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von Hessert-Vaudoncourt C, Lelek S, Geisler C, Hartung T, Bröker V, Briest F, Mochmann L, Jost-Brinkmann F, Sedding D, Benecke J, Freitag H, Wolfshöfer S, Lammert H, Nölting S, Hummel M, Schrader J, Grabowski P. Concomitant inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways boosts antiproliferative effects of lanreotide in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumor cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308686. [PMID: 38375032 PMCID: PMC10875132 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) are commonly used in the treatment of hormone hypersecretion in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), however the extent to which they inhibit proliferation is much discussed. Objective: We studied the antiproliferative effects of novel SSA lanreotide in bronchopulmonary NETs (BP-NETs). We focused on assessing whether pretreating cells with inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target for rapamycin (mTOR) could enhance the antiproliferative effects of lanreotide. Methods: BP-NET cell lines NCI-H720 and NCI-H727 were treated with PI3K inhibitor BYL719 (alpelisib), mTOR inhibitor everolimus and SSA lanreotide to determine the effect on NET differentiation markers, cell survival, proliferation and alterations in cancer-associated pathways. NT-3 cells, previously reported to express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) natively, were used as control for SSTR expression. Results: SSTR2 was upregulated in NCI-H720 and NT-3 cells upon treatment with BYL719. Additionally, combination treatment consisting of BYL719 and everolimus plus lanreotide tested in NCI-H720 and NCI-H727 led to diminished cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Production of proteins activating cell death mechanisms was also induced. Notably, a multiplexed gene expression analysis performed on NCI-H720 revealed that BYL719 plus lanreotide had a stronger effect on the downregulation of mitogens than lanreotide alone. Discussion/Conclusion: We report a widespread analysis of changes in BP-NET cell lines at the genetic/protein expression level in response to combination of lanreotide with pretreatment consisting of BYL719 and everolimus. Interestingly, SSTR expression reinduction could be exploited in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The overall results of this study support the evaluation of combination-based therapies using lanreotide in preclinical studies to further increase its antiproliferative effect and ultimately facilitate its use in high-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Lelek
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Geisler
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Hartung
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Bröker
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Briest
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliana Mochmann
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Jost-Brinkmann
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Sedding
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joana Benecke
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helma Freitag
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfshöfer
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig Lammert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- I. Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Grabowski
- Medical Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Krusche M, Schneider U, Geisler C, Keller S, Stenzel W, Ohrndorf S. [Myofasciitis under nivolumab treatment]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:884-888. [PMID: 33885949 PMCID: PMC8575749 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-021-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 73-year-old female patient with malignant melanoma who developed rapidly progressive dermatosclerosis of the arms and legs as well as myalgia and flexion contractures during treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. The diagnosis of a myofasciitis was confirmed by imaging and biopsy. Following consultation with the treating dermato-oncologists nivolumab treatment was paused and treatment with methotrexate and prednisolone was initiated. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce a variety of immune-mediated side effects and can also imitate symptoms of rheumatological diseases. The occurrence of myofasciitis under immune checkpoint inhibition has been reported in the literature only in a few cases. Further oncological and rheumatological treatment management should be carried out in close interdisciplinary coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krusche
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - U Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Geisler
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Keller
- Klinik für Radiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - W Stenzel
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Ohrndorf
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Volkert D, Visser M, Corish CA, Geisler C, de Groot L, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Lohrmann C, O'Connor EM, Schindler K, de van der Schueren MAE. Joint action malnutrition in the elderly (MaNuEL) knowledge hub: summary of project findings. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 11:169-177. [PMID: 32297234 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Joint Action Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) Knowledge Hub was established to extend scientific knowledge, strengthen evidence-based practice, build a sustainable, transnational network of experts and harmonize research and clinical practice in the field of protein-energy malnutrition in older persons. This paper aims to summarize the main scientific results achieved during the 2-year project and to outline the recommendations derived. METHODS 22 research groups from seven countries (Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, The Netherlands and New Zealand) worked together on 6 relevant domains of malnutrition-i.e. prevalence, screening, determinants, treatment, policy measures and education for health care professionals-making use of existing datasets, evidence and expert knowledge. RESULTS Four systematic reviews, six secondary data analyses of existing cohort and intervention studies, two web-based surveys and one Delphi study were performed. In addition, a scoring system to rate malnutrition screening tools and a theoretical framework on the aetiology of malnutrition in older persons were developed. Based on these activities and taking existing evidence into consideration, 13 clinical practice, 9 research and 4 policy recommendations were developed. The MaNuEL Toolbox was created and made available to effectively distribute and disseminate the MaNuEL results and recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The MaNuEL Knowledge Hub successfully achieved its aims. Results and recommendations will support researchers, healthcare professionals, policy-makers as well as educational institutes to advance their efforts in tackling the increasing problem of protein-energy malnutrition in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - M Visser
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A Corish
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Geisler
- Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel, Germany
| | - L de Groot
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Lohrmann
- Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Simonsen S, Bonefeld CM, Thyssen JP, Christiansen AT, Geisler C, Skov L. No difference in ultraviolet B-induced changes in antigen-presenting cells and cytokines between patients with and without loss-of-function mutations in FLG. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:205-207. [PMID: 29377073 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Simonsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - A T Christiansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Skov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kildegårdsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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Briest F, Grass I, Sedding D, Möbs M, Christen F, Benecke J, Fuchs K, Mende S, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Kunze A, Geisler C, Freitag H, Lewens F, Worpenberg L, Iwaszkiewicz S, Siegmund B, Walther W, Hummel M, Grabowski P. Mechanisms of Targeting the MDM2-p53-FOXM1 Axis in Well-Differentiated Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 107:1-23. [PMID: 28910819 DOI: 10.1159/000481506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The tumor suppressor p53 is rarely mutated in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) but they frequently show a strong expression of negative regulators of p53, rendering these tumors excellent targets for a p53 recovery therapy. Therefore, we analyzed the mechanisms of a p53 recovery therapy on intestinal neuroendocrine tumors in vitro and in vivo. METHODS By Western blot and immunohistochemistry, we found that in GEP-NEN biopsy material overexpression of MDM2 was present in intestinal NEN. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of a small-molecule inhibitor, nutlin-3a, in p53 wild-type and mutant GEP-NEN cell lines by proliferation assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and by multiplex gene expression analysis. Finally, we analyzed the antitumor effect of nutlin-3a in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. During the study, the tumor volume was determined. RESULTS The midgut wild-type cell line KRJ-I responded to the treatment with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. By gene expression analysis, we could demonstrate that nutlins reactivated an antiproliferative p53 response. KRJ-I-derived xenograft tumors showed a significantly decreased tumor growth upon treatment with nutlin-3a in vivo. Furthermore, our data suggest that MDM2 also influences the expression of the oncogene FOXM1 in a p53-independent manner. Subsequently, a combined treatment of nutlin-3a and cisplatin (as chemoresistance model) resulted in synergistically enhanced antiproliferative effects. CONCLUSION In summary, MDM2 overexpression is a frequent event in p53 wild-type intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and therefore recovery of a p53 response might be a novel personalized treatment approach in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Müller
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Geisler
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Kiel, Germany
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Geisler C, Schweitzer L, Müller M. SUN-P173: Functional Correlates of Detailed Body Composition in Healthy Elderly (65+). Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hübers M, Pourhassan M, Braun W, Geisler C, Müller MJ. Definition of new cut-offs of BMI and waist circumference based on body composition and insulin resistance: differences between children, adolescents and adults. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:272-281. [PMID: 29071103 PMCID: PMC5598017 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine associations between anthropometric traits, regional fat depots and insulin resistance in children, adolescents and adults to define new cut‐offs of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC). Design Cross‐sectional data were assessed in 433 children, adolescents and adults (aged: 6–60 years, BMI: 23.6 [21.0–27.7] kg m−2). Total adipose tissue (TAT), regional subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATtotal, SATtrunk) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined by whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging, fat mass by air‐displacement plethysmography. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Bivariate as well as partial correlations and regression analyses were used. Cut‐off values of BMI and WC related to regional fat depots and HOMA‐IR were analysed by receiver operating characteristics curve. Results In adults, TAT, SATtotal and SATtrunk increased linearly with increasing BMI and WC, whereas they followed a cubic function in children and adolescents with a steep increase at BMI and WC ≥1 standard deviation score and VAT at WC ≥2 standard deviation score. Sex differences were apparent in adults with women having higher masses of TAT and SAT and men having higher VAT. Using established BMI or WC cut‐offs, correspondent masses of TAT, SATtotal, SATtrunk and VAT increased from childhood to adulthood. In all age groups, there were positive associations between BMI, WC, SATtrunk, VAT and HOMA‐IR. When compared with normative cut‐offs of BMI or WC, HOMA‐IR‐derived cut‐offs of regional fat depots were lower in all age groups. Conclusions Associations between BMI, WC and regional fat depots varied between children, adolescents, young and older adults. When compared with BMI‐derived and WC‐derived values, an insulin resistance‐derived cut‐off corresponded to lower masses of regional fat depots. Thus, established BMI and WC cut‐offs are not appropriate to assess metabolic disturbances associated with obesity; therefore, new cut‐offs of BMI and WC are needed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hübers
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
| | - M Pourhassan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - W Braun
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
| | - C Geisler
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
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Visser M, Volkert D, Corish C, Geisler C, de Groot LC, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Lohrmann C, O'Connor EM, Schindler K, de van der Schueren MA. Tackling the increasing problem of malnutrition in older persons: The Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL) Knowledge Hub. NUTR BULL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Visser
- VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - D. Volkert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany
| | - C. Corish
- University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - C. Geisler
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität; Kiel Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. A. de van der Schueren
- VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Müller MJ, Geisler C. From the past to future: from energy expenditure to energy intake to energy expenditure. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:358-364. [PMID: 27901032 PMCID: PMC5518173 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although most recent research on energy balance focusses on energy intake (EI) there is still need to think about both sides of the energy balance. Current research on energy expenditure (EE) relates to metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance, mitochondrial metabolism associated with aging, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, the role of EE in hunger and appetite control, non-shivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue activity, cellular bioenergetics as a target of obesity treatment and the evolutionary and ecological determinants of EE in humans and other primates. As far as regulation of energy balance is concerned there is recent evidence that EE rather than body weight is under tight control. Biologically, EE is maintained within a narrow physiological range. An EE-set point has been proposed as the width between the upper and lower boundaries of the individual EE range. Regulation of EE may fail in very obese patients with an EI above their upper boundary and after drastic weight loss when patients may go far below their lower EE boundary and thus are loosing control. In population studies, fat-free mass (FFM) and its composition (that is, the proportion of high to low metabolic rate organs) are major determinants of EE. It is tempting to speculate that tight biologic control of EE is related to brain energy need, which is preserved at the cost of peripheral metabolism. There is a moderate heritability of EE, which is independent of the heritability of FFM. In future, metabolic phenotyping should focus on the EE-FFM relationship rather than on EE-values alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Müller
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Geisler
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Schwensen J, Menné Bonefeld C, Zachariae C, Agerbeck C, Petersen T, Geisler C, Bollmann U, Bester K, Johansen J. Cross‐reactivity between methylisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone and benzisothiazolinone using a modified local lymph node assay. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:176-183. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Schwensen
- National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårds Allé 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - C. Menné Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Zachariae
- Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårds Allé 2900 Hellerup Denmark
| | - C. Agerbeck
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T.H. Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - U.E. Bollmann
- Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - K. Bester
- Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - J.D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Kildegårds Allé 2900 Hellerup Denmark
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da Cunha-Bang C, Simonsen J, Rostgaard K, Geisler C, Hjalgrim H, Niemann CU. Improved survival for patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of chemo-immunotherapy: a Danish population-based study of 10455 patients. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e499. [PMID: 27834937 PMCID: PMC5148052 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is in rapid transition, and during recent decades both combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been introduced. To evaluate the effects of this development, we identified all CLL patients registered in the nation-wide Danish Cancer Register between 1978 and 2013. We identified 10 455 CLL patients and 508 995 CLL-free control persons from the general population. Compared with the latter, the relative mortality rate between CLL patients and their controls decreased from 3.4 (95% CI 3.2-3.6) to 1.9 (95% CI 1.7-2.1) for patients diagnosed in 1978-1984 and 2006-2013, respectively. The improved survival corresponded to a decreasing risk of death from malignant hematological diseases, whereas the risk of death from infections was stable during the study period. These population-based data substantiate the improved survival for patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy demonstrated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C da Cunha-Bang
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Simonsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut - SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut - SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Geisler
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Hjalgrim
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut - SSI, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C U Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dyring-Andersen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - M M Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Skov
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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15
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Schweitzer L, Geisler C, Johannsen M, Glüer CC, Müller MJ. Associations between body composition, physical capabilities and pulmonary function in healthy older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:389-394. [PMID: 27507070 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There are positive associations between pulmonary function (PF) and fat-free mass as well as muscle strength. Contrarily, negative associations were found with indirect measures of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). We aimed to differentiate between associations of body composition and PF by assessing mediating and moderating effects of physical capabilities. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional data were assessed among 40 healthy, free-living elderly (20 males) aged 65.1-81.2 years (mean±s.d. age: 72.2±4.3 years; body mass index: 25.6±3.7 kg/m2). Total and regional skeletal muscle (SM), and adipose tissue (AT) were measured using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle strength by handgrip dynamometry, physical activity (PA) by questionnaire, and physical performance by gait speed and sit-to-stand test (STS). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were assessed by spirometry. RESULTS Positive associations between height-standardized FVC (FVCI) as well as FEV1 (FEVI), and SM (r=0.435-0.520, P<0.05) were found; subcutaneous AT (SAT) and FVCI correlated negatively (r=-0.374; P<0.05). HGS and PA correlated positively with FEVI (r=0.456-0.608, P<0.05), HGS also with FVCI (r=0.595, P<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression using FVCI and FEVI as dependent variables, and total/thoracic SM, VAT, SAT, HGS, PA and physical performance as independent variables showed that (i) only HGS entered the regression for predicting FVCI (R2=0.351; standard error of estimation (SEE)=0.32 l), and (ii) HGS and PA explained 50% of FEVI (SEE=0.23 l). HGS mediated the relationship between SM and PF; the STS moderated the relationship between SM and FVCI. CONCLUSIONS In healthy elderly, PF is positively associated with SM; physical capabilities mediate and moderate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schweitzer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Geisler
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Johannsen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - C-C Glüer
- Clinic for Diagnostic Radiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Bonefeld C, Petersen T, Bandier J, Agerbeck C, Linneberg A, Ross-Hansen K, Stender S, Szecsi P, Johansen J, Geisler C, Thyssen J. Epidermal filaggrin deficiency mediates increased systemic T-helper 17 immune response. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:706-12. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - T.H. Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. Bandier
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
| | - C. Agerbeck
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - A. Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health; the Capital Region of Denmark; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research; Copenhagen University Hospital; Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - K. Ross-Hansen
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
| | - S. Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
| | - P.B. Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
| | - J.D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
| | - C. Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J.P. Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre; Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup Denmark
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17
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Dyring-Andersen B, Bonefeld CM, Bzorek M, Løvendorf MB, Lauritsen JPH, Skov L, Geisler C. The Vitamin D Analogue Calcipotriol Reduces the Frequency of CD8+ IL-17+ T Cells in Psoriasis Lesions. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:84-91. [PMID: 25904071 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D analogue calcipotriol is an immunomodulatory drug widely used to treat psoriasis; however, how calcipotriol affects the immune cells in psoriasis lesions is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcipotriol on the frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and their production of IL-17A, IFN-γ and IL-22 in psoriasis lesions in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Eighteen patients with psoriasis were included, and two similar psoriasis lesions were chosen for each patient. One lesion was treated with calcipotriol (50 μg/g) and the other with vehicle twice a day for 14 days. The clinical effect was measured by degree of erythema, scaling and induration in each lesion (SUM score). Skin biopsies were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Skin-derived cells were isolated and analysed by flow cytometry. After 14 days of treatment with calcipotriol, a significant clinical and histological effect was seen; however, we found no differences in the frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells or ILC between calcipotriol- and vehicle-treated skin. The main finding was a significant decrease in CD8(+) IL-17(+) T cells in skin-derived cells from calcipotriol-treated skin, which was further supported by the absence of CD8(+) IL-17(+) T cells in immunohistochemical staining of calcipotriol-treated skin. No changes in the frequency of IL-22(+) or IFN-γ(+) cells were observed. Our findings show that the vitamin D analogue calcipotriol reduces the frequency of CD8(+) IL-17(+) T cells in psoriasis lesions concomitant with clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dyring-Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Bzorek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - M B Løvendorf
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - J P H Lauritsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Skov
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - C Geisler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Dreyling M, Geisler C, Hermine O, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Le Gouill S, Rule S, Shpilberg O, Walewski J, Ladetto M. Newly diagnosed and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2015; 25 Suppl 3:iii83-92. [PMID: 25210087 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Geisler
- Hematology Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute and Descartes University, INSERM U1163 and CNRS ERL 8564, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - H C Kluin-Nelemans
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Le Gouill
- Service d'hématologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Rule
- Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - O Shpilberg
- Institute of Hematology, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - J Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute and Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Ladetto
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santi Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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19
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Petersen DL, Krejsgaard T, Berthelsen J, Fredholm S, Willerslev-Olsen A, Sibbesen NA, Bonefeld CM, Andersen MH, Francavilla C, Olsen JV, Hu T, Zhang M, Wasik MA, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase (Blk) is an oncogene and a potential target for therapy with dasatinib in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Leukemia 2014; 28:2109-12. [PMID: 24919804 PMCID: PMC4190403 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Petersen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Krejsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Berthelsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Fredholm
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Willerslev-Olsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N A Sibbesen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Bonefeld
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M H Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hu
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M Zhang
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - M A Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Geisler
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Woetmann
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Odum
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Dyring-Andersen B, Geisler C, Agerbeck C, Lauritsen JPH, Gúdjonsdottir SD, Skov L, Bonefeld CM. Increased number and frequency of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in nonlesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:609-16. [PMID: 24125475 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects the skin and joints. The interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17A axis and IL-22 play key roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. IL-23-responsive innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) with a high capacity to produce IL-17 and/or IL-22 have recently been identified and associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. The occurrence and role of ILCs in human skin are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of the different ILC subpopulations in skin from healthy controls and patients with psoriasis or allergy to nickel. METHODS Skin biopsies were taken from healthy skin, nonlesional and lesional psoriatic skin, and nickel- and petrolatum-exposed skin from patients with contact allergy to nickel, and lymphocytes were isolated. The cells were stained and characterized by flow cytometry. Cytokine and ligand mRNA expression were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found that members of the three groups of ILCs were present in human skin. Remarkably, the number and frequency of RORγt(+) CD56(+) ILC3s, which are known to produce IL-22, were elevated in both nonlesional and lesional skin from patients with psoriasis compared with healthy skin and skin from patients with contact allergy to nickel. Furthermore, skin ILCs expressed high levels of the natural killer receptor NKG2D. NKG2D binds to stress-induced ligands, including major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A, which we found to be strongly upregulated in lesional skin from patients with psoriasis. CONCLUSION These results show that ILCs are present in human skin and indicate that RORγt(+) CD56(+) ILC3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dyring-Andersen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Niels Andersens Vej 65, DK-2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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21
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Schmidt J, Johansen J, Nielsen M, Zimersson E, Svedman C, Bruze M, Engkilde K, Poulsen S, Geisler C, Bonefeld C. Immune responses to hair dyes containing toluene‐2,5‐diamine. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:352-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.D. Schmidt
- Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
- National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
| | - J.D. Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
| | - M.M. Nielsen
- Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
| | - E. Zimersson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Malmo University Hospital Malmo Sweden
| | - C. Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Malmo University Hospital Malmo Sweden
| | - M. Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Malmo University Hospital Malmo Sweden
| | - K. Engkilde
- National Allergy Research Centre Department of Dermato‐Allergology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
| | - S.S. Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Geisler
- Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
| | - C.M. Bonefeld
- Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte Denmark
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22
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Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is the term for diseases characterized by primary accumulation of malignant T cells in the skin. Patients with the two predominant clinical forms of CTCL called mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) characteristically develop severe immunodeficiency during disease progression and consequently patients with advanced disease frequently die of infections and not from the tumor burden. For decades, it has been suspected that the malignant T cells actively drive the evolving immunodeficiency to avoid antitumor immunity, yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The identification of a subset of highly immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) triggered a variety of studies investigating if MF and SS are malignant proliferations of Tregs but seemingly discordant findings have been reported. Here, we review the literature to clarify the role of Tregs in MF and SS and discuss the potential mechanisms driving the immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krejsgaard
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Rubin IMC, Dabelsteen S, Nielsen MM, White IR, Johansen JD, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. Repeated exposure to hair dye induces regulatory T cells in mice. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:992-8. [PMID: 20716223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown that commercial p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dyes are potent immune activators that lead to severe contact hypersensitivity in an animal model. However, only a minority of people exposed to permanent hair dyes develops symptomatic contact hypersensitivity. This suggests that the majority of people exposed to hair dyes does not become sensitized or develop immunological tolerance. OBJECTIVES To study the immune response in mice repeatedly exposed to PPD-containing hair dye in a consumer-like manner. METHODS A commercial hair dye containing PPD was tested in C57BL/6 mice. The local immune response was measured by ear swelling and by histological examinations. The immune response in the draining lymph nodes was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The hair dye induced local inflammation as seen by swelling and cell infiltration of the treated ears. In addition, exposure to hair dye caused T-cell activation as seen by T-cell proliferation and production of interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 within the draining lymph nodes. The inflammatory response peaked at the fourth exposure to hair dye. From this point on, an upregulation of regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing cells was seen. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PPD-containing hair dyes strongly affect the immune system. In addition to being potent skin sensitizers that activate inflammatory T cells, hair dyes also induce anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This might explain why many consumers can use hair dyes repeatedly without developing noticeable allergies, but it also raises the question whether the immune modulatory effects of hair dyes might influence the development of autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M C Rubin
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Kopp KLM, Dabelsteen S, Krejsgaard T, Eriksen KW, Geisler C, Becker JC, Wasik M, Ødum N, Woetmann A. COX-2 is a novel target in therapy of mycosis fungoides. Leukemia 2010; 24:2127-9. [PMID: 20882047 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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25
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Kristiansen G, Rose M, Geisler C, Fritzsche FR, Gerhardt J, Lüke C, Ladhoff AM, Knüchel R, Dietel M, Moch H, Varga Z, Theurillat JP, Gorr TA, Dahl E. Endogenous myoglobin in human breast cancer is a hallmark of luminal cancer phenotype. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:1736-45. [PMID: 20531416 PMCID: PMC2883703 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to clarify the incidence and the clinicopathological value of non-muscle myoglobin (Mb) in a large cohort of non-invasive and invasive breast cancer cases. Methods: Matched pairs of breast tissues from 10 patients plus 17 breast cell lines were screened by quantitative PCR for Mb mRNA. In addition, 917 invasive and 155 non-invasive breast cancer cases were analysed by immunohistochemistry for Mb expression and correlated to clinicopathological parameters and basal molecular characteristics including oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)/progesteron receptor (PR)/HER2, fatty acid synthase (FASN), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), HIF-2α, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). The spatial relationship of Mb and ERα or FASN was followed up by double immunofluorescence. Finally, the effects of estradiol treatment and FASN inhibition on Mb expression in breast cancer cells were analysed. Results: Myoglobin mRNA was found in a subset of breast cancer cell lines; in microdissected tumours Mb transcript was markedly upregulated. In all, 71% of tumours displayed Mb protein expression in significant correlation with a positive hormone receptor status and better prognosis. In silico data mining confirmed higher Mb levels in luminal-type breast cancer. Myoglobin was also correlated to FASN, HIF-2α and CAIX, but not to HIF-1α or GLUT1, suggesting hypoxia to participate in its regulation. Double immunofluorescence showed a cellular co-expression of ERα or FASN and Mb. In addition, Mb levels were modulated on estradiol treatment and FASN inhibition in a cell model. Conclusion: We conclude that in breast cancer, Mb is co-expressed with ERα and co-regulated by oestrogen signalling and can be considered a hallmark of luminal breast cancer phenotype. This and its possible new role in fatty acid metabolism may have fundamental implications for our understanding of Mb in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kristiansen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Pettengell R, Schmitz N, Gisselbrecht C, Caballero D, Colombat P, Conde E, Metzner B, Walewski JA, Geisler C, Goldstone A. Randomized study of rituximab in patients with relapsed or resistant follicular lymphoma prior to high-dose therapy as in vivo purging and to maintain remission following high-dose therapy. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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27
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Jerkeman M, Kolstad A, Laurell A, Räty R, Gr∅nbæk K, Geisler C. Lenalidomide, bendamustine, and rituximab as first-line therapy for patients > 65 years with mantle cell lymphoma: The Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL4 (LENA-BERIT) trial. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Johnsen HE, Geisler C, Juvonen E, Remes K, Juliusson G, Hörnsten P, Kvaloy S, Kvalheim G, Jürgensen GW, Pedersen LM, Bergmann OJ, Schmitz A, Boegsted M. Priming with r-metHuSCF and filgrastim or chemotherapy and filgrastim in patients with malignant lymphomas: a randomized phase II pilot study of mobilization and engraftment. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:44-51. [PMID: 20436517 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCF has been shown to synergize with G-CSF to mobilize CD34(+) PBPCs. In this study we report results from this combination after a phase II trial of 32 patients with malignant lymphoma randomized to receive recombinant methionyl human SCF (ancestim, r-metHuSCF) in combination with recombinant methionyl human G-CSF (filgrastim, r-metHuG-CSF) (experimental arm A) or routine chemotherapy plus filgrastim (conventional arm B). The primary objective was to evaluate the side effects and toxicity during priming and mobilization. The secondary objectives were efficacy by the level of blood-circulating PBPCs, the number of harvest days and the time to three-lineage engraftment after autografting. First, during priming 5 patients had 8 serious events, 4 in each arm. A summary of all adverse events revealed 30 (94%) patients suffering from 132 events of all grading. Second, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was documented in arm B. Third, 9/14 (64%) patients in arm A reached the target of 5 million CD34(+) cells/kg body weight (bw) compared with 13/15 (87%) in arm B. The results represent the first randomized trial of growth factor plus chemotherapy priming and indicate that a formal phase III trial very unlikely may challenge chemotherapy plus r-metHuG-CSF priming in candidates for high-dose therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Johnsen
- Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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29
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Kopp KLM, Kauczok CS, Lauenborg B, Krejsgaard T, Eriksen KW, Zhang Q, Wasik MA, Geisler C, Ralfkiaer E, Becker JC, Ødum N, Woetmann A. COX-2-dependent PGE(2) acts as a growth factor in mycosis fungoides (MF). Leukemia 2010; 24:1179-85. [PMID: 20428208 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer often originates from a site of persistent inflammation, and the mechanisms turning chronic inflammation into a driving force of carcinogenesis are intensely investigated. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible key modulator of inflammation that carries out the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin synthesis. Aberrant COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production have been implicated in tumorigenesis. In this study we show that COX-2 is ectopically expressed in malignant T-cell lines from patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as in situ in lymphocytic cells in 21 out of 22 patients suffering from mycosis fungoides (MF) in plaque or tumor stage. COX-2 is not expressed in lymphocytes of 11 patients with patch-stage MF, whereas sporadic COX-2 staining of stromal cells is observed in the majority of patients. COX-2 expression correlates with a constitutive production of PGE(2) in malignant T cells in vitro. These cells express prostaglandin receptors EP3 and EP4 and the receptor antagonist as well as small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against COX-2, and specific COX-2 inhibitors strongly reduce their spontaneous proliferation. In conclusion, our data indicate that COX-2 mediated PGE(2) exerts an effect as a tumor growth factor in MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L M Kopp
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Österborg A, Foà R, Bezares RF, Dearden C, Dyer MJS, Geisler C, Lin TS, Montillo M, van Oers MHJ, Wendtner CM, Rai KR. Management guidelines for the use of alemtuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2009; 23:1980-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Bonefeld C, Larsen J, Dabelsteen S, Geisler C, White I, Menné T, Johansen J. Consumer available permanent hair dye products cause major allergic immune activation in an animal model. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:102-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Hansen MM, Andersen E, Birgens H, Christensen BE, Christensen TG, Geisler C, Meldgaard K, Pedersen D. CHOP Versus Chlorambucil + Prednisolone in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 5 Suppl 1:97-100. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199109103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Geisler C, Hansen MM. B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: recent concepts in classification and treatment. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2009; 48:31-7. [PMID: 3073958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1989.tb01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Geisler C, Ralfkiaer E, Astrup L, Christensen I, Dickmeiss E, Hansen MM, Larsen JK, Petersen J, Plesner T. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia of T Cell Origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1983.tb01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Rath J, Geisler C, Christiansen CB, Hastrup N, Madsen HO, Andersen MK, Pedersen LB, Jurlander J. Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is a potentially severe complication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with poor prognostic biological markers and fludarabine refractory disease. Haematologica 2008; 93:1424-6. [DOI: 10.3324/haematol.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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36
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Bosy-Westphal A, Onur S, Geisler C, Wolf A, Korth O, Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J, Krawczak M, Müller MJ. Common familial influences on clustering of metabolic syndrome traits with central obesity and insulin resistance: the Kiel obesity prevention study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 31:784-90. [PMID: 17047637 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotypic heterogeneity of metabolic syndrome (MSX) suggests heterogeneity of the underlying genotype. The aim of the present study was to examine the common genetic background that contributes to the clustering between the two main features (insulin resistance, central obesity) and different MSX component traits. METHODS In all, 492 individuals from 90 families were investigated in a three-generation family path study as part of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS, 162 grandparents, 66.1+/-6.7 years, 173 parents, 41.3+/-5.4 years and 157 children, 10.8+/-3.4 years). Overall heritability was estimated and common familial (genetic and environmental) influences on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) or central obesity (elevated waist circumference, WC), respectively, and different MSX traits were compared in a bivariate cross-trait correlation model. RESULTS Prevalence of MSX (according to NCEP criteria) was 27.2% (f) and 27.8% (m) in adults and 3.5% (f) and 8.5% (m) in children and adolescents, respectively. MSX phenotype was found to be highly variable, comprising 16 subtypes of component trait combinations. Within-trait heritability was 38.5% for HOMA-IR and 53.5% for WC, cross-trait heritability was 53.4%. As much as 6-18% and 3-10% of the shared variance between different MSX component traits (lipid profile, blood pressure) and WC or HOMA-IR, respectively, may be genetic. With the exception of HDL-C, the shared genetic variance between MSX component traits and WC was higher than the genetic variance shared with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION A common genetic background contributes to the clustering of different MSX component traits and central obesity or insulin resistance. Common genetic influences favour central obesity as a major characteristic linking these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
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37
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Bosy-Westphal A, Geisler C, Onur S, Korth O, Selberg O, Schrezenmeir J, Müller MJ. Value of body fat mass vs anthropometric obesity indices in the assessment of metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:475-83. [PMID: 16261188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the value of body fat mass (%FM) to indirect measures of general (body mass index (BMI)) and central adiposity (waist circumference (WC); waist-to-height ratio (WC/ht)) for the prediction of overweight- and obesity-related metabolic risk in a study population with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MSX). METHODS BMI, WC, WC/ht, body composition (by air-displacement plethysmography) and metabolic risk factors: triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid, systolic blood pressure (BPsys), insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 335 adults (191 women, 144 men; mean age 53 +/-13.9 years, prevalence of MSX 30%). RESULTS When compared with BMI and WC, %FM showed weaker associations with metabolic risk factors, except for CRP and BPsys in men. In women, HDL-C and HOMA-IR showed the closest correlations with BMI. For all other risk factors, WC or WC/ht were the best predictors in both sexes. Differences in the strength of correlations between an obesity index and different risk factors exceeded the differences observed between all obesity indices within one risk factor. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, WC/ht was the main predictor of metabolic risk in both sexes combined. However, analysis of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves for prediction of the prevalence of >or=2 component traits of the MSX revealed a similar accuracy of all obesity indices. CONCLUSIONS At the population level, measurement of body FM has no advantage over BMI and WC in the prediction of obesity-related metabolic risk. Although measures of central adiposity (WC, WC/ht) tended to show closer associations with risk factors than measures of general adiposity, the differences were small and depended on the type of risk factor and sex, suggesting an equivalent value of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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38
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Brender C, Lovato P, Sommer VH, Woetmann A, Mathiesen AM, Geisler C, Wasik M, Ødum N. Constitutive SOCS-3 expression protects T-cell lymphoma against growth inhibition by IFNα. Leukemia 2004; 19:209-13. [PMID: 15618960 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 is constitutively activated in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), where it protects tumour cells against apoptosis. The constitutive activation of Stat3 leads to a constitutive expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3. In healthy cells, SOCS-3 is transiently expressed following cytokine stimulation and functions as a negative feedback inhibitor of the Stat3-activating kinases. Here, we attempt to resolve the apparent paradox of a simultaneous SOCS-3 expression and Stat3 activation in the same cells. We show that (i) SOCS-3 expression in tumour cells is equal to or higher than in cytokine-stimulated nonmalignant T cells, (ii) SOCS-3 is not mutated in CTCL, (iii) overexpression of SOCS-3 blocks IFNalpha-mediated growth inhibition without affecting Stat3 activation, growth, and apoptosis, and (iv) inhibition of SOCS-3 by a dominant negative Stat3 (Stat3D) increases the IFNalpha-mediated growth inhibition. Taken together, these data show that SOCS-3 does not inhibit Stat3 activation, growth, and survival in CTCL. In contrast, SOCS3 protects tumour cells against growth inhibition by IFNalpha. Unlike SOCS-1, SOCS-3 is therefore not a tumour suppressor but rather a protector of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brender
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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39
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Rasmussen AB, Zocca MB, Bonefeld CM, von Essen M, Lauritsen JPH, Tomra S, Ødum N, Geisler C. Proteasomal Targeting and Minigene Repetition Improve Cell-Surface Presentation of a Transfected, Modified Melanoma Tumour Antigen. Scand J Immunol 2004; 59:220-7. [PMID: 14871300 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma antigen recognized by T cell 1 (MART-1) is regarded as a candidate peptide for vaccination against malignant melanoma, and it is of importance to develop strategies to improve the vaccine-elicited T-cell activation towards MART-1. T-cell activation is, among other determinants, dependent on the density of specific major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell. In this study, we explored the cell-surface presentation of a substituted MART-1 peptide encoded by transfected minigenes. We investigated the potential of proteasomal targeting compared to non-proteasomal targeting of the epitope to increase its cell-surface presentation. Furthermore, we explored the potential of incorporating multiple minigenes instead of one to increase cell-surface presentation. We show that both proteasomal targeting and repetition of the minigene increase cell-surface presentation of the epitope and propose both these approaches as potential strategies in DNA vaccines to increase MART-1-specific T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Rasmussen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Kastrup J, Pedersen LØ, Dietrich J, Lauritsen JPH, Menné C, Geisler C. In vitro production and characterization of partly assembled human CD3 complexes. Scand J Immunol 2002; 56:436-42. [PMID: 12410792 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pairwise assembly of human CD3 chains takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of T cells. Subsequently, the CD3 heterodimers form complexes with Ti alpha and Tiss chains forming hexameric Ti alpha beta CD3 gamma epsilon delta epsilon complexes. Finally, association with the zeta 2 homodimer occurs in Golgi apparatus before the fully assembled T-cell receptor is transported to the cell surface. To study the structural properties of the human CD3 chains, we have developed new methods to produce and fold the extracellular domains of CD3 gamma, CD3 delta and CD3 epsilon. Proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli as denatured chains and de novo folded in vitro. CD3 gamma and CD3 epsilon folded as soluble monomers, whereas CD3 delta did not yield any soluble proteins. When folding the chains pairwise, soluble CD3 gamma epsilon and CD3 delta epsilon heterodimers could be isolated, whereas CD3 gamma delta heterodimers were not produced. Using antibodies as structural probes, we identified two different types of antigenic epitopes that were dependent on heterodimerization. Our data indicate that CD3 epsilon undergoes a conformational change after dimerization with CD3 gamma or CD3 delta. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CD3 gamma epsilon heterodimer could be purified using immunoaffinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kastrup
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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41
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Faist V, Lindenmeier M, Geisler C, Erbersdobler HF, Hofmann T. Influence of molecular weight fractions isolated from roasted malt on the enzyme activities of NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:602-606. [PMID: 11804536 DOI: 10.1021/jf010879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, water-soluble nonenzymatic browning products (melanoidins) formed in roasted malt were separated, quantified, and investigated for their effects on detoxifying mechanisms in intestinal Caco-2 cells. The melanoidins were prepared from roasted malt by hot water extraction, and the water-soluble compounds were separated into different molecular weight (MW) fractions by gel filtration chromatography. By monitoring the effluent at 300 nm, seven molecular fractions I-VII were consecutively collected, revealing that approximately 2.3% of the water-soluble compounds had mean MWs between 10000 and 30000 Da. Thus, the bulk of water-soluble malt melanoidins consisted of MW > 30000 Da, among which approximately 58% showed mean MWs between 60000 Da and 100000 Da, whereas approximately 32% exhibited mean MWs of 200000 Da. Biotransformation enzyme activities of NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase (CCR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were analyzed in Caco-2 Cells after 48 h of exposure to the different MW fractions. The low MW fraction of 10000 Da was most effective in activating the CCR and the GST activities (+122 and +33% vs control, respectively). The majority of the mid molecular weight compounds tested showed an activating effect on CCR activity and an inhibitory effect on GST activity. These effects were most pronounced for compounds of up to 70000 Da and >200000 Da but less distinct for fractions of an average molecular weight of 100000 Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Faist
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Duesternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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42
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Abstract
To address the molecular mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we have formulated a model for T cell activation, termed the 2D-affinity model, in which the density of TCR on the T cell surface, the density of ligand on the presenting surface, and their corresponding two-dimensional affinity determine the level of T cell activation. When fitted to T cell responses against purified ligands immobilized on plastic surfaces, the 2D-affinity model adequately simulated changes in cellular activation as a result of varying ligand affinity and ligand density. These observations further demonstrated the importance of receptor cross-linking density in determining TCR signaling. Moreover, it was found that the functional two-dimensional affinity of TCR ligands was affected by the chemical composition of the ligand-presenting surface. This makes it possible that cell-bound TCR ligands, despite their low affinity in solution, are of optimal two-dimensional affinity thereby allowing effective TCR binding under physiological conditions, i.e. at low ligand densities in cellular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Andersen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Institute, Bldg. 24.2, Blegdamsvej 3C, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
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43
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Andersen PS, Geisler C, Buus S, Mariuzza RA, Karjalainen K. Role of the T cell receptor ligand affinity in T cell activation by bacterial superantigens. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:33452-7. [PMID: 11397806 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103750200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to native peptide/MHC ligands, bacterial superantigens have been found to bind with low affinity to the T cell receptor (TCR). It has been hypothesized that low ligand affinity is required to allow optimal TCR signaling. To test this, we generated variants of Staphylococcus enterotoxin C3 (SEC3) with up to a 150-fold increase in TCR affinity. By stimulating T cells with SEC3 molecules immobilized onto plastic surfaces, we demonstrate that increasing the affinity of the SEC3/TCR interaction caused a proportional increase in the ability of SEC3 to activate T cells. Thus, the potency of the SEC3 variants correlated with enhanced binding without any optimum in the binding range covered by native TCR ligands. Comparable studies using anti-TCR antibodies of known affinity confirmed these observations. By comparing the biological potency of the two sets of ligands, we found a significant correlation between ligand affinity and ligand potency indicating that it is the density of receptor-ligand complexes in the T cell contact area that determines TCR signaling strength.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drosophila
- Enterotoxins/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Hybridomas/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Andersen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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44
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Brockdorff JL, Gu H, Mustelin T, Kaltoft K, Geisler C, Röpke C, Ødum N. Gab2 is phosphorylated on tyrosine upon interleukin-2/interleukin-15 stimulation in mycosis-fungoides-derived tumor T cells and associates inducibly with SHP-2 and Stat5a. Exp Clin Immunogenet 2001; 18:86-95. [PMID: 11340297 DOI: 10.1159/000049187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) often show abnormal interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor signaling. In this study, we investigated the role of Gab2, a recently identified adaptor molecule involved in IL-2 receptor signaling in CTCLs. We show that Gab2 was transiently phosphorylated by tyrosine in human mycosis fungoides (MF) tumor T cells upon IL-2 stimulation and that SHP2 as well as Stat5a associated inducibly with Gab2. IL-15, but not IL-4, also induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab2, suggesting that the IL-2 receptor beta-chain is important for IL-2-induced Gab2 phosphorylation. Preincubation of cells with the Src family kinase inhibitor, PP1, surprisingly increased the IL-2- and IL-15-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab2, indicating that an Src family kinase member negatively regulates IL-2 receptor signaling in MF T cells. Thus, although Gab2 seems to function normally in MF T cells compared to normal T cells, Gab2 itself might be abnormally regulated by an Src family kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brockdorff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA
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45
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Brender C, Nielsen M, Röpke C, Nissen MH, Svejgaard A, Billestrup N, Geisler C, Ødum N. Interferon-alpha induces transient suppressors of cytokine signalling expression in human T cells. Exp Clin Immunogenet 2001; 18:80-5. [PMID: 11340296 DOI: 10.1159/000049186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins comprise a newly identified family of negative feedback regulators of cytokine signalling. SOCS expression is differentially induced upon cytokine stimulation in different cell types. Here we show that interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is a potent inducer of SOCS expression in human T cells, as high expression of CIS, SOCS-1, SOCS-2, and SOCS-3 was detectable after IFNalpha stimulation. After 4 h of stimulation, CIS, SOCS-1, and SOCS-3 expression had returned to baseline levels, whereas SOCS-2 expression had not declined. In contrast, after IL-2 induction neither CIS, SOCS-1, nor SOCS-2 expression levels declined after 6 h. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that IFNalpha induces SOCS expression in human T cells. Moreover, we show that IFNalpha and IL-2 induce distinct patterns of expression kinetics, suggesting that dynamic changes in cytokine sensitivity might be mediated via induction of SOCS expression with different kinetics in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brender
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Eriksen KW, Kaltoft K, Mikkelsen G, Nielsen M, Zhang Q, Geisler C, Nissen MH, Röpke C, Wasik MA, Odum N. Constitutive STAT3-activation in Sezary syndrome: tyrphostin AG490 inhibits STAT3-activation, interleukin-2 receptor expression and growth of leukemic Sezary cells. Leukemia 2001; 15:787-93. [PMID: 11368440 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a growth factor which upon binding to high-affinity receptors (IL-2Ralphabetagamma) triggers mitogenesis in T cells. IL-2Ralpha expression is restricted to T cells which have recently encountered antigen, and in healthy individuals the majority (>95%) of peripheral T cells are IL-2Ralpha negative. An aberrant expression of IL-2Ralpha has recently been described in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Here, we study the regulation of IL-2Ralpha expression and STATs in a tumor cell line obtained from peripheral blood from a patient with Sezary syndrome (SS), a leukemic variant of CTCL. We show that (1) STAT3 (a transcription factor known to regulate IL-2Ralpha transcription) is constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated in SS tumor cells, but not in non-malignant T cells; (2) STAT3 binds constitutively to a STAT-binding sequence in the promotor of the IL-2Ralpha gene; (3) the Janus kinase inhibitor, tyrphostine AG490, inhibits STAT3 activation, STAT3 DNA binding, and IL-2Ralpha mRNA and protein expression in parallel; and (4) tyrphostine AG490 inhibits IL-2 driven mitogenesis and triggers apoptosis in SS tumor cells. In conclusion, we provide the first example of a constitutive STAT3 activation in SS tumor cells. Moreover, our findings suggest that STAT3 activation might play an important role in the constitutive IL-2Ralpha expression, survival, and growth of malignant SS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Eriksen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Lauritsen JP, Menné C, Kastrup J, Dietrich J, Geisler C. Protein phosphatase 2A isotypes regulate cell surface expression of the T cell receptor. Exp Clin Immunogenet 2001; 18:24-33. [PMID: 11150850 DOI: 10.1159/000049084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying T cell receptor (TCR) down-regulation have been extensively studied during the last decade. Whereas the importance of phosphorylation in this process has been established, it is less certain whether dephosphorylation plays a role in TCR down-regulation. In this study, we show that inhibition of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A family had a biphasic effect on TCR expression. Thus, low concentrations of PP2A inhibitors induced TCR down-regulation, whereas higher concentrations of PP2A inhibitors induced TCR up-regulation. The effect of PP2A inhibition was independent of phosphorylation of the CD3gamma endocytosis motif. Whereas TCR down-regulation was caused by a partial inhibition of exocytosis, TCR up-regulation was caused by an inhibition of endocytosis. The effects on exocytosis and endocytosis were not restricted to the TCR, indicating a more general regulatory role for PP2A in both exocytosis and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lauritsen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Menné C, Lauritsen JP, Dietrich J, Kastrup J, Wegener AK, Andersen PS, Odum N, Geisler C. T-cell receptor downregulation by ceramide-induced caspase activation and cleavage of the zeta chain. Scand J Immunol 2001; 53:176-83. [PMID: 11169222 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of T-cell receptor (TCR) cell surface expression levels is probably an important mechanism by which T-cell responsiveness is controlled. Previously, two distinct pathways for TCR downregulation have been described. One is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) and the leucine-based receptor-sorting motif (L-based motif) of the CD3 gamma chain but independent of tyrosine kinases, whereas the other is dependent on the tyrosine kinase activation but independent of the PKC and the CD3 gamma L-based motif. In this study, we describe a new pathway for TCR downregulation distinct from both the PKC/CD3 gamma L-based motif-dependent and the tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways. This pathway is dependent on ceramide-induced activation of caspases and correlate with caspase-mediated cleavage of the zeta chain. Thus, a 10--15% downregulation of the TCR was induced following the treatment of the T cells with ceramide for 4 h. A close correlation between TCR downregulation, caspase activation, and cleavage of the zeta chain was found. Furthermore, the caspase inhibitors abolished the cleavage of the zeta chain and TCR downregulation in parallel with the inhibition of the caspase activity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Binding Sites
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells/drug effects
- Jurkat Cells/enzymology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menné
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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49
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Lauritsen JP, Menné C, Kastrup J, Dietrich J, Odum N, Geisler C. beta2-adaptin is constitutively de-phosphorylated by serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A and phosphorylated by a staurosporine-sensitive kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1497:297-307. [PMID: 10996654 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(00)00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis includes cycles of assembly and disassembly of the clathrin-coated vesicle constituents. How these cycles are regulated is still not fully known but previous studies have indicated that phosphorylation of coat subunits may play a role. Here we describe that beta2-adaptin undergoes cycles of phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation in intact cells. Thus, beta2-adaptin was constitutively de-phosphorylated by serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A and phosphorylated by a staurosporine-sensitive kinase in vivo. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that phosphorylated AP2 complexes were found more evenly distributed at the plasma membrane compared to non-phosphorylated AP2 complexes which were found in aggregates. Finally, we found that phosphorylation of beta2-adaptin correlated with inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our results support the hypothesis that phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation of coat proteins plays a regulatory role in the assembly/disassembly cycle of clathrin-coated vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lauritsen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Abstract
The TCR is a constitutively recycling receptor meaning that a constant fraction of TCR from the plasma membrane is transported inside the cell at the same time as a constant fraction of TCR from the intracellular pool is transported to the plasma membrane. TCR recycling is affected by protein kinase C activity. Thus, an increase in protein kinase C activity affects TCR recycling kinetics leading to a new TCR equilibrium with a reduced level of TCR expressed at the T cell surface. Down-regulation of TCR expression compromises T cell activation. Conversely, TCR up-regulation is expected to increase T cell responsiveness. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize potential pathways for TCR up-regulation. We found that ceramide affected TCR recycling dynamics and induced TCR up-regulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Experiments applying phosphatase inhibitors indicated that ceramide-induced TCR up-regulation was most probably mediated by serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A. Analyses of T cell variants demonstrated that TCR up-regulation was dependent on the presence of an intact CD3gamma L-based motif and thus acted on TCR engaged in the recycling pathway. Finally, we showed that TCR up-regulation probably plays a physiological role by increasing T cell responsiveness. Thus, by affecting the TCR recycling kinetics, T cells have the potential both to up- and down-regulate TCR expression and thereby adjust T cell responsiveness.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/drug effects
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Exocytosis/drug effects
- Exocytosis/immunology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Kinetics
- Leucine/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate/pharmacology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/physiology
- Protein Kinase C/physiology
- Protein Phosphatase 2
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menné
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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