1
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Al Makhzoomi AK, Kirk TB, Dye DE, Allison GT. Contribution of glycosaminoglycans to the structural and mechanical properties of tendons - A multiscale study. J Biomech 2021; 128:110796. [PMID: 34649066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon contributes to a large range of disorders, including mechanical damage and degenerative diseases. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are thought to play a role in the mechanical strength of tendons by forming cross-links between collagen molecules and allowing the transmission of forces between fibrils. This study assessed the response of GAG-depleted tendons to damage induced by fatigue loading, investigating the mechanical damage (stiffness, hysteresis and maximum load), macrostructural changes (tenocyte morphology, fiber anisotropy and waviness) assessed by confocal imaging and nanostructural changes (fibril D-periodicity length) within the same non-viable intact tendons. Changes in fiber waviness and tenocyte shape are strongly correlated to mechanical and nano-structural (D-periodicity elongation) properties in both Control and GAG-depleted tendons. This study supports firstly, the vital role GAGs play as mechanical connectors facilitating the load transfer between the fibrils and their hydrophilic role in facilitating fibril sliding. Secondly, that observed changes in tenocyte shape and fiber waviness correlate with tendon stiffness and other mechanical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas K Al Makhzoomi
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Thomas B Kirk
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danielle E Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Garry T Allison
- Research Office, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Al Makhzoomi AK, Kirk TB, Dye DE, Allison GT. The influence of glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan side chains on tensile force transmission and the nanostructural properties of Achilles tendons. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:233-243. [PMID: 34390286 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the nanostructural mechanisms that lie behind load transmission in tendons and the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the transmission of force in the tendon extracellular matrix. The GAGs in white New Zealand rabbit Achilles tendons were enzymatically depleted, and the tendons subjected to cyclic loading at 6% strain for up to 2 hr. A nanoscale morphometric assessment of fibril deformation under strain was linked with the decline in the tendon macroscale mechanical properties. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to characterize the D-periodicity within and between fibril bundles (WFB and BFB, respectively). By the end of the second hour of the applied strain, the WFB and BFB D-periodicities had significantly increased in the GAG-depleted group (29% increase compared with 15% for the control, p < .0001). No statistically significant differences were found between WFB and BFB D-periodicities in either the control or GAG-depleted groups, suggesting that mechanical load in Achilles tendons is uniformly distributed and fairly homogenous among the WFB and BFB networks. The results of this study have provided evidence of a cycle-dependent mechanism of damage accumulation. The accurate quantification of fibril elongation (measured as the WFB and BFB D-periodicity lengths) in response to macroscopic applied strain has assisted in assessing the complex structure-function relationship in Achilles tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas K Al Makhzoomi
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas B Kirk
- Dean, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danielle E Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Garry T Allison
- Associate Deputy Vice-Chancellor -Research Excellence - Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Member Board of Directors; Sports Medicine Australia, Perth
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3
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Duong L, Radley HG, Lee B, Dye DE, Pixley FJ, Grounds MD, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Macrophage function in the elderly and impact on injury repair and cancer. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33441138 PMCID: PMC7805172 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Older age is associated with deteriorating health, including escalating risk of diseases such as cancer, and a diminished ability to repair following injury. This rise in age-related diseases/co-morbidities is associated with changes to immune function, including in myeloid cells, and is related to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence reflects age-related changes associated with immune dysfunction and is accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation or inflammageing. This is characterised by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. However, in healthy ageing, there is a concomitant age-related escalation in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and IL-10, which may overcompensate to regulate the pro-inflammatory state. Key inflammatory cells, macrophages, play a role in cancer development and injury repair in young hosts, and we propose that their role in ageing in these scenarios may be more profound. Imbalanced pro- and anti-inflammatory factors during ageing may also have a significant influence on macrophage function and further impact the severity of age-related diseases in which macrophages are known to play a key role. In this brief review we summarise studies describing changes to inflammatory function of macrophages (from various tissues and across sexes) during healthy ageing. We also describe age-related diseases/co-morbidities where macrophages are known to play a key role, focussed on injury repair processes and cancer, plus comment briefly on strategies to correct for these age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duong
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H G Radley
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D E Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D J Nelson
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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4
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Elaskalani O, Domenchini A, Abdol Razak NB, E. Dye D, Falasca M, Metharom P. Antiplatelet Drug Ticagrelor Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy by Targeting the Novel P2Y12-AKT Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010250. [PMID: 31968611 PMCID: PMC7016832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extensive research has reported that extracellular ADP in the tumour microenvironment can stimulate platelets through interaction with the platelet receptor P2Y12. In turn, activated platelets release biological factors supporting cancer progression. Experimental data suggest that the tumour microenvironment components, of which platelets are integral, can promote chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, overcoming chemoresistance requires combining multiple inhibitors that simultaneously target intrinsic pathways in cancer cells and extrinsic factors related to the tumour microenvironment. We aimed to determine whether ticagrelor, an inhibitor of the ADP–P2Y12 axis and a well-known antiplatelet drug, could be a therapeutic option for PDAC. Methods: We investigated a functional P2Y12 receptor and its downstream signalling in a panel of PDAC cell lines and non-cancer pancreatic cells termed hTERT-HPNE. We tested the synergistic effect of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (gemcitabine, paclitaxel and cisplatin), in vitro and in vivo. Results: Knockdown studies revealed that P2Y12 contributed to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and the expression of SLUG and ZEB1, which are transcriptional factors implicated in metastasis and chemoresistance. Studies using genetic and pharmacological inhibitors showed that the P2Y12–EGFR crosstalk enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Inhibition of P2Y12 signalling significantly reduced EGF-dependent AKT activation and promoted the anticancer activity of anti-EGFR treatment. Importantly, ticagrelor significantly decreased the proliferative capacity of cancer but not normal pancreatic cells. In vitro, synergism was observed when ticagrelor was combined with several chemodrugs. In vivo, a combination of ticagrelor with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumour growth, whereas gemcitabine or ticagrelor alone had a minimal effect. Conclusions: These findings uncover a novel effect and mechanism of action of the antiplatelet drug ticagrelor in PDAC cells and suggest a multi-functional role for ADP-P2Y12 signalling in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Alice Domenchini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (A.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Kent Street, Bentley, Building 305, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (O.E.); (N.B.A.R.); (D.E.D.)
- Platelet Research Group, Perth Blood Institute, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(08)-9266-9271
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5
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Jackaman C, Gardner JK, Tomay F, Spowart J, Crabb H, Dye DE, Fox S, Proksch S, Metharom P, Dhaliwal SS, Nelson DJ. CD8 + cytotoxic T cell responses to dominant tumor-associated antigens are profoundly weakened by aging yet subdominant responses retain functionality and expand in response to chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1564452. [PMID: 30906657 PMCID: PMC6422383 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1564452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing life expectancy is associated with increased cancer incidence, yet the effect of cancer and anti-cancer treatment on elderly patients and their immune systems is not well understood. Declining T cell function with aging in response to infection and vaccination is well documented, however little is known about aged T cell responses to tumor antigens during cancer progression or how these responses are modulated by standard chemotherapy. We examined T cell responses to cancer in aged mice using AE17sOVA mesothelioma in which ovalbumin (OVA) becomes a 'spy' tumor antigen containing one dominant (SIINFEKL) and two subdominant (KVVRFDKL and NAIVFKGL) epitopes. Faster progressing tumors in elderly (22-24 months, cf. 60-70 human years) relative to young (2-3 months, human 15-18 years) mice were associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and worsened cancer cachexia. Pentamer staining and an in-vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay showed that whilst elderly mice generated a greater number of CD8+ T cells recognizing all epitopes, they exhibited a profound loss of function in their ability to lyse targets expressing the dominant, but not subdominant, epitopes compared to young mice. Chemotherapy was less effective and more toxic in elderly mice however, similar to young mice, chemotherapy expanded CTLs recognizing at least one subdominant epitope in tumors and draining lymph nodes, yet treatment efficacy still required CD8+ T cells. Given the significant dysfunction associated with elderly CTLs recognizing dominant epitopes, our data suggest that responses to subdominant tumor epitopes may become important when elderly hosts with cancer are treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joanne K Gardner
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua Spowart
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Simon Fox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen Proksch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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6
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Dye DE, Kinnear BF, Chaturvedi V, Coombe DR. Interaction Between Skeletal Muscle Cells and Extracellular Matrix Proteins Using a Serum Free Culture System. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:185-212. [PMID: 30367415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to grow C2C12 myoblasts in a completely defined, serum free medium enables researchers to investigate the role of specific factors in myoblast proliferation, migration, fusion, and differentiation without the confounding effects of serum. The use of defined, animal free in vitro culture systems will improve reproducibility between research groups and may also enhance translation of tissue engineering techniques into clinical applications. Here, we describe the use and characterization of a serum free culture system for C2C12 myoblasts using standard tissue culture medium and readily available, defined growth factors and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Beverley F Kinnear
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Vishal Chaturvedi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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7
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Duong L, Radley-Crabb HG, Gardner JK, Tomay F, Dye DE, Grounds MD, Pixley FJ, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Macrophage Depletion in Elderly Mice Improves Response to Tumor Immunotherapy, Increases Anti-tumor T Cell Activity and Reduces Treatment-Induced Cachexia. Front Genet 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 30459812 PMCID: PMC6232269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers emerge in the elderly, including lung cancer and mesothelioma, yet the elderly remain an underrepresented population in pre-clinical cancer studies and clinical trials. The immune system plays a critical role in the effectiveness of many anti-cancer therapies in young hosts via tumor-specific T cells. However, immunosuppressive macrophages can constitute up to 50% of the tumor burden and impair anti-tumor T cell activity. Altered macrophage phenotype and function during aging may further impact anti-tumor T cell responses. Yet, the impact of macrophages on anti-tumor T cell responses and immunotherapy in the elderly is unknown. Therefore, we examined macrophages and their interaction with T cells in young (3 months) and elderly (20-24 months) AE17 mesothelioma-bearing female C57BL/6J mice during tumor growth. Mesothelioma tumors grew faster in elderly compared with young mice, and this corresponded with an increase in tumor-associated macrophages. During healthy aging, macrophages increase in bone marrow and spleens suggesting that these sites have an increased potential to supply cancer-promoting macrophages. Interestingly, in tumor-bearing mice, bone marrow macrophages increased proliferation whilst splenic macrophages had reduced proliferation in elderly compared with young mice, and macrophage depletion using the F4/80 antibody slowed tumor growth in young and elderly mice. We also examined responses to treatment with intra-tumoral IL-2/anti-CD40 antibody immunotherapy and found it was less effective in elderly (38% tumor regression) compared to young mice (90% regression). Tumor-bearing elderly mice decreased in vivo anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell activity in tumor draining lymph nodes and spleens. Depletion of macrophages using F4/80 antibody in elderly, but not young mice, improved IL-2/anti-CD40 immunotherapy up to 78% tumor regression. Macrophage depletion also increased in vivo anti-tumor T cell activity in elderly, but not young mice. All the tumor-bearing elderly (but not young) mice had decreased body weight (i.e., exhibited cachexia), which was greatly exacerbated by immunotherapy; whereas macrophage depletion prevented this immunotherapy-induced cachexia. These studies strongly indicate that age-related changes in macrophages play a key role in driving cancer cachexia in the elderly, particularly during immunotherapy, and sabotage elderly anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelinh Duong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne K Gardner
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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8
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Dye DE, Bieniawski MA, Wright SCE, McCauley A, Coombe DR, Mousley CJ. WITHDRAWN: The Fundamental And Pathological Importance Of Oxysterol Binding Protein And Its Related Proteins. J Lipid Res 2018:jlr.R088682. [PMID: 30201632 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn by the authors as part of this review overlapped with the contents of Pietrangelo A and Ridgway ND. 2018. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 75; 3079-98.
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9
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Tomay F, Wells K, Duong L, Tsu JW, Dye DE, Radley-Crabb HG, Grounds MD, Shavlakadze T, Metharom P, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Aged neutrophils accumulate in lymphoid tissues from healthy elderly mice and infiltrate T- and B-cell zones. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:831-840. [PMID: 29603362 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The average age of the human population is rising, leading to an increasing burden of age-related diseases, including increased susceptibility to infection. However, immune function can decrease with age which could impact on processes that require a functional immune system. Aging is also characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation which could further impact immune cell function. While changes to neutrophils in blood during aging have been described, little is known in aging lymphoid organs. This study used female C57BL/6J mice comparing bone marrow (BM), spleen and lymph nodes from young mice aged 2-3 months (equivalent to 18 human years) with healthy elderly mice aged 22-24 months (equivalent to 60-70 human years). Neutrophil proportions increased in BM and secondary lymphoid organs of elderly mice relative to their younger counterparts and presented an atypical phenotype. Interestingly, neutrophils from elderly spleen and lymph nodes were long lived (with decreased apoptosis via Annexin V staining and increased proportion of BrdUneg mature cells) with splenic neutrophils also demonstrating a hypersegmented morphology. Furthermore, splenic neutrophils of elderly mice expressed a mixed phenotype with increased expression of activation markers, CD11b and ICAM-1, increased proinflammatory TNFα, yet increased anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta. Elderly splenic architecture was compromised, as the marginal zone (required for clearing infections) was contracted. Moreover, neutrophils from elderly but not young mice accumulated in lymph node and splenic T- and B-cell zones. Overall, the expansion of functionally compromised neutrophils could contribute to increased susceptibility to infection observed in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomay
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Kelsi Wells
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Lelinh Duong
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Jean Wei Tsu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Hannah G Radley-Crabb
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6012, Australia
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10
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Chaturvedi V, Naskar D, Kinnear BF, Grenik E, Dye DE, Grounds MD, Kundu SC, Coombe DR. Silk fibroin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity support in vitro differentiation of human skeletal muscle cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3178-3192. [PMID: 27878977 PMCID: PMC5724504 DOI: 10.1002/term.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human adult skeletal muscle has a limited ability to regenerate after injury and therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are few. Technologies to enhance regeneration of tissues generally rely upon bioscaffolds to mimic aspects of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, silk fibroins from four Lepidoptera (silkworm) species engineered into three-dimensional scaffolds were examined for their ability to support the differentiation of primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) adhered, spread and deposited extensive ECM on all the scaffolds, but immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression revealed that myotube formation occurred differently on the various scaffolds. Bombyx mori fibroin scaffolds supported formation of long, well-aligned myotubes, whereas on Antheraea mylitta fibroin scaffolds the myotubes were thicker and shorter. Myotubes were oriented in two perpendicular layers on Antheraea assamensis scaffolds, and scaffolds of Philosamia/Samia ricini (S. ricini) fibroin poorly supported myotube formation. These differences were not caused by fibroin composition per se, as HSMMs adhered to, proliferated on and formed striated myotubes on all four fibroins presented as two-dimensional fibroin films. The Young's modulus of A. mylitta and B. mori scaffolds mimicked that of normal skeletal muscle, but A. assamensis and S. ricini scaffolds were more flexible. The present study demonstrates that although myoblasts deposit matrix onto fibroin scaffolds and create a permissive environment for cell proliferation, a scaffold elasticity resembling that of normal muscle is required for optimal myotube length, alignment, and maturation. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. StartCopTextStartCopText© 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaturvedi
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest BengalIndia
| | - Beverley F. Kinnear
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia
| | - Elizabeth Grenik
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Engineering and ComputingCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern Australia
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest BengalIndia
- Present address:
3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAvePark ‐ 4805‐017 BarcoGuimaraesPortugal
| | - Deirdre R. Coombe
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia
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11
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Chaturvedi V, Naskar D, Kinnear BF, Grenik E, Dye DE, Grounds MD, Kundu SC, Coombe DR. Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 11. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Chaturvedi V, Dye DE, Kinnear BF, van Kuppevelt TH, Grounds MD, Coombe DR. Interactions between Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts and their Extracellular Matrix Revealed by a Serum Free Culture System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127675. [PMID: 26030912 PMCID: PMC4450880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularisation of skeletal muscle provides a system to study the interactions of myoblasts with muscle extracellular matrix (ECM). This study describes the efficient decellularisation of quadriceps muscle with the retention of matrix components and the use of this matrix for myoblast proliferation and differentiation under serum free culture conditions. Three decellularisation approaches were examined; the most effective was phospholipase A2 treatment, which removed cellular material while maximizing the retention of ECM components. Decellularised muscle matrices were then solubilized and used as substrates for C2C12 mouse myoblast serum free cultures. The muscle matrix supported myoblast proliferation and differentiation equally as well as collagen and fibronectin. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed that myoblasts seeded on muscle matrix and fibronectin differentiated to form long, well-aligned myotubes, while myoblasts seeded on collagen were less organized. qPCR analyses showed a time dependent increase in genes involved in skeletal muscle differentiation and suggested that muscle-derived matrix may stimulate an increased rate of differentiation compared to collagen and fibronectin. Decellularized whole muscle three-dimensional scaffolds also supported cell adhesion and spreading, with myoblasts aligning along specific tracts of matrix proteins within the scaffolds. Thus, under serum free conditions, intact acellular muscle matrices provided cues to direct myoblast adhesion and migration. In addition, myoblasts were shown to rapidly secrete and organise their own matrix glycoproteins to create a localized ECM microenvironment. This serum free culture system has revealed that the correct muscle ECM facilitates more rapid cell organisation and differentiation than single matrix glycoprotein substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaturvedi
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beverley F. Kinnear
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deirdre R. Coombe
- School of Biomedical Science, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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13
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Gardner JK, Mamotte CD, McGonigle T, Dye DE, Jackaman C, Nelson DJ. Lipid-laden partially-activated plasmacytoid and CD4(-)CD8α(+) dendritic cells accumulate in tissues in elderly mice. Immun Ageing 2014; 11:11. [PMID: 25089147 PMCID: PMC4118209 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a decline in lymphocyte function however, little is known about dendritic cell (DC) subsets and aging. Aging is also associated with increasing circulating lipid levels and intracellular lipid accumulation modulates DC function. Whether age-associated increases in lipid levels influence DC biology is unknown. Thus, the effects of aging on DC subsets were assessed in vivo using young adult and elderly C57BL/6 J mice. RESULTS Major age-related changes included increased CD11c(+) DC numbers in lymph nodes, spleens and livers, but not lungs, and significantly increased proportions of plasmacytoid (pDC) and CD4(-)CD8α(+) DCs in lymph nodes and livers. Other changes included altered pDC activation status (decreased CD40, increased MHC class-I and MHC class-II), increased lipid content in pDCs and CD4(-)CD8α(+) DCs, and increased expression of key mediators of lipid uptake including lipoprotein lipase, scavenger receptors (CD36, CD68 and LRP-1) in most tissues. CONCLUSIONS Aging is associated with organ-specific numerical changes in DC subsets, and DC activation status, and increased lipid content in pDCs and CD4(-)CD8α(+) DCs. Up-regulation of lipoprotein lipase and scavenger receptors by lipid-rich pDCs and CD4(-)CD8α(+) DCs suggests these molecules contribute to DC lipid accumulation in the elderly. Lipid accumulation and modulated activation in pDCs and CD4(-)CD8α(+) DCs may contribute to the declining responses to vaccination and infection with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Gardner
- Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cyril Ds Mamotte
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terrence McGonigle
- Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Danielle E Dye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Bentley, Perth 6102 Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Glasson EJ, Dye DE, Bittles AH. The triple challenges associated with age-related comorbidities in Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2014; 58:393-398. [PMID: 23510031 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major increases in the survival of people with Down syndrome during the last two generations have resulted in extended periods of adulthood requiring specialist care, which in turn necessitates greater understanding of the nature, timing and impact of comorbidities associated with the disorder. METHOD The prevalence of five comorbidities reported as common in adults with Down syndrome, visual impairment, hearing impairment, epilepsy, thyroid disorders and dementia was assessed by decade of life. RESULTS From early adulthood, people with Down syndrome are at enhanced risk of developing new comorbidities and they may present with multiple conditions. Three specific challenges are identified and discussed: are comorbidities detected in a timely manner, is the clinical progress of the disorder adequately understood, and who is responsible for the provision of care? CONCLUSIONS Further detailed investigations into the development and treatment of comorbidities across the lifespan are needed for a successful longitudinal approach to healthcare in people with Down syndrome. Implementation of this approach will better inform healthcare providers to ensure continuity of care with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Glasson
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Brameld KJ, Dye DE, Maxwell S, Brisbane JM, Glasson EJ, Goldblatt J, O'Leary P. The Western Australian Family Connections Genealogical Project: Detection of Familial Occurrences of Single Gene and Chromosomal Disorders. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:77-82. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kate J. Brameld
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Susannah Maxwell
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Joanna M. Brisbane
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Emma J. Glasson
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Jack Goldblatt
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- School of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peter O'Leary
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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16
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Dye DE, Medic S, Ziman M, Coombe DR. Melanoma biomolecules: independently identified but functionally intertwined. Front Oncol 2013; 3:252. [PMID: 24069584 PMCID: PMC3781348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients diagnosed with melanoma present with thin lesions and generally these patients have a good prognosis. However, 5% of patients with early melanoma (<1 mm thick) will have recurrence and die within 10 years, despite no evidence of local or metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. Thus, there is a need for additional prognostic markers to help identify those patients that may be at risk of recurrent disease. Many studies and several meta-analyses have compared gene and protein expression in melanocytes, naevi, primary, and metastatic melanoma in an attempt to find informative prognostic markers for these patients. However, although a large number of putative biomarkers have been described, few of these molecules are informative when used in isolation. The best approach is likely to involve a combination of molecules. We believe one approach could be to analyze the expression of a group of interacting proteins that regulate different aspects of the metastatic pathway. This is because a primary lesion expressing proteins involved in multiple stages of metastasis may be more likely to lead to secondary disease than one that does not. This review focuses on five putative biomarkers – melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), galectin-3 (gal-3), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), and paired box 3 (PAX3). The goal is to provide context around what is known about the contribution of these biomarkers to melanoma biology and metastasis. Although each of these molecules have been independently identified as likely biomarkers, it is clear from our analyses that each are closely linked with each other, with intertwined roles in melanoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Dye
- School of Biomedical Science & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Curtin University , Perth, WA , Australia
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17
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Laing NG, Dye DE, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Richard G, Monnier N, Lillis S, Winder TL, Lochmüller H, Graziano C, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Twomey D, Sparrow JC, Beggs AH, Nowak KJ. Mutations and polymorphisms of the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene (ACTA1). Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1267-77. [PMID: 19562689 PMCID: PMC2784950 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ACTA1 gene encodes skeletal muscle alpha-actin, which is the predominant actin isoform in the sarcomeric thin filaments of adult skeletal muscle, and essential, along with myosin, for muscle contraction. ACTA1 disease-causing mutations were first described in 1999, when a total of 15 mutations were known. In this article we describe 177 different disease-causing ACTA1 mutations, including 85 that have not been described before. ACTA1 mutations result in five overlapping congenital myopathies: nemaline myopathy; intranuclear rod myopathy; actin filament aggregate myopathy; congenital fiber type disproportion; and myopathy with core-like areas. Mixtures of these histopathological phenotypes may be seen in a single biopsy from one patient. Irrespective of the histopathology, the disease is frequently clinically severe, with many patients dying within the first year of life. Most mutations are dominant and most patients have de novo mutations not present in the peripheral blood DNA of either parent. Only 10% of mutations are recessive and they are genetic or functional null mutations. To aid molecular diagnosis and establishing genotype-phenotype correlations, we have developed a locus-specific database for ACTA1 variations (http://waimr.uwa.edu.au).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, Australia.
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18
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Dye DE, Karlen S, Rohrbach B, Staub O, Braathen LR, Eidne KA, Coombe DR. hShroom1 links a membrane bound protein to the actin cytoskeleton. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:681-96. [PMID: 19137261 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-8645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
hShroom1 (hShrm1) is a member of the Apx/Shroom (Shrm) protein family and was identified from a yeast two-hybrid screen as a protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). The characteristic signature of the Shrm family is the presence of a unique domain, ASD2 (Apx/Shroom domain 2). mRNA analysis suggests that hShrm1 is expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, colon, small intestine, kidney, placenta and lung tissue, as well a variety of melanoma and other cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments indicate that hShrm1 and MCAM interact in vivo and by immunofluorescence microscopy some co-localization of these proteins is observed. hShrm1 partly co-localises with beta-actin and is found in the Triton X-100 insoluble fraction of melanoma cell extracts. We propose that hShrm1 is involved in linking MCAM to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Dye
- Curtin University of Technology, Molecular Immunology Group, Perth, Australia
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19
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Clarke NF, Kolski H, Dye DE, Lim E, Smith RLL, Patel R, Fahey MC, Bellance R, Romero NB, Johnson ES, Labarre-Vila A, Monnier N, Laing NG, North KN. Mutations in TPM3 are a common cause of congenital fiber type disproportion. Ann Neurol 2008; 63:329-37. [PMID: 18300303 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD) is a rare form of congenital myopathy in which the principal histological abnormality is hypotrophy of type 1 (slow-twitch) fibers compared with type 2 (fast-twitch) fibers. To date, mutation of ACTA1 and SEPN1 has been associated with CFTD, but the genetic basis in most patients is unclear. The gene encoding alpha-tropomyosin(slow) (TPM3) is a rare cause of nemaline myopathy, previously reported in only five families. We investigated whether mutation of TPM3 is a cause of CFTD. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced TPM3 in 23 unrelated probands with CFTD or CFTD-like presentations of unknown cause and identified novel heterozygous missense mutations in five CFTD families (p. Leu100Met, p.Arg168Cys, p.Arg168Gly, p.Lys169Glu, p.Arg245Gly). All affected family members that underwent biopsy had typical histological features of CFTD, with type 1 fibers, on average, at least 50% smaller than type 2 fibers. We also report a sixth family in which a recurrent TPM3 mutation (p.Arg168His) was associated with histological features of CFTD and nemaline myopathy in different family members. We describe the clinical features of 11 affected patients. Typically, there was proximal limb girdle weakness, prominent weakness of neck flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, mild facial weakness, and mild ptosis. The age of onset and severity varied, even within the same family. Many patients required nocturnal noninvasive ventilation despite remaining ambulant. INTERPRETATION Mutation of TPM3 is the most common cause of CFTD reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuromuscular Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Shingde MV, Spring PJ, Maxwell A, Wills EJ, Harper CG, Dye DE, Laing NG, North KN. Myosin storage (hyaline body) myopathy: a case report. Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:882-6. [PMID: 17118657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Myosin storage myopathy/hyaline body myopathy is a rare congenital myopathy, with less than 30 cases reported in the literature. It is characterised by the presence of subsarcolemmal hyaline bodies in type 1 muscle fibres and predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Recently, a single mutation (Arg1845Trp) in the slow/beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7) was identified in four unrelated probands from Sweden and Belgium. The clinical severity and age of onset was variable, despite the same disease-causing mutation and similar histological findings. Here, we report the clinical and morphological findings of two brothers of English/Scottish background with the Arg1845Trp mutation in MYH7. This case report adds to the clinical description of this rare disorder and confirms that Arg1845Trp is a common mutation associated with this phenotype, at least in the White European population.
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21
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Dye DE, Azzarelli B, Goebel HH, Laing NG. Novel slow-skeletal myosin (MYH7) mutation in the original myosin storage myopathy kindred. Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:357-60. [PMID: 16684601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myosin storage myopathy (OMIM 608358), a congenital myopathy characterised by subsarcolemmal, hyaline-like accumulations of myosin in Type I muscle fibres, was first described by Cancilla and Colleagues in 1971 [Neurology 1971;21:579-585] in two siblings as 'familial myopathy with probable lysis of myofibrils in type I muscle fibres'. Two mutations in the slow skeletal myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7) have recently been associated with the disease in other families. We have identified a novel heterozygous Leu1793Pro mutation in MYH7 in DNA from paraffin sections of one of the original siblings. This historical molecular analysis confirms the original cases had myosin storage myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Dye
- Molecular Neurogenetics Laboratory, Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia M519, 'B' Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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22
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Laing NG, Ceuterick-de Groote C, Dye DE, Liyanage K, Duff RM, Dubois B, Robberecht W, Sciot R, Martin JJ, Goebel HH. Myosin storage myopathy: Slow skeletal myosin (MYH7) mutation in two isolated cases. Neurology 2005; 64:527-9. [PMID: 15699387 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000150581.37514.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin storage myopathy is a congenital myopathy characterized by subsarcolemmal hyaline bodies in type 1 muscle fibers, which are ATPase positive and thus contain myosin. Mutations recently were identified in the type 1 muscle fiber myosin gene (MYH7) in Swedish and Saudi families with myosin storage myopathy. The authors have identified the arginine 1845 tryptophan mutation found in the Swedish families in two isolated Belgian cases, indicating a critical role for myosin residue arginine 1845.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Laing
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurologic Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia.
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23
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Laing NG, Clarke NF, Dye DE, Liyanage K, Walker KR, Kobayashi Y, Shimakawa S, Hagiwara T, Ouvrier R, Sparrow JC, Nishino I, North KN, Nonaka I. Actin mutations are one cause of congenital fibre type disproportion. Ann Neurol 2005; 56:689-94. [PMID: 15468086 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report three heterozygous missense mutations of the skeletal muscle alpha actin gene (ACTA1) in three unrelated cases of congenital fiber type disproportion (CFTD) from Japan and Australia. This represents the first genetic cause of CFTD to be identified and confirms that CFTD is genetically heterogeneous. The three mutations we have identified Leucine221Proline, Aspartate292Valine, and Proline332Serine are novel. They have not been found previously in any cases of nemaline, actin, intranuclear rod, or rod-core myopathy caused by mutations in ACTA1. It remains unclear why these mutations cause type 1 fiber hypotrophy but no nemaline bodies. The three mutations all lie on one face of the actin monomer on the surface swept by tropomyosin during muscle activity, which may suggest a common pathological mechanism. All three CFTD cases with ACTA1 mutations had severe congenital weakness and respiratory failure without ophthalmoplegia. There were no clinical features specific to CFTD cases with ACTA1 mutations, but the presence of normal eye movements in a severe CFTD patient may be an important clue for the presence of a mutation in ACTA1.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Aspartic Acid/genetics
- Biopsy/methods
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Female
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leucine/genetics
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Mutation, Missense
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Proline/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Serine/genetics
- Valine/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia.
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24
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Meredith C, Herrmann R, Parry C, Liyanage K, Dye DE, Durling HJ, Duff RM, Beckman K, de Visser M, van der Graaff MM, Hedera P, Fink JK, Petty EM, Lamont P, Fabian V, Bridges L, Voit T, Mastaglia FL, Laing NG. Mutations in the slow skeletal muscle fiber myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7) cause laing early-onset distal myopathy (MPD1). Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:703-8. [PMID: 15322983 PMCID: PMC1182058 DOI: 10.1086/424760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously linked Laing-type early-onset autosomal dominant distal myopathy (MPD1) to a 22-cM region of chromosome 14. One candidate gene in the region, MYH7, which is mutated in cardiomyopathy and myosin storage myopathy, codes for the myosin heavy chain of type I skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac ventricles. We have identified five novel heterozygous mutations--Arg1500Pro, Lys1617del, Ala1663Pro, Leu1706Pro, and Lys1729del in exons 32, 34, 35, and 36 of MYH7--in six families with early-onset distal myopathy. All five mutations are predicted, by in silico analysis, to locally disrupt the ability of the myosin tail to form the coiled coil, which is its normal structure. These findings demonstrate that heterozygous mutations toward the 3' end of MYH7 cause Laing-type early-onset distal myopathy. MYH7 is the fourth distal-myopathy gene to have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Meredith
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Ralf Herrmann
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Cheryl Parry
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Khema Liyanage
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Hayley J. Durling
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Rachael M. Duff
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Kaye Beckman
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Maaike M. van der Graaff
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Peter Hedera
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - John K. Fink
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Elizabeth M. Petty
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Phillipa Lamont
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Vicki Fabian
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Leslie Bridges
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Thomas Voit
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Frank L. Mastaglia
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Nigel G. Laing
- Centre for Human Genetics, Edith Cowan University, and Departments of Neurology and Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, and Centre for Medical Research, West Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Academic Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; and Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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25
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Abstract
The mdx mouse, an animal model used to study Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), has a nonsense mutation in exon 23 of the dystrophin gene which should result in a truncated protein that cannot be correctly localized at the sarcolemma of the muscle fibres. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-dystrophin antibodies had shown that while most of the muscle tissue was dystrophin-negative, a small percentage of muscle fibres were clearly dystrophin-positive and had somehow by-passed the primary nonsense mutation. A nested PCR-based examination of dystrophin gene transcripts around the mdx mutation revealed several alternatively processed transcripts, of which four mRNA species skipped the mutation in exon 23, were in-frame and could be translated into a shorter, but still functional dystrophin protein. Specific tests for these transcripts demonstrated these were also present in normal adult and embryonic mouse muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Wilton
- Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Nedlands, Australia
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26
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Abstract
The mdx mouse, an animal model used to study Duchenne muscular dystrophy, has a nonsense mutation in exon 23 of the dystrophin gene which should result in a truncated protein that cannot be correctly localized at the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers. Immunohistochemical staining with antidystrophin antibodies has shown that while most of the muscle tissue is dystrophin-negative, a small percentage of muscle fibers is clearly dystrophin-positive and has somehow bypassed the primary nonsense mutation. A sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction-based examination of dystrophin gene transcripts around the mdx mutation has revealed several alternatively processed transcripts. Four mRNA species skipped the mutation in exon 23, were in-frame, and could be translated into a shorter but still functional dystrophin protein. Specific tests for these transcripts demonstrated these were also present in normal mouse muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Wilton
- Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, QE III Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia
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