1
|
Obino D, Maurin M, Dingli F, Loew D, Lescure A, Terriac E, Goudot C, Malbec O, Lankar D, Yuseff MI, Lennon-Duménil AM, Moreau HD. Medium-throughput image-based phenotypic siRNA screen to unveil the molecular basis of B cell polarization. Sci Data 2023; 10:401. [PMID: 37353541 PMCID: PMC10290135 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is an essential and highly conserved process governing cell function. Cell polarization is generally triggered by an external signal that induces the relocation of the centrosome, thus defining the polarity axis of the cell. Here, we took advantage of B cells as a model to study cell polarity and perform a medium-throughput siRNA-based imaging screen to identify new molecular regulators of polarization. We first identified candidates based on a quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins differentially associated with the centrosome of resting non-polarized and stimulated polarized B cells. We then targeted 233 candidates in a siRNA screen and identified hits regulating the polarization of the centrosome and/or lysosomes in B cells upon stimulation. Our dataset of proteomics, images, and polarity indexes provides a valuable source of information for a broad community of scientists interested in the molecular mechanisms regulating cell polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Obino
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aurianne Lescure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, BioPhenics Platform, PICT-IBISA, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Christel Goudot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Odile Malbec
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Hélène D Moreau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumari A, Pineau J, Sáez PJ, Maurin M, Lankar D, San Roman M, Hennig K, Boura VF, Voituriez R, Karlsson MCI, Balland M, Lennon Dumenil AM, Pierobon P. Actomyosin-driven force patterning controls endocytosis at the immune synapse. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2870. [PMID: 31253773 PMCID: PMC6599028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important channel of cell-to-cell communication is direct contact. The immune synapse is a paradigmatic example of such type of interaction: it forms upon engagement of antigen receptors in lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells and allows the local exchange of molecules and information. Although mechanics has been shown to play an important role in this process, how forces organize and impact on synapse function is unknown. We find that mechanical forces are spatio-temporally patterned at the immune synapse: global pulsatile myosin II-driven tangential forces are observed at the synapse periphery while localised forces generated by invadosome-like F-actin protrusions are detected at its centre. Noticeably, we observe that these force-producing actin protrusions constitute the main site of antigen extraction and endocytosis and require myosin II contractility to form. The interplay between global and local forces dictated by the organization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton therefore controls endocytosis at the immune synapse. The immune synapse promotes cellular information exchange but the role of biophysical forces in synapse function is unclear. Here, the authors show that B cells exert two types of forces, a centripetal myosin II-driven force and a central actin protrusive force at the site of antigen extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Judith Pineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mabel San Roman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Katharina Hennig
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1), 38402, Saint, Martin d'Hères Cedex 9, France
| | - Vanessa F Boura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Raphael Voituriez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7600 CNRS /UPMC and Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS /UPMC, 4 Place Jussieu, 75255, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1), 38402, Saint, Martin d'Hères Cedex 9, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon Dumenil
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Paolo Pierobon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bretou M, Sáez PJ, Sanséau D, Maurin M, Lankar D, Chabaud M, Spampanato C, Malbec O, Barbier L, Muallem S, Maiuri P, Ballabio A, Helft J, Piel M, Vargas P, Lennon-Duménil AM. Lysosome signaling controls the migration of dendritic cells. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/16/eaak9573. [PMID: 29079589 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aak9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) patrol their environment by linking antigen acquisition by macropinocytosis to cell locomotion. DC activation upon bacterial sensing inhibits macropinocytosis and increases DC migration, thus promoting the arrival of DCs to lymph nodes for antigen presentation to T cells. The signaling events that trigger such changes are not fully understood. We show that lysosome signaling plays a critical role in this process. Upon bacterial sensing, lysosomal calcium is released by the ionic channel TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1), which activates the actin-based motor protein myosin II at the cell rear, promoting fast and directional migration. Lysosomal calcium further induces the activation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which translocates to the nucleus to maintain TRPML1 expression. We found that the TRPML1-TFEB axis results from the down-regulation of macropinocytosis after bacterial sensing by DCs. Lysosomal signaling therefore emerges as a hitherto unexpected link between macropinocytosis, actomyosin cytoskeleton organization, and DC migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Doriane Sanséau
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Melanie Chabaud
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Odile Malbec
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institute FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) of Molecular Oncology (IFOM-FIRC), I-20139 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), I-80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julie Helft
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France. .,Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, F-75248 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tkach M, Kowal J, Zucchetti AE, Enserink L, Jouve M, Lankar D, Saitakis M, Martin-Jaular L, Théry C. Qualitative differences in T-cell activation by dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes. EMBO J 2017; 36:3012-3028. [PMID: 28923825 PMCID: PMC5641679 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-sized secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are actively studied for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In particular, exosomes secreted by dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to carry MHC-peptide complexes allowing efficient activation of T lymphocytes, thus displaying potential as promoters of adaptive immune responses. DCs also secrete other types of EVs of different size, subcellular origin and protein composition, whose immune capacities have not been yet compared to those of exosomes. Here, we show that large EVs (lEVs) released by human DCs are as efficient as small EVs (sEVs), including exosomes, to induce CD4+ T-cell activation in vitro When released by immature DCs, however, lEVs and sEVs differ in their capacity to orient T helper (Th) cell responses, the former favouring secretion of Th2 cytokines, whereas the latter promote Th1 cytokine secretion (IFN-γ). Upon DC maturation, however, these functional differences are abolished, and all EVs become able to induce IFN-γ. Our results highlight the need to comprehensively compare the functionalities of EV subtypes in all patho/physiological systems where exosomes are claimed to perform critical roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Tkach
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Kowal
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Lotte Enserink
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Mabel Jouve
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Michael Saitakis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University INSERM U932, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Obino D, Diaz J, Sáez JJ, Ibañez-Vega J, Sáez PJ, Alamo M, Lankar D, Yuseff MI. Vamp-7-dependent secretion at the immune synapse regulates antigen extraction and presentation in B-lymphocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:890-897. [PMID: 28179460 PMCID: PMC5385938 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of surface-tethered antigens (Ags) by B-cells leads to the formation of an immune synapse that promotes Ag uptake for presentation onto MHC-II molecules. Extraction of immobilized Ags at the immune synapse of B-cells relies on the local secretion of lysosomes, which are recruited to the Ag contact site by polarization of their microtubule network. Although conserved polarity proteins have been implicated in coordinating cytoskeleton remodeling with lysosome trafficking, the cellular machinery associated with lysosomal vesicles that regulates their docking and secretion at the synaptic interface has not been defined. Here we show that the v-SNARE protein Vamp-7 is associated with Lamp-1+ lysosomal vesicles, which are recruited and docked at the center of the immune synapse of B-cells. A decrease in Vamp-7 expression does not alter lysosome transport to the synaptic interface but impairs their local secretion, a defect that compromises the ability of B-cells to extract, process, and present immobilized Ag. Thus our results reveal that B-cells rely on the SNARE protein Vamp-7 to promote the local exocytosis of lysosomes at the immune synapse, which is required for efficient Ag extraction and presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Obino
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan José Sáez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martina Alamo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM, U932 Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chabaud M, Heuzé ML, Bretou M, Vargas P, Maiuri P, Solanes P, Maurin M, Terriac E, Le Berre M, Lankar D, Piolot T, Adelstein RS, Zhang Y, Sixt M, Jacobelli J, Bénichou O, Voituriez R, Piel M, Lennon-Duménil AM. Cell migration and antigen capture are antagonistic processes coupled by myosin II in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7526. [PMID: 26109323 PMCID: PMC4491822 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response relies on the migration of leukocytes and on their ability to stop in precise anatomical locations to fulfil their task. How leukocyte migration and function are coordinated is unknown. Here we show that in immature dendritic cells, which patrol their environment by engulfing extracellular material, cell migration and antigen capture are antagonistic. This antagonism results from transient enrichment of myosin IIA at the cell front, which disrupts the back-to-front gradient of the motor protein, slowing down locomotion but promoting antigen capture. We further highlight that myosin IIA enrichment at the cell front requires the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (Ii). Thus, by controlling myosin IIA localization, Ii imposes on dendritic cells an intermittent antigen capture behaviour that might facilitate environment patrolling. We propose that the requirement for myosin II in both cell migration and specific cell functions may provide a general mechanism for their coordination in time and space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Chabaud
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Mélina L. Heuzé
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Marine Bretou
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Paola Solanes
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Maël Le Berre
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tristan Piolot
- CNRS UMR3215/Inserm U934, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Robert S. Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- National Jewish Health & University of Colorado, 1250 14th Street, Denver, USA
| | - Olivier Bénichou
- CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 7600 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Voituriez
- CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 7600 Paris, France
- CNRS FRE 3231, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reversat A, Yuseff MI, Lankar D, Malbec O, Obino D, Maurin M, Penmatcha NVG, Amoroso A, Sengmanivong L, Gundersen GG, Mellman I, Darchen F, Desnos C, Pierobon P, Lennon-Duménil AM. Polarity protein Par3 controls B-cell receptor dynamics and antigen extraction at the immune synapse. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1273-85. [PMID: 25631815 PMCID: PMC4454175 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement with surface-tethered antigens leads to the formation of an immune synapse, which facilitates antigen uptake for presentation to T-lymphocytes. Antigen internalization and processing rely on the early dynein-dependent transport of BCR-antigen microclusters to the synapse center, as well as on the later polarization of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). MTOC repositioning allows the release of proteases and the delivery of MHC class II molecules at the synapse. Whether and how these events are coordinated have not been addressed. Here we show that the ancestral polarity protein Par3 promotes BCR-antigen microcluster gathering, as well as MTOC polarization and lysosome exocytosis, at the synapse by facilitating local dynein recruitment. Par3 is also required for antigen presentation to T-lymphocytes. Par3 therefore emerges as a key molecule in the coupling of the early and late events needed for efficient extraction and processing of immobilized antigen by B-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Reversat
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 6513677 Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Lankar
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Odile Malbec
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dorian Obino
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Alejandro Amoroso
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, 7510157 Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucie Sengmanivong
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Core Facility (PICT-IBiSA) and Nikon Imaging Centre, Institut Curie, UMR144, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - François Darchen
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR8250, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Claire Desnos
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR8250, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Paolo Pierobon
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lennon-Duménil AM, Diaz J, Pierobon P, Yuseff MI, Lankar D. Opposite effects of short-tail and long-tail class I Myosins on Antigen Processing and Presentation. Mol Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
The onset of an adaptive immune response requires the activation of T and B lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells, through a specialized form of intercellular communication, known as the immunological synapse (IS). In B lymphocytes the IS promotes efficient recognition and acquisition of membrane-bound Ags, while in T cells, it modulates the T cell response upon exposure to peptide-major histocompatibility complexes. In this review, we highlight the similarities that determine B and T cell activation, focusing on immune receptor downstream signaling events that lead to synapse formation. We stress the notion that polarization of T and B lymphocytes characterized by global changes in cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking modulates synapse structure and function, thus determining lymphocyte effector functions and fate.
Collapse
|
10
|
Faure-André G, Vargas P, Yuseff MI, Heuzé M, Diaz J, Lankar D, Steri V, Manry J, Hugues S, Vascotto F, Boulanger J, Raposo G, Bono MR, Rosemblatt M, Piel M, Lennon-Duménil AM. Regulation of dendritic cell migration by CD74, the MHC class II-associated invariant chain. Science 2009; 322:1705-10. [PMID: 19074353 DOI: 10.1126/science.1159894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) sample peripheral tissues of the body in search of antigens to present to T cells. This requires two processes, antigen processing and cell motility, originally thought to occur independently. We found that the major histocompatibility complex II-associated invariant chain (Ii or CD74), a known regulator of antigen processing, negatively regulates DC motility in vivo. By using microfabricated channels to mimic the confined environment of peripheral tissues, we found that wild-type DCs alternate between high and low motility, whereas Ii-deficient cells moved in a faster and more uniform manner. The regulation of cell motility by Ii depended on the actin-based motor protein myosin II. Coupling antigen processing and cell motility may enable DCs to more efficiently detect and process antigens within a defined space.
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Roux D, Lankar D, Yuseff MI, Vascotto F, Yokozeki T, Faure-André G, Mougneau E, Glaichenhaus N, Manoury B, Bonnerot C, Lennon-Duménil AM. Syk-dependent actin dynamics regulate endocytic trafficking and processing of antigens internalized through the B-cell receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3451-62. [PMID: 17596518 PMCID: PMC1951757 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-12-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen binding to the B-cell receptor (BCR) induces multiple signaling cascades that ultimately lead to B lymphocyte activation. In addition, the BCR regulates the key trafficking events that allow the antigen to reach endocytic compartments devoted to antigen processing, i.e., that are enriched for major histocompatibility factor class II (MHC II) and accessory molecules such as H2-DM. Here, we analyze the role in antigen processing and presentation of the tyrosine kinase Syk, which is activated upon BCR engagement. We show that convergence of MHC II- and H2-DM-containing compartments with the vesicles that transport BCR-uptaken antigens is impaired in cells lacking Syk activity. This defect in endocytic trafficking compromises the ability of Syk-deficient cells to form MHC II-peptide complexes from BCR-internalized antigens. Altered endocytic trafficking is associated to a failure of Syk-deficient cells to properly reorganize their actin cytoskeleton in response to BCR engagement. We propose that, by modulating the actin dynamics induced upon BCR stimulation, Syk regulates the positioning and transport of the vesicles that carry the molecules required for antigen processing and presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Le Roux
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Lankar
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Takeaki Yokozeki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-8577; and
| | - Gabrielle Faure-André
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Mougneau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E0344, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E0344, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Bénédicte Manoury
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christian Bonnerot
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U653, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vascotto F, Lankar D, Faure-André G, Vargas P, Diaz J, Le Roux D, Yuseff MI, Sibarita JB, Boes M, Raposo G, Mougneau E, Glaichenhaus N, Bonnerot C, Manoury B, Lennon-Duménil AM. The actin-based motor protein myosin II regulates MHC class II trafficking and BCR-driven antigen presentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:1007-19. [PMID: 17389233 PMCID: PMC2064085 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200611147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag) capture and presentation onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules by B lymphocytes is mediated by their surface Ag receptor (B cell receptor [BCR]). Therefore, the transport of vesicles that carry MHC class II and BCR–Ag complexes must be coordinated for them to converge for processing. In this study, we identify the actin-associated motor protein myosin II as being essential for this process. Myosin II is activated upon BCR engagement and associates with MHC class II–invariant chain complexes. Myosin II inhibition or depletion compromises the convergence and concentration of MHC class II and BCR–Ag complexes into lysosomes devoted to Ag processing. Accordingly, the formation of MHC class II–peptides and subsequent CD4 T cell activation are impaired in cells lacking myosin II activity. Therefore, myosin II emerges as a key motor protein in BCR-driven Ag processing and presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Vascotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale Unité 653, Unité Mixte de Recherche 144 Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vascotto F, Lankar D, Faure-André G, Vargas P, Diaz J, Le Roux D, Yuseff MI, Sibarita JB, Boes M, Raposo G, Mougneau E, Glaichenhaus N, Bonnerot C, Manoury B, Lennon-Duménil AM. The actin-based motor protein myosin II regulates MHC class II trafficking and BCR-driven antigen presentation. J Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1084/jem2044oia10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
14
|
Vascotto F, Le Roux D, Lankar D, Faure-André G, Vargas P, Guermonprez P, Lennon-Duménil AM. Antigen presentation by B lymphocytes: how receptor signaling directs membrane trafficking. Curr Opin Immunol 2006; 19:93-8. [PMID: 17140785 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen capture and presentation onto MHC class II molecules by B lymphocytes is mediated by their surface antigen receptor - the B-cell receptor (BCR). The BCR must therefore coordinate the transport of MHC class II- and antigen-containing vesicles for them to converge and ensure efficient processing. Recently, progress has been made in understanding which and how these vesicular transport events are molecularly linked to BCR signaling. In particular, recent studies have emphasized the key roles of membrane microdomains and the actin cytoskeleton in regulation of membrane trafficking upon BCR engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Vascotto
- Unité Inserm 653, Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by several cell types during exocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Exosomes from tumour cells can transfer antigens from cell to cell, a property favouring antigen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo, and are thus an interesting putative therapeutic tool in human cancers. Exosomes have been well studied in EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed human B-cell lines; however, biological stimuli regulating exosome secretion quantitatively and/or qualitatively still remain poorly defined. RESULTS We analysed the effect of the BCR stimulation on exosome release in the human follicular lymphoma B-cell line DOHH2. We found that BCR (B-cell receptor) triggering of DOHH2 cells induced the polarization of CD63(+) MHC class II compartments. Moreover, BCR stimulation increased the release of exosome-associated proteins in the extracellular space. Finally, we found that the BCR was expressed at the surface of exosomes, and could target a bound anti-human IgG to these vesicles. CONCLUSIONS BCR can modulate the protein content of exosomes upon stimulation, and can target its bound antigen to these vesicles.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/analysis
- B7-2 Antigen/analysis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Cell Polarity/immunology
- Exocytosis/immunology
- HLA-D Antigens/analysis
- HLA-D Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Transport/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Transferrin/analysis
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Tetraspanin 30
- Transport Vesicles/immunology
- Transport Vesicles/metabolism
- Transport Vesicles/ultrastructure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Rialland
- INSERM U520, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75 248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Laulagnier K, Vincent-Schneider H, Hamdi S, Subra C, Lankar D, Record M. Characterization of exosome subpopulations from RBL-2H3 cells using fluorescent lipids. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006; 35:116-21. [PMID: 16023874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent lipid probes were used to track lipid trafficking between parent RBL cells and exosomes. We have checked the intracellular labeling of exosomes ("in vivo labeling") from parent cell incubated with either Bodipy-Cer, Bodipy-PC, or NBD-PC. Bodipy-PC labeled equally cells and exosomes, whereas Bodipy-Cer, a Golgi marker, was enriched in exosomes. Golgi membranes participated effectively in exosome biogenesis since cell incubation with brefeldin A leads to a modified phospholipid/protein ratio in exosomes. At the opposite, NBD-PC, a plasma membrane marker weakly labeled exosome membranes. Sorting of subpopulations indicated that the MHC-II containing exosomes were enriched in Bodipy-PC, whereas tetraspanin(CD 63 or CD81)-containing exosomes are essentially labeled with Bodipy-Cer and Bodipy-PC. These results indicated that RBL released two main subpopulations of exosomes that can be discriminated by their protein and lipid contents. When the bulk of exosomes was labeled after their purification ("in vitro labeling") with either of the above-mentioned lipid probes, the Bodipy-Cer was the only one to incorporate noticeably in all the subpopulations, indicating that the previous results obtained during "in vivo labeling" monitored real intracellular lipid trafficking between organelles and exosomes. Bodipy-Cer was further used as a tool to measure the respective amounts of each subpopulations. CD63, MHC II, and CD81-containing exosomes accounted for 47%, 32%, and 21%, respectively, of total exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Laulagnier
- INSERM U563, Département Lipoprotéines et Médiateurs Lipidiques, CHU Purpan, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (50-90 nm in diameter) secreted by most hematopoietic cells. We provide here the first evidence for the presence of exosomes in vivo, in the blood. Plasma samples of all healthy donors tested (n = 15) contain vesicles that are similar in shape, size and density to the previously described exosomes. They were clearly identified by electron microscopy after isolation by differential ultracentrifugation or immunoisolation with CD63-coated latex beads. We performed their biochemical characterization by western blot analysis and by flow cytometry after vesicle adsorption onto latex beads using a panel of mAbs. We observed that these plasma-derived vesicles contain tetraspanin molecules such as CD63, CD9, CD81 as well as class I and class II MHC molecules and Lamp-2 (i.e. proteins that are known to be enriched in exosomes). In addition, these vesicles float on sucrose gradient at a density similar to exosomes. Our results demonstrate that blood is a physiological fluid for exosome circulation in the body, suggesting their role in cell-cell or organ-organ communications as carriers for molecules that need to reach distant cell targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Caby
- Institut National de la santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 520, Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Laulagnier K, Grand D, Dujardin A, Hamdi S, Vincent-Schneider H, Lankar D, Salles JP, Bonnerot C, Perret B, Record M. PLD2 is enriched on exosomes and its activity is correlated to the release of exosomes. FEBS Lett 2004; 572:11-4. [PMID: 15304316 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by different immune cells and which display anti-tumoral properties. Stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells with ionomycin triggered phospholipase D2 (PLD2) translocation from plasma membrane to intracellular compartments and the release of exosomes. Although exosomes carry the two isoforms of PLD, PLD2 was enriched and specifically sorted on exosomes when overexpressed in cells. PLD activity present on exosomes was clearly increased following PLD2 overexpression. PLD2 activity in cells was correlated to the amount of exosome released, as measured by FACS. Therefore, the present work indicates that exosomes can vehicle signaling enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Laulagnier
- Département Lipoprotéines et Médiateurs Lipidiques, INSERM U563, CPTP, Bât C, CHU Purpan, Place Baylac, BP3028, 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yokozeki T, Adler K, Lankar D, Bonnerot C. B cell receptor-mediated Syk-independent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Ras, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Immunol 2003; 171:1328-35. [PMID: 12874222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.3.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Syk tyrosine kinase is a key molecule in the development of the B cell lineage and the activation of B lymphocytes after Ag recognition by the B cell Ag receptor (BCR). Several genetic studies with chicken B cells have reported that the recruitment of Syk by BCR is essential for activation of a cascade of signaling molecules including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Ras signaling pathways, phospholipase C-gamma2 activation, and calcium mobilization. The identification of a Syk-deficient mouse IIA1.6/A20 B cell line provided us the opportunity to investigate Syk-mediated signaling in mouse. Surprisingly, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Ras, and mitogen-activated protein kinases were activated upon BCR cross-linking in these Syk-deficient mouse B cells, whereas, as expected from results obtained in chicken B cells, phospholipase C-gamma2 activation and calcium mobilization were impaired as well as the NF-kappaB pathway. These results indicate that BCR signaling is not strictly dependent on Syk expression in mouse IIA1.6/A20 B cells. Thus, B lymphocyte activation may be initiated by Syk-dependent and Syk-independent signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Yokozeki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 520, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Granboulan M, Lankar D, Raposo G, Bonnerot C, Hivroz C. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation by Igbeta controls de novo formation of an antigen-processing compartment. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:4331-8. [PMID: 12459553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m209885200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigens that bind B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are preferentially and rapidly processed for antigen presentation. The BCR is a multimeric complex containing a signaling module composed of Igalpha and Igbeta. Signaling pathways implicated in antigen presentation through the BCR are ill defined. Here we demonstrate that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors preclude antigen presentation induced by BCR or Igbeta but not Igalpha. Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition, we show that PI3K inhibitors block neither antigen internalization nor degradation. Rather PI3K inhibitors block de novo formation of a multivesicular antigen processing compartment, which is induced by triggering of the BCR or Igbeta. Strikingly, we found using fluorescent probes binding specifically to PI3K products that BCR and Igbeta but not Igalpha induce PI3K activation in endocytic compartments wherein antigen is transported. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that Igbeta couples the BCR to PI3K activation that is instrumental for de novo formation of the antigen processing compartment and efficient antigen presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Granboulan
- INSERM U520, UMR 144, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vincent-Schneider H, Stumptner-Cuvelette P, Lankar D, Pain S, Raposo G, Benaroch P, Bonnerot C. Exosomes bearing HLA-DR1 molecules need dendritic cells to efficiently stimulate specific T cells. Int Immunol 2002; 14:713-22. [PMID: 12096030 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxf048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles (60-100 nm) secreted by various cell types upon the fusion of endosomal compartments with the plasma membrane. Exosomes from antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as B lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC), bear MHC class II molecules. In addition, the injection of DC-derived exosomes was reported to elicit potent T cell responses in vivo. Here, we analyzed the activation of specific T cells by MHC class II-bearing exosomes in vitro. The rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3, was engineered to express human class II molecules uniformly loaded with an antigenic peptide [HLA-DR1-hemagglutinin (HA)]. These cells secreted exosomes bearing DR1 class II molecules upon stimulation by a calcium ionophore or IgE receptor cross-linking. Exosomes bearing DR1-HA(306-318) complexes activated HA/DR1-specific T cells only weakly, whereas the cross-linking of such exosomes to latex beads increased stimulation of specific T cells. By contrast, the incubation of free exosomes with DC resulted in the highly efficient stimulation of specific T cells. Thus, exosomes bearing MHC class II complexes must be taken up by professional APC for efficient T cell activation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Blanchard N, Lankar D, Faure F, Regnault A, Dumont C, Raposo G, Hivroz C. TCR activation of human T cells induces the production of exosomes bearing the TCR/CD3/zeta complex. J Immunol 2002; 168:3235-41. [PMID: 11907077 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We show in this study that human T cells purified from peripheral blood, T cell clones, and Jurkat T cells release microvesicles in the culture medium. These microvesicles have a diameter of 50-100 nm, are delimited by a lipidic bilayer membrane, and bear TCR beta, CD3epsilon, and zeta. This microvesicle production is regulated because it is highly increased upon TCR activation, whereas another mitogenic signal, such as PMA and ionomycin, does not induce any release. T cell-derived microvesicles also contain the tetraspan protein CD63, suggesting that they originate from endocytic compartments. They contain adhesion molecules such as CD2 and LFA-1, MHC class I and class II, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. These transmembrane proteins are selectively sorted in microvesicles because CD28 and CD45, which are highly expressed at the plasma membrane, are not found. The presence of phosphorylated zeta in these microvesicles suggests that the CD3/TCR found in the microvesicles come from the pool of complexes that have been activated. Proteins of the transduction machinery, tyrosine kinases of the Src family, and c-Cbl are also observed in the T cell-derived microvesicles. Our data demonstrate that T lymphocytes produce, upon TCR triggering, vesicles whose morphology and phenotype are reminiscent of vesicles of endocytic origin produced by many cell types and called exosomes. Although the exact content of T cell-derived exosomes remains to be determined, we suggest that the presence of TCR/CD3 at their surface makes them powerful vehicles to specifically deliver signals to cells bearing the right combination of peptide/MHC complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanchard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 520, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lankar D, Vincent-Schneider H, Briken V, Yokozeki T, Raposo G, Bonnerot C. Dynamics of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments during B cell receptor-mediated cell activation. J Exp Med 2002; 195:461-72. [PMID: 11854359 PMCID: PMC2193618 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen recognition by clonotypic B cell receptor (BcR) is the first step of B lymphocytes differentiation into plasmocytes. This B cell function is dependent on efficient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted presentation of BcR-bound antigens. In this work, we analyzed the subcellular mechanisms underlying antigen presentation after BcR engagement on B cells. In quiescent B cells, we found that MHC class II molecules mostly accumulated at the cell surface and in an intracellular pool of tubulovesicular structures, whereas H2-M molecules were mostly detected in distinct lysosomal compartments devoid of MHC class II. BcR stimulation induced the transient intracellular accumulation of MHC class II molecules in newly formed multivesicular bodies (MVBs), to which H2-M was recruited. The reversible downregulation of cathepsin S activity led to the transient accumulation of invariant chain-MHC class II complexes in MVBs. A few hours after BcR engagement, cathepsin S activity increased, the p10 invariant chain disappeared, and MHC class II-peptide complexes arrived at the plasma membrane. Thus, BcR engagement induced the transient formation of antigen-processing compartments, enabling antigen-specific B cells to become effective antigen-presenting cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Lankar
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U520 INSERM, Institut Curie, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Regnault A, Lankar D, Lacabanne V, Rodriguez A, Théry C, Rescigno M, Saito T, Verbeek S, Bonnerot C, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Amigorena S. Fcgamma receptor-mediated induction of dendritic cell maturation and major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation after immune complex internalization. J Exp Med 1999; 189:371-80. [PMID: 9892619 PMCID: PMC2192989 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express several receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G (FcgammaR), which mediate internalization of antigen-IgG complexes (immune complexes, ICs) and promote efficient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen presentation. We now show that FcgammaRs have two additional specific attributes in murine DCs: the induction of DC maturation and the promotion of efficient MHC class I-restricted presentation of peptides from exogenous, IgG-complexed antigens. Both FcgammaR functions require the FcgammaR-associated gamma chain. FcgammaR-mediated MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation is extremely sensitive and specific to immature DCs. It requires proteasomal degradation and is dependent on functional peptide transporter associated with antigen processing, TAP1-TAP2. By promoting DC maturation and presentation on both MHC class I and II molecules, ICs should efficiently sensitize DCs for priming of both CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Regnault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale CJF 95-01, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lankar D, Briken V, Adler K, Weiser P, Cassard S, Blank U, Viguier M, Bonnerot C. Syk tyrosine kinase and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) immunoglobulin-alpha subunit determine BCR-mediated major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen presentation. J Exp Med 1998; 188:819-31. [PMID: 9730884 PMCID: PMC2213387 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.5.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells requires the degradation of exogenous antigens into antigenic peptides which associate with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in endosomal or lysosomal compartments. B lymphocytes mediate efficient antigen presentation first by capturing soluble antigens through clonally distributed antigen receptors (BCRs), composed of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) associated with Ig-alpha/Ig-beta heterodimers which, second, target antigens to MHC class II-containing compartments. We report that antigen internalization and antigen targeting through the BCR or its Ig-alpha-associated subunit to newly synthesized class II lead to the presentation of a large spectrum of T cell epitopes, including some cryptic T cell epitopes. To further characterize the intracellular mechanisms of BCR-mediated antigen presentation, we used two complementary experimental approaches: mutational analysis of the Ig-alpha cytoplasmic tail, and overexpression in B cells of dominant negative syk mutants. Thus, we found that the syk tyrosine kinase, an effector of the BCR signal transduction pathway, is involved in the presentation of peptide- MHC class II complexes through antigen targeting by BCR subunits.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Bacteriophage lambda/immunology
- CD79 Antigens
- Cytoplasm/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Enzyme Precursors/metabolism
- Enzyme Precursors/physiology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Mice
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Rats
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- Syk Kinase
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/physiology
- Viral Proteins
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lankar
- INSERM CJF 95-01, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bonnerot C, Briken V, Brachet V, Lankar D, Cassard S, Jabri B, Amigorena S. syk protein tyrosine kinase regulates Fc receptor gamma-chain-mediated transport to lysosomes. EMBO J 1998; 17:4606-16. [PMID: 9707420 PMCID: PMC1170790 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.16.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-cell receptors, as well as most Fc receptors (FcR), are part of a large family of membrane proteins named immunoreceptors and are expressed on all cells of the immune system. Immunoreceptors' biological functions rely on two of their fundamental attributes: signal transduction and internalization. The signals required for these two functions are present in the chains associated with immunoreceptors, within conserved amino acid motifs called immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs). We have examined the role of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) syk, a critical effector of immunoreceptor-mediated cell signalling through ITAMs, in FcR-associated gamma-chain internalization and lysosomal targeting. A point mutation in the immunoreceptor-associated gamma-chain ITAM affecting syk activation, as well as overexpression of a syk dominant negative mutant, inhibited signal transduction without affecting receptor coated-pit localization or internalization. In contrast, blocking of gamma-chain-mediated syk activation impaired FcR transport from endosomes to lysosomes and selectively inhibited the presentation of certain T-cell epitopes. Therefore, activation of the PTK syk is dispensable for receptor internalization, but necessary for cell signalling and for gamma-chain-mediated FcR delivery to lysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bonnerot
- INSERM CJF 95-01, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amigorena S, Lankar D, Briken V, Gapin L, Viguier M, Bonnerot C. Type II and III receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) control the presentation of different T cell epitopes from single IgG-complexed antigens. J Exp Med 1998; 187:505-15. [PMID: 9463401 PMCID: PMC2212157 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.4.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptors on CD4(+) lymphocytes recognize antigen-derived peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. A very limited set of peptides among those that may potentially bind MHC class II is actually presented to T lymphocytes. We here examine the role of two receptors mediating antigen internalization by antigen presenting cells, type IIb2 and type III receptors for IgG (FcgammaRIIb2 and FcgammaRIII, respectively), in the selection of peptides for presentation to T lymphocytes. B lymphoma cells expressing recombinant FcgammaRIIb2 or FcgammaRIII were used to assess the presentation of several epitopes from two different antigens. 4 out of the 11 epitopes tested were efficiently presented after antigen internalization through FcgammaRIIb2 and FcgammaRIII. In contrast, the 7 other epitopes were efficiently presented only when antigens were internalized through FcgammaRIII, but not through FcgammaRIIb2. The capacity to present these latter epitopes was transferred to a tail-less FcgammaRIIb2 by addition of the FcgammaRIII-associated gamma chain cytoplasmic tail. Mutation of a single leucine residue at position 35 of the gamma chain cytoplasmic tail resulted in the selective loss of presentation of these epitopes. Therefore, the nature of the receptor that mediates internalization determines the selection of epitopes presented to T lymphocytes within single protein antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amigorena
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Contrat Jeune Formation 95-01, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Briken V, Lankar D, Bonnerot C. New evidence for two MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation pathways by overexpression of a small G protein. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.10.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exogenous Ags may be presented by MHC class II molecules through two distinct pathways distinguished by their sensitivity to drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis. Using this approach, we previously showed that the subunits Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, associated to B cell Ag receptor, targeted Ags either to newly synthesized or to preexisting pools of MHC class II molecules, respectively. To further characterize these two Ag presentation pathways, we altered the intra-Golgi transport of newly synthesized MHC class II by stably overexpressing, in B cells, mutants of a small G protein involved in the intra-Golgi transport, Rab6. Overexpression of GTP-bound rab6 (Q72L) mutant proteins reduced the cell surface arrival of MHC class II molecules and consequently slowed down Ag presentation dependent upon newly synthesized class II molecules. In contrast, this mutant had no effect on Ag presentation dependent upon preexisting pools of class II molecules, and the overexpression of an inactive GDP-bound form of rab6 (T27N) did not affect any Ag presentation pathway. MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation pathways can therefore be distinguished by their sensitivity to the overexpression of proteins modifying the intracellular transport of newly synthesized class II molecules.
Collapse
|
29
|
Briken V, Lankar D, Bonnerot C. New evidence for two MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation pathways by overexpression of a small G protein. J Immunol 1997; 159:4653-8. [PMID: 9366387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous Ags may be presented by MHC class II molecules through two distinct pathways distinguished by their sensitivity to drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis. Using this approach, we previously showed that the subunits Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, associated to B cell Ag receptor, targeted Ags either to newly synthesized or to preexisting pools of MHC class II molecules, respectively. To further characterize these two Ag presentation pathways, we altered the intra-Golgi transport of newly synthesized MHC class II by stably overexpressing, in B cells, mutants of a small G protein involved in the intra-Golgi transport, Rab6. Overexpression of GTP-bound rab6 (Q72L) mutant proteins reduced the cell surface arrival of MHC class II molecules and consequently slowed down Ag presentation dependent upon newly synthesized class II molecules. In contrast, this mutant had no effect on Ag presentation dependent upon preexisting pools of class II molecules, and the overexpression of an inactive GDP-bound form of rab6 (T27N) did not affect any Ag presentation pathway. MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation pathways can therefore be distinguished by their sensitivity to the overexpression of proteins modifying the intracellular transport of newly synthesized class II molecules.
Collapse
|
30
|
Amigorena S, Lankar D, Briken V, Viguier M, Bonnerot C. Antigen internalization by type II and III receptors for IgG induces presentation of different T cell epitopes. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Bonnerot C, Lankar D, Hanau D, Spehner D, Davoust J, Salamero J, Fridman WH. Role of B cell receptor Ig alpha and Ig beta subunits in MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation. Immunity 1995; 3:335-47. [PMID: 7552998 DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) to enhance MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation was ascribed to mig-associated Ig alpha/Ig beta heterodimers. The relative role of Ig alpha and Ig beta subunits in antigen presentation was investigated by fusing their cytoplasmic tails to the extracellular and transmembrane domains of Fc receptors. Ig alpha and Ig beta chimera mediate antigen internalization and increase the efficiency of antigen presentation, but they drive antigens to different endosomal compartments. Furthermore, antigens internalized by either chimera are degraded and presented with different kinetics. The cytoplasmic tail of Ig alpha targets antigen towards a major population of newly synthesized MHC class II located in class II-rich compartments. In contrast, Ig beta targets antigen towards a minor population of recycling MHC class II molecules, located in transferrin receptor-containing endosomes. Altogether, our data indicate that the composition of BCR could be therefore an important way to modulate the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bonnerot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 255 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
CBA/J females mated with DBA/2 display a high level of fetal wastage which can be corrected by anti-Balb/c vaccination. A batch of CBA/J anti-(CBA/J anti-Balb/c) antiserum was raised. This serum was characterized as anti-idiotypic by various techniques, including a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Such a serum proved to confer protection against resorptions when injected into CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2. However, the kinetics of the effect pointed to the need for administration in early pregnancy for successful protection. The significance of these data, and the possible mechanism(s) by which the serum acts, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chaouat
- U 262 INSERM, Maternité Baudelocque, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chaouat G, Kolb JP, Riviere M, Lankar D. Immunoactive products of placenta. V: Soluble factors from murine placenta can block effector stages of maternal antipaternal cell-mediated immunity. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1986; 12:70-7. [PMID: 3492935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1986.tb00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Supernatants from short-term cultures of placental or trophoblast-enriched cell suspensions derived from 14-17-day isopregnant mice display suppressive activity on NK lysis in vitro. The soluble factor is produced by trypsin-sensitive cells and requires protein synthesis. Its activity is destroyed by treatment with insoluble trypsin. The suppression is not strain restricted, but appears species-restricted. The factor acts at the level of the NK effectors themselves. Furthermore, such supernatants also are able to inhibit CTL-mediated lysis at the effector stage, in an MHC nonrestricted, nonspecific fashion. The effect is not seen with supernatants from control fetal tissues. At least two mechanisms could be involved: inhibition of homing toward allogeneic targets, and a direct effect on effector cell lytic action. These factors could play an important role in protecting the placenta from the deleterious effects of maternal antipaternal immunity and could explain the survival of the fetus in a presensitized maternal host.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chaouat G, Kolb JP, Riviere M, Lankar D, Provost MA. Immunoactive products of placenta: VIII. Translation products of messenger RNA extracted from murine placenta or A6B9IC5 teratocarcinoma are immunosuppressive in vitro. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1985; 9:48-51. [PMID: 4061727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1985.tb00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA was extracted from placentae of synpregnant C3H mice (day 14 of gestation) and from A6B9IC5 teratocarcinoma. After isolation of poly-(A)+ RNA on an oligo d(T) cellulose column, putative messenger RNA was injected into Xenopus laevi oocytes. Supernatants and homogenates from the oocytes were assayed for immunoregulatory activity in MLR, CML, and NK assays and found to be immunosuppressive. These data indicate that immunomodulators could be obtained from the placenta by molecular biology technology in sufficient quantities for eventual clinical applications.
Collapse
|