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Doyle P, Workman C, Grice J, Du L, Borgmann A, Baker J, Duncan D, Taylor J, Brown D. Abstract No. 122 Predictive Dosimetry and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Liver Resin Microsphere Radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Andrews L, Manne S, John Wherry E, Workman C, Vignali D. 253 PD1 and LAG3 converge to limit polyfunctionality and systemic immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTargeting PD1 with monoclonal antibodies has yielded clinical success across a variety of tumor types, yet overcoming inhibitory receptor (IR)-mediated tolerance is essential to improve immunotherapeutic responses. LAG3 co-expresses with PD1 on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (TIL), signifying a highly exhausted phenotype, and dual PD1/LAG3 blockade in C57BL/6 mice enhances antitumor immunity. As CD8+ TIL is the dominant LAG3-expressing TIL population, it is hypothesized that PD1 and LAG3 synergizes to limit CD8+ TIL function controlling antitumor immunity.MethodsTo understand the cellular and mechanistic basis for PD1/LAG3 synergy, conditional knock-in mice ”surgically dissect” Pdcd1 and/or Lag3 floxed alleles restricted to CD8+ T cells expressing E8ICre.GFP. These mice were crossed with the Pmel transgene to assess PD1 and/or LAG3-sufficient or deficient gp100-specific CD8+ T cell populations. CD8+ Pmel cells were isolated and adoptively transferred into C57BL/6 mice harboring a B16-gp100-overexpressing tumor to observe therapeutic benefit, or to assess T cell functionality within the tumor.ResultsWhile little therapeutic benefit was observed with a prophylactic adoptive transfer of wild-type CD8+ Pmel cells into mice which then received B16-gp100 tumor, there was reduced tumor growth in mice receiving PD1-deficient CD8+ Pmel cells, which was further enhanced in mice receiving PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ Pmel cells with long-term tumor-free survival. Likewise, a therapeutic administration of PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ Pmel cells into mice once the tumor has been established showed an initial therapeutic benefit, with enhanced survival, that was not demonstrated with adoptive transfer of PD1 or LAG3-deficient, or wild-type, counterparts. Each PD1 and/or LAG3-sufficient or deficient CD8+ Pmel mice were differentially congenically marked to assess each of the four genotypes that can be adoptively transferred into the same host as a ”quad transfer” system. Recovery of these populations within the tumor show that the PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ Pmel cells out-compete PD1 or LAG3-deficient, or wild-type, counterparts due to enhanced proliferation (Ki67/BrdU). Furthermore, PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ T cells were more functional with increased IFNg and GzmB release observed by flow cytometry.ConclusionsOverall PD1 and LAG3 limit anti-tumor immune effects as removal of both IRs on a gp100 antigen-specific CD8+ T cell population results in reduced B16-gp100 tumor growth and enhanced survival in an adoptive transfer model, as a result of enhanced CD8+ TIL functionality and proliferation. These results provide striking evidence that the development of anti-LAG3 agents in the clinic would yield improved responses with anti-PD1.
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Hensley MK, Bain WG, Jacobs J, Nambulli S, Parikh U, Cillo A, Staines B, Heaps A, Sobolewski MD, Rennick LJ, Macatangay BJC, Klamar-Blain C, Kitsios GD, Methé B, Somasundaram A, Bruno TC, Cardello C, Shan F, Workman C, Ray P, Ray A, Lee J, Sethi R, Schwarzmann WE, Ladinsky MS, Bjorkman PJ, Vignali DA, Duprex WP, Agha ME, Mellors JW, McCormick KD, Morris A, Haidar G. Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Replication in a Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy Recipient: A Case Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e815-e821. [PMID: 33507235 PMCID: PMC7929077 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy recipient developed severe coronavirus disease 2019, intractable RNAemia, and viral replication lasting >2 months. Premortem endotracheal aspirate contained >2 × 1010 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA copies/mL and infectious virus. Deep sequencing revealed multiple sequence variants consistent with intrahost virus evolution. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cell-mediated immunity were minimal. Prolonged transmission from immunosuppressed patients is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Hensley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William G Bain
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jana Jacobs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sham Nambulli
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Urvi Parikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brittany Staines
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Heaps
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele D Sobolewski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernard J C Macatangay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia Klamar-Blain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara Methé
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carly Cardello
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feng Shan
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Creg Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rahil Sethi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William E Schwarzmann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Dario A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mounzer E Agha
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin D McCormick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ghady Haidar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Grebinoski SJ, Zhang Q, Cillo AR, Das J, Workman C, Vignali D. Intra-islet CD8+ T cells are restrained by an exhaustion program that can be reversed by LAG3 deletion. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.21.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD8+ T cell exhaustion or dysfunction is a differentiation state in which T cells become unresponsive to stimulation and lose effector function1. Impaired chronic viral and tumor clearance has been attributed to CD8+ T cell exhaustion and can be partially reversed upon blockade of inhibitory receptors (IR) such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). Despite detailed analysis of CD8+T cell in tumors and chronic viral infection, the role of the exhaustion program and the transcriptional networks that control CD8+T cell function and fate in autoimmunity are still unknown. Here we show that intra-islet CD8+T cells phenotypically and transcriptionally possess features of exhausted T cells, yet maintain key differences, such as an expanded repertoire of effector mechanisms, that contribute to their persistent pathogenicity in autoimmune diabetes. This dual identity, which we refer to as a ‘divergent’ exhaustion program, can be perturbed substantively by CD8+ T cell-restricted deletion of the IR Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3), causing enhanced effector-like function and pathogenicity. Understanding this divergent exhaustion program and its key mediators will guide future immunotherapeutic interventions by characterizing ways to promote exhaustion in autoimmunity and reversing exhaustion programs in chronic viral infections and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jishnu Das
- 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Patel N, Maher J, Lie X, Gwaltney C, Morgan S, Meyers O, Workman C, Negro A, Cohen G. P-170 Understanding patient experience in hepatocellular carcinoma: A qualitative patient interview study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Workman C, Guy C, Mitrea D, Chou PC, Temirov J, Vignali K, Liu X, Zhang H, Kriwacki R, Bruchez M, Watkins S, Vignali D. LAG3 mediates its inhibitory function by associating with the TCR:CD3 complex and inducing co-receptor:p56lck dissociation. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.80.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an inhibitory receptor that is highly expressed on exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Despite over ten LAG3-targeting immunotherapeutics in clinical trials, we still do not know how LAG3 mediates its inhibitory activity. We show that LAG3 can function in the absence of MHC class II ligation and that in the absence of LAG3 there is a 2–3 fold increase in T cell receptor signaling resulting in increased proliferation. We show that both murine and human LAG3 molecules track to the immunological synapse (IS) by close association with the T cell receptor (TCR):CD3 complex. A phylogenetically conserved, acidic tandem glutamic acid–proline repeat in the LAG3 cytoplasmic tail can lower local pH at the IS and chelate Zn2+, limiting T cell activating signals by causing the dissociation of CD4:p56lck, which interact via a di-cystine:Zn2+ complex. This in turn causes a loss of co-receptor:TCR signaling. This novel inhibitory pH-mediated, Zn2+-displacement mechanism highlights LAG3 as a “signal disruptor” that can function in an MHC class II independent manner, providing critical insight into the mechanism of action of LAG3-targeting immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cliff Guy
- 2St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- 2St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
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Grebinoski SJ, Zhang Q, Cillo AR, Szymczak-Workman A, Workman C, Vignali D. LAG3 limits the diabetogenicity of intra-islet CD8 T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.142.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tight control of effector T cells is necessary to limit autoimmune diabetes (AD). One mechanism by which this is achieved is through inhibitory receptor (IR) expression. Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) is one critical IR that limits disease progression and incidence of AD. Using a mouse model in which LAG3 deletion is restricted to CD8+ T cells, Lag3L/L-YFPE8iCRE-GFP.NOD, and wild type (WT) controls, E8iCRE-GFP.NOD, we find that CD8+ T cell-restricted deletion of LAG3 is sufficient to accelerate diabetes incidence and insulitis. Interestingly, we see Lag3L/L-YFPE8iCRE-GFP.NOD mice have an increased intra-islet CD8:Treg ratio, and increased tetramer (Nrpv7, IGRP mimotope) staining. These observations drive our hypothesis that LAG3 limits those autoreactive CD8+ T cell. 5′ single cell RNAseq in conjunction with TCRseq reveals that LAG3-deficient (Lag3−/−) intra-islet CD8+ T cells are transcriptionally unique compared to WT controls, exhibiting a more activated phenotype along with lower geneset enrichment for markers of exhaustion. This was validated by flow cytometry in which WT CD8+ T cells possess an expanded PD1Hi, Tox+ population, while Lag3−/− CD8+ T cells have an expanded PD1mid population, express more CD44, KLRG1, BrdU, Ki67, and less aCasp3. This indicates that WT CD8+ T cells are able to appropriately upregulate PD1 and Tox in response to chronic self-antigen stimulation, while Lag3−/− CD8+ T cells maintain a more activated population. Strikingly, LAG3 deletion on CD8+ T cells appears to be sufficient to overcome a normal “exhaustion-like” program in intra-islet CD8+ T cells, resulting in accelerated diabetes incidence. These data highlight an important role for LAG3 and CD8+ T cell exhaustion programs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qianxia Zhang
- 2Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard medical school
| | - Anthony R Cillo
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Creg Workman
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Dario Vignali
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Dadey R, Grebinoski SJ, Zhang Q, Gocher A, Brunazzi E, Andrews LP, Burton A, Workman C, Vignali D. Treg-restricted deletion of TRAIL (Tnfsf10) reduces autoimmune diabetes. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.143.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a suppressive cell population that limit the anti-tumor response. One mechanism Tregs utilize is production of suppressive cytokines. We previously asked if deletion of the two main suppressive cytokines made by Tregs would have any overall effect on the suppressive ability of the Tregs. We found that Treg-restricted deletion of the cytokines IL-10 and IL-35 led to a compensatory upregulation of Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; Tnfsf10). In these studies, upregulation of TRAIL was dependent on deletion of IL-10 and IL-35; however, we also wondered if TRAIL could also be upregulated in inflammatory environments and if deletion would affect Treg function in these environments.
We made a Tnfsf10L/L mouse, backcrossed onto both B6 and NOD backgrounds, and crossed each with respective Foxp3Cre lines. Surprisingly, we found little effect on tumor growth in B6 mice but found a substantive decrease in autoimmune diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse model. In the latter, we found that Treg-restricted deletion of TRAIL may extrinsically effect CD8+ and CD4+ T cell phenotype by increasing expression of suppressive molecules such as CD73 and LAP-TGFβ in these cells. Future studies are necessary to understand if this phenotypic change is responsible for the decrease in diabetes incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Dadey
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- 2Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephanie J Grebinoski
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qianxia Zhang
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- 3Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis
| | - Angela Gocher
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- 2Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Erin Brunazzi
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lawrence Peter Andrews
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda Burton
- 3Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis
| | - Creg Workman
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- 2Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- 3Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis
| | - Dario Vignali
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- 2Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
- 3Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis
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Andrews LP, Manne S, Wherry EJ, Workman C, Vignali D. PD1 and LAG3 converge to limit polyfunctionality and systemic immunity. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.165.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeting PD1 has yielded clinical success across many tumor types, yet a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive to treatment. Co-expression of PD1 and LAG3 inhibitory receptors (IRs) on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells (TIL) is associated with an exhausted phenotype and dual blockade synergistically limits tumor growth, greater than targeting PD1 alone.
The cellular and mechanistic basis for PD1/LAG3 synergy is unknown. We have generated conditional knockin mice that facilitates the CD8+ T cell-restricted deletion of Pdcd1 and/or Lag3 when crossed to E8ICre.GFP. These mice have also been crossed with a pMEL TCR transgenic mouse, congenically marked to allow intrinsic analysis of PD1 and/or LAG3-deficient CD8+ T cells, and controls, in a ‘quad’ co-adoptive transfer system.
Pdcd1L/L and/or Lag3L/L-yfp E8ICre.GFP mice show reduced B16-F10 tumor growth with improved survival, compared to Lag3L/L-yfp E8ICre.GFP mice and controls. CD8+ TIL frequency is increased with loss of both IRs, as a result of enhanced proliferation. Although expression of TIM3, TIGIT and 2B4 IRs is maintained, CD8+ TIL isolated from Pdcd1L/LE8ICre.GFP and Pdcd1L/ Lag3L/L-yfp E8ICre.GFP mice show increased polyfunctionality, by IFNg, TNFa and GzmB release. This was confirmed to be largely driven by effector and chemoattractive secretions by analysis with a 28-plex single-cell cytokine response panel (Isoplexis).
Overall, these data suggest that PD1 and LAG3 synergize to have a dominant effect on CD8+ TIL and limit antitumor immune effects, as intrinsic removal of both IRs results in reduced tumor growth that substantially impacts anti-tumor immunity. These results are encouraging for the development of co-targeting LAG3 and PD1 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- 2Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - E. John Wherry
- 2Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Creg Workman
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Dario Vignali
- 1Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- 3Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
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Zahn R, Lythe K, Gethin J, Green S, Deakin J, Workman C, Moll J. Negative emotions towards others are diminished in remitted major depression. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:448-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:One influential view is that vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a proneness to experience negative emotions in general. In contrast, blame attribution theories emphasise the importance of blaming oneself rather than others for negative events. Our previous exploratory study provided support for the attributional hypothesis that patients with remitted MDD show no overall bias towards negative emotions, but a selective bias towards emotions entailing self-blame relative to emotions that entail blaming others. More specifically, we found a decreased proneness for contempt/disgust towards others relative to oneself (i.e. self-contempt bias). Here, we report a definitive test of the competing general negative versus specific attributional bias theories of MDD.Methods:We compared a medication-free remitted MDD (n = 101) and a control group (n = 70) with no family or personal history of MDD on a previously validated experimental test of moral emotions. The task measures proneness to specific emotions associated with different types of self-blame (guilt, shame, self-contempt/disgust, self-indignation/anger) and blame of others (other-indignation/anger, other-contempt/disgust) whilst controlling for the intensity of unpleasantness.Results:We confirmed the hypothesis that patients with MDD exhibit an increased self-contempt bias with a reduction in contempt/disgust towards others. Furthermore, they also showed a decreased proneness for indignation/anger towards others.Conclusions:This corroborates the prediction that vulnerability to MDD is associated with an imbalance of specific self- and other-blaming emotions rather than a general increase in negative emotions. This has important implications for neurocognitive models and calls for novel focussed interventions to rebalance blame in MDD.
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Workman C, Kamholz J, Rudroff T. P174 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with 2 mA and 4 mA for the treatment of a multiple sclerosis symptom cluster – A pilot study. Clin Neurophysiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lundqvist A, van Hoef V, Zhang X, Wennerberg E, Lorent J, Witt K, Sanz LM, Liang S, Murray S, Larsson O, Kiessling R, Mao Y, Sidhom JW, Bessell CA, Havel J, Schneck J, Chan TA, Sachsenmeier E, Woods D, Berglund A, Ramakrishnan R, Sodre A, Weber J, Zappasodi R, Li Y, Qi J, Wong P, Sirard C, Postow M, Newman W, Koon H, Velcheti V, Callahan MK, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Lum LG, Choi M, Thakur A, Deol A, Dyson G, Shields A, Haymaker C, Uemura M, Murthy R, James M, Wang D, Brevard J, Monaghan C, Swann S, Geib J, Cornfeld M, Chunduru S, Agrawal S, Yee C, Wargo J, Patel SP, Amaria R, Tawbi H, Glitza I, Woodman S, Hwu WJ, Davies MA, Hwu P, Overwijk WW, Bernatchez C, Diab A, Massarelli E, Segal NH, Ribrag V, Melero I, Gangadhar TC, Urba W, Schadendorf D, Ferris RL, Houot R, Morschhauser F, Logan T, Luke JJ, Sharfman W, Barlesi F, Ott PA, Mansi L, Kummar S, Salles G, Carpio C, Meier R, Krishnan S, McDonald D, Maurer M, Gu X, Neely J, Suryawanshi S, Levy R, Khushalani N, Wu J, Zhang J, Basher F, Rubinstein M, Bucsek M, Qiao G, Hembrough T, Spacek J, Vocka M, Zavadova E, Skalova H, Dundr P, Petruzelka L, Francis N, Tilman RT, Hartmann A, MacDonald C, Netikova I, Ballesteros-Merino C, Stump J, Tufman A, Berger F, Neuberger M, Hatz R, Lindner M, Sanborn RE, Handy J, Hylander B, Fox B, Bifulco C, Huber RM, Winter H, Reu S, Sun C, Xiao W, Tian Z, Arora K, Desai N, Repasky E, Kulkarni A, Rajurkar M, Rivera M, Deshpande V, Ting D, Tsai K, Nosrati A, Goldinger S, Hamid O, Algazi A, Chatterjee S, Tumeh P, Hwang J, Liu J, Chen L, Dummer R, Rosenblum M, Daud A, Tsao TS, Ashworth-Sharpe J, Johnson D, Daenthanasanmak A, Bhaumik S, Bieniarz C, Couto J, Farrell M, Ghaffari M, Habensus I, Hubbard A, Jones T, Kelly B, Kosmeder J, Chakraborty P, Lee C, Marner E, Meridew J, Polaske N, Racolta A, Uribe D, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Toth K, Morrison L, Pestic-Dragovich L, Tang L, Tsujikawa T, Borkar RN, Azimi V, Kumar S, Thibault G, Mori M, El Rassi E, Meek M, Clayburgh DR, Kulesz-Martin 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Aeffner F, Kearney SJ, Black JC, Cerkovnik L, Pratte L, Kim R, Hirsch B, Krueger J, Gianani R, Martínez-Usatorre A, Jandus C, Donda A, Carretero-Iglesia L, Speiser DE, Zehn D, Rufer N, Romero P, Panda A, Mehnert J, Hirshfield KM, Riedlinger G, Damare S, Saunders T, Sokol L, Stein M, Poplin E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Silk A, Chan N, Frankel M, Kane M, Malhotra J, Aisner J, Kaufman HL, Ali S, Ross J, White E, Bhanot G, Ganesan S, Monette A, Bergeron D, Amor AB, Meunier L, Caron C, Morou A, Kaufmann D, Liberman M, Jurisica I, Mes-Masson AM, Hamzaoui K, Lapointe R, Mongan A, Ku YC, Tom W, Sun Y, Pankov A, Looney T, Au-Young J, Hyland F, Conroy J, Morrison C, Glenn S, Burgher B, Ji H, Gardner M, Mongan A, Omilian AR, Conroy J, Bshara W, Angela O, Burgher B, Ji H, Glenn S, Morrison C, Mongan A, Obeid JM, Erdag G, Smolkin ME, Deacon DH, Patterson JW, Chen L, Bullock TN, Slingluff CL, Obeid JM, Erdag G, Deacon DH, Slingluff CL, Bullock TN, Loffredo JT, Vuyyuru R, Beyer S, Spires VM, Fox M, Ehrmann JM, Taylor KA, Korman AJ, Graziano RF, Page D, Sanchez K, Ballesteros-Merino C, Martel M, Bifulco C, Urba W, Fox B, Patel SP, De Macedo MP, Qin Y, Reuben A, Spencer C, Guindani M, Bassett R, Wargo J, Racolta A, Kelly B, Jones T, Polaske N, Theiss N, Robida M, Meridew J, Habensus I, Zhang L, Pestic-Dragovich L, Tang L, Sullivan RJ, Logan T, Khushalani N, Margolin K, Koon H, Olencki T, Hutson T, Curti B, Roder J, Blackmon S, Roder H, Stewart J, Amin A, Ernstoff MS, Clark JI, Atkins MB, Kaufman HL, Sosman J, Weber J, McDermott DF, Weber J, Kluger H, Halaban R, Snzol M, Roder H, Roder J, Asmellash S, Steingrimsson A, Blackmon S, Sullivan RJ, Wang C, Roman K, Clement A, Downing S, Hoyt C, Harder N, Schmidt G, Schoenmeyer R, Brieu N, Yigitsoy M, Madonna G, Botti G, Grimaldi A, Ascierto PA, Huss R, Athelogou M, Hessel H, Harder N, Buchner A, Schmidt G, Stief C, Huss R, Binnig G, Kirchner T, Sellappan S, Thyparambil S, Schwartz S, Cecchi F, Nguyen A, Vaske C. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part one. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5123387 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ager C, Reilley M, Nicholas C, Bartkowiak T, Jaiswal A, Curran M, Albershardt TC, Bajaj A, Archer JF, Reeves RS, Ngo LY, Berglund P, ter Meulen J, Denis C, Ghadially H, Arnoux T, Chanuc F, Fuseri N, Wilkinson RW, Wagtmann N, Morel Y, Andre P, Atkins MB, Carlino MS, Ribas A, Thompson JA, Choueiri TK, Hodi FS, Hwu WJ, McDermott DF, Atkinson V, Cebon JS, Fitzharris B, Jameson MB, McNeil C, Hill AG, Mangin E, Ahamadi M, van Vugt M, van Zutphen M, Ibrahim N, Long GV, Gartrell R, Blake Z, Simoes I, Fu Y, Saito T, Qian Y, Lu Y, Saenger YM, Budhu S, De Henau O, Zappasodi R, Schlunegger K, Freimark B, Hutchins J, Barker CA, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T, Burova E, Allbritton O, Hong P, Dai J, Pei J, Liu M, Kantrowitz J, Lai V, Poueymirou W, MacDonald D, Ioffe E, Mohrs M, Olson W, Thurston G, Capasso C, Frascaro F, Carpi S, Tähtinen S, Feola S, Fusciello M, Peltonen K, Martins B, Sjöberg M, Pesonen S, Ranki T, Kyruk L, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Cerignoli F, Xi B, Guenther G, Yu N, Muir L, Zhao L, Abassi Y, Cervera-Carrascón V, Siurala M, Santos J, Havunen R, Parviainen S, Hemminki A, Alemany R, Loskog A, Jhawar S, Goyal S, Bommareddy PK, Paneque T, Kaufman HL, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Silk A, Dalgleish A, Mehnert J, Gabrail N, Bryan J, Medina D, Bommareddy PK, Shafren D, Grose M, Zloza A, Mitchell L, Yagiz K, Mudan S, Lopez F, Mendoza D, Munday A, Gruber H, Jolly D, Fuhrmann S, Radoja S, Tan W, Pourchet A, Frey A, DeBenedette M, Mohr I, Mulvey M, Ranki T, Pesonen S, Capasso C, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V, Andtbacka RHI, Ross M, Agarwala S, Plachco A, Grossmann K, Taylor M, Vetto J, Neves R, Daud A, Khong H, Meek SM, Ungerleider R, Welden S, Tanaka M, Gamble A, Williams M, Andtbacka RHI, Curti B, Hallmeyer S, Fox B, Feng Z, Paustian C, Bifulco C, Grose M, Shafren D, Grogan EW, Zafar S, Parviainen S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Vassilev L, Wang H, Lieber A, Krisko J, Hemmi S, de Gruijl T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A, Ansari T, Sundararaman S, Roen D, Lehmann P, Bloom AC, 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Overwijk WW, Hollevoet K, Geukens N, Declerck P, Mallow C, Joly N, McIntosh L, Paramithiotis E, Rizell M, Sternby M, Andersson B, Karlsson-Parra A, Kuai R, Ochyl L, Schwendeman A, Reilly C, Moon J, Deng W, Hudson TE, Lemmens EE, Hanson B, Rae CS, Burrill J, Skoble J, Katibah G, Murphy AL, Torno S, deVries M, Brockstedt DG, Leong ML, Lauer P, Dubensky TW, Whiting CC, Chen X, Hu Y, Xia Y, Zhou L, Scrivens M, Bao Y, Huang S, Ren X, Hurt E, Hollingsworth RE, Chang AE, Wicha MS, Li Q, Aggarwal C, Mangrolia D, Foster C, Cohen R, Weinstein G, Morrow M, Bauml J, Kraynyak K, Boyer J, Yan J, Lee J, Humeau L, Oyola S, Howell A, Duff S, Weiner D, Yang Z, Bagarazzi M, McNeel DG, Eickhoff J, Jeraj R, Staab MJ, Straus J, Rekoske B, Balch L, Liu G, Melssen M, Petroni G, Grosh W, Varhegyi N, Bullock K, Smolkin ME, Smith K, Galeassi N, Deacon DH, Knapp A, Gaughan E, Slingluff CL, Ghisoli M, Barve M, Mennel R, Wallraven G, Manning L, Senzer N, Nemunaitis J, Ogasawara M, Leonard JE, Ota S, Peace KM, Hale DF, Vreeland TJ, Jackson DO, Berry JS, Trappey AF, Herbert GS, Clifton GT, Hardin MO, Paris M, Toms A, Qiao N, Litton J, Peoples GE, Mittendorf EA, Ghamsari L, Flano E, Jacques J, Liu B, Havel J, Fisher T, Makarov V, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Hellmann MD, Chan TA, Flechtner JB, Stefano P, Facciabene A, Facciponte J, Ugel S, Hu-Lieskovan S, De Sanctis F, Coukos G, Paris S, Pottier A, Levy L, Lu B, Cappuccini F, Pollock E, Bryant R, Hamdy F, Ribas A, Hill A, Redchenko I, Sultan H, Kumai T, Fesenkova V, Celis E, Tsang K, Fantini M, Fernando I, Palena C, Smith E, David JM, Hodge J, Gabitzsch E, Jones F, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Herranz MU, Rafail S, Ugel S, Facciponte J, Zauderer M, Stefano P, Facciabene A, Wada H, Shimizu A, Osada T, Fukaya S, Sasaki E, Abolhalaj M, Askmyr D, Lundberg K, Fogler W, Albrekt AS, Greiff L, Lindstedt M, Flies DB, Higuchi T, Ornatowski W, Harris J, Adams SF, Aguilera T, Rafat M, Franklin M, Castellini L, Shehade H, Kariolis M, Jang D, vonEbyen R, Graves E, Ellies L, 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Zheng Y, Coltharp C, Unfricht D, Dilworth R, Fridman L, Liu L, Giffin L, Rajopadhye M, Miller P, Concha-Benavente F, Bauman J, Trivedi S, Srivastava R, Ohr J, Heron D, Duvvuri U, Kim S, Xu X, Gooding W, Ferris RL, Torrey H, Mera T, Okubo Y, Vanamee E, Foster R, Faustman D, Gartrell R, Stack E, Rose J, Lu Y, Izaki D, Beck K, Jia DT, Armenta P, White-Stern A, Fu Y, Blake Z, Marks D, Kaufman HL, Schreiber TH, Taback B, Horst B, Saenger YM, Glickman LH, Kanne DB, Gauthier KS, Desbien AL, Francica B, Katibah G, Corrales LP, Fantini M, Leong JL, Sung L, Metchette K, Kasibhatla S, Pferdekamper AM, Zheng L, Cho C, Feng Y, McKenna JM, Tallarico J, Gameiro SR, Bender S, Ndubaku C, McWhirter SM, Drake CG, Gajewski TF, Dubensky TW, Gugel EG, Bell CJM, Munk A, Muniz L, Knudson KM, Bhardwaj N, Zhao F, Evans K, Xiao C, Holtzhausen A, Hanks BA, Scholler N, Yin C, Van der Meijs P, Prantner AM, Clavijo PE, Krejsa CM, Smith L, Johnson B, Branstetter D, Stein PL, Jaen JC, Tan JBL, Chen A, Chen Y, Park T, Allen CT, Powers JP, Sexton H, Xu G, Young SW, Schindler U, Deng W, Klinke DJ, Komar HM, Mace T, Serpa G, Donahue R, Elnaggar O, Conwell D, Hart P, Schmidt C, Dillhoff M, Jin M, Ostrowski MC, Lesinski GB, Koti M, Au K, Lepone L, Peterson N, Truesdell P, Reid-Schachter G, Graham C, Craig A, Francis JA, Kotlan B, Balatoni T, Farkas E, Toth L, Grenga I, Ujhelyi M, Savolt A, Doleschall Z, Horvath S, Eles K, Olasz J, Csuka O, Kasler M, Liszkay G, Barnea E, Hodge JW, Kumar S, Tsujikawa T, Blakely C, Flynn P, Goodman R, Bueno R, Sugarbaker D, Jablons D, Broaddus VC, West B, Tsang KY, Coussens LM, Kunk PR, Obeid JM, Winters K, Pramoonjago P, Smolkin ME, Stelow EB, Bauer TW, Slingluff CL, Rahma OE, Schlom J, Lamble A, Kosaka Y, Huang F, Saser KA, Adams H, Tognon CE, Laderas T, McWeeney S, Loriaux M, Tyner JW, Gray M, Druker BJ, Lind EF, Liu Z, Lu S, Kane LP, Ferris RL, Liu Z, Shayan G, Lu S, Ferris RL, Gong J, Femel J, Tsujikawa T, Lane R, Booth J, Lund AW, Melssen M, Rodriguez A, Slingluff CL, 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Marguier G, Neou S, Pan A, Zhang J, Zhang W, Parlati F, Marshall N, Marron TU, Agudo J, Brown B, Brody J, McQuinn C, Mace T, Farren M, Komar H, Shakya R, Young G, Ludwug T, Lesinski GB, Morillon YM, Hammond SA, Schlom J, Greiner JW, Nath PR, Schwartz AL, Maric D, Roberts DD, Obermajer N, Bartlett D, Kalinski P, Naing A, Papadopoulos KP, Autio KA, Wong DJ, Patel M, Falchook G, Pant S, Ott PA, Whiteside M, Patnaik A, Mumm J, Janku F, Chan I, Bauer T, Colen R, VanVlasselaer P, Brown GL, Tannir NM, Oft M, Infante J, Lipson E, Gopal A, Neelapu SS, Armand P, Spurgeon S, Leonard JP, Hodi FS, Sanborn RE, Melero I, Gajewski TF, Maurer M, Perna S, Gutierrez AA, Clynes R, Mitra P, Suryawanshi S, Gladstone D, Callahan MK, Crooks J, Brown S, Gauthier A, de Boisferon MH, MacDonald A, Brunet LR, Rothwell WT, Bell P, Wilson JM, Sato-Kaneko F, Yao S, Zhang SS, Carson DA, Guiducci C, Coffman RL, Kitaura K, Matsutani T, Suzuki R, Hayashi T, Cohen EEW, Schaer D, Li Y, Dobkin J, Amatulli M, Hall G, Doman T, Manro J, Dorsey FC, Sams L, Holmgaard R, Persaud K, Ludwig D, Surguladze D, Kauh JS, Novosiadly R, Kalos M, Driscoll K, Pandha H, Ralph C, Harrington K, Curti B, Sanborn RE, Akerley W, Gupta S, Melcher A, Mansfield D, Kaufman DR, Schmidt E, Grose M, Davies B, Karpathy R, Shafren D, Shamalov K, Cohen C, Sharma N, Allison J, Shekarian T, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Caux C, Marabelle A, Slomovitz BM, Moore KM, Youssoufian H, Posner M, Tewary P, Brooks AD, Xu YM, Wijeratne K, Gunatilaka LAA, Sayers TJ, Vasilakos JP, Alston T, Dovedi S, Elvecrog J, Grigsby I, Herbst R, Johnson K, Moeckly C, Mullins S, Siebenaler K, SternJohn J, Tilahun A, Tomai MA, Vogel K, Wilkinson RW, Vietsch EE, Wellstein A, Wythes M, Crosignani S, Tumang J, Alekar S, Bingham P, Cauwenberghs S, Chaplin J, Dalvie D, Denies S, De Maeseneire C, Feng J, Frederix K, Greasley S, Guo J, Hardwick J, Kaiser S, Jessen K, Kindt E, Letellier MC, Li W, Maegley K, Marillier R, Miller N, Murray B, Pirson R, Preillon J, Rabolli V, Ray C, 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Pall G, Wehler T, Alt J, Bischoff H, Geissler M, Griesinger F, Kollmeier J, Papachristofilou A, Doener F, Fotin-Mleczek M, Hipp M, Hong HS, Kallen KJ, Klinkhardt U, Stosnach C, Scheel B, Schroeder A, Seibel T, Gnad-Vogt U, Zippelius A, Park HR, Ahn YO, Kim TM, Kim S, Kim S, Lee YS, Keam B, Kim DW, Heo DS, Pilon-Thomas S, Weber A, Morse J, Kodumudi K, Liu H, Mullinax J, Sarnaik AA, Pike L, Bang A, Ott PA, Balboni T, Taylor A, Spektor A, Wilhite T, Krishnan M, Cagney D, Alexander B, Aizer A, Buchbinder E, Awad M, Ghandi L, Hodi FS, Schoenfeld J, Schwartz AL, Nath PR, Lessey-Morillon E, Ridnour L, Roberts DD, Segal NH, Sharma M, Le DT, Ott PA, Ferris RL, Zelenetz AD, Neelapu SS, Levy R, Lossos IS, Jacobson C, Ramchandren R, Godwin J, Colevas AD, Meier R, Krishnan S, Gu X, Neely J, Suryawanshi S, Timmerman J, Vanpouille-Box CI, Formenti SC, Demaria S, Wennerberg E, Mediero A, Cronstein BN, Formenti SC, Demaria S, Gustafson MP, DiCostanzo A, Wheatley C, Kim CH, Bornschlegl S, Gastineau DA, Johnson BD, Dietz AB, MacDonald C, Bucsek M, Qiao G, Hylander B, Repasky E, Turbitt WJ, Xu Y, Mastro A, Rogers CJ, Withers S, Wang Z, Khuat LT, Dunai C, Blazar BR, Longo D, Rebhun R, Grossenbacher SK, Monjazeb A, Murphy WJ, Rowlinson S, Agnello G, Alters S, Lowe D, Scharping N, Menk AV, Whetstone R, Zeng X, Delgoffe GM, Santos PM, Menk AV, Shi J, Delgoffe GM, Butterfield LH, Whetstone R, Menk AV, Scharping N, Delgoffe G, Nagasaka M, Sukari A, Byrne-Steele M, Pan W, Hou X, Brown B, Eisenhower M, Han J, Collins N, Manguso R, Pope H, Shrestha Y, Boehm J, Haining WN, Cron KR, Sivan A, Aquino-Michaels K, Gajewski TF, Orecchioni M, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx W, Fuoco C, Spada F, Sgarrella F, Cesareni G, Marincola F, Kostarelos K, Bianco A, Delogu L, Hendrickx W, Roelands J, Boughorbel S, Decock J, Presnell S, Wang E, Marincola FM, Kuppen P, Ceccarelli M, Rinchai D, Chaussabel D, Miller L, Bedognetti D, Nguyen A, Sanborn JZ, Vaske C, Rabizadeh S, Niazi K, Benz S, Patel S, Restifo N, White J, Angiuoli S, Sausen M, Jones S, Sevdali M, Simmons J, Velculescu V, Diaz L, Zhang T, Sims JS, Barton SM, Gartrell R, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A, Dela Cruz F, Turk AT, Lu Y, Mazzeo CF, Kung AL, Bruce JN, Saenger YM, Yamashiro DJ, Connolly EP, Baird J, Crittenden M, Friedman D, Xiao H, Leidner R, Bell B, Young K, Gough M, Bian Z, Kidder K, Liu Y, Curran E, Chen X, Corrales LP, Kline J, Dunai C, Aguilar EG, Khuat LT, Murphy WJ, Guerriero J, Sotayo A, Ponichtera H, Pourzia A, Schad S, Carrasco R, Lazo S, Bronson R, Letai A, Kornbluth RS, Gupta S, Termini J, Guirado E, Stone GW, Meyer C, Helming L, Tumang J, Wilson N, Hofmeister R, Radvanyi L, Neubert NJ, Tillé L, Barras D, Soneson C, Baumgaertner P, Rimoldi D, Gfeller D, Delorenzi M, Fuertes Marraco SA, Speiser DE, Abraham TS, Xiang B, Magee MS, Waldman SA, Snook AE, Blogowski W, Zuba-Surma E, Budkowska M, Salata D, Dolegowska B, Starzynska T, Chan L, Somanchi S, McCulley K, Lee D, Buettner N, Shi F, Myers PT, Curbishley S, Penny SA, Steadman L, Millar D, Speers E, Ruth N, Wong G, Thimme R, Adams D, Cobbold M, Thomas R, Hendrickx W, Al-Muftah M, Decock J, Wong MKK, Morse M, McDermott DF, Clark JI, Kaufman HL, Daniels GA, Hua H, Rao T, Dutcher JP, Kang K, Saunthararajah Y, Velcheti V, Kumar V, Anwar F, Verma A, Chheda Z, Kohanbash G, Sidney J, Okada K, Shrivastav S, Carrera DA, Liu S, Jahan N, Mueller S, Pollack IF, Carcaboso AM, Sette A, Hou Y, Okada H, Field JJ, Zeng W, Shih VFS, Law CL, Senter PD, Gardai SJ, Okeley NM, Penny SA, Abelin JG, Saeed AZ, Malaker SA, Myers PT, Shabanowitz J, Ward ST, Hunt DF, Cobbold M, Profusek P, Wood L, Shepard D, Grivas P, Kapp K, Volz B, Oswald D, Wittig B, Schmidt M, Sefrin JP, Hillringhaus L, Lifke V, Lifke A, Skaletskaya A, Ponte J, Chittenden T, Setiady Y, Valsesia-Wittmann S, Sivado E, Thomas V, El Alaoui M, Papot S, Dumontet C, Dyson M, McCafferty J, El Alaoui S, Verma A, Kumar V, Bommareddy PK, Kaufman HL, Zloza A, Kohlhapp F, Silk AW, Jhawar S, Paneque T, Bommareddy PK, Kohlhapp F, Newman J, Beltran P, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Cao F, Hong BX, Rodriguez-Cruz T, Song XT, Gottschalk S, Calderon H, Illingworth S, Brown A, Fisher K, Seymour L, Champion B, Eriksson E, Wenthe J, Hellström AC, Paul-Wetterberg G, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Ståhle M, Jarblad-Leja J, Ullenhag G, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R. 31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016): part two. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMCID: PMC5123381 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Workman C, Desai K, Karp J, Lewandowski R. Advanced retrieval techniques in the removal of permanent inferior vena cava filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Emery S, Kelleher A, Workman C, Puls R, Bloch M, Baker D, Anderson J, Hoy J, Ip S, Nalliah K, Ward L, Law M, Cooper D. Influence of IFNγ Co-Expression on the Safety and Antiviral Efficacy of Recombinant Fowlpox Virus HIV Therapeutic Vaccines Following Interruption of Antiretroviral Therapy. Human Vaccines 2014; 3:260-7. [DOI: 10.4161/hv.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Delgoffe G, Woo S, Turnis M, Gravano D, Guy C, Bettini M, Finkelstein D, Vogel P, Bonnevier J, Workman C, Vignali D. Potentiation of regulatory T cell stability and function via a neuropilin-1:semaphorin-4a axis (P1057). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.139.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T cells represent a critical immunoregulatory component of the immune system. The signals that maintain Treg stability and potentiate their function remain obscure. Here we show that the immune cell surface ligand semaphorin-4a on conventional murine and human T cells and dendritic cells interacts with the Treg-restricted receptor neuropilin-1 to potentiate Treg function and enhance survival. Mice with a Treg-restricted deletion of Nrp1 exhibit extremely limited tumor-induced tolerance, and thus substantial resistance to certain tumors, yet do not develop any autoimmune or inflammatory manifestations. Sema4a or Nrp1 blockade also had therapeutic efficacy against pre-existing tumors. In addition, Nrp1-deficient Treg cells fail to suppress inflammatory colitis. Upon Sema4a ligation, Nrp1 was recruited to the immunological synapse and repressed Akt activity via PTEN, which facilitated Foxo nuclear translocation. This induced a transcriptional program that promoted Treg stability, survival and function while repressing the induction of lineage-specific transcription factors. Thus, Nrp1 ligation enforces Treg stability and function in highly inflammatory sites but is dispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, highlighting Nrp1 as a potential immunotherapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Delgoffe
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | - Seng Woo
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | - Meghan Turnis
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | - David Gravano
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | - Cliff Guy
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Peter Vogel
- 2Pathology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | | | - Creg Workman
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
| | - Dario Vignali
- 1Immunology, St. Jude Children's Res. Hosp., Memphis, TN
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17
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Woo SR, Li N, Bruno TC, Forbes K, Brown S, Workman C, Drake CG, Vignali DAA. Differential subcellular localization of the regulatory T-cell protein LAG-3 and the coreceptor CD4. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1768-77. [PMID: 20391435 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD4 binds to MHC class II molecules and enhances T-cell activation. The CD4-related transmembrane protein LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3, CD223) binds to the same ligand but inhibits T-cell proliferation. We have previously shown that LAG-3 cell surface expression is tightly regulated by extracellular cleavage in order to regulate its potent inhibitory activity. Given this observation and the contrasting functions of CD4 and LAG-3, we investigated the cell distribution, location and transport of these related cell surface molecules. As expected, the vast majority of CD4 is expressed at the cell surface with minimal intracellular localization, as determined by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. In contrast, nearly half the cellular content of LAG-3 is retained in intracellular compartments. This significant intracellular storage of LAG-3 appears to facilitate its rapid translocation to the cell surface following T-cell activation, which was much faster for LAG-3 than CD4. Increased vesicular pH inhibited translocation of both CD4 and LAG-3 to the plasma membrane. While some colocalization of the microtubule organizing center, early/recycling endosomes and secretory lysosomes was observed with CD4, significantly greater colocalization was observed with LAG-3. Analysis of CD4:LAG-3 chimeras suggested that multiple domains may contribute to intracellular retention of LAG-3. Thus, in contrast with CD4, the substantial intracellular storage of LAG-3 and its close association with the microtubule organizing center and recycling endosomes may facilitate its rapid translocation to the cell surface during T-cell activation and help to mitigate T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng-Ryong Woo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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18
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Abstract
Enfuvirtide is beneficial in patients with limited treatment options. We report this case to highlight the possibility of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction as an important potential side-effect of enfuvirtide treatment. A highly antiretroviral treatment-experienced man was commenced on a new regimen containing enfuvirtide. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia was started using trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP-STX) simultaneously. Ten days later, he developed a maculopapular rash on the chest and abdomen without any systemic features. Both enfuvirtide and TMP-STX were discontinued. Re-introduction of enfuvirtide occurred in a hospital setting. Before re-challenge, haemodynamic observations were stable. The rash re-appeared involving the whole body 5 hours post-dose and was associated with fever (temperature 38.4), nausea and a presyncopal episode. Hypersensitivity to this drug occurred immediately post-dose in phase III trials. Enfuvirtide is a useful drug in those with reduced drug options. The possibility of delayed hypersensitivity has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Emerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Albion Street Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Hother C, Cortez C, Miranda T, Yoo C, Workman C, Jones PA, Grønbaek K. 47Upregulation of the miR-515 cluster in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line by epigenetic therapy. APMIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.001165_54.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Hother C, Cortez C, Miranda T, Yoo C, Workman C, Jones PA, Grønbæk K. 47 Upregulation of the miR-515 cluster in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line by epigenetic therapy. APMIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00abs1165_54.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Emery S, Workman C, Puls RL, Bloch M, Baker D, Bodsworth N, Anderson J, Crowe SM, French MAH, Hoy J, Aichelburg A, Ward LD, Boyle DB, Law MG, Kelleher AD, Cooper DA. Randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I/IIa evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of fowlpox virus expressing HIV gag-pol and interferon-gamma in HIV-1 infected subjects. Hum Vaccin 2005; 1:232-8. [PMID: 17012863 DOI: 10.4161/hv.1.6.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial to examine the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate HIV therapeutic vaccine based upon a recombinant fowl pox virus capable of coexpressing the human cytokine interferon-gamma and/or genes from HIV-1. Thirty-five eligible subjects were randomized (12 placebo, 11 fowlpox + HIV genes, 12 fowl pox + HIV genes + interferon gamma). All but one subject (placebo group) received three immunizations (by intramuscular injection on day 0, week 4 and week 12) and all completed 52 weeks of follow-up. All subjects continued to take combination antiretroviral therapy for the duration of study. There were no significant toxicity or safety concerns and the distribution of adverse events and their severity was consistent across each randomly assigned vaccine group. Comparison of placebo recipients with the combined recipients of the two vaccine constructs, in terms of anti-HIV gag ELISpot or lymphoproliferative responses, tended to favour the placebo group, but were not significantly different (difference in time-weighted mean change from baseline = 56 Spot forming units (sfu)/10(6) PBMC; p = 0.062 and 4.4 SI; p = 0.337). There were no significant changes in CTL responses by standard Cr(51) release assay. Anti-FPV antibodies were detected by week 14 in 0 placebo and 20 (87%) vaccine recipients. Although safe, neither vaccine construct appeared to possess detectable T-cell mediated anti-HIV immunogenic properties in HIV infected individuals, as measured by standard T cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Emery
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Schembri MA, Ussery DW, Workman C, Hasman H, Klemm P. DNA microarray analysis of fim mutations in Escherichia coli. Mol Genet Genomics 2002; 267:721-9. [PMID: 12207220 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-002-0705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2002] [Accepted: 05/22/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is often mediated by complex polymeric surface structures referred to as fimbriae. Type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli represent the archetypical and best characterised fimbrial system. These adhesive organelles mediate binding to D-mannose and are directly associated with virulence in the urinary tract. A typical type 1 fimbriated bacterium has up to 500 fimbriae on its surface, with each fimbria consisting of approximately 1000 individual subunits. This equates to approximately 8% of the total cellular protein and is potentially a significant resource drain for the cell. Here we have used DNA microarray analysis to examine the molecular events involved in response to fimbrial gene expression in E. coli K-12. Observed differential expression levels of the fim genes were in good agreement with our current knowledge of the stoichiometry of type 1 fimbriae. Changes in fim expression correlated directly with alterations in colony morphology. Deletion of the entire fim gene cluster resulted in the converse expression of another surface protein Antigen 43 (Ag43). Specific deletion of the fimH gene did not affect expression of other fim genes or Ag43, but did dramatically reduce the number of fimbriae expressed on the cell surface. The use of high-resolution oligonucleotide arrays for defining points of transcription initiation and termination is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schembri
- Microbial Adhesion Group, Section of Molecular Microbiology, Bldg. 301, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Jensen LJ, Gupta R, Blom N, Devos D, Tamames J, Kesmir C, Nielsen H, Staerfeldt HH, Rapacki K, Workman C, Andersen CAF, Knudsen S, Krogh A, Valencia A, Brunak S. Prediction of human protein function from post-translational modifications and localization features. J Mol Biol 2002; 319:1257-65. [PMID: 12079362 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an entirely sequence-based method that identifies and integrates relevant features that can be used to assign proteins of unknown function to functional classes, and enzyme categories for enzymes. We show that strategies for the elucidation of protein function may benefit from a number of functional attributes that are more directly related to the linear sequence of amino acids, and hence easier to predict, than protein structure. These attributes include features associated with post-translational modifications and protein sorting, but also much simpler aspects such as the length, isoelectric point and composition of the polypeptide chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Jensen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Biocentrum-DTU, Building 208, The Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Ioannidis JP, Rosenberg PS, Goedert JJ, Ashton LJ, Benfield TL, Buchbinder SP, Coutinho RA, Eugen-Olsen J, Gallart T, Katzenstein TL, Kostrikis LG, Kuipers H, Louie LG, Mallal SA, Margolick JB, Martinez OP, Meyer L, Michael NL, Operskalski E, Pantaleo G, Rizzardi GP, Schuitemaker H, Sheppard HW, Stewart GJ, Theodorou ID, Ullum H, Vicenzi E, Vlahov D, Wilkinson D, Workman C, Zagury JF, O'Brien TR. Effects of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF-1 3'A alleles on HIV-1 disease progression: An international meta-analysis of individual-patient data. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135:782-95. [PMID: 11694103 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies relating certain chemokine and chemokine receptor gene alleles with the outcome of HIV-1 infection have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To examine postulated associations of genetic alleles with HIV-1 disease progression. DESIGN Meta-analysis of individual-patient data. SETTING 19 prospective cohort studies and case-control studies from the United States, Europe, and Australia. PATIENTS Patients with HIV-1 infection who were of European or African descent. MEASUREMENTS Time to AIDS, death, and death after AIDS and HIV-1 RNA level at study entry or soon after seroconversion. Data were combined with fixed-effects and random-effects models. RESULTS Both the CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles were associated with a decreased risk for progression to AIDS (relative hazard among seroconverters, 0.74 and 0.76, respectively; P = 0.01 for both), a decreased risk for death (relative hazard among seroconverters, 0.64 and 0.74; P < 0.05 for both), and lower HIV-1 RNA levels after seroconversion (difference, -0.18 log(10) copies/mL and -0.14 log(10) copies/mL; P < 0.05 for both). Having the CCR5-Delta32 or CCR2-64I allele had no clear protective effect on the risk for death after development of AIDS. The results were consistent between seroconverters and seroprevalent patients. In contrast, SDF-1 3'A homozygotes showed no decreased risk for AIDS (relative hazard for seroconverters and seroprevalent patients, 0.99 and 1.03, respectively), death (relative hazard, 0.97 and 1.00), or death after development of AIDS (relative hazard, 0.81 and 0.97; P > 0.5 for all). CONCLUSIONS The CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles had a strong protective effect on progression of HIV-1 infection, but SDF-1 3'A homozygosity carried no such protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Ioannidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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25
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Whole genome shotgun sequencing strategies generate sequence data prior to the application of assembly methodologies that result in contiguous sequence. Sequence reads can be employed to indicate regions of conservation between closely related species for which only one genome has been assembled. Consequently, by using pairwise sequence alignments methods it is possible to identify novel, non-repetitive, conserved segments in non-coding sequence that exist between the assembled human genome and mouse whole genome shotgun sequencing fragments. Conserved non-coding regions identify potentially functional DNA that could be involved in transcriptional regulation. RESULTS Local sequence alignment methods were applied employing mouse fragments and the assembled human genome. In addition, transcription factor binding sites were detected by aligning their corresponding positional weight matrices to the sequence regions. These methods were applied to a set of transcripts corresponding to 502 genes associated with a variety of different human diseases taken from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Using statistical arguments we have shown that conserved non-coding segments contain an enrichment of transcription factor binding sites when compared to the sequence background in which the conserved segments are located. This enrichment of binding sites was not observed in coding sequence. Conserved non-coding segments are not extensively repeated in the genome and therefore their identification provides a rapid means of finding genes with related conserved regions, and consequently potentially related regulatory mechanism. Conserved segments in upstream regions are found to contain binding sites that are co-localized in a manner consistent with experimentally known transcription factor pairwise co-occurrences and afford the identification of novel co-occurring Transcription Factor (TF) pairs. This study provides a methodology and more evidence to suggest that conserved non-coding regions are biologically significant since they contain a statistical enrichment of regulatory signals and pairs of signals that enable the construction of regulatory models for human genes. CONTACT samuel.levy@celera.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Levy
- Informatics Research, Celera Genomics Corporation, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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26
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Thykjaer T, Workman C, Kruhøffer M, Demtröder K, Wolf H, Andersen LD, Frederiksen CM, Knudsen S, Orntoft TF. Identification of gene expression patterns in superficial and invasive human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2492-9. [PMID: 11289120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple transcriptional events take place when normal urothelium is transformed into tumor tissue. These can now be monitored simultaneously by the use of oligonucleotide arrays, and expression patterns of superficial and invasive tumors can be established. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from bladder biopsies (36 normal, 29 tumor). Pools of cells were made from normal urothelium and from pTa grade I and II and pT2 grade III and IV bladder tumors. From these suspensions, and from 10 single-tumor biopsies, labeled cRNA was hybridized to oligonucleotide arrays carrying probes for 6500 genes. The obtained expression data were sorted according to a weighting scheme and were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis of tissues and genes. Northern blotting was used to verify the array data, and immunohistology was used to correlate between RNA and protein levels. Hierarchical clustering of samples correctly identified the stage using both 4076 genes and a subset of 400 genes covarying with the stages and grades of tumors. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression levels identified several stage-characteristic, functionally related clusters, encoding proteins that were related to cell proliferation, oncogenes and growth factors, cell adhesion, immunology, transcription, proteinases, and ribosomes. Northern blotting correlated well with array data. Immunohistology showed a good concordance between transcript level and protein staining. The study indicates that gene expression patterns may be identified in bladder cancer by combining oligonucleotide arrays and cluster analysis. These patterns give new biological insight and may form a basis for the construction of molecular classifiers and for developing new therapy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thykjaer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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27
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28
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Kelleher AD, Long C, Holmes EC, Allen RL, Wilson J, Conlon C, Workman C, Shaunak S, Olson K, Goulder P, Brander C, Ogg G, Sullivan JS, Dyer W, Jones I, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones S, Phillips RE. Clustered mutations in HIV-1 gag are consistently required for escape from HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med 2001; 193:375-86. [PMID: 11157057 PMCID: PMC2195921 DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to HIV-1 in patients who carry human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is characterized by an immunodominant response to an epitope in p24 gag (amino acids 263-272, KRWIILGLNK). Substitution of lysine (K) or glycine (G) for arginine (R) at HIV-1 gag residue 264 (R264K and R264G) results in epitopes that bind to HLA-B27 poorly. We have detected a R264K mutation in four patients carrying HLA-B27. In three of these patients the mutation occurred late, coinciding with disease progression. In another it occurred within 1 yr of infection and was associated with a virus of syncytium-inducing phenotype. In each case, R264K was tightly associated with a leucine to methionine change at residue 268. After the loss of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to this epitope and in the presence of high viral load, reversion to wild-type sequence was observed. In a fifth patient, a R264G mutation was detected when HIV-1 disease progressed. Its occurrence was associated with a glutamic acid to aspartic acid mutation at residue 260. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these substitutions emerged under natural selection rather than by genetic drift or linkage. Outgrowth of CTL escape viruses required high viral loads and additional, possibly compensatory, mutations in the gag protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Kelleher
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.
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29
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Wang YM, Dyer WB, Workman C, Wang B, Sullivan JS, Saksena NK. Molecular evidence for drug-induced compartmentalization of HIV-1 quasispecies in a patient with periodic changes to HAART. AIDS 2000; 14:2265-72. [PMID: 11089614 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200010200-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform molecular analysis of the predominant viral populations and drug-resistance mutations from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) compartments over time from an HIV infected patient, who experienced virological failure while on different HAART regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a longitudinal study proviral and plasma HIV-1 sequences were amplified in the pol, protease and env genes and were sequenced directly and analysed phylogenetically. Virus was recovered from time points corresponding to viral load peaks using co-culturing techniques. The periodic failure of different highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens was analysed sequencing. RESULTS Longitudinal follow-up studies revealed four inflection peaks of plasma viraemia associated with the recovery of culturable virus in vitro, which indicated failure of the concurrent HAART regimen. Molecular analysis of viral strains revealed evidence of continual evolution and compartmentalization of drug-resistance mutants/quasispecies between plasma and PBMC, with the widest spectrum of mutations isolated from plasma. Importantly, these data show the periodic appearance and clearance of drug-resistance mutants concomitant with the introduction and withdrawal of zidovudine over time. CONCLUSION This report is unique in showing drug-induced compartmentalization of viral quasispecies under the control of different HAART regimens in both plasma and PBMC. Introduction and withdrawal of zidovudine from the HAART regimen had direct bearing on the appearance and disappearance of specific zidovudine drug-resistance mutations in plasma-derived virus. This data has important implications for the management of HIV-infected patients with poor compliance with certain HAART regimens, and also in predicting the late emergence of drug-resistance mutations via the latent integrated provirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Retroviral Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institutes, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Wilson JD, Ogg GS, Allen RL, Davis C, Shaunak S, Downie J, Dyer W, Workman C, Sullivan S, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL. Direct visualization of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes during primary infection. AIDS 2000; 14:225-33. [PMID: 10716497 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200002180-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are believed to play an important role in containing viral replication throughout HIV-1 infection. Previous studies have attempted to quantify the HIV-1-specific CTL precursor frequency during primary HIV infection by using limiting dilution analysis, which almost certainly underestimates the true CTL frequency. Here we use a relatively new technique to quantify HIV-specific CD8 T cells in primary HIV infection. METHODS We have used soluble tetrameric complexes of HLA class I molecules complexed with HIV epitope peptides to study the dynamics and frequency of HIV-specific CD8 T cells in relation to plasma viral load in early HIV infection, in three patients with a highly focused HIV-specific CTL response. RESULTS We show that the frequencies of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells in acute infection are significantly higher than previously documented and can be demonstrated well before full seroconversion. These studies also confirm the immunodominance of the B27-restricted response in HIV infection and demonstrate a close temporal relationship between the numbers of circulating HIV-specific CD8 T cells and viral load. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells are responding directly to the level of viral replication in early HIV infection and are a major factor in its control. In addition, the data indicate that immunodominance for CD8 T-cell responses is established in the acute phase of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Wilson
- Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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31
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Jin X, Demoitie MA, Donahoe SM, Ogg GS, Bonhoeffer S, Kakimoto WM, Gillespie G, Moss PA, Dyer W, Kurilla MG, Riddell SR, Downie J, Sullivan JS, McMichael AJ, Workman C, Nixon DF. High frequency of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-effector cells in HLA-A*0201-positive subjects during multiple viral coinfections. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:165-75. [PMID: 10608763 DOI: 10.1086/315201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
How the cellular immune response copes with diverse antigenic competition is poorly understood. Responses of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were examined longitudinally in an individual coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). CTL responses to all 3 viruses were quantified by limiting dilution analysis and staining with HLA-A*0201 tetrameric complexes folded with HIV-1, EBV, and CMV peptides. A predominance of CMV-pp65-specific CTL was found, with a much lower frequency of CTL to HIV-1 Gag and Pol and to EBV-BMLF1 and LMP2. The high frequency of CMV-specific CTL, compared with HIV-1- and EBV-specific CTL, was confirmed in an additional 16 HLA-A*0201-positive virus-coinfected subjects. Therefore, the human immune system can mount CTL responses to multiple viral antigens simultaneously, albeit with different strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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32
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Workman C, Krogh A. No evidence that mRNAs have lower folding free energies than random sequences with the same dinucleotide distribution. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:4816-22. [PMID: 10572183 PMCID: PMC148783 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.24.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates whether mRNA has a lower estimated folding free energy than random sequences. The free energy estimates are calculated by the mfold program for prediction of RNA secondary structures. For a set of 46 mRNAs it is shown that the predicted free energy is not significantly different from random sequences with the same dinucleotide distribution. For random sequences with the same mononucleotide distribution it has previously been shown that the native mRNA sequences have a lower predicted free energy, which indicates a more stable structure than random sequences. However, dinucleotide content is important when assessing the significance of predicted free energy as the physical stability of RNA secondary structure is known to depend on dinucleotide base stacking energies. Even known RNA secondary structures, like tRNAs, can be shown to have predicted free energies indistinguishable from randomized sequences. This suggests that the predicted free energy is not always a good determinant for RNA folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Workman
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Chew CB, Zheng F, Byth K, Van Asten M, Workman C, Dwyer DE. Comparison of three commercial assays for the quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA from individuals with low viral loads. AIDS 1999; 13:1977-8. [PMID: 10513658 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199910010-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oelrichs RB, Dyer WB, Downie JC, Harvey K, Sullivan JS, Workman C. Inaccurate HIV-1 viral load quantification by three major commercially available methods. AIDS 1999; 13:727-8. [PMID: 10397568 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199904160-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kuipers H, Workman C, Dyer W, Geczy A, Sullivan J, Oelrichs R. An HIV-1-infected individual homozygous for the CCR-5 delta32 allele and the SDF-1 3'A allele. AIDS 1999; 13:433-4. [PMID: 10199243 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Workman C. The process of supporting adherence. Focus 1999; 14:1-4. [PMID: 11366539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Workman
- Ground Zero Medical, Sydney, Australia
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Oelrichs RB, Workman C, Laukkanen T, McCutchan FE, Deacon NJ. A novel subtype A/G/J recombinant full-length HIV type 1 genome from Burkina Faso. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:1495-500. [PMID: 9824329 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R B Oelrichs
- AIDS Molecular Biology Laboratory, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Australia
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Portmann S, Grimm S, Workman C, Usman N, Egli M. Crystal structures of an A-form duplex with single-adenosine bulges and a conformational basis for site-specific RNA self-cleavage. Chem Biol 1996; 3:173-84. [PMID: 8807843 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulged nucleotides are common secondary structural motifs in RNA molecules and are often involved in RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. RNA is selectively cleaved at bulge sites (when compared to other sites within stems) in the presence of divalent metal cations. The effects of bulge nucleotides on duplex stability and topology have been extensively investigated, but no detailed X-ray structures of bulge-containing RNA fragments have been available. RESULTS We have crystallized a self-complementary RNA-DNA chimeric 11-nucleotide sequence containing single-adenosine bulges under two different conditions, giving two distinct crystal forms. In both lattices the adenosines are looped out, leaving the stacking interactions in the duplex virtually unaffected. The bulges cause the duplex to kink in both cases. In one of the structures, the conformation of the bulged nucleotide places its modeled 2'-oxygen in line with the adjacent phosphate on the 3' side, where it is poised for nucleophilic attack. CONCLUSIONS Single adenosine bulges cause a marked opening of the normally narrow RNA major groove in both crystal structures, rendering the bases more accessible to interacting molecules compared with an intact stem. The geometries around the looped-out adenosines are different in the two crystal forms, indicating that bulges can confer considerable local plasticity on the usually rigid RNA double helix. The results provide a conformational basis for the preferential, metal-assisted self-cleavage of RNA at bulged sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Portmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
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Egli M, Portmann S, Tracz D, Workman C, Usman N. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of double-helical RNA octamers. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1995; 51:1065-70. [PMID: 15299775 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444995003817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of a chemically synthesized self-complementary RNA octamer with sequence r(CCCCGGGG) have been obtained by screening 50 different conditions at room temperature using a standard sparse-matrix sampling method. Two crystal forms with different morphologies grew under diverse crystallization conditions within days by hanging-drop vapor diffusion. Hexagonal crystals with space group P6(1)22 (one strand per asymmetric unit) and unit-cell dimensions a = b = 39.73 and c = 58.55 A, diffracted to 2.6 A. Rhombohedral crystals with space group R32 (one duplex per asymmetric unit) and unit-cell dimensions a = b = 42.38 and c = 131.70 A, (hexagonal setting) diffracted beyond 1.5 A. Data sets for both crystal forms were collected on image-plate/rotating-anode generator equipment and structure determinations and refinements are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Egli
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wincott F, DiRenzo A, Shaffer C, Grimm S, Tracz D, Workman C, Sweedler D, Gonzalez C, Scaringe S, Usman N. Synthesis, deprotection, analysis and purification of RNA and ribozymes. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:2677-84. [PMID: 7544462 PMCID: PMC307092 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.14.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the synthesis, deprotection and purification of oligoribonucleotides are described. These advances allow for reduced synthesis and deprotection times, while improving product yield. Coupling times are reduced by half using 5-ethylthio-1H-tetrazole (S-ethyltetrazole) as the activator. Base and 2'-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl deprotection with methylamine (MA) and anhydrous triethylamine/hydrogen fluoride in N-methylpyrrolidinone (TEA.HF/NMP), respectively, requires a fraction of the time necessitated by current standard methods. In addition, the ease of oligoribonucleotide purification and analysis have been significantly enhanced using anion exchange chromatography. These new methods improve the yield and quality of the oligoribonucleotides synthesized. Hammerhead ribozymes synthesized utilizing the described methods exhibited no diminution in catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wincott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Abstract
A case of utricular dilatation in a child with recurrent urinary tract infection and associated genitourinary anomalies is presented. The embryology of the utricle and the relationship of the dilated utricle to the müllerian duct regression factor are discussed. Clinical sequelae, diagnosis and management are outlined briefly.
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Workman C. Staining Bacteria in Sections. West J Med 1885. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1281.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Workman C. The Comma-Bacillus and Cholera. West J Med 1885. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1280.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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