proposed methods had a rating of 85% in match percent compared with these lesions identified by an experienced radiologist. The match percent for the two proposed methods did not have significant differences. However, the computation cost for the slope method was about twelve times faster than the relative signal increase method. CONCLUSIONS The proposed methods can identify the NPC regions quickly and effectively. This system can enhance the performance of clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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You S, Hsu CC, Kim H, Kho Y, Choi YJ, El Halawani ME, Farris J, Foster DN. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the turkey vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2001; 124:53-65. [PMID: 11703071 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor whose activity in avian species is believed to be mediated by a specific VIP receptor (VIP-R). Circulating PRL levels are closely related to hypothalamic VIP immunoreactivity, hypothalamic VIP mRNA content, and hypophysial-portal blood VIP concentrations in turkeys. In the present study, a turkey VIP-R (tVIP-R) cDNA was cloned and its mRNA abundance was quantified in various tissues during different reproductive stages. The 2347-bp tVIP-R cDNA encoded a 457 amino acid protein, with a predicted Mr of 52 kDa. The full-length cDNA shares approximately 55% similarity with the mammalian VIP receptor-1. Northern blot analysis revealed that a major 2.7-kb transcript was expressed in laying hen pituitaries. Furthermore, two minor tVIP-R transcripts of 3.7 and 3.4 kb were observed. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using RNA from various turkey brain and peripheral tissues throughout the reproductive cycle. The steady-state levels of pituitary tVIP-R mRNA changed during the reproductive cycle, whereas mRNA expression in other tissues was not affected. The steady-state levels of tVIP-R mRNA were only affected in the pituitary, whereas mRNA expression in any of the other tissues examined following the immunization of turkeys against VIP were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S You
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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